147 lines
18 KiB
XML
147 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="9DC22DE7E3A843D2A7CFCA409F1937F8" ID-CLB-Dataset="8867" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4868.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3e25dc2-708e-4a78-b552-aa1c6d8c6550" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4443696" ID-ZooBank="A798435B-E49B-4BFB-A180-B1816B4F047D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609807616527" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Minaei, Kambiz & Mound, Laurence" docDate="2020" docId="038687E5FFAEFF9AFF5E7EA8FAB09E7D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4868.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4868 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thysanoptera" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="276" masterDocId="FFBFFF9DFFAFFF9BFFC97F78FF9E9B5B" masterDocTitle="Thysanoptera host-plant associations, with an account of species living on Tamarix, and a new species of Lissothrips (Phlaeothripidae)" masterLastPageNumber="283" masterPageNumber="275" pageNumber="276" updateTime="1698852397017" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="A72B6AB173E41A61FEFEB04EBAAB173B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="29CB5CC8040C1D435AC9BC5E25D5A40F">
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<mods:title id="DCD334242098D2049273D6A8353D1A76">Thysanoptera host-plant associations, with an account of species living on Tamarix, and a new species of Lissothrips (Phlaeothripidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="CC1D69DBA8FBF0EF8176F7683B388B82" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="FEBF0AF5CE69A32BA455824327A93395">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3A3007CC7220F27C18435C22B86C5F5D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7544BA73308F35FE3B7C5439C344CE03">Minaei, Kambiz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="ED92E4EEF7FE9F5C3F852B0F87881B50" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0168-178X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D904FE39827F2C6C39B33CAAC30AA09D">Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. & kminaei @ shirazu. ac. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0168 - 178 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5CA3C3536C532931A1AD954F7AEA67D3" type="email">kminaei@shirazu.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C8E4A7F3E9161E94B8C6026406613FF2" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1B04F0774B48827A086B8363EEA5BEBE">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6A37F53FAB14BDEB00FC58FEA476FF8D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="36BD4D96FA71267BC5C9D2D2E1033B75">Mound, Laurence</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="881C66B7BDE8582C5E11E650C523EB34" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6019-4762</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="671459AD72ACF570D6388BB76F1CFF92">CSIRO Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, ACT, Australia. & laurence. mound @ csiro. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6019 - 4762</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="870FA91963D4330C5797D84ECC72E138" type="email">laurence.mound@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E21AEE1051CBBE00E090CF2EE27C550F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="EDEB9EAFF1164CF979077FA7BCE6F6F9">
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<mods:title id="23C4EE64483EB4E8DC1708A33B138F33">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="82A3EF005D9B1C464C19E41D6F2229A6">
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<mods:date id="98536C129134072A316DC9B366FB4F60">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9204CC814F5FFA381667C733A7E38B6F" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="201B918B87C2A559B0E7A35BEBBA560C">2020-10-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="C9D6FFEF7C5442018E86D33267C4C6ED" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="651D32D1BED3454AD23F77C23F01A235">4868</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E5F48610E42E7E87A5C62BEB47518FB8" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E06C7C0B0ED87B0F5BF4C49135CFD07D">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="672935A9593A3E04DFE6C789DE041891">275</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C336B43190CCB04DE9DB47076A4942CE">283</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="33B3A2B4451B0EA2C3563B80127BB398">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="64E2B85A8FA8E683CB3C502C4E25AB58" type="CLB-Dataset">8867</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E014CA3BF26E761997618EC396C2F49A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4868.2.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038687E5FFAEFF9AFF5E7EA8FAB09E7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4443640" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176585099" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4443640" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038687E5FFAEFF9AFF5E7EA8FAB09E7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687E5FFAEFF9AFF5E7EA8FAB09E7D" lastPageNumber="276" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
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<subSubSection id="C3356578FFAEFF9AFF5E7EA8FDA99AB1" box="[151,567,464,490]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9036F3FFAEFF9AFF5E7EA8FDA99AB1" blockId="1.[151,567,464,490]" box="[151,567,464,490]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
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<heading id="D0D8819FFFAEFF9AFF5E7EA8FDA99AB1" bold="true" box="[151,567,464,490]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFF5E7EA8FDA99AB1" bold="true" box="[151,567,464,490]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFF5E7EA8FEDB9AB1" ID-CoL="622VS" baseAuthorityName="ThripsWiki" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[151,325,464,490]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Thysanoptera</taxonomicName>
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species on
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFE187EA8FDA99AB1" bold="true" box="[465,567,464,490]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Tamarix</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3356578FFAEFF9AFF5E7D61FAB09E7D" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9036F3FFAEFF9AFF5E7D61FF6E98E5" blockId="1.[151,1437,536,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFF5E7D61FF6D9969" ID-CoL="7S9V" box="[151,243,537,562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Tamarix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFF5E7D61FF6D9969" box="[151,243,537,562]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Tamarix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an Old World plant genus that includes about 50 species of trees or shrubs native to the semi-arid areas of the Sahel zone, although with some species introduced to other countries. The eight species considered here are known only from
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFEAD7D19FE5E9921" ID-CoL="7S9V" box="[356,448,609,634]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Tamarix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFEAD7D19FE5E9921" box="[356,448,609,634]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Tamarix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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plants, there being no available evidence that any of them also live on any other plant. However, this is an assemblage of unrelated genera and does not comprise a single lineage. These thrips are representatives from three different families and eight different genera. Four of the species apparently feed on leaves, one is flower-living, two are probably predatory on other small arthropods, and one is a fungus-feeder. Presumably, this assemblage is ecologically driven with little or no evolutionary significance.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFC307D89FBCB9851" ID-CoL="7S9V" box="[1017,1109,753,778]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Tamarix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFC307D89FBCB9851" box="[1017,1109,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Tamarix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lives in a dry and hostile environment, where it is often one of the most important plants available providing food and shelter to phytophagous insects. The absence of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFE6F7C40FDA09809" ID-CoL="622VS" baseAuthorityName="ThripsWiki" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[422,574,824,850]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Thysanoptera</taxonomicName>
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radiation among these
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFC837C41FC389809" ID-CoL="7S9V" box="[842,934,825,850]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Tamarix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFC837C41FC389809" box="[842,934,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Tamarix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-associated thrips is itself interesting, in that it contrasts with the situation on
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFDC27C24FC91982D" ID-CoL="4MKV" authority="(Mound 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Mound" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[523,783,860,886]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Geijera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFDC27C24FDFF982D" box="[523,609,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Geijera</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B02FFAEFF9AFDB97C24FC98982D" author="Mound, L. A." box="[624,774,860,886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" pagination="83 - 97" refId="ref4627" refString="Mound, L. A. (1971) The complex of Thysanoptera in rolled leaf galls on Geijera. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 10, 83 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1971. tb 00014. x" type="journal article" year="1971">Mound 1971</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. This Australian shrub similarly grows in scattered stands in semi-arid country, but a single lineage of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFD477CF8FCA098C1" ID-CoL="625XG" box="[654,830,896,922]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
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has radiated on it to produce at least 10 host-specific species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9036F3FFAEFF9AFF0E7CB0FAB09E7D" blockId="1.[151,1437,536,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">
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Six of the eight species here considered associated with
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFCFA7CB1FC1198B9" ID-CoL="7S9V" box="[819,911,969,994]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Tamarix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFCFA7CB1FC1198B9" box="[819,911,969,994]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Tamarix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are known to exhibit particularly unusual character states, although it is not known if this is coincidence or induced in some way by this plant. The antennae of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFF5E7B68FEF79F71" authorityName="Minaei & Mound" box="[151,361,1040,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Aeolothripidae" genus="Aeolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naderi">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFF5E7B68FEF79F71" box="[151,361,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Aeolothrips naderi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are no more than 7-segmented, instead of the 9-segmented condition found in the other members of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFF7D7B4CFEFE9F15" ID-CoL="63P" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[180,352,1076,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Aeolothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aeolothripidae</taxonomicName>
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. In all known species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFDBE7B4CFC949F15" ID-CoL="4DRD" authorityName="Priesner" authorityYear="1950" box="[631,778,1076,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Eremiothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFDBE7B4CFC949F15" box="[631,778,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Eremiothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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antennal segment V bears near its inner apex a sense cone that is longer than the apical width of this segment, but in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFCD77B21FC389F29" ID-CoL="6GDQM" authorityName="(zur Strassen)" box="[798,934,1113,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Eremiothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamaricis">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFCD77B21FC389F29" box="[798,934,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">E. tamaricis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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this sense cone is much shorter. Similarly, in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFF5E7B04FE359FCD" ID-CoL="3JPS6" authorityName="Priesner" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,427,1148,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamaricinus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFF5E7B04FE359FCD" box="[151,427,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Haplothrips tamaricinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the inner sense cone on antennal segment III is much smaller than the external sense cone, a condition that is particularly unusual in this genus.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFD3A7BD8FC5C9FE1" ID-CoL="4VN33" authorityName="Minaei & Mound" authorityYear="2018" box="[755,962,1184,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scirtothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hafezi">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFD3A7BD8FC5C9FE1" box="[755,962,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Scirtothrips hafezi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is almost unique within the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFA997BD8FF469F85" ID-CoL="63TB9" authorityName="Shull" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Scirtothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFA997BD8FF469F85" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Scirtothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having long setae on the head and pronotum, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFCE17BBCFBDA9F85" ID-CoL="54M8W" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[808,1092,1220,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Tamaricothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamaricis">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFCE17BBCFBDA9F85" box="[808,1092,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Tamaricothrips tamaricis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appears to be a typical species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFEE57B90FE5A9E59" ID-CoL="V5F" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[300,452,1256,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Anaphothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFEE57B90FE5A9E59" box="[300,452,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Anaphothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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apart from having one pair of pronotal posteroangular setae slightly elongate. Finally,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFF5E7A74FECE9E7D" ID-CoL="3V8FH" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,336,1292,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reuteri">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFF5E7A74FECE9E7D" box="[151,336,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Liothrips reuteri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is exceptional within the species-rich genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D70FFAEFF9AFC8F7A74FC339E7D" ID-CoL="5F7D" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[838,941,1292,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAE1FFAEFF9AFC8F7A74FC339E7D" box="[838,941,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="276">Liothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in producing micropterous adults.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |