1287 lines
177 KiB
XML
1287 lines
177 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D2F619D52CBB10FE1FDABC181AC50C82">Redescription of the Chilean angel shark Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) (Squatiniformes, Squatinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="523BB0830A8957CA9660B3D93E9DA5C6">Kraft, Sebastián</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="94F79E79BAEE260D698CD4279DD91D6E">Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005 - 139 Faro, Portugal. & Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3744B0C1FB96079E15BF723BB67F4087" type="email">sebakraft@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0738702CE034E75ADF9273A5AB44D871">Fernández-Cisternas, Ítalo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="111C28EC5035932CB0EACA2FF28CE797">Subtidal Ecology Laboratory, Departamento de Ecología, Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114 - D, Santiago, Chile. & Millennium Nucleus for the Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Mesophotic Reef Ecosystem (NUTME), Las Cruces, Valparaíso, Chile.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="93B73AB5DDBD59A6C2A20F46C62619EC" type="email">itfernandez@uc.cl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E8C1DE2CBB7181C8D23F18EBD1175E32">Araya, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="75114DFECCE0D5D51447B7F66BA2788B">Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Área de Biología Marina y Acuicultura, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="879C0482731183B3D93F555DD561FA0D" type="email">maraya@unap.cl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8C18D76EE4E66C17D38FC6797554AD4C">Concha, Francisco J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D8BEEC3D208B731E446A25D655A92C8E">Laboratorio de Biología y Conservación de Condrictios, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Borgoño 16344, Viña del Mar, Chile. & Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales, CIGREN, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D2D7226421F1834833C67BDBCF218216" type="email">francisco.concha@uv.cl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="88DED5D392ED3A645B7B2C64C45BCB0F">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="BC231E11FFECFFD7FDE821197D5CFB5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11069321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11069321" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC231E11FFECFFD7FDE821197D5CFB5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC231E11FFECFFD7FDE821197D5CFB5D" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">
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<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFECFFC2FDE821197F9CF98E" ID-CoL="6ZFF5" authority="(Philippi, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[596,991,1539,1565]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
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<emphasis id="06FE7315FFECFFC2FDE821197F5DF98E" bold="true" box="[596,798,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">Squatina armata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="501BD2F6FFECFFC2FC9221197F94F98E" author="Philippi" box="[814,983,1539,1565]" firstAuthor="Philippi" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" pagination="535 - 574" refId="ref14329" refString="Philippi R. A. 1887. Historia natural: sobre los tiburones i algunos otros peces de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile (1887) 71 (seccion 1): 535 - 574. Available from https: // doi. org / 10.5354 / 0717 - 8883.1887.23750 [accessed 15 Apr. 2024] -" type="journal article" year="1887">Philippi, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="7C90FC8CFFECFFC2FD08213C7FC3F9D3" box="[692,896,1574,1600]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3435AF07FFECFFC2FD08213C7FC3F9D3" blockId="5.[596,991,1539,1600]" box="[692,896,1574,1600]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">
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<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFECFFC2FD08213C7F5EF9D3" box="[692,797,1574,1600]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStart-6="Fig" captionStartId-0="9.[191,234,1963,1989]" captionStartId-1="10.[191,234,1963,1989]" captionStartId-2="11.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionStartId-3="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionStartId-4="13.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionStartId-5="14.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionStartId-6="16.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox-0="[221,1369,439,1843]" captionTargetBox-1="[194,1398,1083,1889]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1396,292,1746]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1398,465,1840]" captionTargetBox-4="[213,1347,879,1810]" captionTargetBox-5="[190,1390,824,1806]" captionTargetId-0="figure-65@9.[189,1398,430,1923]" captionTargetId-1="figure-293@10.[189,1398,1076,1915]" captionTargetId-2="figure-14@11.[189,1398,283,1746]" captionTargetId-3="figure-67@12.[189,1398,465,1840]" captionTargetId-4="figure-199@13.[189,1398,868,1878]" captionTargetId-5="figure-184@14.[189,1398,824,1806]" captionTargetId-6="figure-14@15.[189,1398,300,1982]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-3="12" captionTargetPageId-4="13" captionTargetPageId-5="14" captionTargetPageId-6="15" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (1004 mm total length; MNHNCL ICT 7625), fresh specimen. a. Dorsal view. b. Ventral view." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), illustration of the left anterior nasal flap. a. Anterior barbel. b. Median barbel. c. Posterior barbel. Illustrations by IFC." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dorsal thorns. a. Patches of thorns on head forming three pairs; one pair on internarinal space (left one marked a1), second patch on pre-orbital area (a2), third patch on postorbital area (a3), two pairs of interspiracle thorns (a4). b. Single patch of 91–93 thorns on apex of each pectoral fin; thorns hooked, inwardly curved. c. Close-up of a pectoral fin thorn. d. 36 dorsal hooked thorns forming a single row: one medial-dorsal thorn anterior to pelvic girdle followed by 30 caudal thorns and 5 interdorsal thorns (not shown)." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dermal denticle shapes and patterns. a. Rostral area, frontal view. b. Interorbital area. c–d. Medial-dorsal denticles in frontal (c) and lateral (d) views. e. Caudal area, la" captionText-4="Fig. 5. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), adult ♂, obtained from the fishmarket of Higuerillas, central Chile, date of capture 18 Mar. 2020 (collection code CCM-1228, Chondrolab, Universidad deValparaíso). Close up of individual teeth not to scale." captionText-5="Fig. 6. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) (voucher MNHNCL ICT 7626), clasper morphology.a. External. b–c. Skeletal dorsal (b) and ventral (c) views. Abbreviations: acd = accessory dorsal marginal cartilage; ap = apopyle; ax =axial cartilage; cg = clasper groove; cgl = clasper glans; crh = cover rhipidion; dm = dorsal marginal; dt = dorsal terminal; dt2 = dorsal terminal 2; gcr = globular cartilaginous rod; hyp = hypopyle; rh = rhipidion; vm = ventral marginal cartilage; vt = ventral terminal; vt2 = ventral terminal 2." captionText-6="Fig. 7 (see previous page). Neighbour-Joining tree of the angel shark CO1, 16S and NADH2 sequences included in this study. Non-American species reduced to one sequence per species for illustrative purposes. Approximate geographic distributions of the species are colour-coded. Sampling location and position in the NJ tree of the Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) vouchers MNHNCL ICT 7625 (neotype) and MNHNCL ICT 7626 are indicated with orange circles." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066561" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066563" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066565" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066567" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066569" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066571" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11069319" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11066561/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11066563/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11066565/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/11066567/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/11066569/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/11066571/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/11069319/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">Figs 1–7</figureCitation>
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;
|
||
<tableCitation id="79089ABCFFECFFC2FC95213C7FC3F9D3" box="[809,896,1574,1600]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[189,259,265,291]" captionText="Table 1. Table of body measurements of Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) and other species of angel sharks. Measurements of the neotype and voucher specimen were done to the nearest millimeter and are also represented as a percentage of the total length (% TL). Measurements with an asterisk indicate cases when a lower sample size was used because of measurements that only apply to males, and the number of individuals used is at the top of each column. All measurements were done on the fresh specimens except for those in grey (total length was measured again, 992 mm TL for MNHNCL ICT 7625 and 1036 mm for MNHNCL ICT 7626). Some measurements of S. californica Ayres, 1859 were converted from inches and some of S. armata and S. californica transformed from fractions to percentages." pageId="5" pageNumber="117">Table 1</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7C90FC8CFFECFFC2FF01217D7FFAF912" box="[189,953,1639,1666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3435AF07FFECFFC2FF01217D7FFAF912" blockId="5.[189,953,1639,1666]" box="[189,953,1639,1666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">
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<treatmentCitation id="B52B8916FFECFFC2FF01217D7E08F911" author="Philippi R. A." box="[189,587,1639,1666]" page="561" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" year="1887">
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<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFECFFC2FF01217D7E08F911" authority="Philippi, 1887: 561" authorityName="Philippi" authorityPageNumber="561" authorityYear="1887" box="[189,587,1639,1666]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinidae" genus="Rhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinopristiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
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<emphasis id="06FE7315FFECFFC2FF01217D7D1CF912" box="[189,351,1639,1665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">Rhina armata</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="501BD2F6FFECFFC2FEDA217D7E08F911" author="Philippi" box="[358,587,1639,1666]" firstAuthor="Philippi" page="561" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" pagination="535 - 574" refId="ref14329" refString="Philippi R. A. 1887. Historia natural: sobre los tiburones i algunos otros peces de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile (1887) 71 (seccion 1): 535 - 574. Available from https: // doi. org / 10.5354 / 0717 - 8883.1887.23750 [accessed 15 Apr. 2024] -" type="journal article" year="1887">Philippi, 1887: 561</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="EB3111A5FFECFFC2FDEA21727ED3F911" box="[598,656,1640,1666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">Type</typeStatus>
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||
Locality: Iquique,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4C9DEF97FFECFFC2FCCD217D7FF7F912" box="[881,948,1639,1665]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7C90FC8CFFECFFC2FF0121B37F0BF962" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="3435AF07FFECFFC2FF0121B37D3FF950" blockId="5.[189,380,1705,1731]" box="[189,380,1705,1731]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">
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<heading id="6F7D186BFFECFFC2FF0121B37D3FF950" bold="true" box="[189,380,1705,1731]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="06FE7315FFECFFC2FF0121B37D3FF950" bold="true" box="[189,380,1705,1731]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">Common name</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3435AF07FFECFFC2FF0121CD7F0BF962" blockId="5.[189,840,1751,1777]" box="[189,840,1751,1777]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">“Angelote” (Spanish), “Chilean angel shark” (English).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7C90FC8CFFECFFC1FF0120037DD6FE62" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3435AF07FFECFFC2FF0120037DE9F8A0" blockId="5.[189,426,1817,1843]" box="[189,426,1817,1843]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<heading id="6F7D186BFFECFFC2FF0120037DE9F8A0" bold="true" box="[189,426,1817,1843]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFECFFC2FF0120037DE9F8A0" bold="true" box="[189,426,1817,1843]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFECFFC2FF56205D7FE2F85F" blockId="5.[189,1399,1863,1996]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="84E2A55AFFECFFC2FF56205D7FE2F85F" collectingDate="2019-06-03" collectionCode="MNHNCL" country="Chile" elevation="20" latitude="-20.483723" location="near Playa Seremeno" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.162476" municipality="Iquique" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" specimenCode="MNHNCL ICT 7625" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFECFFC2FF56205D7D12F8F2" bold="true" box="[234,337,1863,1889]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<typeStatus id="EB3111A5FFECFFC2FF56205D7D12F8F2" box="[234,337,1863,1889]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(designated here)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4C9DEF97FFECFFC2FF0120717D50F816" box="[189,275,1899,1925]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">CHILE</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="228C648EFFECFFC2FE8E20717D0BF816" box="[306,328,1899,1925]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="F37202E2FFECFFC2FEE620717D8CF816" box="[346,463,1899,1925]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.004" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="1004.0">1004 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL,
|
||
<quantity id="F37202E2FFECFFC2FDB120717E39F817" box="[525,634,1898,1925]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.001" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" unit="kg" value="10.01">10.01 kg</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="D451357DFFECFFC2FD2F20707EB3F817" box="[659,752,1898,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">Iquique</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="3155F9DCFFECFFC2FD4220717FBCF816" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC231E11FFECFFD7FDE821197D5CFB5D:3155F9DCFFECFFC2FD4220717FBCF816" box="[766,1023,1898,1925]" country="Chile" latitude="-20.483723" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.162476" municipality="Iquique" name="near Playa Seremeno" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">near Playa Seremeño</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="51BEC9C0FFECFFC2FBB1207178F1F816" box="[1037,1202,1899,1925]" degrees="20.483722" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" precision="1" value="-20.483723">20.483722° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="51BEC9C0FFECFFC2FB7E20707931F816" box="[1218,1394,1898,1925]" degrees="70.162472" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" precision="1" value="-70.162476">70.162472° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; caught at approximately
|
||
<elevation id="BFA74834FFECFFC2FE5620947E36F83B" box="[490,629,1934,1960]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="20.0">
|
||
<quantity id="F37202E2FFECFFC2FE5620947E6AF83B" box="[490,553,1934,1960]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
by artisanal fishers;
|
||
<date id="403489C7FFECFFC2FCC920947844F83B" box="[885,1031,1934,1960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" value="2019-06-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="5070702FFFECFFC2FCC920947844F83B" box="[885,1031,1934,1960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" value="2019-06-03">3 Jun. 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; GenBank:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="2BD932E4FFECFFC2FB252094795AF83A" box="[1177,1305,1934,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">OR544405</accessionNumber>
|
||
(CO1),
|
||
<accessionNumber id="2BD932E4FFECFFC2FF0120AB7D7DF85F" box="[189,318,1969,1996]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">OR567498</accessionNumber>
|
||
(NADH2),
|
||
<accessionNumber id="2BD932E4FFECFFC2FE7720AB7E08F85F" box="[459,587,1969,1996]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">OR557297</accessionNumber>
|
||
(16S);
|
||
<specimenCode id="642C077CFFECFFC2FD1F20AB7FDEF85F" box="[675,925,1969,1996]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">MNHNCL ICT 7625</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFEFFFC1FF5626127DE5FEB1" blockId="6.[189,1398,264,362]" box="[234,422,264,290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FF5626127DE5FEB1" bold="true" box="[234,422,264,290]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">Other material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFEFFFC1FF0126367FB8FEFA" blockId="6.[189,1398,264,362]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="84E2A55AFFEFFFC1FF0126367FB5FEFA" collectingDate="2019-06-03" collectionCode="MNHNCL" country="Chile" elevation="20" latitude="-20.483723" location="CHILE" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-70.162476" municipality="Iquique" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" specimenCode="MNHNCL ICT 7626" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4C9DEF97FFEFFFC1FF0126367D50FED5" box="[189,275,300,326]" name="Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">CHILE</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="228C648EFFEFFFC1FE8F26367D20FED5" box="[307,355,300,326]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="F37202E2FFEFFFC1FECA26367DA8FED5" box="[374,491,300,326]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="1040.0">1040 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL,
|
||
<quantity id="F37202E2FFEFFFC1FD9026367EDBFED5" box="[556,664,300,326]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.163" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" unit="kg" value="11.63">11.63 kg</quantity>
|
||
); same collection data as for neotype; GenBank:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="2BD932E4FFEFFFC1FB4A26317935FED5" box="[1270,1398,299,326]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">OR544406</accessionNumber>
|
||
(CO1),
|
||
<accessionNumber id="2BD932E4FFEFFFC1FEAB26557DD4FEF9" box="[279,407,335,362]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">OR567499</accessionNumber>
|
||
(NADH2),
|
||
<accessionNumber id="2BD932E4FFEFFFC1FD9826557EE6FEF9" box="[548,677,335,362]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">OR557298</accessionNumber>
|
||
(16S);
|
||
<specimenCode id="642C077CFFEFFFC1FD4126557FB5FEFA" box="[765,1014,335,361]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">MNHNCL ICT 7626</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFEFFFC1FF01268A7DD6FE62" blockId="6.[189,1399,399,497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="84E2A55AFFEFFFC1FF01268A7DD2FE62" collectingDate="2020-03-18" collectionCode="CCM" country="Chile" elevation="40" latitude="-32.929867" location="Higuerillas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.53887" municipality="Higuerillas" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" specimenCode="CCM-1228" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4C9DEF97FFEFFFC1FF01268A7D50FE39" box="[189,275,400,426]" name="Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">CHILE</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="228C648EFFEFFFC1FE95268A7D10FE38" box="[297,339,400,427]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(cleaned jaw, fish TL estimated at
|
||
<quantity id="F37202E2FFEFFFC1FD5D268A7F10FE39" box="[737,851,400,426]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="1100.0">1100 mm</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="D451357DFFEFFFC1FCD9268A7FA8FE39" box="[869,1003,400,426]" country="Chile" latitude="-32.929867" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-71.53887" name="Higuerillas" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">Higuerillas</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="51BEC9C0FFEFFFC1FC49269578EBFE39" box="[1013,1192,399,427]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" precision="1" seconds="47.51" value="-32.929867">32°55′47.51″ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="51BEC9C0FFEFFFC1FB0F26957931FE38" box="[1203,1394,399,427]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" precision="1" seconds="19.95" value="-71.53887">71°32′19.95″ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; caught at approximately
|
||
<elevation id="BFA74834FFEFFFC1FE5426AE7E33FE5E" box="[488,624,435,462]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="40.0">
|
||
<quantity id="F37202E2FFEFFFC1FE5426AE7E65FE5D" box="[488,550,436,462]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
by artisanal fishers, only head was possible to recover;
|
||
<date id="403489C7FFEFFFC1FAA526AE7CB8FE62" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" value="2020-03-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="5070702FFFEFFFC1FAA526AE7CB8FE62" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" value="2020-03-18">18 Mar. 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="642C077CFFEFFFC1FEBB26CD7DD2FE62" box="[263,401,471,497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">CCM-1228</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7C90FC8CFFEFFFC1FF0125027D97FAD7" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFEFFFC1FF0125027E51FDA1" blockId="6.[189,530,536,562]" box="[189,530,536,562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<heading id="6F7D186BFFEFFFC1FF0125027E51FDA1" bold="true" box="[189,530,536,562]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FF0125027E51FDA1" bold="true" box="[189,530,536,562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">Diagnosis and comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFEFFFC1FF01255D7D97FAD7" blockId="6.[188,1399,583,1348]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FF01255D7DC2FDF3" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[189,385,583,609]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FF01255D7DC2FDF3" box="[189,385,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FDA6255D7EF4FDF2" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[538,695,583,609]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FDA6255D7EF4FDF2" box="[538,695,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following combination of characters: surface of head between orbits flat in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FE7F25707E74FD17" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[451,567,618,644]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FE7F25707E74FD17" box="[451,567,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while concave in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FCA225707FFFFD17" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[798,956,618,644]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FCA225707FFFFD17" box="[798,956,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Anterior margin of head concave in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FF0325977D73FD34" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[191,304,653,679]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FF0325977D73FD34" box="[191,304,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while straight in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FDB425977EE5FD34" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[520,678,653,679]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FDB425977EE5FD34" box="[520,678,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Anterior nasal flaps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FC7F25977875FD34" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[963,1078,653,679]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FC7F25977875FD34" box="[963,1078,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
relatively broad with three lobes, outer lobe concave at base with relatively long inner lobe, shorter than outer lobe, central lower margin of nasal flap weakly fringed with narrow and relatively long and straight inner barbel, with spatulated end, while anterior nasal flap simpler in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FC8D25ED7F90FC82" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[817,979,759,785]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FC8D25ED7F90FC82" box="[817,979,759,785]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with relatively long outer margin with spatulated tip, central margin slightly fringed. Anterior margins of pectoral fins of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FB072400796EFCA7" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1211,1325,794,820]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FB072400796EFCA7" box="[1211,1325,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
softly sinuate, concave anteriorly to posterior margin of head, slightly convex until pectoral fin apex vs almost straight to softly convex in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FE47247B7EDBFCE9" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[507,664,864,891]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FE47247B7EDBFCE9" box="[507,664,864,891]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Row of medial-dorsal thorns absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FBD6247B789FFCE9" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1130,1244,865,891]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FBD6247B789FFCE9" box="[1130,1244,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, single small medial-dorsal thorn right anterior to pelvic girdle, with single row of 30 small central-caudal thorns, not reaching origin of first dorsal fin and five interdorsal thorns, while medial-dorsal, caudal, and interdorsal thorns absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FE3824D07E61FC77" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[388,546,970,996]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FE3824D07E61FC77" box="[388,546,970,996]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Pectoral thorns form broad patch near pectoral fin apex in adult males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FF5D24F77D14FB94" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[225,343,1005,1031]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FF5D24F77D14FB94" box="[225,343,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FD9324F77E92FB94" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[559,721,1005,1031]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FD9324F77E92FB94" box="[559,721,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FD5824F77FEEFB94" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[740,941,1005,1031]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FD5824F77FEEFB94" box="[740,941,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has slightly shorter pre-dorsal length (63.1% vs 66.6%, respectively), shorter head width (23.5% vs 25%, respectively), and shorter pectoral fin length (22.1% vs 33.3% TL, respectively). First dorsal fin insertion at 66.6% of TL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FB6D232E792CFBDE" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[1233,1391,1075,1102]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FB6D232E792CFBDE" box="[1233,1391,1075,1102]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while at 63.1% TL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FE00234D7E6DFBE3" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[444,558,1111,1137]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FE00234D7E6DFBE3" box="[444,558,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FDE0234D7EB9FBE2" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[604,762,1111,1137]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FDE0234D7EB9FBE2" box="[604,762,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pre-orbital length equal to first dorsal fin base length, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FE9623607DE3FB07" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[298,416,1146,1172]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FE9623607DE3FB07" box="[298,416,1146,1172]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
somewhat shorter (3.6% vs 4.2% TL, respectively). First dorsal fin height equal to interorbital distance in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FE4B23877EDBFB24" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[503,664,1181,1207]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FE4B23877EDBFB24" box="[503,664,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while larger in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FCD923877F98FB24" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[869,987,1181,1207]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FCD923877F98FB24" box="[869,987,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(7.2% vs 9.7% TL, respectively). Colouration of dorsal surface of body in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FD2A23DB7F4BFB49" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[662,776,1217,1243]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FD2A23DB7F4BFB49" box="[662,776,1217,1243]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is brownish, with small white spots and larger darker spots, while is greyish ash dorsally with small whitish spots in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FC2123FE7879FB6E" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[925,1082,1251,1278]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FC2123FE7879FB6E" box="[925,1082,1251,1278]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FF60221D7D3AFAB2" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[220,377,1287,1313]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FF60221D7D3AFAB2" box="[220,377,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there is no mention of any conspicuous spinulation pattern on pectoral fins or head, but prominent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FEE722307D8EFAD7" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[347,461,1322,1348]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FEE722307D8EFAD7" box="[347,461,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7C90FC8CFFEFFFCAFF0122767F72FC98" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFEFFFC1FF0122767D7BF9EF" blockId="6.[188,1399,1387,1660]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FF0122767DC7FA16" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[189,388,1388,1414]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FF0122767DC7FA16" box="[189,388,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has softly sinuate pectoral fin anterior margins, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FB842276788AFA16" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1080,1225,1388,1414]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FB842276788AFA16" box="[1080,1225,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this margin is convex and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FED822957D82FA3B" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[356,449,1422,1449]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FED822957D82FA3B" box="[356,449,1422,1449]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FE6C22957E04FA3B" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[464,583,1422,1449]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FE6C22957E04FA3B" box="[464,583,1422,1449]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FDE822957F43FA3B" authorityName="Marini" authorityYear="1936" box="[596,768,1422,1449]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guggenheim">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FDE822957F43FA3B" box="[596,768,1422,1449]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. guggenheim</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FCB122957F3CFA3B" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[781,895,1422,1449]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FCB122957F3CFA3B" box="[781,895,1422,1449]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FC092295784BFA3B" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[949,1032,1423,1449]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FC092295784BFA3B" box="[949,1032,1423,1449]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is straight or slightly convex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FF0022A87DC5FA5F" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[188,390,1458,1484]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FF0022A87DC5FA5F" box="[188,390,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has enlarged dorsal thorns organized in one discontinuous line: one medial-dorsal thorn anterior to pelvic girdle; 30 caudal thorns and 5 interdorsal thorns, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FBD522CF78BBFA7C" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1129,1272,1493,1519]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FBD522CF78BBFA7C" box="[1129,1272,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has dorsal mid-line denticles that are morphologically similar to other trunk denticles and barely organized in a row;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FF4721067D19F9A6" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[251,346,1563,1590]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FF4721067D19F9A6" box="[251,346,1563,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks enlarged thorns on dorsal mid-line;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FCF221067FB8F9A6" authorityName="Marini" authorityYear="1936" box="[846,1019,1563,1590]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guggenheim">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FCF221067FB8F9A6" box="[846,1019,1563,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. guggenheim</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a single row (or multiple in juveniles) over dorsal mid-line, from mid-length of pectoral fin base to origin of first dorsal fin or of caudal fin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFEFFFC1FF0121BE7894F803" blockId="6.[189,1399,1699,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FF0121BE7DC0F92E" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[189,387,1700,1726]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FF0121BE7DC0F92E" box="[189,387,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has four pairs of enlarged dermal denticle patches on the head: one first dorsal to the internarial space; one on the pre-orbital area; one on the eye-spiracle space; and one on the interspiracle space;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FEAE21F07DE6F890" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[274,421,1770,1796]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FEAE21F07DE6F890" box="[274,421,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no enlarged denticles on the interspiracular surface;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FBD421F07889F890" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[1128,1226,1769,1796]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FBD421F07889F890" box="[1128,1226,1769,1796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has moderate tubercles above the mouth and eye crests, a smooth oval patch above the mid-point of the mouth in between the eyes;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FE20202A7E54F8D9" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[412,535,1840,1866]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FE20202A7E54F8D9" box="[412,535,1840,1866]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two clusters on the snout, one anterior and another posterior to the eyes, and a pair of clusters of denticles between the spiracles;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FC29204E7802F8FE" authorityName="Marini" authorityYear="1936" box="[917,1089,1875,1902]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guggenheim">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FC29204E7802F8FE" box="[917,1089,1875,1902]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. guggenheim</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEFFFC1FBC7204E78ADF8FE" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[1147,1262,1875,1902]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEFFFC1FBC7204E78ADF8FE" box="[1147,1262,1875,1902]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a pair of enlarged, conical, and morphologically distinct dermal denticles between the spiracles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFEEFFC0FF0126137832FEF9" blockId="7.[189,1399,265,362]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">
|
||
Tooth count corresponded to 9–9/10–
|
||
<quantity id="F37202E2FFEEFFC0FD3926137E80FEB0" box="[645,707,265,291]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD7226137FD5FEB0" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[718,918,265,291]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD7226137FD5FEB0" box="[718,918,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 12–12/12–
|
||
<quantity id="F37202E2FFEEFFC0FB9B26137825FEB0" box="[1063,1126,265,291]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FBCC26137940FEB0" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1136,1283,265,291]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FBCC26137940FEB0" box="[1136,1283,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 10– 10/10–
|
||
<quantity id="F37202E2FFEEFFC0FEAC26367D0EFED5" box="[272,333,300,326]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FEEA26377DF4FED5" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[342,439,300,327]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FEEA26377DF4FED5" box="[342,439,300,327]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE7526377ED3FED5" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[457,656,301,327]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE7526377ED3FED5" box="[457,656,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a lower vertebrae count (n = 129) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FB1526377979FED5" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1193,1338,301,327]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FB1526377979FED5" box="[1193,1338,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 132–136),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE80264A7DD9FEFA" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[316,410,335,362]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE80264A7DD9FEFA" box="[316,410,335,362]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(135–142),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD97264A7EE0FEFA" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[555,675,335,362]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD97264A7EE0FEFA" box="[555,675,335,362]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(130–135), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FCD9264A7FF9FEFA" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[869,954,336,362]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FCD9264A7FF9FEFA" box="[869,954,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 138–150).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFEEFFC0FF01268B7E4AFD56" blockId="7.[189,1399,401,709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF01268B7DC6FE38" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[189,389,401,427]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF01268B7DC6FE38" box="[189,389,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD95268B7F4EFE38" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[553,781,401,427]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD95268B7F4EFE38" box="[553,781,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FCA3268B7FD8FE38" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[799,923,401,427]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FCA3268B7FD8FE38" box="[799,923,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FC11268B781FFE38" authorityName="Marini" authorityYear="1936" box="[941,1116,401,427]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guggenheim">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FC11268B781FFE38" box="[941,1116,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. guggenheim</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FB20268B78B7FE38" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[1180,1268,401,427]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FB20268B78B7FE38" box="[1180,1268,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a wider head (23.3–23.5% vs 16.5–19.4% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD5C26AE7F32FE5D" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[736,881,436,462]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD5C26AE7F32FE5D" box="[736,881,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 16.3–17.4% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FB8726AE78F5FE5D" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[1083,1206,436,462]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FB8726AE78F5FE5D" box="[1083,1206,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 10.4–21.7% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF0126C27D28FE62" authorityName="Marini" authorityYear="1936" box="[189,363,471,498]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guggenheim">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF0126C27D28FE62" box="[189,363,471,498]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. guggenheim</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 16.9–19.2% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FDD526C27EFDFE62" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[617,702,472,498]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FDD526C27EFDFE62" box="[617,702,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by having a greater width at the pectoral fin origins (17.7–17.8% vs 13.7–15.7% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD8A26E17E86FD87" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[566,709,507,533]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD8A26E17E86FD87" box="[566,709,507,533]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 13.1–14.2% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FC3726E17840FD87" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[907,1027,506,533]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FC3726E17840FD87" box="[907,1027,506,533]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 12.2–16.6% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FB7626E17934FD87" authorityName="Marini" authorityYear="1936" box="[1226,1399,506,533]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guggenheim">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FB7626E17934FD87" box="[1226,1399,506,533]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. guggenheim</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 14.4–15.1% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE1C25047DB7FDA4" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[416,500,542,568]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE1C25047DB7FDA4" box="[416,500,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FDEF25047EA2FDA4" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[595,737,542,568]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FDEF25047EA2FDA4" box="[595,737,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD4C25047F0EFDAB" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[752,845,542,568]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD4C25047F0EFDAB" box="[752,845,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FCE025047F97FDAB" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[860,980,542,568]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FCE025047F97FDAB" box="[860,980,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FBB02504783CFDAB" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[1036,1151,542,568]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FBB02504783CFDAB" box="[1036,1151,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FB3225047943FDA4" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1166,1280,542,568]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FB3225047943FDA4" box="[1166,1280,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by having a longer first dorsal fin anterior margin (10.0–10.3% vs 7.5–8.0% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FBFB255B7894FDC8" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1095,1239,577,603]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FBFB255B7894FDC8" box="[1095,1239,577,603]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 7.1–8.8% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF02257E7D5FFDED" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[190,284,612,638]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF02257E7D5FFDED" box="[190,284,612,638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 6.4–7.9% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE7E257E7E78FDED" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[450,571,612,638]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE7E257E7E78FDED" box="[450,571,612,638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 6.7–9.2% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FCAF257E7FC4FDED" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[787,903,612,638]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FCAF257E7FC4FDED" box="[787,903,612,638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by having a larger second dorsal fin anterior margin (9.3–9.4% vs 6.8–7.7% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD0525927F04FD32" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[697,839,648,674]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD0525927F04FD32" box="[697,839,648,674]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 7.1–8.3% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FC4C2592780DFD32" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[1008,1102,647,674]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FC4C2592780DFD32" box="[1008,1102,647,674]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 6.0–7.6% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FB4A2592792CFD32" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[1270,1391,647,674]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FB4A2592792CFD32" box="[1270,1391,647,674]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 6.8–8.6% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE3925B17DBBFD57" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[389,504,682,709]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE3925B17DBBFD57" box="[389,504,682,709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFEEFFC0FF0125F67D0AFC6F" blockId="7.[189,1399,748,1020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF0125F67DC3FC95" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[189,384,748,774]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF0125F67DC3FC95" box="[189,384,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a shorter pectoral fin length (22.1–23.5%) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FC6B25F67827FC95" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[983,1124,748,774]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FC6B25F67827FC95" box="[983,1124,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(32.4–36.7%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FAA425F67936FC95" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[1304,1397,748,774]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FAA425F67936FC95" box="[1304,1397,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(32.7–35.7%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FEC824157E64FCBA" authorityName="Marini" authorityYear="1936" box="[372,551,783,809]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guggenheim">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FEC824157E64FCBA" box="[372,551,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. guggenheim</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(27.1–33.6%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD5024157F25FCBA" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[748,870,783,809]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD5024157F25FCBA" box="[748,870,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(26.7–36.6%), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FBD8241578FCFCBA" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[1124,1215,783,809]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FBD8241578FCFCBA" box="[1124,1215,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(33.5–36.0%).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF0124297DC2FCDF" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[189,385,819,845]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF0124297DC2FCDF" box="[189,385,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a shorter pelvic fin width (11.2%) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FC3D2429784CFCDF" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[897,1039,819,845]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FC3D2429784CFCDF" box="[897,1039,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(13.0–14.2%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FB7924297960FCDF" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[1221,1315,818,845]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FB7924297960FCDF" box="[1221,1315,818,845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(12.9– 14.4%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE9D244C7DD9FCFC" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[289,410,853,880]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE9D244C7DD9FCFC" box="[289,410,853,880]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(13.1–13.3%), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD38244C7E9AFCFC" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[644,729,854,880]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD38244C7E9AFCFC" box="[644,729,854,880]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(13.8–16.2%).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FC2D244C7815FCFC" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[913,1110,854,880]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FC2D244C7815FCFC" box="[913,1110,854,880]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a greater first dorsal fin height (7.2–7.8%) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE4624637ECAFC01" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[506,649,889,915]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE4624637ECAFC01" box="[506,649,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(4.7–5.6%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FC9F24637FDFFC00" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[803,924,889,915]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FC9F24637FDFFC00" box="[803,924,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3.3–3.8%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FB8B246378A0FC00" authorityName="Marini" authorityYear="1936" box="[1079,1251,889,915]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guggenheim">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FB8B246378A0FC00" box="[1079,1251,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. guggenheim</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2.8–6.4%), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF4C24867D27FC25" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[240,356,924,950]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF4C24867D27FC25" box="[240,356,924,950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3.3–6.1%).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FDBE24867E8BFC25" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[514,712,924,950]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FDBE24867E8BFC25" box="[514,712,924,950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a shorter pectoral fin inner margin (11.5–11.9%) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF0124A57D09FC4A" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[189,330,959,985]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF0124A57D09FC4A" box="[189,330,959,985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(17.1–19.8%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE4324A57E31FC4A" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[511,626,959,985]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE4324A57E31FC4A" box="[511,626,959,985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(13.3–18.9%), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FCE424A57FEFFC4A" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[856,940,959,985]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FCE424A57FEFFC4A" box="[856,940,959,985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(17.5–19.4%), but longer than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FAA424A57936FC4A" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[1304,1397,959,985]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FAA424A57936FC4A" box="[1304,1397,959,985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6.1–8.2%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFEEFFC0FF01233E7DD7FA82" blockId="7.[189,1399,1060,1297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF01233E7DC1FBAE" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[189,386,1060,1086]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF01233E7DC1FBAE" box="[189,386,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD9C233E7E3DFBAD" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[544,638,1060,1086]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD9C233E7E3DFBAD" box="[544,638,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD32233E7F44FBAD" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[654,775,1060,1086]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD32233E7F44FBAD" box="[654,775,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FCFF233E7FDBFBAE" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[835,920,1060,1086]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FCFF233E7FDBFBAE" box="[835,920,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a greater interorbital distance (9.7–9.8% vs 7.6–8.9% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE44235D7E15FBF2" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[504,598,1095,1121]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE44235D7E15FBF2" box="[504,598,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 7.7–8.3% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD40235D7F36FBF2" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[764,885,1095,1121]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD40235D7F36FBF2" box="[764,885,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 7.8–8.8% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FBF1235D78E1FBF2" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[1101,1186,1095,1121]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FBF1235D78E1FBF2" box="[1101,1186,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by having a greater trunk width (22.7–23.3% vs 15.3–19.4% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FCAB23707F35FB17" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[791,886,1130,1156]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FCAB23707F35FB17" box="[791,886,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 15.3–16.5% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FB8B237078F3FB17" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[1079,1200,1130,1156]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FB8B237078F3FB17" box="[1079,1200,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 16.0–18.2% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF6723947D73FB34" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[219,304,1166,1192]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF6723947D73FB34" box="[219,304,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE2C23947E5CFB34" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[400,543,1166,1192]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE2C23947E5CFB34" box="[400,543,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD9123947EE2FB34" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[557,673,1165,1192]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD9123947EE2FB34" box="[557,673,1165,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD5E23947F74FB34" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[738,823,1166,1192]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD5E23947F74FB34" box="[738,823,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FCFA23947FFBFB34" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[838,952,1166,1192]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FCFA23947FFBFB34" box="[838,952,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by having a shorter eye length (1.3–1.4% vs 2.3–2.9% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FDBD23AB7ED2FB59" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[513,657,1201,1227]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FDBD23AB7ED2FB59" box="[513,657,1201,1227]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 1.6–3.1% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FCD523AB7F9FFB59" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[873,988,1200,1227]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FCD523AB7F9FFB59" box="[873,988,1200,1227]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 1.5–2.1% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FB0123AB7951FB59" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[1213,1298,1201,1227]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FB0123AB7951FB59" box="[1213,1298,1201,1227]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and by having a greater intergill width (11.6% vs 8.2–9.8% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FCF523CE7F94FB7E" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[841,983,1236,1262]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FCF523CE7F94FB7E" box="[841,983,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 7.5–10.2% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FB3223CE7941FB7D" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[1166,1282,1236,1262]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FB3223CE7941FB7D" box="[1166,1282,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 7.9– 10.0% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE9223ED7DC0FA82" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[302,387,1271,1297]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE9223ED7DC0FA82" box="[302,387,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFEEFFC0FF0122237EA7FA73" blockId="7.[189,1399,1336,1504]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF0122237DC1FAC1" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[189,386,1337,1363]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF0122237DC1FAC1" box="[189,386,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a wider clasper base (2.3–2.5%) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FCC922237840FAC1" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[885,1027,1337,1363]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FCC922237840FAC1" box="[885,1027,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.8–1.0%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FB2222237955FAC1" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[1182,1302,1336,1363]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FB2222237955FAC1" box="[1182,1302,1336,1363]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1.6%), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF4F22467D29FAE6" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[243,362,1371,1398]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF4F22467D29FAE6" box="[243,362,1371,1398]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.7–1.4%).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FDB022467E97FAE6" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[524,724,1372,1398]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FDB022467E97FAE6" box="[524,724,1372,1398]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a greater second dorsal fin height (6.5–7.3%) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF0122657D0CFA0A" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[189,335,1407,1433]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF0122657D0CFA0A" box="[189,335,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(4.0–5.1%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE4D22657E2EFA0A" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[497,621,1407,1433]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE4D22657E2EFA0A" box="[497,621,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3.5%), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FCAD22657F81FA0A" authorityName="Marini" authorityYear="1936" box="[785,962,1407,1433]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guggenheim">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FCAD22657F81FA0A" box="[785,962,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. guggenheim</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3.2–5.9%).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FBD82265796FFA0A" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1124,1324,1407,1433]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FBD82265796FFA0A" box="[1124,1324,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a shorter dorsal-caudal distance (5.8–6.4%) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FCA922B87FEEFA2F" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[789,941,1442,1468]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FCA922B87FEEFA2F" box="[789,941,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(7.1–8.5%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FBE522B87899FA2F" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[1113,1242,1442,1468]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FBE522B87899FA2F" box="[1113,1242,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(7.3–8.0%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF0122DF7D73FA4C" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[189,304,1477,1503]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF0122DF7D73FA4C" box="[189,304,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6.2–9.0%), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE4022DF7E12FA4C" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[508,593,1477,1503]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE4022DF7E12FA4C" box="[508,593,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6.9–7.5%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFEEFFC0FF01211D7878F813" blockId="7.[188,1399,1542,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF01211D7DC0F9B3" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[189,387,1543,1569]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF01211D7DC0F9B3" box="[189,387,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD9A211D7EE3F9B3" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[550,672,1542,1569]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD9A211D7EE3F9B3" box="[550,672,1542,1569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD61211D7F70F9B3" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[733,819,1543,1569]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD61211D7F70F9B3" box="[733,819,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a wider mouth (14.0–15.1% vs 10.3– 11.9% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE9221307DE4F9D7" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[302,423,1578,1604]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE9221307DE4F9D7" box="[302,423,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 11.5–13.0% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD2821307EAAF9D7" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[660,745,1578,1604]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD2821307EAAF9D7" box="[660,745,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by having a longer pelvic fin length (22.1–22.5% vs 17.9–20.9% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE2021577E5BF9F4" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[412,536,1613,1639]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE2021577E5BF9F4" box="[412,536,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and shorter than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD4E21577F09F9F4" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[754,842,1613,1639]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD4E21577F09F9F4" box="[754,842,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(25.9–28.6%). Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FB1321577902F9F4" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1199,1345,1613,1639]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FB1321577902F9F4" box="[1199,1345,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF01216B7D70F919" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[189,307,1648,1675]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF01216B7D70F919" box="[189,307,1648,1675]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FEF8216B7DFAF919" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[324,441,1649,1675]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FEF8216B7DFAF919" box="[324,441,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by having a greater clasper inner length (20.7–21.6% vs 10.7–10.8% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF01218E7D09F93E" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[189,330,1684,1710]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF01218E7D09F93E" box="[189,330,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 8.5–13.6% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD9D218E7ED0F93E" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[545,659,1683,1710]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD9D218E7ED0F93E" box="[545,659,1683,1710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by having a greater cloacal-caudal length (55.2–56.4% vs 49.2–51.8% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FED221AD7DB8F943" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[366,507,1719,1745]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FED221AD7DB8F943" box="[366,507,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 47.8–53.7% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FD5921AD7F14F943" authorityName="Vooren & da Silva" authorityYear="1991" box="[741,855,1718,1745]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FD5921AD7F14F943" box="[741,855,1718,1745]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FBB121AD7828F943" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[1037,1131,1718,1745]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FBB121AD7828F943" box="[1037,1131,1718,1745]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FB1F21AD78B4F943" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[1187,1271,1719,1745]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FB1F21AD78B4F943" box="[1187,1271,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FAB921AD7934F943" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1285,1399,1719,1745]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FAB921AD7934F943" box="[1285,1399,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by having a shorter pectoral fin anterior margin (24.9–25.1% vs 27.3–29.4% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FB5C21C07902F967" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[1248,1345,1754,1780]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FB5C21C07902F967" box="[1248,1345,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 28.9–30.9% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FECE21E77D84F884" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[370,455,1789,1815]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FECE21E77D84F884" box="[370,455,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by having a shorter second dorsal fin inner length (1.8–2.0% vs 2.6–3.2% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF60203B7D78F8A9" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[220,315,1824,1851]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF60203B7D78F8A9" box="[220,315,1824,1851]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 2.7–3.2% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FDB1203B7E21F8A9" authorityName="Vaz & Carvalho" authorityYear="2018" box="[525,610,1825,1851]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varii">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FDB1203B7E21F8A9" box="[525,610,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. varii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FDC7203B7F02F8A9" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[635,833,1825,1851]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FDC7203B7F02F8A9" box="[635,833,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a greater pre-ocular length (6.4–6.5%) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF01205E7D0CF8CE" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[189,335,1860,1886]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF01205E7D0CF8CE" box="[189,335,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(4.4–5.9%) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FDA0205E7EDBF8CE" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[540,664,1859,1886]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FDA0205E7EDBF8CE" box="[540,664,1859,1886]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(5.0–5.7%).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FC85205E7843F8CE" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[825,1024,1860,1886]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FC85205E7843F8CE" box="[825,1024,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a greater pectoral fin base length (11.5–12.7%) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FE53207D7E0EF813" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[495,589,1894,1921]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FE53207D7E0EF813" box="[495,589,1894,1921]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(8.7–10.9%) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FC9D207D7FDAF813" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[801,921,1894,1921]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FC9D207D7FDAF813" box="[801,921,1894,1921]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(9.1–10.6%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFEEFFCFFF0120B27E0EFD10" blockId="7.[189,1398,1960,2022]" lastBlockId="8.[189,1399,265,644]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FF0120B27DC0F851" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[189,387,1960,1986]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FF0120B27DC0F851" box="[189,387,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a greater snout-cloacal length (43.3–43.9%), shorter eye height (1%) and shorter pre-spiracular length than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FDBD20D67ED6F876" baseAuthorityName="Marini" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[513,661,1996,2022]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FDBD20D67ED6F876" box="[513,661,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">S. argentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(48.5–51.5%, 1.3–1.9%, 8.4–9.5%).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFEEFFC0FBE320D6796AF876" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1119,1321,1996,2022]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFEEFFC0FBE320D6796AF876" box="[1119,1321,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a greater spiracle width than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFE1FFCFFDB526137E28FEB0" authorityName="Acero, Tavera, Anguila & Hernandez" authorityYear="2016" box="[521,619,265,291]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE1FFCFFDB526137E28FEB0" box="[521,619,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2.1–2.3% vs 0.9–1.2%), a greater pectoral fin posterior margin (20–20.2% vs 12.7–15.9), greater second dorsal fin posterior margin (6.7–7.1% vs 3.3–5.2%) and greater nostril width (1.8–1.9% vs 0.4–0.9%).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFE1FFCFFD53264A7FF5FEFA" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[751,950,336,362]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE1FFCFFD53264A7FF5FEFA" box="[751,950,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a greater orbital head width than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFE1FFCFFF0326697D74FE1F" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[191,311,370,397]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE1FFCFFF0326697D74FE1F" box="[191,311,370,397]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(14.1–16.9% vs 11.8–11.9%), as well as a greater dorsal caudal fin margin (12.5–13.1% vs 10.1%), greater internarinal distance (7.0–7.4% vs 5.7–6.0%) and greater pectoral fin width (19.6% vs 14.2–15.7%), while having shorter pre-caudal length than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFE1FFCFFC2826A3784DFE40" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[916,1038,441,467]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE1FFCFFC2826A3784DFE40" box="[916,1038,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(83.5–85.0% vs 89.3–91.0%), shorter pre-pectoral length (18.0–18.9% vs 22.5–22.7%), shorter pre-pelvic length (36.1–39.0% vs 41.3–44.7%), shorter pelvic (origin)-caudal distance (45.4–44.9% vs 49.7%), shorter interdorsal distance (6.1–6.6% vs 7.0–7.4%), shorter eye-spiracle length (2.5–2.6% vs 3.6–3.7%) and a shorter intergill length (2.8–2.9% vs 3.9%). Morphometric data on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFE1FFCFFCC3255C7FB1FDF3" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[895,1010,582,608]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE1FFCFFCC3255C7FB1FDF3" box="[895,1010,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other South American angel sharks are summarized in
|
||
<tableCitation id="79089ABCFFE1FFCFFE4C25737E0BFD10" box="[496,584,617,643]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[189,259,265,291]" captionText="Table 1. Table of body measurements of Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) and other species of angel sharks. Measurements of the neotype and voucher specimen were done to the nearest millimeter and are also represented as a percentage of the total length (% TL). Measurements with an asterisk indicate cases when a lower sample size was used because of measurements that only apply to males, and the number of individuals used is at the top of each column. All measurements were done on the fresh specimens except for those in grey (total length was measured again, 992 mm TL for MNHNCL ICT 7625 and 1036 mm for MNHNCL ICT 7626). Some measurements of S. californica Ayres, 1859 were converted from inches and some of S. armata and S. californica transformed from fractions to percentages." pageId="8" pageNumber="120">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE1FFCFFF0125B07D28FD57" blockId="8.[189,363,682,708]" box="[189,363,682,708]" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<heading id="6F7D186BFFE1FFCFFF0125B07D28FD57" bold="true" box="[189,363,682,708]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="120" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE1FFCFFF0125B07D28FD57" bold="true" box="[189,363,682,708]" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE1FFCFFF0125C37F4EFC84" blockId="8.[187,1398,729,791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">
|
||
Morphological measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EB3111A5FFE1FFCFFDD925C37E81FD60" box="[613,706,729,755]" pageId="8" pageNumber="120" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and complete voucher specimen are summarized in
|
||
<tableCitation id="79089ABCFFE1FFCFFAA625C37933FD60" box="[1306,1392,729,755]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[189,259,265,291]" captionText="Table 1. Table of body measurements of Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) and other species of angel sharks. Measurements of the neotype and voucher specimen were done to the nearest millimeter and are also represented as a percentage of the total length (% TL). Measurements with an asterisk indicate cases when a lower sample size was used because of measurements that only apply to males, and the number of individuals used is at the top of each column. All measurements were done on the fresh specimens except for those in grey (total length was measured again, 992 mm TL for MNHNCL ICT 7625 and 1036 mm for MNHNCL ICT 7626). Some measurements of S. californica Ayres, 1859 were converted from inches and some of S. armata and S. californica transformed from fractions to percentages." pageId="8" pageNumber="120">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. The following description is based on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EB3111A5FFE1FFCFFD1425E77F4AFC84" box="[680,777,765,791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="120" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE1FFCFFF0124247F96FC77" blockId="8.[189,1400,830,997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFF0124247D14FCC5" baselines="849,849" box="[189,343,830,856]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Colouration" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">COLOURATION</smallCapsWord>
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||
. Dorsal surface of body of fresh specimen dark greyish brown, with pairs of prominent, relatively large dark ocelli located on trunk near anterior insertion of pelvic fins, posterior apex of pectoral fins, and tail; white spots on dorsal surface of body, small, scattered. Ventral surface whitish; ventral margins of pectoral fins brownish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFE1FFCFFD7C24BD7F44FC52" box="[704,775,935,961]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[191,234,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[221,1369,439,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-65@9.[189,1398,430,1923]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 1. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (1004 mm total length; MNHNCL ICT 7625), fresh specimen. a. Dorsal view. b. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066561/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). After preservation, the dorsal surface was opaque grey, and the ventral surface was the same as in the fresh specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE1FFCFFF0123167FE7FBB5" blockId="8.[189,932,1036,1062]" box="[189,932,1036,1062]" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFF0123167CBDFBB7" baselines="1055,1055" box="[189,254,1036,1062]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Body" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">BODY</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. Dorsoventrally depressed from head to caudal fin origin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE1FFCFFF0123547E30FACD" blockId="8.[188,1399,1101,1374]" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFF0123547CBFFBF5" baselines="1121,1121" box="[189,252,1102,1128]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Head" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">HEAD</smallCapsWord>
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||
. Broad and dorsoventrally depressed; head width about 23.5% of TL, 1.49 times head length (HL). Eyes relatively small, elliptical in shape, positioned dorsolaterally; eye length (EL) 1.3% of TL; eye height (EH) 1.0% of TL; distance between orbits 9.7% of TL, 7.69 times EL. Spiracle length 1.95 times EL. Mouth large, broadly arched, 24.5% of TL, 2.52 times interorbital space; upper labial furrows partially covered by dermal folds; anterior nasal flaps forming semi-oval arch. Nasal aperture presents a posterior nasal flap composed of a single elongated lobe and a relatively broad anterior nasal flap, width 3.5 times the upper lip arch width, composed of an elongated barbel and a broad, low, indented median barbel and a posterior barbel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFE1FFCFFDA1225E7E26FACD" box="[541,613,1348,1374]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[191,234,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,1083,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-293@10.[189,1398,1076,1915]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 2. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), illustration of the left anterior nasal flap. a. Anterior barbel. b. Median barbel. c. Posterior barbel. Illustrations by IFC." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066563/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE1FFCFFF01229C797EFA76" blockId="8.[189,1400,1412,1510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFF01229C7D6FFA0D" baselines="1433,1433" box="[189,300,1414,1440]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Pectoral" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">PECTORAL</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFE8A22917D20FA0D" baselines="1433" box="[310,355,1419,1438]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="fins" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">FINS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. Large; not fused with head; origin behind 5
|
||
<superScript id="C3FF024FFFE1FFCFFCC7229E7FCBFA01" attach="left" box="[891,904,1412,1426]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">th</superScript>
|
||
gill slit, length 22.1% of TL, length 1.13 times pectoral fin width; anterior margin of pectoral fins softly sinuate; posterior margin of pectoral fins slightly concave; free rear tip of pectoral fins rounded; pectoral fin base 1.05 times pelvic fin base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE1FFCFFF0121177914F969" blockId="8.[189,1399,1549,1787]" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFF0121177D4BF9B6" baselines="1568,1568" box="[189,264,1549,1575]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Pelvic" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">PELVIC</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFEAD21097D7DF9B5" baselines="1569" box="[273,318,1555,1574]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">AND</smallCapsWord>
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||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFEFA21087DDFF9B6" baselines="1568" box="[326,412,1554,1573]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="caudal" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">CAUDAL</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFE1921087D91F9B6" baselines="1568" box="[421,466,1554,1573]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="fins" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">FINS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. Relatively large, triangular, with straight margins; pelvic fins length 22.5% of TL, 2.0 times pelvic fin height. Dorsal fins small, trapezoidal in shape; dorsal fin apex and free rear tip rounded; anterior margin of dorsal fins slightly convex; posterior margin of dorsal fins straight, vertically oriented; interdorsal space 6.1% of TL, 1.05 times dorsal caudal fin margin; second dorsal fin slightly smaller than first dorsal fin. Caudal fin hypocercal, with slightly convex dorsal and pre-ventral margins; lower postventral margin of caudal fin 1.14 times as long as posterior margin; upper post-ventral caudal margin slightly convex; lower postventral caudal margin straight; posterior and ventral tips rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE1FFCFFF0120387815F8CC" blockId="8.[189,1399,1825,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFF0120387D7FF8A9" baselines="1845,1845" box="[189,316,1826,1852]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Vertebrae" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">VERTEBRAE</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFEFA203D7D30F8A9" baselines="1845" box="[326,371,1831,1850]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">AND</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFEC1203D7DDDF8A9" baselines="1845" box="[381,414,1831,1850]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="fin" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">FIN</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFE15203D7E40F8A9" baselines="1845" box="[425,515,1831,1850]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="radials" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">RADIALS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. Total vertebrae count 129; 98 pre-caudal vertebrae; 31 caudal vertebrae. Left pectoral fin with 37 radials and pelvic fins with 30 radials (Supp. file 1.2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE1FFCDFF01209D7DE3FD35" blockId="8.[189,1399,1926,2023]" lastBlockId="10.[189,1401,265,678]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFF01209D7D59F80C" baselines="1946,1946" box="[189,282,1927,1953]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Dermal" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">DERMAL</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFE9E20967DD0F80C" baselines="1946" box="[290,403,1932,1951]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="denticles" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">DENTICLES</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFE2620967D84F80C" baselines="1946" box="[410,455,1932,1951]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">AND</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE1FFCFFE7220967E16F80C" baselines="1946" box="[462,597,1932,1951]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="spinulation" pageId="8" pageNumber="120">SPINULATION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. Dermal denticles densely covering most of the dorsal surface of the body, absent only on anterior tip of pectoral fins, anterior and posterior insertion of pectoral fins, base and insertion of dorsal fins, insertion of pelvic fins, and dorsal surface of claspers. Dermal denticles on the head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFE0FFCEFE8826137DC8FEB0" box="[308,395,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,292,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-14@11.[189,1398,283,1746]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 3. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dorsal thorns. a. Patches of thorns on head forming three pairs; one pair on internarinal space (left one marked a1), second patch on pre-orbital area (a2), third patch on postorbital area (a3), two pairs of interspiracle thorns (a4). b. Single patch of 91–93 thorns on apex of each pectoral fin; thorns hooked, inwardly curved. c. Close-up of a pectoral fin thorn. d. 36 dorsal hooked thorns forming a single row: one medial-dorsal thorn anterior to pelvic girdle followed by 30 caudal thorns and 5 interdorsal thorns (not shown)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066565/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="121">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
|
||
), medial dorsal, and caudal area small (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFE0FFCEFCD126137F99FEB0" box="[877,986,265,291]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="11.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionStartId-1="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1396,292,1746]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,465,1840]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@11.[189,1398,283,1746]" captionTargetId-1="figure-67@12.[189,1398,465,1840]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="Fig. 3. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dorsal thorns. a. Patches of thorns on head forming three pairs; one pair on internarinal space (left one marked a1), second patch on pre-orbital area (a2), third patch on postorbital area (a3), two pairs of interspiracle thorns (a4). b. Single patch of 91–93 thorns on apex of each pectoral fin; thorns hooked, inwardly curved. c. Close-up of a pectoral fin thorn. d. 36 dorsal hooked thorns forming a single row: one medial-dorsal thorn anterior to pelvic girdle followed by 30 caudal thorns and 5 interdorsal thorns (not shown)." captionText-1="Fig. 4. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dermal denticle shapes and patterns. a. Rostral area, frontal view. b. Interorbital area. c–d. Medial-dorsal denticles in frontal (c) and lateral (d) views. e. Caudal area, la" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066565" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066567" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11066565/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11066567/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="121">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
), with posteriorly oriented conical crowns and four to five longitudinal ridges not reaching the crown apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFE0FFCEFBB726367811FED5" box="[1035,1106,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,465,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-67@12.[189,1398,465,1840]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 4. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dermal denticle shapes and patterns. a. Rostral area, frontal view. b. Interorbital area. c–d. Medial-dorsal denticles in frontal (c) and lateral (d) views. e. Caudal area, la" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066567/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="121">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Enlarged denticles with variable crown shapes forming four oval pairs of patches on head: some crowns in the patches blunt, some conical, and others thorn-like, being either postero- or latero-dorsally oriented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFE3FFCDFB1B261378BEFEB0" box="[1191,1277,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,292,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-14@11.[189,1398,283,1746]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 3. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dorsal thorns. a. Patches of thorns on head forming three pairs; one pair on internarinal space (left one marked a1), second patch on pre-orbital area (a2), third patch on postorbital area (a3), two pairs of interspiracle thorns (a4). b. Single patch of 91–93 thorns on apex of each pectoral fin; thorns hooked, inwardly curved. c. Close-up of a pectoral fin thorn. d. 36 dorsal hooked thorns forming a single row: one medial-dorsal thorn anterior to pelvic girdle followed by 30 caudal thorns and 5 interdorsal thorns (not shown)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066565/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
|
||
); first pair of thorn-like enlarged dermal denticle patches dorsal to internarial space; second patch on pre-orbital area; third patch on eye-spiracle space; and fourth pair on interspiracle space (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFE3FFCDFBDE265578FAFEFA" box="[1122,1209,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,292,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-14@11.[189,1398,283,1746]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 3. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dorsal thorns. a. Patches of thorns on head forming three pairs; one pair on internarinal space (left one marked a1), second patch on pre-orbital area (a2), third patch on postorbital area (a3), two pairs of interspiracle thorns (a4). b. Single patch of 91–93 thorns on apex of each pectoral fin; thorns hooked, inwardly curved. c. Close-up of a pectoral fin thorn. d. 36 dorsal hooked thorns forming a single row: one medial-dorsal thorn anterior to pelvic girdle followed by 30 caudal thorns and 5 interdorsal thorns (not shown)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066565/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
|
||
). A single patch of thorn-like enlarged dermal denticles on apex of each pectoral fin; pectoral fin thorns hook-shaped, posteromedially oriented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFE3FFCDFE4A268C7E29FE23" box="[502,618,406,432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,292,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-14@11.[189,1398,283,1746]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 3. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dorsal thorns. a. Patches of thorns on head forming three pairs; one pair on internarinal space (left one marked a1), second patch on pre-orbital area (a2), third patch on postorbital area (a3), two pairs of interspiracle thorns (a4). b. Single patch of 91–93 thorns on apex of each pectoral fin; thorns hooked, inwardly curved. c. Close-up of a pectoral fin thorn. d. 36 dorsal hooked thorns forming a single row: one medial-dorsal thorn anterior to pelvic girdle followed by 30 caudal thorns and 5 interdorsal thorns (not shown)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066565/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">Fig. 3b–c</figureCitation>
|
||
), lacking ridges, similar in size. A total of 36 thorn-like enlarged dermal denticles forming a single longitudinal row on dorsal surface, of similar size (
|
||
<quantity id="F37202E2FFE3FFCDFB1226A3794DFE40" box="[1198,1294,441,468]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), lacking longitudinal ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFE3FFCDFE1326C67E4EFE65" box="[431,525,476,502]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1814,1840]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,292,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-14@11.[189,1398,283,1746]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 3. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dorsal thorns. a. Patches of thorns on head forming three pairs; one pair on internarinal space (left one marked a1), second patch on pre-orbital area (a2), third patch on postorbital area (a3), two pairs of interspiracle thorns (a4). b. Single patch of 91–93 thorns on apex of each pectoral fin; thorns hooked, inwardly curved. c. Close-up of a pectoral fin thorn. d. 36 dorsal hooked thorns forming a single row: one medial-dorsal thorn anterior to pelvic girdle followed by 30 caudal thorns and 5 interdorsal thorns (not shown)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066565/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">Figs 3d</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFE3FFCDFDA026C67E7FFE65" box="[540,572,476,502]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,465,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-67@12.[189,1398,465,1840]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 4. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dermal denticle shapes and patterns. a. Rostral area, frontal view. b. Interorbital area. c–d. Medial-dorsal denticles in frontal (c) and lateral (d) views. e. Caudal area, la" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066567/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">4e</figureCitation>
|
||
): one medial-dorsal thorn, anterior to pelvic girdle; 30 caudal thorns forming a single row; 5 interdorsal thorns forming a single row. Dermal denticles scarce on ventral surface of body. Ventral dermal denticles, small, flattened, with rounded crowns lacking longitudinal ridges, forming patches covering external margins of pectoral and pelvic fins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFE3FFCDFBDF255C78FFFDF3" box="[1123,1212,582,608]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,465,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-67@12.[189,1398,465,1840]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 4. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dermal denticle shapes and patterns. a. Rostral area, frontal view. b. Interorbital area. c–d. Medial-dorsal denticles in frontal (c) and lateral (d) views. e. Caudal area, la" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066567/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="F37202E2FFE3FFCDFB20255C78FFFDF3" box="[1180,1212,582,608]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="122" unit="g" value="4.0">4g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), scattered near cloaca, forming a narrow patch on each clasper, covering ventral surface of caudal peduncle except for its anterior portion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="60F5FF8FFFE0FFCEFF0320B17EADF87B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066561" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11066561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066561/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="121" startId="9.[191,234,1963,1989]" targetBox="[221,1369,439,1843]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE0FFCEFF0320B17EADF87B" blockId="9.[189,1399,1963,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE0FFCEFF0320B17D53F856" bold="true" box="[191,272,1963,1989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="121">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFE0FFCEFEA520B17EE9F856" authority="(Philippi, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[281,682,1963,1989]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE0FFCEFEA520B17DA3F856" box="[281,480,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="121">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="501BD2F6FFE0FFCEFE4F20B17EE2F856" author="Philippi" box="[499,673,1963,1989]" firstAuthor="Philippi" pageId="9" pageNumber="121" pagination="535 - 574" refId="ref14329" refString="Philippi R. A. 1887. Historia natural: sobre los tiburones i algunos otros peces de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile (1887) 71 (seccion 1): 535 - 574. Available from https: // doi. org / 10.5354 / 0717 - 8883.1887.23750 [accessed 15 Apr. 2024] -" type="journal article" year="1887">Philippi, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neotype, ♂ (1004 mm total length; MNHNCL ICT 7625), fresh specimen.
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE0FFCEFEC020D47DC8F87B" bold="true" box="[380,395,1998,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="121">a</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE0FFCEFD8920D47E06F87B" bold="true" box="[565,581,1998,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="121">b</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE3FFCDFF0125D47F6EFCE7" blockId="10.[189,1400,717,885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE3FFCDFF0125D47D70FD75" baselines="737,737" box="[189,307,718,744]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Dentition" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">DENTITION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFE3FFCDFEFA25D47DCCFD7B" box="[326,399,717,744]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1347,879,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-199@13.[189,1398,868,1878]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 5. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887), adult ♂, obtained from the fishmarket of Higuerillas, central Chile, date of capture 18 Mar. 2020 (collection code CCM-1228, Chondrolab, Universidad deValparaíso). Close up of individual teeth not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066569/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tooth count 9–
|
||
<quantity id="F37202E2FFE3FFCDFDE625D47EC4FD7B" box="[602,647,718,744]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="10" pageNumber="122" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
|
||
upper jaw, 10–
|
||
<quantity id="F37202E2FFE3FFCDFCFC25D47F3EFD7B" box="[832,893,718,744]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="10" pageNumber="122" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
lower jaw; symphysial teeth absent. Teeth with a single cusp, not serrated; cusps relatively short, lingually bent, drop-shaped; labial face of cusps convex, rounded near base; crown foot broad, projecting laterally on first three series from symphysis on upper teeth, breaking to form a right angle, projecting laterally in the remaining series; roots short, wide, merging from lateral projections of crown feet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE3FFCAFF0124867916FEFA" blockId="10.[189,1399,924,986]" lastBlockId="13.[189,1398,265,362]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE3FFCDFF0124867D5DFC27" baselines="943,943" box="[189,286,924,950]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Clasper" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">CLASPER</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE3FFCDFE9A24BB7DD0FC27" baselines="943" box="[294,403,929,948]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="external" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">EXTERNAL</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE3FFCDFE2724BB7E6EFC27" baselines="943" box="[411,557,929,948]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="morphology" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">MORPHOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFE3FFCDFD8224867ED7FC25" box="[574,660,924,950]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[190,1390,824,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-184@14.[189,1398,824,1806]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) (voucher MNHNCL ICT 7626), clasper morphology.a. External. b–c. Skeletal dorsal (b) and ventral (c) views. Abbreviations: acd = accessory dorsal marginal cartilage; ap = apopyle; ax =axial cartilage; cg = clasper groove; cgl = clasper glans; crh = cover rhipidion; dm = dorsal marginal; dt = dorsal terminal; dt2 = dorsal terminal 2; gcr = globular cartilaginous rod; hyp = hypopyle; rh = rhipidion; vm = ventral marginal cartilage; vt = ventral terminal; vt2 = ventral terminal 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066571/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">Fig. 6a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clasper elongated, flattened ventrally, convex dorsally, broad at base, pointed to tip, extending posteriorly less than one-third of clasper inner length beyond pelvic free rear tip. Clasper groove elongated, oblique anteriorly to reach dorsal mid-line of clasper, straight on middle, oblique distally; apopyle visible dorsally; globular cartilaginous rod conspicuous along clasper groove, reaching anterior margin of clasper glans; hypopyle anterior on clasper glans, anterior to rhipidion; rhipidion terminal, elongated, flap-like, projecting laterally from hypopyle to base of cover rhipidion, partially covering dorsal surface of glans. Pseudopera not found near hypopyle on clasper glans; cover rhipidion flap-like, relatively thick, well developed, narrow, width about one-fourth of clasper width at pelvic fin free rear tip, positioned terminally on clasper glans. Pseudosiphon absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="60F5FF8FFFE3FFCDFF0320B17965F87B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066563" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11066563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066563/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="122" startId="10.[191,234,1963,1989]" targetBox="[194,1398,1083,1889]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE3FFCDFF0320B17965F87B" blockId="10.[189,1398,1963,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE3FFCDFF0320B17D52F856" bold="true" box="[191,273,1963,1989]" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFE3FFCDFEA620B17EEDF856" authority="(Philippi, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[282,686,1963,1989]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE3FFCDFEA620B17DA0F856" box="[282,483,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="501BD2F6FFE3FFCDFE4A20B17EE6F856" author="Philippi" box="[502,677,1963,1989]" firstAuthor="Philippi" pageId="10" pageNumber="122" pagination="535 - 574" refId="ref14329" refString="Philippi R. A. 1887. Historia natural: sobre los tiburones i algunos otros peces de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile (1887) 71 (seccion 1): 535 - 574. Available from https: // doi. org / 10.5354 / 0717 - 8883.1887.23750 [accessed 15 Apr. 2024] -" type="journal article" year="1887">Philippi, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), illustration of the left anterior nasal flap.
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE3FFCDFE2220D47DEEF87B" bold="true" box="[414,429,1998,2024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">a</emphasis>
|
||
. Anterior barbel.
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE3FFCDFDC720D47EC8F87B" bold="true" box="[635,651,1998,2024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">b</emphasis>
|
||
. Median barbel.
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE3FFCDFCE820D47F22F87B" bold="true" box="[852,865,1998,2024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="122">c</emphasis>
|
||
. Posterior barbel. Illustrations by IFC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="60F5FF8FFFE2FFCCFF01200C7824F873" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066565" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11066565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066565/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="123" startId="11.[189,232,1814,1840]" targetBox="[189,1396,292,1746]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE2FFCCFF01200C7824F873" blockId="11.[188,1399,1814,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE2FFCCFF01200C7D49F8A3" bold="true" box="[189,266,1814,1840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="123">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFE2FFCCFEAD200D7ED5F8A2" authority="(Philippi, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[273,662,1814,1841]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE2FFCCFEAD200D7D97F8A3" box="[273,468,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="123">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="501BD2F6FFE2FFCCFE5E200C7ECEF8A2" author="Philippi" box="[482,653,1814,1841]" firstAuthor="Philippi" pageId="11" pageNumber="123" pagination="535 - 574" refId="ref14329" refString="Philippi R. A. 1887. Historia natural: sobre los tiburones i algunos otros peces de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile (1887) 71 (seccion 1): 535 - 574. Available from https: // doi. org / 10.5354 / 0717 - 8883.1887.23750 [accessed 15 Apr. 2024] -" type="journal article" year="1887">Philippi, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dorsal thorns.
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE2FFCCFB5E200D78B2F8A2" bold="true" box="[1250,1265,1815,1841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="123">a</emphasis>
|
||
. Patches of thorns on head forming three pairs; one pair on internarinal space (left one marked a1), second patch on pre-orbital area (a2), third patch on postorbital area (a3), two pairs of interspiracle thorns (a4).
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE2FFCCFAB02047795FF8E4" bold="true" box="[1292,1308,1885,1911]" pageId="11" pageNumber="123">b</emphasis>
|
||
. Single patch of 91–93 thorns on apex of each pectoral fin; thorns hooked, inwardly curved.
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE2FFCCFB0B209A7887F809" bold="true" box="[1207,1220,1920,1946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="123">c</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of a pectoral fin thorn.
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE2FFCCFE2A20BE7DE5F82D" bold="true" box="[406,422,1956,1982]" pageId="11" pageNumber="123">d</emphasis>
|
||
. 36 dorsal hooked thorns forming a single row: one medial-dorsal thorn anterior to pelvic girdle followed by 30 caudal thorns and 5 interdorsal thorns (not shown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="60F5FF8FFFE5FFCBFF01207E7E16F856" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11066567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066567/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="124" startId="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" targetBox="[189,1398,465,1840]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE5FFCBFF01207E7E16F856" blockId="12.[188,1398,1892,1990]" pageId="12" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE5FFCBFF01207E7D49F8EC" bold="true" box="[189,266,1892,1919]" pageId="12" pageNumber="124">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFE5FFCBFEAD207F7ED5F8EC" authority="(Philippi, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[273,662,1893,1919]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE5FFCBFEAD207F7D97F8EC" box="[273,468,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="124">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="501BD2F6FFE5FFCBFE5E207F7ECEF8EC" author="Philippi" box="[482,653,1893,1919]" firstAuthor="Philippi" pageId="12" pageNumber="124" pagination="535 - 574" refId="ref14329" refString="Philippi R. A. 1887. Historia natural: sobre los tiburones i algunos otros peces de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile (1887) 71 (seccion 1): 535 - 574. Available from https: // doi. org / 10.5354 / 0717 - 8883.1887.23750 [accessed 15 Apr. 2024] -" type="journal article" year="1887">Philippi, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neotype, ♂ (MNHNCL ICT 7625), dermal denticle shapes and patterns.
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE5FFCBFE9420927D74F831" bold="true" box="[296,311,1928,1954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="124">a</emphasis>
|
||
. Rostral area, frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE5FFCBFDCB20927EC4F831" bold="true" box="[631,647,1928,1954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="124">b</emphasis>
|
||
. Interorbital area.
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE5FFCBFCE220927FC8F831" bold="true" box="[862,907,1928,1954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="124">c–d</emphasis>
|
||
. Medial-dorsal denticles in frontal (c) and lateral (d) views.
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE5FFCBFE3620B17DD4F856" bold="true" box="[394,407,1963,1989]" pageId="12" pageNumber="124">e</emphasis>
|
||
. Caudal area, la
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE4FFCAFF01268B7F72FC98" blockId="13.[186,1399,401,779]" pageId="13" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE4FFCAFF01268B7D5DFE3A" baselines="420,420" box="[189,286,401,427]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Clasper" pageId="13" pageNumber="125">CLASPER</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="32D339DBFFE4FFCAFE9F268C7DCDFE3A" baselines="420" box="[291,398,406,425]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="skeleton" pageId="13" pageNumber="125">SKELETON</smallCapsWord>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFE4FFCAFE20268B7E4EFE38" box="[412,525,401,427]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[190,1390,824,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-184@14.[189,1398,824,1806]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) (voucher MNHNCL ICT 7626), clasper morphology.a. External. b–c. Skeletal dorsal (b) and ventral (c) views. Abbreviations: acd = accessory dorsal marginal cartilage; ap = apopyle; ax =axial cartilage; cg = clasper groove; cgl = clasper glans; crh = cover rhipidion; dm = dorsal marginal; dt = dorsal terminal; dt2 = dorsal terminal 2; gcr = globular cartilaginous rod; hyp = hypopyle; rh = rhipidion; vm = ventral marginal cartilage; vt = ventral terminal; vt2 = ventral terminal 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066571/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="125">Fig. 6b–c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clasper components surrounding axial cartilage.Axial cartilage elongated, slightly flattened. Dorsal terminal cartilage elongated, narrow, and distally pointed. Dorsal terminal 2 cartilage narrow, flattened, and shorter than dorsal terminal cartilage. Dorsal terminal 3 cartilage small, visible on x-rays but probably lost during preparation. Dorsal marginal cartilage triangular, narrow anteriorly, broadens distally, fused anteriorly with axial cartilage and fused laterally with accessory dorsal marginal cartilage. Accessory dorsal marginal cartilage triangular, longer than dorsal marginal cartilage, posterior apex projected on anterior portion of dorsal terminal 2 cartilage. Ventral terminal cartilage triangular, pointed distally, partially covered by dorsal terminal cartilages in dorsal view. Ventral terminal 2 cartilage broad, outer portion inwardly folded, projected dorsally, partially involving ventral terminal cartilage. Ventral marginal cartilage relatively large, fused proximally with axial cartilage in ventral view, inwardly folded, and projected dorsally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="60F5FF8FFFE4FFCAFF0120927ED6F87B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066569" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11066569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066569/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="125" startId="13.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[213,1347,879,1810]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE4FFCAFF0120927ED6F87B" blockId="13.[186,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="13" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE4FFCAFF0120927D4FF831" bold="true" box="[189,268,1928,1954]" pageId="13" pageNumber="125">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFE4FFCAFEA920927EE3F831" authority="(Philippi, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[277,672,1928,1954]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE4FFCAFEA920927D99F831" box="[277,474,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="125">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="501BD2F6FFE4FFCAFE5620927ED4F831" author="Philippi" box="[490,663,1928,1954]" firstAuthor="Philippi" pageId="13" pageNumber="125" pagination="535 - 574" refId="ref14329" refString="Philippi R. A. 1887. Historia natural: sobre los tiburones i algunos otros peces de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile (1887) 71 (seccion 1): 535 - 574. Available from https: // doi. org / 10.5354 / 0717 - 8883.1887.23750 [accessed 15 Apr. 2024] -" type="journal article" year="1887">Philippi, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult ♂, obtained from the fishmarket of Higuerillas, central Chile, date of capture 18 Mar. 2020 (collection code CCM-1228, Chondrolab, Universidad de Valparaíso). Close up of individual teeth not to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7C90FC8CFFE7FFD7FF0126137D5CFB5D" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="14" pageNumber="126" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE7FFC9FF0126137DEFFEB0" blockId="14.[189,428,265,291]" box="[189,428,265,291]" pageId="14" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<heading id="6F7D186BFFE7FFC9FF0126137DEFFEB0" bold="true" box="[189,428,265,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="126" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE7FFC9FF0126137DEFFEB0" bold="true" box="[189,428,265,291]" pageId="14" pageNumber="126">Molecular analyses</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE7FFC9FF01262D78B1FDD4" blockId="14.[189,1400,311,584]" pageId="14" pageNumber="126">
|
||
All markers were successfully amplified in both specimens, which had identical haplotypes for the three markers. A fragment of 675 base pairs (bp) was obtained for CO1, 592 bp for 16S, and 1311 bp for NADH2. The NADH2 sequences were new for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFE7FFC9FD4626647FFDFE04" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[762,958,382,408]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE7FFC9FD4626647FFDFE04" box="[762,958,382,408]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="126">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additional n = 18 CO1, n =
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="51BEC9C0FFE7FFC9FA9F26647934FE04" box="[1315,1399,381,408]" degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="126" precision="925" value="-18.266666">18 16S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and n = 10 NADH2 GenBank sequences were considered, including CO1 and 16S sequences of other specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFE7FFC9FEDE26DE7D95FE4D" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[354,470,452,478]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE7FFC9FEDE26DE7D95FE4D" box="[354,470,452,478]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="126">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a different locality (Supp. file 1.3). Three CO1 sequences of 658 bp and three 16S sequences of 572 bp were obtained from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="501BD2F6FFE7FFC9FC9926FD786DFD92" author="Stelbrink" box="[805,1070,487,513]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stelbrink" pageId="14" pageNumber="126" pagination="395 - 404" refId="ref14824" refString="Stelbrink B., von Rintelen T., Cliff G. & Kriwet J. 2010. Molecular systematics and global phylogeography of angel sharks (genus Squatina). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54 (2): 395 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.07.029" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Stelbrink
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE7FFC9FC2626F27F96FD92" box="[922,981,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, while four CO1 sequences of 610 bp were retrieved from the supplementary material of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="501BD2F6FFE7FFC9FC0A25107960FDB7" author="Canedo-Apolaya" box="[950,1315,522,548]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canedo-Apolaya" pageId="14" pageNumber="126" pagination="177" refId="ref11404" refString="Canedo-Apolaya R. M., Ortiz-Alvarez C., Alfaro-Cordova E., Alfaro-Shigueto J., Velez-Zuazo X., Mangel J. C., Siccha-Ramirez R., Yamashiro C. & Ramirez J. L. 2021. Species delimitation of Southeast Pacific angel sharks (Squatina spp.) reveals hidden diversity through DNA Barcoding. Diversity 13 (5): 177. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / d 13050177" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Cañedo-Apolaya
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE7FFC9FB3B25117885FDB7" box="[1159,1222,522,548]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Three unpublished NADH2 sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFE7FFC9FDE025347E8CFDD4" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[604,719,558,584]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE7FFC9FDE025347E8CFDD4" box="[604,719,558,584]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="126">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and three of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFE7FFC9FCD52534784BFDD4" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[873,1032,557,584]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE7FFC9FCD52534784BFDD4" box="[873,1032,557,584]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="126">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were also included.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE7FFC9FF0125757D04FD5C" blockId="14.[189,1399,623,719]" pageId="14" pageNumber="126">The fragment consensus lengths after alignment were 610 bp for CO1, 587 bp for 16S and 1044 bp for NADH2. Each gene showed little saturation according to DAMBE and were concatenated (2289 bp, 11 species).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="60F5FF8FFFE7FFC9FF01205B793BF87B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066571" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11066571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066571/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="126" startId="14.[189,232,1857,1883]" targetBox="[190,1390,824,1806]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFE7FFC9FF01205B793BF87B" blockId="14.[186,1400,1857,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE7FFC9FF01205B7D4BF8C8" bold="true" box="[189,264,1857,1883]" pageId="14" pageNumber="126">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFE7FFC9FEB120587ECAF8CF" authority="(Philippi, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[269,649,1857,1884]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE7FFC9FEB120587D8CF8C8" box="[269,463,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="126">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="501BD2F6FFE7FFC9FE67205B7EC2F8CF" author="Philippi" box="[475,641,1857,1884]" firstAuthor="Philippi" pageId="14" pageNumber="126" pagination="535 - 574" refId="ref14329" refString="Philippi R. A. 1887. Historia natural: sobre los tiburones i algunos otros peces de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile (1887) 71 (seccion 1): 535 - 574. Available from https: // doi. org / 10.5354 / 0717 - 8883.1887.23750 [accessed 15 Apr. 2024] -" type="journal article" year="1887">Philippi, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(voucher MNHNCL ICT 7626), clasper morphology.
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE7FFC9FB52205878BEF8CF" bold="true" box="[1262,1277,1858,1884]" pageId="14" pageNumber="126">a</emphasis>
|
||
. External.
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFE7FFC9FF06207F7CA5F8EC" bold="true" box="[186,230,1893,1919]" pageId="14" pageNumber="126">b–c</emphasis>
|
||
. Skeletal dorsal (b) and ventral (c) views. Abbreviations: acd = accessory dorsal marginal cartilage; ap = apopyle; ax =axial cartilage; cg = clasper groove; cgl = clasper glans; crh = cover rhipidion; dm = dorsal marginal; dt = dorsal terminal; dt2 = dorsal terminal 2; gcr = globular cartilaginous rod; hyp = hypopyle; rh = rhipidion; vm = ventral marginal cartilage; vt = ventral terminal; vt2 = ventral terminal 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="60F5FF8FFFF9FFD7FF0126137CBDFEF9" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" startId="16.[189,259,265,291]">
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFF9FFD7FF0126137CBDFEF9" blockId="16.[188,1399,265,362]" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FF0126137D61FEB0" bold="true" box="[189,290,265,291]" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
The p-distances between angel sharks using the NADH2 sequences. Bold numbers highlight comparisons of the neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FD9C26377FE0FED5" authority="(Philippi, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[544,931,300,327]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FD9C26377EA0FED5" box="[544,739,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">Squatina armata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="501BD2F6FFF9FFD7FD4E26367FD8FED5" author="Philippi" box="[754,923,300,326]" firstAuthor="Philippi" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" pagination="535 - 574" refId="ref14329" refString="Philippi R. A. 1887. Historia natural: sobre los tiburones i algunos otros peces de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile (1887) 71 (seccion 1): 535 - 574. Available from https: // doi. org / 10.5354 / 0717 - 8883.1887.23750 [accessed 15 Apr. 2024] -" type="journal article" year="1887">Philippi, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FB2226377CB9FEF9" authority="Dumeril, 1805" authorityName="Dumeril" authorityYear="1805" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FB2226377945FED4" box="[1182,1286,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">Squatina</emphasis>
|
||
Duméril, 1805
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFF9FFD7FF0125F57F49FC4F" blockId="16.[188,1400,751,989]" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">
|
||
The p-distances calculated for the NADH2 sequences between the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EB3111A5FFF9FFD7FC7425EA7866FC99" box="[968,1061,752,778]" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FBF725F578FFFC9A" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1099,1212,751,777]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FBF725F578FFFC9A" box="[1099,1212,751,777]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other angel sharks ranged between 0.0623 (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FDD024097F49FCBF" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[620,778,786,813]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FDD024097F49FCBF" box="[620,778,786,813]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and 0.1092 (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FC562409782FFCBF" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[1002,1132,786,813]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FC562409782FFCBF" box="[1002,1132,786,813]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. aculeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="79089ABCFFF9FFD7FB39240878A3FCBF" box="[1157,1248,786,812]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="16.[189,259,265,291]" captionText="Table 2. The p-distances between angel sharks using the NADH2 sequences. Bold numbers highlight comparisons of the neotype of Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) with other species of Squatina Duméril, 1805." pageId="16" pageNumber="128">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The lowest values were obtained between the species from the American continent (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FBA3242C78D0FCDC" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1055,1171,822,848]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FBA3242C78D0FCDC" box="[1055,1171,822,848]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FB1F242C7900FCDC" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[1187,1347,821,848]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FB1F242C7900FCDC" box="[1187,1347,821,848]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FF0124437D7BFCE0" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[189,312,857,883]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FF0124437D7BFCE0" box="[189,312,857,883]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The CO
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="51BEC9C0FFF9FFD7FE0524437E43FCE1" box="[441,512,856,883]" degrees="1, 16" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" precision="555" value="-1.16">1, 16S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and NADH2 sequences from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EB3111A5FFF9FFD7FC2724437FBBFCE0" box="[923,1016,857,883]" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and voucher specimen grouped with the other sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FDAE24667EC5FC05" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[530,646,892,918]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FDAE24667EC5FC05" box="[530,646,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the NJ trees. NJ trees constructed using the CO
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="51BEC9C0FFF9FFD7FB482466797EFC05" box="[1268,1341,892,918]" degrees="1, 16" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" precision="555" value="-1.16">1, 16S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, and NADH2 datasets also showed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FD9C24857ED0FC2A" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[544,659,927,953]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FD9C24857ED0FC2A" box="[544,659,927,953]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister group to all other American species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FB1B24857905FC2A" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[1191,1350,927,953]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FB1B24857905FC2A" box="[1191,1350,927,953]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FF0024D97D76FC4F" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[188,309,962,989]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FF0024D97D76FC4F" box="[188,309,962,989]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which formed their own clade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFF9FFD7FD0824D87EBFFC4F" box="[692,764,962,988]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-14@15.[189,1398,300,1982]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7 (see previous page). Neighbour-Joining tree of the angel shark CO1, 16S and NADH2 sequences included in this study. Non-American species reduced to one sequence per species for illustrative purposes. Approximate geographic distributions of the species are colour-coded. Sampling location and position in the NJ tree of the Squatina armata (Philippi, 1887) vouchers MNHNCL ICT 7625 (neotype) and MNHNCL ICT 7626 are indicated with orange circles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11069319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11069319/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3435AF07FFF9FFD7FF01231E7D5CFB5D" blockId="16.[188,1400,1028,1230]" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">
|
||
The Bayesian inference tree had the single Australian species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FC01231E7932FB8D" authority="Last & White, 2008" authorityName="Last & White" authorityYear="2008" box="[957,1393,1028,1054]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albipunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FC01231E7830FB8D" box="[957,1139,1028,1054]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. albipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="501BD2F6FFF9FFD7FBC2231E7932FB8D" author="Last P. R. & White W. T." box="[1150,1393,1028,1054]" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref13254" refString="Last P. R. & White W. T. 2008. Three new angel sharks (Chondrichthyes: Squatinidae) from the Indo- Australian region. Zootaxa 1734: 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1734.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Last & White, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as a sister group to the remaining ten species, which branched off into two main groups: an American clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FEAD23507DF5FBF7" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1859" box="[273,438,1098,1124]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FEAD23507DF5FBF7" box="[273,438,1098,1124]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FE4A23507E37FBF7" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1818" box="[502,628,1098,1124]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FE4A23507E37FBF7" box="[502,628,1098,1124]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FD0023507F70FBF7" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[700,819,1098,1124]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FD0023507F70FBF7" box="[700,819,1098,1124]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and another group composed of a European-African subgroup (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FE2223747E61FB14" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[414,546,1133,1160]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FE2223747E61FB14" box="[414,546,1133,1160]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. aculeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FD8C23747EE4FB14" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1840" box="[560,679,1133,1160]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FD8C23747EE4FB14" box="[560,679,1133,1160]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. oculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FD5923747F2AFB14" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[741,873,1134,1160]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="squatina">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FD5923747F2AFB14" box="[741,873,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. squatina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and an Asian subgroup (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FB2523747D02FB38" authority="Shen & Ting, 1972" authorityName="Shen & Ting" authorityYear="1972" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FB2523747954FB14" box="[1177,1303,1133,1160]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. formosa</emphasis>
|
||
Shen & Ting, 1972
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FEF2238B7EC5FB38" authority="Bleeker, 1858" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" box="[334,646,1168,1195]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FEF2238B7D96FB39" box="[334,469,1169,1195]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
Bleeker, 1858
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FD2F238B7FFEFB39" authority="Regan, 1906" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1906" box="[659,957,1168,1195]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FD2F238B7F5FFB39" box="[659,796,1168,1195]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
Regan, 1906
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38AD484FFF9FFD7FC41238B792DFB39" authority="Chen, 1963" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1963" box="[1021,1390,1168,1195]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tergocellatoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="06FE7315FFF9FFD7FC41238B7898FB39" box="[1021,1243,1168,1195]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">S. tergocellatoides</emphasis>
|
||
Chen, 1963
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ACB1B382FFF9FFD7FF7A23AE7D4CFB5D" box="[198,271,1204,1230]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1205,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-377@17.[189,1398,1205,1850]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Bayesian inference phylogenetic reconstruction of 11 species ofSquatina Duméril, 1805 for which CO1, 16S and NADH2 sequences were available. Species groups are colour-coded in the phylogeny and the geographic distributions on the map. Sampling location of the S. armata (Philippi, 1887) vouchers MNHNCL ICT 7625 (neotype) and MNHNCL ICT 7626 is indicated with an orange circle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066573/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="128">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |