344 lines
47 KiB
XML
344 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="ED369473BE3C33BA75AD459D86B12651" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5458.2.6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11369889" ID-ZooBank="46A5B0A5-B6CE-4445-8C7D-3F9EA0015881" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1716897989570" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lyubarsky, G. Yu., Vasilenko, D. V. & Perkovsky, E. E." docDate="2024" docId="EA73057BA874FFB7F6B1A450FD32FA38" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5458.2.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5458 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ceratonotha danica Lyubarsky & Vasilenko & Perkovsky 2024" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="281" masterDocId="164A7D03A876FFB1F626A53EFFAAFFF9" masterDocTitle="Ceratonotha, a new erotylid genus (Coleoptera, Erotylidae) from late Eocene amber" masterLastPageNumber="285" masterPageNumber="275" pageNumber="277" updateTime="1717014272323" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="778D3ACF60C418ED0D47935713B12641">
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<mods:title id="43EF27995566982F20168A99AC3502E0">Ceratonotha, a new erotylid genus (Coleoptera, Erotylidae) from late Eocene amber</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C4704F79680A606B9C8D5480F563A809" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6FE23D855536A655950F981FFE23730B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2B07D380BCEA4D82BCA2093047B5D3FA">Lyubarsky, G. Yu.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="244C55BCB288AB631B09DACCBA6E38ED">Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, ul. Bol’shaya Nikitskaya 6, Moscow, 125009 Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="A2A7403C3297CF64DF33842D397EE6F1" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FBC2E295E5465A5FAE799F007E3CEAAA">Vasilenko, D. V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="592BACFAF7EBD61A4D42C6AF5B54FA1D">A. A. Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117647, Russia & Paleontological Laboratory, Cherepovets State University, Cherepovets 162600, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2954FD328CC635C652E0F740DA7EAFB0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="ED82BA495F1B9545CDFD8871F0FF849B">Perkovsky, E. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="874029CDA9125516CCC7E40E138DA945">Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="81D5CDB5ECD9CC2EF550E061F963BE5E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6FE7F49A50501477E529DD611BF2F512">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1D9B71268ADB0EEB006E5F66B3E5F2D7">
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<mods:date id="FB9322F3302A7EC898B6E2BDBE8D35F2">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9B52CED7663C76AF470F6BEA9318FB1A">2024-05-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2401761BA0571B2BDA25640F91365AA2">5458</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="B9CED0898E892965B44A6BA1F306850F">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F8EFD13563313095214C7B61C871A974">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C9D616FFE208D80D37198E93B9F1BE85" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5458.2.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="EA73057BA874FFB7F6B1A450FD32FA38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA73057BA874FFB7F6B1A450FD32FA38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA73057BA874FFB7F6B1A450FD32FA38" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
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<subSubSection id="2AC0E7E6A874FFB3F6B1A450FE47FE70" box="[151,493,366,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6265B46DA874FFB3F6B1A450FE47FE70" blockId="2.[151,493,366,429]" box="[151,493,366,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
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<heading id="392D0301A874FFB3F6B1A450FE47FE70" bold="true" box="[151,493,366,393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="50AE687FA874FFB3F6B1A450FE47FE70" bold="true" box="[151,493,366,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
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<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA874FFB3F6B1A450FE2DFE70" authority="Lyubarsky & Vasilenko & Perkovsky, 2024" authorityName="Lyubarsky & Vasilenko & Perkovsky" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,391,366,393]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Ceratonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="50AE687FA874FFB3F6B1A450FE2DFE70" bold="true" box="[151,391,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Ceratonotha danica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2AC0E7E6A874FFB3F6B1A4ADFB52FE0C" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6265B46DA874FFB3F6B1A4ADFEB6FE54" blockId="2.[151,493,366,429]" box="[151,284,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
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<figureCitation id="FAE1A8E8A874FFB3F6B1A4ADFEB6FE54" box="[151,284,403,429]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[152,255,1845,1869]" captionStartId-1="4.[152,255,1931,1955]" captionStartId-2="5.[152,255,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,309,1821]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,237,1908]" captionTargetBox-2="[167,1420,181,1899]" captionTargetId-0="figure-74@3.[151,1436,309,1821]" captionTargetId-1="figure-52@4.[151,1436,237,1908]" captionTargetId-2="figure-21@5.[167,1420,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Photo: 1A. Body, dorsal view; 1B. Head and pronotum (frontal view)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Photo: 2A. Ventral view. 2B. Head and pronotum (dorsal view)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Photo: 3A. Head, dorsally. 3B. Habitus illustration." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11369891" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11369895" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11369897" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11369891/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11369895/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11369897/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6265B46DA874FFB3F6B1A4E5FB52FE0C" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,2013]" box="[151,1272,474,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
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Type material.
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<materialsCitation id="D2B2BE30A874FFB3F766A4E5FB52FE0C" box="[320,1272,474,501]" collectingDate="1968-03-27" collectorName="A. K. Andersen" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="BD610ACFA874FFB3F766A4E5FE06FE0C" box="[320,428,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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. NHMD 153515, “
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<collectorName id="CF2FD1BBA874FFB3F4A6A4E5FC85FE0C" box="[640,815,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">A. K. Andersen</collectorName>
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<date id="166492ADA874FFB3F510A4E5FC05FE0C" box="[822,943,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" value="1968-03-27">
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<collectingDate id="06206B45A874FFB3F510A4E5FC05FE0C" box="[822,943,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" value="1968-03-27">27-3-1968</collectingDate>
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</date>
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”, Danish amber, late Eocene.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2AC0E7E6A874FFB3F6E1A4C1FD6EFDE0" box="[199,708,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="6265B46DA874FFB3F6E1A4C1FD6EFDE0" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,2013]" box="[199,708,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
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<emphasis id="50AE687FA874FFB3F6E1A4C1FEE2FDE0" bold="true" box="[199,328,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Etymology</emphasis>
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. Named for the country of origin.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2AC0E7E6A874FFB5F6E1A71CFC8BFF2C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6265B46DA874FFB3F6E1A71CFB9DFD50" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
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||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA874FFB3F6E1A71CFEFBFDC5" bold="true" box="[199,337,546,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Description</emphasis>
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. Body elongate-oval, not strongly subcylindrical; weakly convex in dorsal aspect, apparently glabrous dorsally; widest at midlength of elytra; unicolorous from dark-brown to black, elytra immaculate (
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<figureCitation id="FAE1A8E8A874FFB3F349A779FF16FD7C" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-74@3.[151,1436,309,1821]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photo: 1A. Body, dorsal view; 1B. Head and pronotum (frontal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11369891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11369891/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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). Total body length
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<quantity id="A5221988A874FFB3F7B8A754FE5DFD7C" box="[414,503,618,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
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||
, maximum body width
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||
<quantity id="A5221988A874FFB3F525A754FCF6FD7C" box="[771,860,618,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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; pronotal length
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<quantity id="A5221988A874FFB3F23CA755FBD9FD7C" box="[1050,1139,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
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, maximum pronotal width
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<quantity id="A5221988A874FFB3F6B1A7B0FF54FD50" box="[151,254,654,681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="1.15">1.15 mm</quantity>
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; elytral length
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<quantity id="A5221988A874FFB3F783A7B1FE54FD50" box="[421,510,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
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; ratio pronotal length/elytral length (PL/EL) = 0.3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6265B46DA874FFB3F6E1A78DFCEEFB3C" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
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<emphasis id="50AE687FA874FFB3F6E1A78DFEAEFD34" box="[199,260,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Head</emphasis>
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. Head robust, weakly convex in dorsal aspect, rather long (from anterior margin of clypeus to posterior margin of compound eyes), about two thirds of pronotal length, dorsal surface slightly convex. Clypeus convex, truncate apically. Compound eye globular with black facets, bordered dorsally with long supraocular line which is not extending towards anterior eye margin. Facets fine, about 10–11 facets in longitudinal axis of eye; a row of 3–4 facets equal to length of antennomere two; interfacetal setae present, shorter than facetal diameter. Post-ocular ridge indistinct, nearly absent (
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<figureCitation id="FAE1A8E8A874FFB3F7DBA659FDF3FC78" box="[509,601,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-21@5.[167,1420,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photo: 3A. Head, dorsally. 3B. Habitus illustration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11369897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11369897/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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). Short setae along anterior and lateral margins and around eyes. Dorsal interocular distance to head width ratio 0.72. Frons slightly convex. Vertex, transverse occipital ridge (vertexal line) and stridulatory files not discernible in the
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<typeStatus id="BD610ACFA874FFB3F496A691FCB8FC30" box="[688,786,943,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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since posterior portion of head is retracted into pronotum. Punctures of dorsal head rather dense (distance between punctures equal to 1.0–1.5× their diameter), becoming fine and sparse towards clypeus; punctures on clypeus becoming finer and sparser toward apical margin where they disappear. Antennae with 11 antennomeres, club with three antennomeres; relatively short and stout, extending towards base of pronotum, covered by small setiferous punctures. Scape and pedicel cylindrical; antennomere 3 about one third longer than antennomere 4; antennomeres 5–7 slightly conical; antennomere 8 slightly transverse; antennomeres 9–10 transverse; terminal antennomere rounded apically, asymmetrical. Relative length ratios of antennomeres 1–11: 8.5:7:7:5.5:5:6:6:6:8:7:10 (
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<figureCitation id="FAE1A8E8A874FFB3F489A195FCAFFB3C" box="[687,773,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-74@3.[151,1436,309,1821]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photo: 1A. Body, dorsal view; 1B. Head and pronotum (frontal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11369891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11369891/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="FAE1A8E8A874FFB3F534A195FC9DFB3C" box="[786,823,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-21@5.[167,1420,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photo: 3A. Head, dorsally. 3B. Habitus illustration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11369897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11369897/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">3A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6265B46DA874FFB3F6E1A1F1FD15F9A8" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
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<emphasis id="50AE687FA874FFB3F6E1A1F1FEB2FB10" box="[199,280,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Thorax</emphasis>
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. Pronotum evenly convex in dorsal aspect, strongly transverse (length to width ratio 0.6), widest slightly ahead of midlength; with narrow posterolateral longitudinal sulcus located half distance between midlength and lateral margin, sulci as long as one-sixth pronotal length (
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<figureCitation id="FAE1A8E8A874FFB3F51BA029FC32FAC8" box="[829,920,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-52@4.[151,1436,237,1908]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photo: 2A. Ventral view. 2B. Head and pronotum (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11369895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11369895/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="FAE1A8E8A874FFB3F581A029FC60FAC8" box="[935,970,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-21@5.[167,1420,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photo: 3A. Head, dorsally. 3B. Habitus illustration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11369897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11369897/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">3B</figureCitation>
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). Anterior margin truncate, anterolateral angle not projecting, rounded, medially not beaded. Pronotal dorsum strongly shagreened. Lateral margins slightly rounded, with wide border; anterior margin not bordered at middle; posterior margin bisinuate. Posterolateral angles nearly rectangular. Pronotal punctation fine and sparse, distance between punctures equal to 2–3× their diameters. Length of prosternum equal to longitudinal eye length. Prosternum laterally strongly punctured, short setose; with several small carinae. Prosternal process not visible due to the structure of the amber. Procoxal cavities not visible due to the structure of the amber. Mesoventrite moderately sparsely punctate with punctures of various sizes, with short to moderately long setae. Metaventrite slightly convex in ventral aspect, with large, sparse punctures, distance between punctures equal to 2–4× their diameters.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6265B46DA874FFB3F6E1A365FD36F960" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Scutellar shield distinctly transverse, pentagonal with rounded angles, twice wider than long; scutellar surface very finely punctured. Hind wings not visible.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6265B46DA874FFB3F6E1A39DFDC6F888" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">
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Elytra elongate elliptical, widest at anterior one third, about 1.7× as long as combined width, 3.4× as long as pronotum; with marginal bead at base (with only weak rudiment of it present on humeral area). Elytral punctures coarse (larger than those on pronotum) and dense, arranged into non-impressed striae on elytral disc, confused apically. Interstriae flat, each with row of extremely fine secondary punctures. Elytral setae fine, short, shorter than intervening spaces between punctures in rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FAE1A8E8A874FFB3F480A20DFD54F8B4" box="[678,766,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1845,1869]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-74@3.[151,1436,309,1821]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photo: 1A. Body, dorsal view; 1B. Head and pronotum (frontal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11369891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11369891/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
), noticeable only on elytral apex. Epipleura well developed, complete, extending towards elytral apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6265B46DA874FFB2F6E1A245FE08FEE4" blockId="2.[151,1437,474,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="2" pageNumber="277">Legs short and slender, tarsi with 5 tarsomeres, not lobate. All coxae distinctly separated, pro- and mesocoxae semiglobular, metacoxae transverse, elongate-elliptical. Coxae, femora and tibiae finely and densely punctate. Femora rather robust, compressed laterally. Tibiae gradually dilated to apex, with apical fringe of short and narrow spinules, and two short terminal spurs. Tarsomeres 1–4 cylindrical; subequal in length, tarsomere 4 one third shorter than tarsomere 3. Metatarsomere 1 about one third longer than wide. Tarsomeres 1–3 not lobed beneath, pubescent ventrally with long, fine, dense, posteriad-directed setae. Metatarsomere 5 about as long as combined length of tarsomeres 2–4 (12:14).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="36A5E4E5A875FFB2F6BEA20BFC4FF8B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11369891" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11369891" box="[152,997,1845,1869]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11369891/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="278" startId="3.[152,255,1845,1869]" targetBox="[151,1436,309,1821]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="6265B46DA875FFB2F6BEA20BFC4FF8B4" blockId="3.[152,997,1845,1869]" box="[152,997,1845,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA875FFB2F6BEA20BFEB3F8B4" bold="true" box="[152,281,1845,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Photo: 1A. Body, dorsal view; 1B. Head and pronotum (frontal view).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="6265B46DA875FFB5F6E1A2A1FC8BFF2C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1951,2014]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,150,213]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA875FFB2F6E1A2A1FE9BF840" box="[199,305,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. With five visible, similarly articulated ventrites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FAE1A8E8A875FFB2F54DA2A1FC62F840" box="[875,968,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-52@4.[151,1436,237,1908]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photo: 2A. Ventral view. 2B. Head and pronotum (dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11369895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11369895/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="278">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
); covered with fine setigerous punctures, distance between punctures 1.5–3.0 times their diameters. Subcoxal lines in ventrite 1 not visible. Relative length (medially, including intercoxal process) ratios of ventrites 1–5: 26:17:17:17:13. Last visible abdominal sternite short. Abdominal apex with triangular ventral impression.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="36A5E4E5A872FFB5F6BEA2B5FC0FF85D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11369895" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11369895" box="[152,933,1931,1956]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11369895/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="279" startId="4.[152,255,1931,1955]" targetBox="[151,1436,237,1908]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="6265B46DA872FFB5F6BEA2B5FC0FF85D" blockId="4.[152,933,1931,1956]" box="[152,933,1931,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA872FFB5F6BEA2B5FEB2F85D" bold="true" box="[152,280,1931,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="279">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Photo: 2A. Ventral view. 2B. Head and pronotum (dorsal view).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="36A5E4E5A873FFB4F6BEA2B3FC8CF85C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11369897" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11369897" box="[152,806,1933,1957]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11369897/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="280" startId="5.[152,255,1933,1957]" targetBox="[167,1420,181,1899]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="6265B46DA873FFB4F6BEA2B3FC8CF85C" blockId="5.[152,806,1933,1957]" box="[152,806,1933,1957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA873FFB4F6BEA2B3FEB2F85C" bold="true" box="[152,280,1933,1957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="280">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Photo: 3A. Head, dorsally. 3B. Habitus illustration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2AC0E7E6A870FFB7F6E1A5A8FD32FA38" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="6265B46DA870FFB7F6E1A5A8FC60FE9D" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F6E1A5A8FE91FF49" bold="true" box="[199,315,150,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
A notably shortened fourth tarsomere compared to the third tarsomere is considered a stable character in extant basal erotylids. As stated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="064BC99CA870FFB7F41FA584FCF7FF2D" author="Yoshida, T. & Leschen, R. A. B." box="[569,861,186,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="273 - 282" refId="ref7419" refString="Yoshida, T. & Leschen, R. A. B. (2020) A new genus of Pharaxonothinae from Australia (Coleoptera: Erotylidae). Zootaxa, 4838 (2), 273 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4838.2.7" type="journal article" year="2020">Yoshida & Leschen (2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 274): “Among the more basal erotylids, only the xenosceline genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F74AA5E0FD8BFF01" authority="Reitter" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1880" box="[364,545,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Zavaljus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F74AA5E0FE66FF01" box="[364,460,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Zavaljus</emphasis>
|
||
Reitter
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F47FA5E0FD53FF01" authorityName="Yoshida & Leschen" authorityYear="2020" box="[601,761,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Australonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F47FA5E0FD53FF01" box="[601,761,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Australonotha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not have a strongly reduced tarsomere 4.” A long fourth tarsomere is shared with other fossil erotylids presently placed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F59BA43CFBFEFEE5" authorityName="Ganglbauer" authorityYear="1899" box="[957,1108,258,284]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Xenoscelinae">Xenoscelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and may simply represent a plesiomorphic state for all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F7E7A418FD93FEB9" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[449,569,294,320]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erotylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further phylogenetic work is needed to resolve the distinction and placement of extant and extinct members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F41FA474FD7AFE9D" authorityName="Ganglbauer" authorityYear="1899" box="[569,720,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Xenoscelinae">Xenoscelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F520A474FC6CFE9D" authorityName="Crowson" authorityYear="1952" box="[774,966,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pharaxonothinae">Pharaxonothinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6265B46DA870FFB7F6E1A450FEF8FD50" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F6E1A450FE06FE71" authority="Lyubarsky & Vasilenko & Perkovsky, 2024" authorityName="Lyubarsky & Vasilenko & Perkovsky" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,428,366,392]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Ceratonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F6E1A450FE06FE71" box="[199,428,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Ceratonotha danica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F791A450FDBFFE71" bold="true" box="[439,533,366,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4B9DD504A870FFB7F791A450FDBFFE71" box="[439,533,366,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from the only known representative of its subfamily found in amber,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F6B1A4ACFD10FE55" authority="(Alekseev & Bukejs, 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Alekseev & Bukejs" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[151,698,402,428]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mumia">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F6B1A4ACFED0FE55" box="[151,378,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Cycadophila mumia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="064BC99CA870FFB7F7ACA4ACFD18FE55" author="Alekseev, V. I. & Bukejs, A." box="[394,690,402,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="413 - 422" refId="ref4685" refString="Alekseev, V. I. & Bukejs, A. (2017) First fossil representatives of Pharaxonothinae Crowson (Coleoptera: Erotylidae): indirect evidence for cycads existence in Baltic amber forest. Zootaxa, 4337 (3), 413 - 422. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4337.3.6" type="journal article" year="2017">Alekseev & Bukejs, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the combination of the following characters: anterior pronotal border disconnected medially the comparatively smaller body (
|
||
<quantity id="A5221988A870FFB7F543A488FC14FE28" box="[869,958,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
versus
|
||
<quantity id="A5221988A870FFB7F230A488FB09FE29" box="[1046,1187,438,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" unit="mm" value="3.7" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="3.6">3.6–3.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
); the rather long head (from the anterior margin of the clypeus towards the line connecting the posterior margins of the eyes), approximately two thirds of the pronotal length; the antennomere three about one third longer than the next antennomere; the pronotal anterior margin weakly curved, not sinuate near the eye; the strongly shagreened pronotum; the pronotal sulci as long as one sixth of the pronotal length (
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F4E8A779FCBCFD99" box="[718,790,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">versus</emphasis>
|
||
one fourth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F59BA778FB08FD99" baseAuthorityName="Alekseev & Bukejs" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[957,1186,582,608]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mumia">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F59BA778FB08FD99" box="[957,1186,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Cycadophila mumia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); the uniformly dark-brown to black body (
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F7BAA755FE4EFD7D" box="[412,484,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">versus</emphasis>
|
||
uniformly ochraceous). The last abdominal ventrite is just a little longer than the penultimate one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6265B46DA870FFB7F6E1A78CFBCCFC5D" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
|
||
As far as can be seen, the fourth tarsomere in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F4F8A78DFCE7FD35" baseAuthorityName="Alekseev & Bukejs" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[734,845,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mumia">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F4F8A78DFCE7FD35" box="[734,845,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">C. mumia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slightly shorter compared to the third tarsomere. The same applies to the specimen No 578–1 [CCHH] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="064BC99CA870FFB7F4D9A7E8FB98FD09" author="Alekseev, V. I. & Bukejs, A." box="[767,1074,726,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="413 - 422" refId="ref4685" refString="Alekseev, V. I. & Bukejs, A. (2017) First fossil representatives of Pharaxonothinae Crowson (Coleoptera: Erotylidae): indirect evidence for cycads existence in Baltic amber forest. Zootaxa, 4337 (3), 413 - 422. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4337.3.6" type="journal article" year="2017">Alekseev and Bukejs 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, antennomeres of the flagellum in the specimen No 578-1 (which was considered partially destroyed and deformed) appear elongate, slenderer than those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F7BBA620FDD4FCC1" authorityName="Lyubarsky & Vasilenko & Perkovsky" authorityYear="2024" box="[413,638,798,824]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Ceratonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="danica">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F7BBA620FDD4FCC1" box="[413,638,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Ceratonotha danica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the tarsomeres are more strongly setose. Otherwise, in all generic level characters,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F77FA67CFD97FCA5" baseAuthorityName="Alekseev & Bukejs" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[345,573,834,860]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mumia">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F77FA67CFD97FCA5" box="[345,573,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Cycadophila mumia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and specimen No 578-1 [CCHH] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="064BC99CA870FFB7F5F5A67CFAA3FCA5" author="Alekseev, V. I. & Bukejs, A." box="[979,1289,834,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="413 - 422" refId="ref4685" refString="Alekseev, V. I. & Bukejs, A. (2017) First fossil representatives of Pharaxonothinae Crowson (Coleoptera: Erotylidae): indirect evidence for cycads existence in Baltic amber forest. Zootaxa, 4337 (3), 413 - 422. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4337.3.6" type="journal article" year="2017">Alekseev and Bukejs 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from Baltic amber are members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F433A658FD09FC79" authorityName="Lyubarsky & Vasilenko & Perkovsky" authorityYear="2024" box="[533,675,870,896]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Ceratonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F433A658FD09FC79" box="[533,675,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Ceratonotha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as defined above. Based on this,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F202A659FB38FC79" baseAuthorityName="Alekseev & Bukejs" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[1060,1170,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mumia">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F202A659FB9DFC78" box="[1060,1079,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F260A659FB38FC79" box="[1094,1170,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">mumia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here transferred into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F6B1A6B4FE8FFC5D" authorityName="Lyubarsky & Vasilenko & Perkovsky" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,293,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Ceratonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F6B1A6B4FE8FFC5D" box="[151,293,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Ceratonotha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, becoming
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F78EA6B4FC38FC5D" authority="(Alekseev and Bukejs)" authorityName="Lyubarsky & Vasilenko & Perkovsky" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Alekseev and Bukejs" box="[424,914,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Ceratonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mumia" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F78EA6B4FD23FC5D" box="[424,649,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Ceratonotha mumia</emphasis>
|
||
(Alekseev and Bukejs)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4B9DD504A870FFB7F5BBA6B5FBC9FC5D" box="[925,1123,906,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6265B46DA870FFB7F6E1A690FEF0FB59" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F767A691FE78FC30" box="[321,466,943,969]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F767A691FE78FC30" box="[321,466,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Ceratozamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently most species-rich in the Mesoamerican region. In addition, the most earlydiverging lineage of cycad-associated erotylid pharaxonothine beetles in the Americas is confined to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F6B1A6C9FDA0FBE9" authority="(Tang et al. 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Tang" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[151,522,1014,1041]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F6B1A6C9FE82FBE8" box="[151,296,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Ceratozamia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="064BC99CA870FFB7F71CA6C8FDA8FBE9" author="Tang, W. & Skelley, P. & Perez-Farrera, M. A." box="[314,514,1014,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="151 - 178" refId="ref6812" refString="Tang, W., Skelley, P. & Perez-Farrera, M. A. (2018) Ceratophila, a new genus of erotylid beetles (Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting male cones of the cycad Ceratozamia (Cycadales: Zamiaceae). Zootaxa, 4508 (2), 151 - 178. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4508.2.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Tang
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F758A6C9FE10FBE9" box="[382,442,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Interestingly, the majority of European Cenozoic cycad records belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F6B1A124FEBBFBCD" box="[151,273,1050,1076]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Zamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
—two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F7F8A125FDC5FBCC" box="[478,623,1051,1077]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F7F8A125FDC5FBCC" box="[478,623,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Ceratozamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="064BC99CA870FFB7F4A6A124FC60FBCD" author="Kvacek, Z. & Manchester, S. R." box="[640,970,1050,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="621 - 629" refId="ref5627" refString="Kvacek, Z. & Manchester, S. R. (1999) Eostangeria Barthel (extinct Cycadales) from the Paleogene of western North America and Europe. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 160, 621 - 629. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 314152" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Kvaček &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A01E7A8FA870FFB7F524A124FC2FFBCD" box="[770,901,1050,1076]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Manchester</collectingRegion>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="064BC99CA870FFB7F5FFA124FBDFFBCD" author="Kvacek, J." box="[985,1141,1050,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="231 - 247" refId="ref5577" refString="Kvacek, J. (2014) New fossil records of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from the European Oligocene and lower Miocene. Acta Palaeobotanica, 54 (2), 231 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / acpa- 2014 - 0012" type="journal article" year="2014">Kvaček 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="064BC99CA870FFB7F2A5A124FAFAFBCD" author="Coiro, M. & Allio, M. & Mazet, N. & Seyfullah, L. J. & Condamine, F. L." box="[1155,1360,1050,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="1616 - 1635" refId="ref5135" refString="Coiro, M., Allio, M., Mazet, N., Seyfullah, L. J. & Condamine, F. L. (2023) Reconciling fossils with phylogenies reveals the origin and macroevolutionary processes explaining the global cycad biodiversity. New Phytologist, 240 (4), 1616 - 1635. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / nph. 19010" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||
Coiro
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F2EBA125FAA3FBCD" box="[1229,1289,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). With extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F6C5A101FEDEFBA0" box="[227,372,1087,1113]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F6C5A101FEDEFBA0" box="[227,372,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Ceratozamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
requiring a beetle pollinator, the logical conclusion is that extinct European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F2E8A101FAF5FBA0" box="[1230,1375,1087,1113]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F2E8A101FAF5FBA0" box="[1230,1375,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Ceratozamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were also pollinated by erotylids. It is possible that a member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F51AA15CFC60FB85" authorityName="Lyubarsky & Vasilenko & Perkovsky" authorityYear="2024" box="[828,970,1122,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Ceratonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F51AA15CFC60FB85" box="[828,970,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Ceratonotha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was associated with cycads and possibly even a pollinator.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6265B46DA870FFB7F6E1A195FD32FA38" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
|
||
To better understand the relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F4BDA194FC83FB3D" authorityName="Lyubarsky & Vasilenko & Perkovsky" authorityYear="2024" box="[667,809,1194,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Ceratonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F4BDA194FC83FB3D" box="[667,809,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Ceratonotha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with extant cycad pollinating erotylid genera, it would be highly desirable to study male genitalia. Extant cycad associated genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F235A1F0FB65FB11" authorityName="Crowson" authorityYear="1952" box="[1043,1231,1230,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pharaxonothinae">Pharaxonothinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
each have unique modifications to the male genitalia. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F47FA1CCFD4AFAF5" box="[601,736,1266,1292]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F47FA1CCFD4AFAF5" box="[601,736,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Ceratophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the aedeagus and tegmen are laterally compressed—a shape typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F730A028FE24FAC9" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[278,398,1302,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erotylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not twisted but positioned upside down. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F5ADA028FBB0FAC9" box="[907,1050,1302,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F5ADA028FBB0FAC9" box="[907,1050,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Cycadophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are twisted like a corkscrew and positioned laterally in the abdomen when at rest. While in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F577A004FC5BFAAD" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[849,1009,1338,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F577A004FC5BFAAD" box="[849,1009,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Pharaxonotha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the male genitalia are also positioned upside down, but are dorso-ventrally flattened unlike other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5DACFEEA870FFB7F565A060FC12FA81" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[835,952,1374,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erotylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="064BC99CA870FFB7F5EEA060FB2DFA81" author="Tang, W. & Xu, G. & Marler, T. E. & Khuraijam, J. S. & Singh, R. & Lindstrom, A. J. & Radha, P. & Rich, S. & Nguyen, K. S. & Skelley, P." box="[968,1159,1374,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref6880" refString="Tang, W., Xu, G., Marler, T. E., Khuraijam, J. S., Singh, R., Lindstrom, A. J., Radha, P., Rich, S., Nguyen, K. S. & Skelley, P. (2020) Beetles (Coleoptera) in cones of cycads (Cycadales) of the northern hemisphere: diversity and evolution. Insecta Mundi, 0781, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="2020">
|
||
Tang
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F22DA061FBECFA81" box="[1035,1094,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and references therein). These shapes and orientations are interpreted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="064BC99CA870FFB7F4E4A0BDFC24FA65" author="Tang, W. & Xu, G. & Marler, T. E. & Khuraijam, J. S. & Singh, R. & Lindstrom, A. J. & Radha, P. & Rich, S. & Nguyen, K. S. & Skelley, P." box="[706,910,1410,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref6880" refString="Tang, W., Xu, G., Marler, T. E., Khuraijam, J. S., Singh, R., Lindstrom, A. J., Radha, P., Rich, S., Nguyen, K. S. & Skelley, P. (2020) Beetles (Coleoptera) in cones of cycads (Cycadales) of the northern hemisphere: diversity and evolution. Insecta Mundi, 0781, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="2020">
|
||
Tang
|
||
<emphasis id="50AE687FA870FFB7F524A0BDFC91FA65" box="[770,827,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as possible adaptations for mating in the tight confines typically found in male cycad cones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |