153 lines
15 KiB
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153 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.740.242226" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c1d48a5-301b-4814-b840-24335f2504c7" ID-PMC="PMC5904485" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-740-35" ID-PubMed="29674887" ID-ZBK="F7725957DDDA4937828ECE6BBAC90ECF" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-740-35" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 740" ModsDocTitle="A new species of Cotesia Cameron (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) reared from the hickory horned devil, Citheroniaregalis, and luna moth, Actiasluna, in east Texas" checkinTime="1519774905980" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Whitfield, James B., Jr., Robert J. Nuelle & III, Robert J. Nuelle" docDate="2018" docId="C9BC48C9379670974774F6143D7D96D6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 740: 35-44" docOrigin="ZooKeys 740" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.740.242226" docTitle="Cotesia nuellorum Whitfield, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="1DEC4342-CBC6-444E-A0AF-6057B804C131" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="FF811A21FFC624304F634442AD2BF246" masterDocTitle="A new species of Cotesia Cameron (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) reared from the hickory horned devil, Citheroniaregalis, and luna moth, Actiasluna, in east Texas" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1668165486418" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Cotesia Cameron (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) reared from the hickory horned devil, Citheroniaregalis, and luna moth, Actiasluna, in east Texas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Whitfield, James B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jr., Robert J. Nuelle</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>III, Robert J. Nuelle</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>740</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>35</mods:start>
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<mods:end>44</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.740.242226</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.740.242226</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-740-35</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">F7725957DDDA4937828ECE6BBAC90ECF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F7725957DDDA4937828ECE6BBAC90ECF</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="141242967" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1DEC4342-CBC6-444E-A0AF-6057B804C131" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C9BC48C9379670974774F6143D7D96D6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/1DEC4342-CBC6-444E-A0AF-6057B804C131" authority="Whitfield" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia nuellorum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuellorum">Cotesia nuellorum Whitfield</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="38">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 3, 4-7
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">The original habitat is located within the Sam Houston National Forest, Walker County, Texas, near Stubblefield Lake Recreational area 338 feet AMSL (Lat: 30.524930 Lon: -95.622750 Accuracy: 10 m). This area is described as Pineywoods: Pine Forest or Plantation, according to the Texas Parks and Wildlife; Texas Ecosystem Analytical Mapper (TPWDT.E.A.M.) application. It is in a managed National Forest and is subject to occasional fire events. This successional area contains sweetgum, hickory, oak and various conifers as dominant trees. Many of the deciduous trees are relatively short (less than 6 feet tall) near the borders of roads and trails, and the generally open forest floor is thus highly convenient for sampling caterpillars.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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Female deposited in USNM. TEXAS: Walker Co., Sam Houston National Forest, nr. Stubblefield Lake, 30.524930, -95.622750, October 2014, 100 m. elev., coll. R. J. Nuelle, Jr. and R. J. Nuelle, III, ex larva
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Citheronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Citheronia regalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">Citheronia regalis</taxonomicName>
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on sweetgum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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4 females, 1 male with same data as holotype, plus 26 females, 7 males (deposited in CNC, INHS, SHSU, TAMUIC, UWIM (Laramie)) from: TEXAS: Walker Co., Sam Houston National Forest, Stubblefield Lake, ex. larva
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Actias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actias luna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luna">Actias luna</taxonomicName>
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on sweetgum, em. 21-22-X-2012, coll. R. S. Peigler.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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Female. Body color: body mostly dark except palps, portions of legs (see below) and ventral portions of anterior laterotergites. Antenna color: scape black, pedicel dark brown, flagellum dark brown/black. Coxae color (pro-, meso, metacoxa): honey yellow; honey-yellow; black proximally, shading to medium brown distally. Femora color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): honey-yellow; honey-yellow; honey-yellow with smoky spot dorsally near distal end. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): honey-yellow; honey-yellow; honey-yellow with darkened extreme distal end. Tegula and humeral complex color: tegula dark brown translucent, humeral complex dark brown translucent (both slightly more translucent and paler in males). Pterostigma color: dark greyish brown, with indistinct paler junction with C+SC. Fore wing veins color: partially pigmented (a few veins may be dark but most are pale - see figure for pattern). Antenna length/body length: antenna approximately as long as body (head to apex of metasoma). Body in lateral view: not distinctly flattened
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<normalizedToken originalValue="dorso–ventrally">dorso-ventrally</normalizedToken>
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. Body length (head to apex of metasoma): 2.0-2.2 mm. Fore wing length: 2.2-2.4 mm.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ocular–ocellar">Ocular-ocellar</normalizedToken>
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line/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.3-2.5. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0-2.2. Antennal flagellomerus 2 length/width: 2.9-3.1. Antennal flagellomerus 14 length/width: 1.9-2.1. Length of flagellomerus 2/length of flagellomerus 14: 2.1-2.3. Metafemur length/width: 3.2-3.3. Metatibia inner spur length/metabasitarsus length: 0.4-0.5, about 10% longer than outer spur. Anteromesoscutum: mostly with shallow, dense punctures (separated by less than 2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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maximum diameter), but with polished and virtually punctureless strip near scutoscutellar sulcus. Mesoscutellar disc: mostly punctured but sometimes indistinctly so. Number of pits in scutoscutellar sulcus: 9 or 10. Propodeal carinae: strong medial longitudinal carina, vague hints of a transverse carina both otherwise rugose, especially medially and anteriorly. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 0.9-1.1. Mediotergite 1 shape: barrel-shaped, broadest in posterior 0.2. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: mostly sculptured, albeit shallowly, otherwise shiny, especially anteriorly. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/length: 2.0-2.2. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: punctate/rugose, but shinier and smoother laterally. Outer margin of hypopygium: evenly sclerotized, posterior margin reaching tip of metasoma and forming a shallow even convex curve. Ovipositor thickness: evenly narrowing towards tip. Ovipositor sheaths exerted but visible portion shorter than hypopygium length. Length of fore wing veins r/2RS: 1.1-1.2. Length of fore wing veins 2RS/2M: 1.1-1.3. Length of fore wing veins 2M/(RS+M)b: 0.9-1.0. Pterostigma length/width: 3.1-3.5. Point of insertion of vein r in pterostigma: at roughly half way point length of pterostigma. Angle of vein r with fore wing anterior margin: nearly perpendicular, slightly inclined towards fore wing apex. Shape of junction of veins r and 2RS in fore wing: distinctly but not strongly angled.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Male. As female but with slightly darker legs, more polished tergites and sometimes more translucent and paler tegulae. Body size usually about 10 % smaller than female.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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Figures 4-7. 4 Lateral habitus photo of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia nuellorum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuellorum">Cotesia nuellorum</taxonomicName>
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female 5 Dorsal habitus photo of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia nuellorum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuellorum">Cotesia nuellorum</taxonomicName>
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female 6 lateral view of posterior end of metasoma of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. nuellorum" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="nuellorum">C. nuellorum</taxonomicName>
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, showing hypopygium and ovipositor sheaths 7 Wings of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. nuellorum" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="nuellorum">C. nuellorum</taxonomicName>
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female.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="molecular data">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Molecular data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="38">
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None yet recorded. A broad sample of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cotesia</taxonomicName>
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reared from various larger Nearctic saturniids would be useful to clarify how distinct the parasitoid species are both in terms of host specificity and in terms of geographic distribution. In Costa Rica, where the diversity of
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<taxonomicName family="Saturniidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" rank="family">Saturniidae</taxonomicName>
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is higher, the host specificity, at least to host genus, appears high (
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, MA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" pagination="12359 - 12364" title="Extreme diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps exposed by iterative integration of natural history, DNA barcoding, morphology, and collections." url="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805319105" volume="105" year="2008">Smith et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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; Janzen and Hallwachs 2017).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="39" start="start">Biology</pageBreakToken>
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/ecology.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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Gregarious (Fig. 3) on early instar larvae of host. Host:
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<taxonomicName family="Saturniidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="family">Saturniidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Ceratocampinae">Ceratocampinae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Citheronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Citheronia regalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">Citheronia regalis</taxonomicName>
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(F.) and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Saturniinae">Saturniinae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Actias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actias luna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luna">Actias luna</taxonomicName>
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(L.). 4th and 5th instar larvae do not appear to serve as hosts, as with some other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cotesia</taxonomicName>
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parasitizing large
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<taxonomicName family="Sphingidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="family">Sphingidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Saturniidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="family">Saturniidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Known so far only from Texas but likely to be much more widely distributed.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="ecologically and/or morphologically similar species">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Ecologically and/or morphologically similar species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Table 1 provides a comparison of the species so far known from saturniids in North America.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">This species is named by JBW for the original discoverers, Robert J. Nuelle, Jr. and Robert J. Nuelle, III.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |