221 lines
26 KiB
XML
221 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="32EE1556025DDB07A2C336587720852D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3949.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="048ff42f-791d-400d-9b19-95b86a9935c3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="288389" ID-ZooBank="51B3DE82-6661-42D4-9095-84E518E9BDF8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461045071673" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Wang, Qiang & Tschorsnig, Hans-Peter" docDate="2015" docId="BC6B9C11FF894046CDF6C8B7FF60FB34" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03949p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3949 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy 1830" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="4052E469FF8B4045CD61CC1DFF81FF97" masterDocTitle="A review of Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy of the eastern Palearctic and Oriental regions (Diptera: Tachinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698576558084" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B2BE5A0BEEC0C12AF9745E1325393E7F">A review of Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy of the eastern Palearctic and Oriental regions (Diptera: Tachinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="54B60AC2315B86128035DF61B4C3F5F5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="620291E18CE1F3BBBE58F52CC322237F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3528315047AE279FEC0443EAB4DAA21D">Zhang, Chun-Tian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="30A26E32ECE640F0558C104EB35E2D14">Shima, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8CE30BBBDD6D7C6AF4C1C7203CA09195">Wang, Qiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="211A9036730382186C0996891A5A329E">Tschorsnig, Hans-Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5953B7515E964EB39381C13FCE40CD0F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9963A5E6C0C4F7CD3F6725DADE05A590">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D8E9D54569C330969807D1C2B11F11B7">3949</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BE9159ADB6CBAF0F2B96FA905FAE5B36" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3949.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="BC6B9C11FF894046CDF6C8B7FF60FB34" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6113299" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127691211" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6113299" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC6B9C11FF894046CDF6C8B7FF60FB34" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC6B9C11FF894046CDF6C8B7FF60FB34" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="7CD87E8CFF894047CDF6C8B7FDB0FB52" box="[151,561,1194,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="347D2D07FF894047CDF6C8B7FDB0FB52" blockId="2.[151,561,1194,1221]" box="[151,561,1194,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="6F359A6BFF894047CDF6C8B7FDB0FB52" bold="true" box="[151,561,1194,1221]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF894047CDF6C8B7FDB0FB52" ID-CoL="62G83" ID-ENA="701468" authority="Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,561,1194,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Billaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF894047CDF6C8B7FDB0FB52" bold="true" box="[151,561,1194,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF894047CDF6C8B7FF6CFB53" bold="true" box="[151,237,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Billaea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="505350F6FF894047CD95C8B6FDB0FB52" author="Robineau-Desvoidy" box="[244,561,1195,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Robineau-Desvoidy, J. B. (1830) Essai sur les myodaires. Memoires presentes par divers Savans l'Academie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France. Sciences Mathematiques et Physiques, Series 2, 2, 1 - 813." type="journal article" year="1830">Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7CD87E8CFF894047CDF6C8ECFE54FAF4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="347D2D07FF894047CDF6C8ECFD96FAB1" blockId="2.[151,1436,1265,1379]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="14D20A29FF894047CDF6C8ECFD96FAB1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF894047CDF6C8ECFDACFA90" ID-CoL="62G83" authority="Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 328" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityPageNumber="328" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,557,1265,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Billaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF894047CDF6C8ECFF61FA90" box="[151,224,1265,1287]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Billaea</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="B5630B16FF894047CD88C8ECFDACFA90" author="Robineau-Desvoidy" box="[233,557,1265,1287]" page="328" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1830">
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<bibRefCitation id="505350F6FF894047CD88C8ECFE76FA90" author="Robineau-Desvoidy" box="[233,503,1265,1287]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Robineau-Desvoidy, J. B. (1830) Essai sur les myodaires. Memoires presentes par divers Savans l'Academie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France. Sciences Mathematiques et Physiques, Series 2, 2, 1 - 813." type="journal article" year="1830">Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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: 328
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="EB7993A5FF894047CF58C8EFFDEAFA90" box="[569,619,1266,1287]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF894047CFACC8ECFBF2FA90" ID-CoL="5WLF6" authority="Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[717,1139,1265,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Billaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grisea">
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF894047CFACC8ECFCDEFA90" box="[717,863,1265,1287]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Billaea grisea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="505350F6FF894047CE09C8ECFBF2FA90" author="Robineau-Desvoidy" box="[872,1139,1265,1287]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Robineau-Desvoidy, J. B. (1830) Essai sur les myodaires. Memoires presentes par divers Savans l'Academie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France. Sciences Mathematiques et Physiques, Series 2, 2, 1 - 813." type="journal article" year="1830">Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF894047C9FDC8EFFF7CFAB1" ID-CoL="8BRR8" authority="Meigen, 1826" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1826" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Dexia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinata">
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF894047C9FDC8EFFABEFA90" box="[1180,1343,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Dexia pectinata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="505350F6FF894047C829C8ECFF7CFAB1" author="Meigen" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1826) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Funfter Theil. Schulz. Hamm, xii + 412 pp. + pls. 42 - 54." type="book chapter" year="1826">Meigen, 1826</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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), by monotypy [Palearctic].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="347D2D07FF894047CDF6C933FE54FAF4" blockId="2.[151,1436,1265,1379]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Synonyms. See
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<bibRefCitation id="505350F6FF894047CC5FC933FD19FAD3" author="Herting" box="[318,664,1326,1348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Herting, B. & Dely-Draskovits,. (1993) Family Tachinidae. In: Soos,. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 13. Anthomyiidae - Tachinidae. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, pp. 118 - 458." type="book" year="1993">Herting & Dely-Draskovits 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 356 for the genus and references prior to 1993.—
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<bibRefCitation id="505350F6FF894047C9C8C933FACBFAD3" author="Crosskey" box="[1193,1354,1326,1348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Crosskey, R. W. (1976) A taxonomic conspectus of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of the Oriental Region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Supplement, 26, 1 - 357." type="journal article" year="1976">Crosskey 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 177.—
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<bibRefCitation id="505350F6FF894047CDA6C950FE2DFAF4" author="O'Hara" box="[199,428,1357,1379]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="O'Hara, J. E. & Wood, D. M. (2004) Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of America north of Mexico. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 18, 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2004">O’Hara & Wood 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 22.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7CD87E8CFF894046CDF6C992FE8BFDA8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="347D2D07FF894047CDF6C992FE89FA5A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1423,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF894047CDF6C992FE90FA3F" bold="true" box="[151,273,1423,1448]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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See characters of
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<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF894047CC8FC992FDBEFA3F" box="[494,575,1423,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Billaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF894047CC8FC992FDBEFA3F" box="[494,575,1423,1448]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Billaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Introduction. Pregonite long and bent posteriorly, distiphallus long plate-like.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="347D2D07FF894047CDA6C9CAFF4EF97A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1423,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF894047CDA6C9CAFDA2FA67" bold="true" box="[199,547,1495,1520]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Generic redescription. Head.</emphasis>
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Vertex of male 0.12–0.25, female 0.28–0.4 of head width; fronto-orbital plate with dense fine hairs outside row of frontal setae; genal height 0.3–0.7 of eye height and at least as long as flagellomere 1; parafacial usually bare, rarely haired, parallel-sided, 2–3 times as wide as flagellomere 1; facial carina often low or undeveloped, sometimes developed and distinct (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF894047CEB3CA58FBDBF9CB" box="[978,1114,1605,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Dexia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinata">
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF894047CEB3CA58FBDBF9CB" box="[978,1114,1605,1628]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">B. pectinata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with high and pointed facial carina); male usually without outer vertical seta; vibrissa inserted above or at lower margin of face; occiput with 1– 4 rows of black hairs behind postocular setae. Antenna falling short of lower margin of face by 0.3–1 times length of antenna, flagellomere 1 1.5–4.5 times as long as pedicel; arista pubescent or plumose; palpus developed. Eye bare.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="347D2D07FF894046CDA6CAEAFBC6FF43" blockId="2.[151,1437,1423,2030]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,1187]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF894047CDA6CAEAFEA7F887" bold="true" box="[199,294,1783,1808]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Prosternum bare, 1.5–3 times as long as wide; proepisternum haired, katepimeron usually haired on anterior 1/2; postpronotal lobe with 2–5 setae; 3–4 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; scutellum with 3–4 pairs of marginal and 2–6 short discal setae; 1 strong anepimeral seta, 2 or 3 katepisternal setae. Posterior spiracle with anterior and posterior lappets unequal in size, posterior lappet subcircular.
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF894047C90BCB79FB30F8EA" bold="true" box="[1130,1201,1892,1917]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Wing.</emphasis>
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Second costal sector bare ventrally, costal spine absent; base of vein R4+5 with 2–3 short black hairs on dorsal and ventral surfaces; cell r4+5 usually open, bend of vein M angulated, usually with a short appendix.
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF894047CEB9CBB3FB96F850" bold="true" box="[984,1047,1966,1991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Legs.</emphasis>
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Medium in length, fore tarsi about as long as, sometimes longer than head height; fore tibia with 1–2 posterior setae, mid tibia with 2–3 anterodorsal setae, hind tibia usually with a comb-like row of anterodorsal setae of rather uniform length, male sometimes and female with 1–3 strong anterodorsal setae among them, and 2 preapical dorsal setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="347D2D07FF884046CDA6CCC2FC38FE38" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1187]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF884046CDA6CCC2FEC2FF6F" bold="true" box="[199,323,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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Syntergite 1+2 medially excavated to posterior margin, usually without, sometimes with median marginal setae in both sexes; tergites 3 and 4 without median discal setae; tergites 4 and 5 each with a row of marginal setae.
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF884046CC2CCD37FD99FED4" bold="true" box="[333,536,298,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Male terminalia.</emphasis>
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Sternite 5 usually with wide and blunt posterior lobe, median cleft wide and deep. Surstylus often rounded at apex; cerci strongly narrowed and pointed at distal half; pregonite long and bent posteriorly; postgonite shorter than or equal to basiphallus; distiphallus with long plate-like sclerotized dorsal and membranous ventral part and narrow and long membranous apical part.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="347D2D07FF884046CDA6CDA7FE8BFDA8" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1187]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF884046CDA6CDA7FE90FE44" bold="true" box="[199,273,442,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hosts.</emphasis>
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The larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046CCD2CDA7FD85FE44" box="[435,516,442,467]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Billaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="06B6F115FF884046CCD2CDA7FD85FE44" box="[435,516,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Billaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are parasitic on coleopteran larvae dwelling in rotten wood, such as
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<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046C860CDA7FA19FE44" box="[1281,1432,442,467]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scarabaeidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046CDF6CDC3FE91FE60" box="[151,272,478,503]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cetoniidae</taxonomicName>
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or some
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<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046CCE4CDC3FDABFE60" box="[389,554,478,503]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
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, or they develop in wood-boring larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046C94BCDC3FB4EFE60" box="[1066,1231,478,503]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
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, or—rarely—also some
|
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<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046CDBBCE1FFEF9FD8C" box="[218,376,514,539]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046CCC0CE1FFDA6FD8C" box="[417,551,514,539]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buprestidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="505350F6FF884046CF57CE1FFD53FD8C" author="Herting" box="[566,722,514,539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Herting, B. (1960) Biologie der westpalaarktischen Raupenfliegen. Dipt., Tachinidae. Monographien zur angewandten Entomologie, 16, 1 - 188." type="journal article" year="1960">Herting 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 127;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="505350F6FF884046CE79CE1FFC2BFD8C" author="Mesnil" box="[792,938,514,539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Mesnil, L. P. (1980) 64 f. Dexiinae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 1 - 52." type="book chapter" year="1980">Mesnil 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 4;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="505350F6FF884046CEB5CE1FFA8FFD8C" author="Tschorsnig" box="[980,1294,514,539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Tschorsnig, H. - P. & Herting, B. (1994) Die Raupenfliegen (Diptera: Tachinidae) Mitteleuropas. Bestimmungstabellen und Angaben zur Verbreitung und Okologie der einzelnen Arten. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 506, 1 - 170." type="journal article" year="1994">Tschorsnig & Herting 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 156;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="505350F6FF884046C835CE1FFF55FDA8" author="Shima" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Shima, H. (2006) A host-parasite catalog of Tachinidae (Diptera) of Japan. Makunagi / Acta Dipterologica, 2 (Supplement), 1 - 171." type="journal article" year="2006">Shima 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7CD87E8CFF884046CDA6CE57FE0BFD10" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="347D2D07FF884046CDA6CE57FE0BFD10" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1187]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="06B6F115FF884046CDA6CE57FEE1FDF4" bold="true" box="[199,352,586,611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Worldwide: Afrotropical, Palearctic, Oriental, Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="505350F6FF884046CDFECE72FEB4FD10" author="O'Hara" box="[159,309,623,647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="O'Hara, J. E. (2013) Where in the world are all the tachinid genera? The Tachinid Times, 26, 10 - 16." type="journal article" year="2013">O’Hara 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="505350F6FF884046CC20CE72FEFFFD10" author="O'Hara" box="[321,382,623,647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="O'Hara, J. E. (2014) World genera of the Tachinidae (Diptera) and their regional occurrence. Version 8.0. PDF document, 87 pp. Available from: http: // www. nadsdiptera. org / Tach / WorldTachs / Genera / Worldgenera. htm (accessed 10 November 2014)" type="book" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7CD87E8CFF884046CDA6CE8FFF60FB34" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="347D2D07FF884046CDA6CE8FFF60FB34" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1187]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="06B6F115FF884046CDA6CE8FFEBAFD3C" bold="true" box="[199,315,658,683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046CC23CE8FFE12FD3C" box="[322,403,658,683]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Billaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06B6F115FF884046CC23CE8FFE12FD3C" box="[322,403,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Billaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to have no apomorphic characters to support its monophyly at present. However, it is practically distinguished from other genera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046CF96CEABFCCAFD58" box="[759,843,694,719]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Dexiini">Dexiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
by some combination of characters. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046CDF6CEC1FEBBFD64" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[151,314,730,755]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Dexia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06B6F115FF884046CDF6CEC1FF5BFD64" box="[151,218,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dexia</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by second costal section of the wing bare ventrally and facial carina usually undeveloped, and differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046CC4DCEE3FDF7FC80" authority="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" box="[300,630,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Estheria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06B6F115FF884046CC4DCEE3FE0AFC80" box="[300,395,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Estheria</emphasis>
|
||
Robineau-Desvoidy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the proepisternum haired and abdominal tergites 3 and 4 lacking median discal setae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046CC1FCF3FFE4EFCAC" box="[382,463,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Billaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06B6F115FF884046CC1FCF3FFE4EFCAC" box="[382,463,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Billaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046CFD7CF39FC6DFCAC" authority="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" box="[694,1004,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Dinera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06B6F115FF884046CFD7CF39FC84FCAC" box="[694,773,804,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dinera</emphasis>
|
||
Robineau-Desvoidy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in morphological characters including the male terminalia. Some species, especially those of females, have rather intermediate characters between both genera, such as hind tibia of some males and most females with 1–3 stronger setae among a row of irregular and dense anterodorsal setae, and fore tarsi slightly longer than head height, vertex of male about 1/7 of head width.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046CDF6CFAFFF69FC5C" box="[151,232,946,971]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Billaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06B6F115FF884046CDF6CFAFFF69FC5C" box="[151,232,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Billaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046CF45CFA9FDF2FC5C" box="[548,627,948,971]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Dinera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06B6F115FF884046CF45CFA9FDF2FC5C" box="[548,627,948,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dinera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having some dense minute hairs on fronto-orbital plate, facial carina usually low and undeveloped, fore tarsi about as long as head height, but these may also be variable in some species, and the hosts of the two genera are different. It is possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046CED2CFE7FB85FB84" box="[947,1028,1018,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Billaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06B6F115FF884046CED2CFE7FB85FB84" box="[947,1028,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Billaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is combined with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3C25684FF884046C9B3CFE1FAA0FB84" box="[1234,1313,1020,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Dinera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06B6F115FF884046C9B3CFE1FAA0FB84" box="[1234,1313,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dinera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a single genus when bare second costal section of the wing and haired proepisternum are considered as apomorphic characters to support their monophyly. The systematic relationship of these genera has not been solved in our study of phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters, and it will be well explained by molecular studies in the future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |