treatments-xml/data/9A/68/4B/9A684B45300E7129FED57B34E33FE0A5.xml

<document id="85B3D8F806A3C9A84B64E06AD48BE672" ID-CLB-Dataset="247062" ID-DOI="10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="91920336-beb5-42bc-bcc4-a1ad7c112d3b" ID-ISSN="1776-100X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7829356" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1681178469700" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="S, Jadson José, Oliveira, ouza de, Capelari, Marina, Margaritescu, Simona &amp; Moncalvo, Jean-Marc" docDate="2022" docId="9A684B45300E7129FED57B34E33FE0A5" docLanguage="en" docName="CryptogamieMycologie.43.5.91-137.pdf" docOrigin="Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:81F49AB8619EB7E5D11A6328441E2653.3:CryptogamieMycologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="81F49AB8619EB7E5D11A6328441E2653" docStyleName="CryptogamieMycologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Marasmius gardneri Singer" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="106" masterDocId="6651333D30037138FFE47C68E234E749" masterDocTitle="Disentangling cryptic species in the Marasmius haematocephalus (Mont.) Fr. and M. siccus (Schwein.) Fr. species complexes (Agaricales, Basidiomycota)" masterLastPageNumber="137" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1699513765974" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="992B5CF8ACF1D5D021A4B23B59BFDFF0">Disentangling cryptic species in the Marasmius haematocephalus (Mont.) Fr. and M. siccus (Schwein.) Fr. species complexes (Agaricales, Basidiomycota)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B7ACE12080E962A0BD86FBB3A5327117">S, Jadson José</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7D6B4ECC7B19816CD802A7F877A8F10E">Oliveira, ouza de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="445139949928332DA6D4A3DC49119522">Capelari, Marina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="994B03CF19B75BEE8DDE0E39D519068A">Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301 - 012, São Paulo, SP (Brazil)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6EC935E6BB28E23B510F96BEDF3D83B3">Margaritescu, Simona</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="534A2CA964BEAE587FF0450061017DF8">Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park M 5 S 2 C 6, Toronto, ON (Canada)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AC2BB67C5B181BDD699757C2665390F4">Moncalvo, Jean-Marc</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="02FD761D51E94C0FA760890C6BE3ED0A">Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park M 5 S 2 C 6, Toronto, ON (Canada) and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, M 5 S 3 B 2, Toronto, ON (Canada)</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="5ADBA9D8300E7135FED57B34E06DE03F" box="[305,601,1884,1911]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="127EFA53300E7135FED57B34E06DE03F" blockId="13.[305,601,1884,1911]" box="[305,601,1884,1911]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="49364D3F300E7135FED57B34E06DE03F" box="[305,601,1884,1911]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300E7135FED57B34E06DE03F" ID-CoL="3XZFC" ID-ENA="2943462" authority="Singer" authorityName="Singer" box="[305,601,1884,1911]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FED57B34E03AE03E" bold="true" box="[305,526,1884,1911]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Marasmius gardneri</emphasis>
Singer
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<paragraph id="127EFA53300E7135FE627B14E031E0DE" blockId="13.[390,517,1916,1943]" box="[390,517,1916,1943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="49364D3F300E7135FE627B14E031E0DE" box="[390,517,1916,1943]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" reason="3">
(
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300E7135FE697B14E3D6E0DE" box="[397,482,1916,1943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[237,248,1851,1869]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,215,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-79@12.[134,1457,215,1806]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Pictures of fresh basidiomata: A, Marasmius bambusinus (Fr.) Fr. (JO343); B, M. gardneri Singer (JO491). Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829376/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300E7135FE0A7B14E3C8E0DF" box="[494,508,1916,1942]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[136,1449,215,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[132,1455,215,1858]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Marasmius gardneri Singer (JO491): A1, A2, basidiomata; B, basidiospores; C, basidioles; D, pleurocystidia; E, cheilocystidia; F, Siccus-type broom cells of the pileipellis. Scale bar: A1, 10.8 mm; A2, 5.9 mm; B-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829382/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">8</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5ADBA9D8300E7135FF7F7BD0E1CAE643" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="127EFA53300E7135FF7F7BD0E0DAE0A2" blockId="13.[134,775,1976,2027]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FF7F7BD0E2DEE099" box="[155,234,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Sydowia</emphasis>
12 (1-6): 114 (
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300E7135FE697BD0E03CE099" author="SINGER R." box="[397,520,1976,2000]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" pagination="54 - 145" refId="ref41080" refString="SINGER R. 1958 [1959]. - Studies toward a monograph of South America species of Marasmius. Sydowia 12: 54 - 145." type="journal article" year="1958">Singer 1958</bibRefCitation>
). — Type: 
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FD9B7BD0E08EE099" bold="true" box="[639,698,1976,2000]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
<collectingCountry id="6AD6BAC3300E7135FD9B7BD0E08EE099" box="[639,698,1976,2000]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<collectingRegion id="D00534B1300E7135FD2D7BD0E2CAE0A2" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Minas Gerais State</collectingRegion>
, Gardner (Hooker Herbarium set at K), 
<typeStatus id="CD7A44F1300E7135FD747BBBE0DEE0A2" box="[656,746,2003,2027]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300E7135FCC97CB0E1CAE643" blockId="13.[813,1455,215,266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
<treatmentCitation id="9360DC42300E7135FCC97CB0E1CEE643" author="Singer" journal="Flora Neotropica" page="223" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" score="42.50197391935036" volume="17" year="1976">
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300E7135FCC97CB0E6ECE7A6" ID-CoL="3XZFC" authority="Singer" authorityName="Singer" box="[813,1240,215,239]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="ferrugineus" variety="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FCC97CB0E63EE7A6" box="[813,1034,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Marasmius ferrugineus</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FBDB7CBFE6A4E7A6" box="[1087,1168,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">gardneri</emphasis>
Singer
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FB017CBFE7BCE7A6" box="[1253,1416,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Flora Neotropica</emphasis>
17: 223 (
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300E7135FC9C7C9AE1C4E643" author="SINGER R." box="[888,1008,242,266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref41190" refString="SINGER R. 1976. - Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 17: 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1976">Singer 1976</bibRefCitation>
)
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5ADBA9D8300E7135FCC97D4AE77FE543" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="127EFA53300E7135FCC97D4AE749E626" blockId="13.[811,1457,290,367]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
EPITYPE. — 
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FC7B7D4AE1EDE673" bold="true" box="[927,985,290,314]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
<collectingCountry id="6AD6BAC3300E7135FC7B7D4AE1EDE673" box="[927,985,290,314]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<collectingRegion id="D00534B1300E7135FC027D4AE64DE673" box="[998,1145,290,314]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">São Paulo State</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="D00534B1300E7135FB657D4AE6EAE673" box="[1153,1246,290,314]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
City, Parque Estadual da Cantareira, Núcleo Engordador, 
<date id="667FDC93300E7135FB767D55E6CBE61C" box="[1170,1279,317,341]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" value="2012-02-16">16.II.2012</date>
, 
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FAEB7D55E1DFE626" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">J.J.S. Oliveira &amp; M. Capelari JO491</emphasis>
(epi-, designated here, SP[SP 445564]!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300E7135FCC97DE0E77FE543" blockId="13.[811,1455,391,522]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
ADDITIONAL EXAMINED MATERIAL. — 
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FB477DEFE6EAE6D6" bold="true" box="[1187,1246,391,415]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
<collectingCountry id="6AD6BAC3300E7135FB477DEFE6EAE6D6" box="[1187,1246,391,415]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<collectingRegion id="D00534B1300E7135FB0E7DE0E7B7E6E9" box="[1258,1411,391,416]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">São Paulo State</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="D00534B1300E7135FA687DE0E157E6F3" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
City, Parque Estadual da Cantareira, Núcleo Engordador, 
<date id="667FDC93300E7135FCCA7DD5E1AEE69C" box="[814,922,445,469]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" value="2011-10-31">31.X.2011</date>
, 
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FC457DD5E6CDE69C" box="[929,1273,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">J.J.S. Oliveira &amp; M. Capelari JO387</emphasis>
(SP[SP 445521]!); 
<date id="667FDC93300E7135FCCF7DB0E191E6B9" box="[811,933,472,496]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" value="2011-12-19">19.XII.2011</date>
, 
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FC4B7DB0E6C9E6B9" box="[943,1277,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">J.J.S. Oliveira &amp; M. Capelari JO438</emphasis>
(SP[SP 445532]!); 
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FCCF7D9BE6B9E543" box="[811,1165,498,522]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">J.J.S. Oliveira &amp; M. Capelari JO454</emphasis>
(SP[SP 445542]!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5ADBA9D8300E7135FCC97E4BE784E51C" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="127EFA53300E7135FCC97E4BE784E51C" blockId="13.[813,1456,546,597]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
HABIT AND SUBSTRATE. — Marasmioid (
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300E7135FB237E4AE723E573" box="[1223,1303,546,570]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[237,248,1851,1869]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,215,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-79@12.[134,1457,215,1806]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Pictures of fresh basidiomata: A, Marasmius bambusinus (Fr.) Fr. (JO343); B, M. gardneri Singer (JO491). Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829376/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300E7135FAC77E4BE772E572" box="[1315,1350,547,571]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[136,1449,215,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[132,1455,215,1858]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Marasmius gardneri Singer (JO491): A1, A2, basidiomata; B, basidiospores; C, basidioles; D, pleurocystidia; E, cheilocystidia; F, Siccus-type broom cells of the pileipellis. Scale bar: A1, 10.8 mm; A2, 5.9 mm; B-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829382/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">8A</figureCitation>
1), gregarious, on eudicotyledonous dried leaves and twigs in the forest litter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5ADBA9D8300E7135FCC97E06E792E46F" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="127EFA53300E7135FCC97E06E792E46F" blockId="13.[813,1457,621,806]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
DISTRIBUTION. — This species was established with a 
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FAAE7E06E163E5E9" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">nomen novum</emphasis>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300E7135FC927EE0E1CAE5E9" author="SINGER R." box="[886,1022,648,672]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" pagination="54 - 145" refId="ref41080" refString="SINGER R. 1958 [1959]. - Studies toward a monograph of South America species of Marasmius. Sydowia 12: 54 - 145." type="journal article" year="1958">Singer (1958)</bibRefCitation>
based on the 
<typeStatus id="CD7A44F1300E7135FB617EE0E69BE5E9" box="[1157,1199,648,672]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300E7135FAC07EE1E79BE5E9" box="[1316,1455,648,672]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FAC07EE1E79BE5E9" box="[1316,1455,648,672]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
originally from 
<collectingRegion id="D00534B1300E7135FC2C7ECBE6B7E5F2" box="[968,1155,675,699]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Minas Gerais State</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="6AD6BAC3300E7135FB757ECBE6F9E5F2" box="[1169,1229,675,699]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) collected by Gardner. This 
<typeStatus id="CD7A44F1300E7135FC847ED6E1BEE59F" box="[864,906,702,726]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">type</typeStatus>
consisted of a mix of two close species, later split into two sets where the “Hooker Herbarium set” of basidiomata is the 
<typeStatus id="CD7A44F1300E7135FCC97E9BE163E442" box="[813,855,755,779]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">type</typeStatus>
of this species. Additional collections listed by 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300E7135FACD7E9BE79DE442" author="SINGER R." box="[1321,1449,755,779]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" pagination="54 - 145" refId="ref41080" refString="SINGER R. 1958 [1959]. - Studies toward a monograph of South America species of Marasmius. Sydowia 12: 54 - 145." type="journal article" year="1958">Singer (1958</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300E7135FCC97F65E154E46C" author="SINGER R." box="[813,864,781,805]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref41190" refString="SINGER R. 1976. - Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 17: 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
) are from the Amazonas and 
<collectingRegion id="D00534B1300E7135FB607F66E724E46F" box="[1156,1296,782,806]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
States (
<collectingCountry id="6AD6BAC3300E7135FAB87F66E7AFE46F" box="[1372,1435,782,806]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Brazil</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5ADBA9D8300E7137FCC97F3EE332E0A2" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" type="description">
<paragraph id="127EFA53300E7135FCC97F3EE1F4E427" blockId="13.[813,960,854,880]" box="[813,960,854,880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="49364D3F300E7135FCC97F3EE1F4E427" box="[813,960,854,880]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" reason="5">DESCRIPTION</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300E7135FCC97F1DE63FE4C6" blockId="13.[811,1457,885,1453]" box="[813,1035,885,911]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="49364D3F300E7135FCC97F1DE63FE4C6" box="[813,1035,885,911]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" reason="9">
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FCC97F1DE63FE4C6" box="[813,1035,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
Pileus (
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300E7135FC9C7F1DE1FCE4C6" box="[888,968,885,911]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[237,248,1851,1869]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,215,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-79@12.[134,1457,215,1806]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Pictures of fresh basidiomata: A, Marasmius bambusinus (Fr.) Fr. (JO343); B, M. gardneri Singer (JO491). Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829376/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300E7135FC317F1DE1C3E4C6" box="[981,1015,885,911]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[136,1449,215,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[132,1455,215,1858]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Marasmius gardneri Singer (JO491): A1, A2, basidiomata; B, basidiospores; C, basidioles; D, pleurocystidia; E, cheilocystidia; F, Siccus-type broom cells of the pileipellis. Scale bar: A1, 10.8 mm; A2, 5.9 mm; B-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829382/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">8A</figureCitation>
1)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300E7135FCC97FFDE740E2E4" blockId="13.[811,1457,885,1453]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
Up to 
<quantity id="D53957B6300E7135FC927FFDE18CE4E6" box="[886,952,917,943]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
diam. when immature, then 
<quantity id="D53957B6300E7135FB1F7FFDE756E4E6" box="[1275,1378,917,943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="3.0">3-18 mm</quantity>
diam., conical to campanulate (because of a broad umbo), or hemispheric, becoming convex, sometimes applanate, smooth when young, often becoming slightly sulcate, or strongly sulcate when fully developed, center umbonate, later tending to flat and sometimes wrinkled, margin decurved to straight, edge mostly entire, or slightly crenate; center dark reddish brown (N 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FCA878E9E14DE3DB" attach="both" box="[844,889,1153,1170]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">70-90</subScript>
Y 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FC6D78E9E183E3DB" attach="both" box="[905,951,1153,1170]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">90-99</subScript>
M 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FC3478E9E1CAE3DB" attach="left" box="[976,1022,1153,1170]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">80-90</subScript>
) to dark orangish brown (N 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FADE78E9E77AE3DB" attach="both" box="[1338,1358,1153,1170]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">60</subScript>
Y 
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M 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FA6F78E9E7ABE3DB" attach="left" box="[1419,1439,1153,1170]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">70</subScript>
), then becoming more pale chestnut red or fulvous “tawny” (N 
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Y 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FC9678A9E1B2E39B" attach="right" box="[882,902,1217,1234]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">60</subScript>
M 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FC4478A9E180E39B" attach="left" box="[928,948,1217,1234]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">60</subScript>
) or dark brown (N 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FB7178A9E69DE39B" attach="both" box="[1173,1193,1217,1234]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">60</subScript>
Y 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FB5E78A9E6DDE39B" attach="right" box="[1210,1257,1217,1234]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">70-80</subScript>
M 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FAE078A9E707E39B" attach="right" box="[1284,1331,1217,1234]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">90-99</subScript>
) especially when young, or rarely pale orange (N 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FB007889E6CCE3BB" attach="both" box="[1252,1272,1249,1266]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">10</subScript>
Y 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FAED7889E729E3BB" attach="both" box="[1289,1309,1249,1266]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">99</subScript>
M 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FADC7889E778E3BB" attach="left" box="[1336,1356,1249,1266]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">30</subScript>
) or pale pinkish brown (N 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FC157968E631E258" attach="both" box="[1009,1029,1280,1297]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">60</subScript>
Y 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FBF07968E61CE258" attach="both" box="[1044,1064,1280,1297]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">80</subScript>
M 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FBA67968E662E258" attach="left" box="[1090,1110,1280,1297]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">70</subScript>
), many times with darker sulci, some strongly ferruginous (N 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FB887948E6B4E278" attach="both" box="[1132,1152,1312,1329]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">80</subScript>
Y 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FB747948E690E278" attach="both" box="[1168,1188,1312,1329]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">99</subScript>
M 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FB597948E6E5E278" attach="left" box="[1213,1233,1312,1329]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">70</subScript>
), orangish brown to fulvous-ferruginous (N 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FBC77928E665E218" attach="both" box="[1059,1105,1344,1361]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">40-50</subScript>
Y 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FB857928E641E218" attach="both" box="[1121,1141,1344,1361]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">99</subScript>
M 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FB6A7928E696E218" attach="left" box="[1166,1186,1344,1361]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">60</subScript>
to N 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FB3C7928E732E218" attach="both" box="[1240,1286,1344,1361]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">40-50</subScript>
Y 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FAF27928E71EE218" attach="right" box="[1302,1322,1344,1361]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">99</subScript>
M 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FAA77928E763E218" attach="left" box="[1347,1367,1344,1361]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">70</subScript>
) toward the margin, and orange to ferruginous brown when dried (N 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FCAF79E8E16AE2D8" attach="both" box="[843,862,1408,1425]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">80</subScript>
Y 
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M 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FC7879E8E1FDE2D8" attach="right" box="[924,969,1408,1425]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">50-70</subScript>
); membranous, context white, thin (&lt;
<quantity id="D53957B6300E7135FA84791BE797E2C7" box="[1376,1443,1395,1422]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
); glabrous, dry, dull, subvelutinous, non-hygrophanous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300E7135FCC979BBE619E2A4" blockId="13.[813,1069,1491,1517]" box="[813,1069,1491,1517]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="49364D3F300E7135FCC979BBE619E2A4" box="[813,1069,1491,1517]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" reason="9">
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FCC979BBE619E2A4" box="[813,1069,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
Lamellae (
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300E7135FC7D79BBE1DDE2A4" box="[921,1001,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[237,248,1851,1869]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,215,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-79@12.[134,1457,215,1806]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Pictures of fresh basidiomata: A, Marasmius bambusinus (Fr.) Fr. (JO343); B, M. gardneri Singer (JO491). Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829376/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300E7135FC1379BBE623E2A4" box="[1015,1047,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[136,1449,215,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[132,1455,215,1858]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Marasmius gardneri Singer (JO491): A1, A2, basidiomata; B, basidiospores; C, basidioles; D, pleurocystidia; E, cheilocystidia; F, Siccus-type broom cells of the pileipellis. Scale bar: A1, 10.8 mm; A2, 5.9 mm; B-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829382/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">8A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300E7135FBF379BBE610E2A4" box="[1047,1060,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1578,1596]" captionTargetBox="[138,1439,185,1565]" captionTargetId="graphics-184@7.[148,1439,255,1524]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 2. — Best-scored Maximum Likelihood Tree (TL = 0.164547) built from multilocus (nrITS and nrLSU) analysis based on siccus_cp1 in Fig. 1 (DATASET 2a). Support values are BS (70 to 100%) and PP (0.95 to 1.0). Black, thick stems indicate high support and gray, thick stems indicate weak to moderate support. The gray shades highlight siccus_cp2a, siccus_cp2b, and M. siccus s. str. Blue arrows indicate the geographic origin of the strains. Global map is based on Olson &amp; Dinerstein (2002) with forested areas depicted in their biogeographic realms." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829364/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">2</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300E7135FCC9799BE685E1E5" blockId="13.[812,1456,1523,1709]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
Free to subfree, subdistant, 
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FB87799BE646E145" box="[1123,1138,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">L</emphasis>
= 12-16, equal, mostly simple, or very slightly intervenose in very mature basidiomata, 
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FCC87A5AE107E105" box="[812,819,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">l</emphasis>
= 0(-1), straight to slightly ventricose, opaque, smooth, white, or pale cream to whitish pink (N 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FB3B7A37E6C7E139" attach="both" box="[1247,1267,1631,1648]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">00</subScript>
Y 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FAE77A37E723E139" attach="both" box="[1283,1303,1631,1648]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">10</subScript>
M 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FAD47A37E769E139" attach="left" box="[1328,1373,1631,1648]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">00-10</subScript>
), edges even, non-marginate, concolorous with the lamellae faces as well as the interlamellar hymenium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300E7135FCC97ABAE636E1A5" blockId="13.[813,1026,1746,1772]" box="[813,1026,1746,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="49364D3F300E7135FCC97ABAE636E1A5" box="[813,1026,1746,1772]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="102" reason="9">
<emphasis id="20B52641300E7135FCC97ABAE636E1A5" box="[813,1026,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
Stipe (
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300E7135FC897ABAE18AE1A5" box="[877,958,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[237,248,1851,1869]" captionTargetBox="[134,1455,215,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-79@12.[134,1457,215,1806]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Pictures of fresh basidiomata: A, Marasmius bambusinus (Fr.) Fr. (JO343); B, M. gardneri Singer (JO491). Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829376/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300E7135FC287ABAE1DAE1A5" box="[972,1006,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[136,1449,215,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[132,1455,215,1858]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Marasmius gardneri Singer (JO491): A1, A2, basidiomata; B, basidiospores; C, basidioles; D, pleurocystidia; E, cheilocystidia; F, Siccus-type broom cells of the pileipellis. Scale bar: A1, 10.8 mm; A2, 5.9 mm; B-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829382/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">8A</figureCitation>
1)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300E7135FCC97A9AE626E0A2" blockId="13.[811,1457,1778,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">
15-44 × 
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, central, filiform, or thicker, almost cylindrical thin, equal, with circular to slightly compressed caliber, simple, chitinous, hollow, apex whitish (N 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FAFF7B56E71BE006" attach="right" box="[1307,1327,1854,1871]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">20</subScript>
Y 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FAA57B56E761E006" attach="right" box="[1345,1365,1854,1871]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">10</subScript>
M 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FA947B56E7B0E006" attach="right" box="[1392,1412,1854,1871]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">30</subScript>
) or pale brown (N 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FC2E7B36E1EAE026" attach="both" box="[970,990,1886,1903]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">30</subScript>
Y 
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M 
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), becoming brown (N 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FAC57B36E701E026" attach="both" box="[1313,1333,1886,1903]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">90</subScript>
Y 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FAA17B36E76DE026" attach="right" box="[1349,1369,1886,1903]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">90</subScript>
M 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FA967B36E7ABE026" attach="left" box="[1394,1439,1886,1903]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">50-60</subScript>
), reaching dark brown (N 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FBA77B16E663E0C6" attach="right" box="[1091,1111,1918,1935]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">99</subScript>
Y 
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M 
<subScript id="8E45F816300E7135FB737B16E69FE0C6" attach="right" box="[1175,1195,1918,1935]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="102">80</subScript>
) at the base, glabrous, smooth, with a silky bright; with a more abundant, whitish, tomentose or cotton-like basal mycelium, also developing a mat on the substrate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="46BEAADB300D7136FF607BA9E095E0A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829380" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7829380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829380/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="103" startId="14.[132,143,1985,2003]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1789]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="127EFA53300D7136FF607BA9E095E0A0" blockId="14.[132,1456,1984,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="103">
FIG. 7. — 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300D7136FF377BA9E3E0E09A" authority="(Fr.) Fr." authorityName="Fr." baseAuthorityName="Fr." box="[211,468,1985,2003]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="103" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bambusinus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300D7136FF377BA9E3A3E09A" box="[211,407,1985,2003]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="103">Marasmius bambusinus</emphasis>
(Fr.) Fr.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="20B52641300D7136FE387BA8E027E09B" box="[476,531,1984,2002]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="103">JO343</emphasis>
): 
<emphasis id="20B52641300D7136FDC57BA9E01AE09A" bold="true" box="[545,558,1985,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
, basidiomata; 
<emphasis id="20B52641300D7136FD4C7BA9E081E09A" bold="true" box="[680,693,1985,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
, basidiospores; 
<emphasis id="20B52641300D7136FCD97BA8E17FE09B" bold="true" box="[829,843,1984,2002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
, basidia; 
<emphasis id="20B52641300D7136FC7F7BA9E19DE09A" bold="true" box="[923,937,1985,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
, basidioles; 
<emphasis id="20B52641300D7136FBF47BA9E628E09A" bold="true" box="[1040,1052,1985,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
, pleurocystidia; 
<emphasis id="20B52641300D7136FB407BA9E69BE09A" bold="true" box="[1188,1199,1985,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="103">F</emphasis>
, cheilocystidia; 
<emphasis id="20B52641300D7136FAD07BA8E776E09B" bold="true" box="[1332,1346,1984,2002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="103">G</emphasis>
, Siccus-type broom cells of the pileipellis. Scale bar: A, 10.3 mm; B-G, 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607CBFE28EE7B8" blockId="15.[132,186,215,241]" box="[132,186,215,241]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="49364D3F300C7137FF607CBFE28EE7B8" box="[132,186,215,241]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" reason="9">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FF607CBFE28EE7B8" box="[132,186,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Odor</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607C90E319E658" blockId="15.[132,301,247,274]" box="[132,301,247,274]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Not distinctive.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607D5FE344E618" blockId="15.[132,368,311,337]" box="[132,368,311,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="49364D3F300C7137FF607D5FE344E618" box="[132,368,311,337]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" reason="9">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FF607D5FE344E618" box="[132,368,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
Basidiospores (
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300C7137FEFE7D50E35CE618" box="[282,360,311,337]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[136,1449,215,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[132,1455,215,1858]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Marasmius gardneri Singer (JO491): A1, A2, basidiomata; B, basidiospores; C, basidioles; D, pleurocystidia; E, cheilocystidia; F, Siccus-type broom cells of the pileipellis. Scale bar: A1, 10.8 mm; A2, 5.9 mm; B-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829382/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607D3FE3B4E699" blockId="15.[130,775,343,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
(14.6-)15-19 × 3-5 µm (
<subScript id="8E45F816300C7137FE477D3FE3FCE63D" attach="left" box="[419,456,343,372]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">xrm</subScript>
= 16.6-17.6 × 3.9-4.1 µm; 
<subScript id="8E45F816300C7137FF627D1FE29BE6DD" attach="left" box="[134,175,375,404]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">xmm</subScript>
= 16.7 [± 0.6] × 3.9 [± 0.1] µm; 
<subScript id="8E45F816300C7137FE187D1FE01CE6DD" attach="left" box="[508,552,375,404]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Qmr</subScript>
= 4.1-4.6, 
<subScript id="8E45F816300C7137FD7C7D1FE0F9E6DD" attach="left" box="[664,717,375,404]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Qmm</subScript>
= 4.3 [± 0.3]; 
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FF307DFFE2D6E6F9" box="[212,226,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">n</emphasis>
/ 
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FF097DFFE2C0E6F9" box="[237,244,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">s</emphasis>
= 30/3), oblong, clavate to fusoid, smooth, hyaline, thin-walled, inamyloid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607D9EE2E5E559" blockId="15.[132,209,502,528]" box="[132,209,502,528]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="49364D3F300C7137FF607D9EE2E5E559" box="[132,209,502,528]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" reason="9">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FF607D9EE2E5E559" box="[132,209,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Basidia</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607E7FE329E579" blockId="15.[132,285,534,561]" box="[132,285,534,561]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Not observed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607E3EE364E539" blockId="15.[132,336,598,624]" box="[132,336,598,624]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="49364D3F300C7137FF607E3EE364E539" box="[132,336,598,624]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" reason="9">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FF607E3EE364E539" box="[132,336,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
Basidioles (
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300C7137FF1C7E3FE37CE539" box="[248,328,598,624]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[136,1449,215,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[132,1455,215,1858]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Marasmius gardneri Singer (JO491): A1, A2, basidiomata; B, basidiospores; C, basidioles; D, pleurocystidia; E, cheilocystidia; F, Siccus-type broom cells of the pileipellis. Scale bar: A1, 10.8 mm; A2, 5.9 mm; B-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829382/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607E1EE2CFE5F9" blockId="15.[132,775,630,688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">21.3-33 × 5-6.3 µm, clavate, smooth, hyaline, thin-walled, inamyloid.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607EBDE349E5B9" blockId="15.[132,381,725,752]" box="[132,381,725,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="49364D3F300C7137FF607EBDE349E5B9" box="[132,381,725,752]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" reason="9">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FF607EBDE349E5B9" box="[132,381,725,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
Pleurocystidia (
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300C7137FEC77EBEE341E5B9" box="[291,373,726,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[136,1449,215,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[132,1455,215,1858]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Marasmius gardneri Singer (JO491): A1, A2, basidiomata; B, basidiospores; C, basidioles; D, pleurocystidia; E, cheilocystidia; F, Siccus-type broom cells of the pileipellis. Scale bar: A1, 10.8 mm; A2, 5.9 mm; B-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829382/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607E9DE13CE426" blockId="15.[130,776,757,880]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">32.5-62.5 × 4-7.5 µm, conspicuous, well-projecting above the basidioles, clavate to cylindrical, apex obtuse or sometimes fusoid to acuminate, or capitate, with a small apical vesicle, or mucronate, smooth, refractive, inamyloid, few fuscous, thin-walled.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607FFDE34DE4E6" blockId="15.[132,377,917,943]" box="[132,377,917,943]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="49364D3F300C7137FF607FFDE34DE4E6" box="[132,377,917,943]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" reason="9">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FF607FFDE34DE4E6" box="[132,377,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
Cheilocystidia (
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300C7137FEC07FFEE346E4E6" box="[292,370,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[136,1449,215,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[132,1455,215,1858]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Marasmius gardneri Singer (JO491): A1, A2, basidiomata; B, basidiospores; C, basidioles; D, pleurocystidia; E, cheilocystidia; F, Siccus-type broom cells of the pileipellis. Scale bar: A1, 10.8 mm; A2, 5.9 mm; B-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829382/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607FDDE0C1E326" blockId="15.[130,775,949,1135]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Similar to the Siccus-type broom cells of the pileipellis, but non-pigmented; main body 12.5-23.8 × 5.6-8.8(-10) µm, clavate to somewhat turbinate, or ventricose, regular in outline, thin-walled; setulae apical, erect, generally elongate, 2.5- 10.4 × 0.6-1.3 µm, cylindrical, filiform, rarely digitiform, regular in outline, simple, pale yellow, solid, apex obtuse to acute.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF6078FCE313E3E7" blockId="15.[132,295,1172,1198]" box="[132,295,1172,1198]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="49364D3F300C7137FF6078FCE313E3E7" box="[132,295,1172,1198]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" reason="9">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FF6078FCE313E3E7" box="[132,295,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Lamellar trama</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF6078DCE2E5E244" blockId="15.[130,775,1204,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Dextrinoid, irregular, interwoven, hyphae cylindrical, 2-8.8 µm diam., regular in outline, branched, smooth, hyaline, thinwalled.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF60795BE332E204" blockId="15.[132,262,1331,1357]" box="[132,262,1331,1357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="49364D3F300C7137FF60795BE332E204" box="[132,262,1331,1357]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" reason="9">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FF60795BE332E204" box="[132,262,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Pileus trama</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF60793BE0E9E224" blockId="15.[132,733,1363,1390]" box="[132,733,1363,1390]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Similar to the lamellar trama, hyphae 1.5-8.8 µm diam.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF6079FBE2D3E2E4" blockId="15.[132,231,1427,1453]" box="[132,231,1427,1453]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="49364D3F300C7137FF6079FBE2D3E2E4" box="[132,231,1427,1453]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" reason="9">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FF6079FBE2D3E2E4" box="[132,231,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Pileipellis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF6079DBE025E1E5" blockId="15.[130,775,1459,1709]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
Hymeniform, dextrinoid, composed of Siccus-type broom cells (
<figureCitation id="8AFAE6D6300C7137FF5B79BBE338E2A4" box="[191,268,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionTargetBox="[136,1449,215,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-24@16.[132,1455,215,1858]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 8. — Marasmius gardneri Singer (JO491): A1, A2, basidiomata; B, basidiospores; C, basidioles; D, pleurocystidia; E, cheilocystidia; F, Siccus-type broom cells of the pileipellis. Scale bar: A1, 10.8 mm; A2, 5.9 mm; B-F, 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829382/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
), abundant, pale orangish brown when grouped, hyaline when isolated; main body (8.8-)12.5-18.8 × 5-9.4 µm, clavate to turbinate, sometimes cylindrical, or branched, or somewhat irregular in outline, thin- to thick-walled, weakly dextrinoid; setulae apical, erect, 3-8.8 × 0.5-1.3 µm, cylindrical, filiform, thin, needle-like, simple, rarely branched, pale brown, apex acute or slightly obtuse.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607ABAE2C8E1A5" blockId="15.[132,252,1746,1772]" box="[132,252,1746,1772]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="49364D3F300C7137FF607ABAE2C8E1A5" box="[132,252,1746,1772]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" reason="9">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FF607ABAE2C8E1A5" box="[132,252,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Stipe trama</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607A9AE081E022" blockId="15.[130,777,1778,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Dextrinoid, cortical hyphae parallel, cylindrical, 3.8-9.4 µm diam., regular in outline, pale brown, hyaline at the stipe apex, dark brown near the base, smooth, thick-walled; internal hyphae more hyaline, thin-walled, 2-16.3 µm diam.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607BF9E373E0E2" blockId="15.[132,327,1937,1963]" box="[132,327,1937,1963]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
<heading id="49364D3F300C7137FF607BF9E373E0E2" box="[132,327,1937,1963]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" reason="9">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FF607BF9E373E0E2" box="[132,327,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Clamp connections</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FF607BDAE332E0A2" blockId="15.[132,776,1969,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Present in almost all tissues, except in the cortical hyphae of the stipe.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5ADBA9D8300C7129FCC97CB0E33FE0A5" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FCC97CB0E1A5E7B9" blockId="15.[810,1457,216,2028]" box="[813,913,216,242]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7137FCC97C9FE1E4E3C6" blockId="15.[810,1457,216,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
The historical account for this species is not straightforward and it begins with 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FBA67D7FE1EAE618" authority="(Berkeley 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Berkeley" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus" subGenus="Marasmius">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FBA67D7FE6AAE678" box="[1090,1182,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Agaricus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FB4A7D70E711E678" box="[1198,1317,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Marasmius</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FADC7D7FE784E678" box="[1336,1456,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">ferrugineus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300C7137FCD27D5FE1E7E618" author="BERKELEY M. J." box="[822,979,311,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="629 - 643" refId="ref36369" refString="BERKELEY M. J. 1843. - Notices of some Brazilian fungi. London Journal of Botany 2: 629 - 643." type="journal article" year="1843">Berkeley 1843</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Due to competing prior homonym, it was later combined by 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300C7137FC1D7D3FE722E638" author="BERKELEY M. J. &amp; CURTIS M. A." box="[1017,1302,343,369]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="280 - 392" refId="ref36557" refString="BERKELEY M. J. &amp; CURTIS M. A. 1869 [1868]. - Fungi cubensis. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 10 (45): 280 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1868. tb 00529. x" type="journal article" year="1869">Berkeley &amp; Curtis (1869)</bibRefCitation>
in 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FAD37D30E191E6D8" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FAD37D30E191E6D8" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Marasmius ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300C7137FC577D1FE665E6D8" author="SINGER R." box="[947,1105,374,401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="54 - 145" refId="ref41080" refString="SINGER R. 1958 [1959]. - Studies toward a monograph of South America species of Marasmius. Sydowia 12: 54 - 145." type="journal article" year="1958">Singer (1958)</bibRefCitation>
, by arguing that this name was illegitimate in the basionym, proposed the 
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FAF27DFFE624E699" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
nomen novum 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FCC97DDFE624E699" box="[813,1040,438,464]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="gardneri">Marasmius gardneri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
in replacement, based on the type material of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FC547DBFE664E6B9" box="[944,1104,470,496]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FC547DBFE664E6B9" box="[944,1104,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
along with two additional collections: 1) ‘part’ of 
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FBFA7D9FE6A9E559" box="[1054,1181,502,529]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Spruce 139</emphasis>
(from 
<collectingRegion id="D00534B1300C7137FB167D9EE79FE559" box="[1266,1451,502,528]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Amazonas State</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="6AD6BAC3300C7137FCC97E7EE147E578" box="[813,883,534,561]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) segregated (mixed collection) from the type of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FCC97E5FE1D1E519" authority="Berk." authorityName="Berk." box="[813,997,566,592]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="poecilus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FCC97E5FE196E519" box="[813,930,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. poecilus</emphasis>
Berk.
</taxonomicName>
; and 2) 
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FBD37E5EE68AE519" box="[1079,1214,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Singer B 437</emphasis>
(from Angra dos Reis, 
<collectingRegion id="D00534B1300C7137FCCF7E3EE625E539" box="[811,1041,598,624]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Rio de Janeiro State</collectingRegion>
). However, 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FB7D7E3FE70DE539" box="[1177,1337,598,624]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FB7D7E3FE70DE539" box="[1177,1337,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is deemed legitimate in 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300C7137FC2F7E1EE6CDE5D9" author="BERKELEY M. J. &amp; CURTIS M. A." box="[971,1273,630,656]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="280 - 392" refId="ref36557" refString="BERKELEY M. J. &amp; CURTIS M. A. 1869 [1868]. - Fungi cubensis. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 10 (45): 280 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1868. tb 00529. x" type="journal article" year="1869">Berkeley &amp; Curtis (1869)</bibRefCitation>
and, therefore, 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FCC97EFEE19BE5F9" box="[813,943,662,688]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FCC97EFEE19BE5F9" box="[813,943,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. gardneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
became a nom. illegit. by the art. 52.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300C7137FBFC7EBDE681E5B9" author="SINGER R." box="[1048,1205,725,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref41190" refString="SINGER R. 1976. - Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 17: 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1976">Singer (1976)</bibRefCitation>
, the type collection of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FCC87E9EE1F8E446" box="[812,972,757,783]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FCC87E9EE1F8E446" box="[812,972,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was potentially a mix of two different species as the Gardner collection existed split into two sets (
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300C7137FCD27F5DE1F6E419" author="SINGER R." box="[822,962,821,848]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="54 - 145" refId="ref41080" refString="SINGER R. 1958 [1959]. - Studies toward a monograph of South America species of Marasmius. Sydowia 12: 54 - 145." type="journal article" year="1958">Singer 1958</bibRefCitation>
), both collected at 
<collectingRegion id="D00534B1300C7137FB4C7F5DE774E406" box="[1192,1344,821,847]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
and kept at K. The first set, kept in the Berkeley Herbarium, was indicated as the 
<typeStatus id="CD7A44F1300C7137FC0C7F1DE67FE4C6" box="[1000,1099,885,911]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FB957F1EE724E4C6" box="[1137,1296,885,911]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FB957F1EE724E4C6" box="[1137,1296,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and has relatively larger and narrower spores (15-21 × 
<quantity id="D53957B6300C7137FB1A7FFDE744E4E6" box="[1278,1392,917,943]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="3.55" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="2.8">2.8-4.3 m</quantity>
). The second set, kept in the Hooker Herbarium, has shorter and broader spores (13.5-18.3 × 
<quantity id="D53957B6300C7137FB897FBCE6F8E4A6" box="[1133,1228,980,1007]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="4.1" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.2">3.2-5 m</quantity>
), and 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300C7137FAF07FBCE79BE4A6" author="SINGER R." box="[1300,1455,980,1007]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref41190" refString="SINGER R. 1976. - Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 17: 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1976">Singer (1976)</bibRefCitation>
named this collection 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FBCD7F9DE79BE347" authority="Singer." authorityName="Singer." box="[1065,1455,1012,1039]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="ferrugineus" variety="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FBCD7F9DE6FCE346" box="[1065,1224,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FAE47F9CE76FE347" box="[1280,1371,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">gardneri</emphasis>
Singer.
</taxonomicName>
This 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FC83787CE1D0E367" box="[871,996,1044,1070]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" rank="variety" variety="also">variety also</taxonomicName>
differs from the type variety in the pileus often becoming somewhat darker (“cocoa”) on drying and in growing on small woody sticks, leaf petioles and veins (
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300C7137FCD2781CE18BE3C7" author="SINGER R." box="[822,959,1140,1166]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref41190" refString="SINGER R. 1976. - Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 17: 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1976">Singer 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA53300C7129FCA778FCE362E618" blockId="15.[810,1457,216,2028]" lastBlockId="17.[130,777,215,2028]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">
The examined specimens fit best as 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FB0478FDE1B3E387" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="ferrugineus" variety="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FB0478FDE74AE3E7" box="[1248,1406,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FCCB78DCE1B3E387" box="[815,903,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">gardneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The dimensions of the pileus (
<quantity id="D53957B6300C7137FB1678DCE768E387" box="[1266,1372,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="3.0">3-18 mm</quantity>
diam.) and of the stipe (15-44 × 
<quantity id="D53957B6300C7137FBAB78BCE6F4E3A7" box="[1103,1216,1236,1262]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.3">0.3-1 mm</quantity>
) are larger than those typically found in 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FC13789CE70CE247" authority="var. ferrugineus" box="[1015,1336,1268,1294]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="ferrugineus" variety="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FC13789CE6BBE247" box="[1015,1167,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FB22789CE70CE247" box="[1222,1336,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="D53957B6300C7137FAAC789CE79BE247" box="[1352,1455,1268,1294]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="3.0">3-11 mm</quantity>
diam. of the pileus and 11-30 × 
<quantity id="D53957B6300C7137FB60797CE6EDE267" box="[1156,1241,1300,1326]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
of the stipe). 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300C7137FA8D797BE143E207" author="SINGER R." pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref41190" refString="SINGER R. 1976. - Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 17: 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1976">Singer (1976)</bibRefCitation>
did not mention the dimensions of the pileus and stipe as distinctive for the specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FB39793CE76BE224" box="[1245,1375,1363,1390]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="ferrugineus" variety="gardneri">
var. 
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FAEC793BE76BE224" box="[1288,1375,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">gardneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which implies that both varieties match relatively the macroscopic proportions. The protologue of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FB6379FBE159E284" baseAuthorityName="Berkeley" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus" subGenus="Marasmius">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FB6379FBE6EBE2E4" box="[1159,1247,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Agaricus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FB1479FCE757E2E4" box="[1264,1379,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Marasmius</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FA9079FBE159E284" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FBE479DCE6ACE284" baseAuthorityName="Berkeley" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1024,1176,1459,1485]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FBE479DCE6ACE284" box="[1024,1176,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) emphasizes the tiny proportion of the basidiomata with “pileus 1½-3 lines broad” (
<quantity id="D53957B6300C7137FCD2799AE1E2E144" box="[822,982,1522,1549]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.765" metricValueMax="6.35" metricValueMin="3.18" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="4.765" valueMax="6.35" valueMin="3.18">3.18-6.35 mm</quantity>
diam.) and stipe “ ½-¾ of an inch high, ⅛ of a line thick” (
<quantity id="D53957B6300C7137FC3C7A7AE6B1E164" box="[984,1157,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5875" metricValueMax="1.905" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="15.875" valueMax="19.05" valueMin="12.7">12.7-19.05 mm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="D53957B6300C7137FB147A7AE756E164" box="[1264,1378,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="0.265">0.265 mm</quantity>
thick). The basidiomata of the examined material are evidently larger and more robust (as in 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FBC77A3BE68AE125" baseAuthorityName="Singer" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1059,1214,1618,1644]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hypophaeus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FBC77A3BE68AE125" box="[1059,1214,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. hypophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) than a typical 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FA817A3BE1B1E1C5" baseAuthorityName="Berkeley" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FA817A3BE1B1E1C5" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, in combination with the shorter and broader basidiospores and by growing more on dried leaves or small twigs, should represent a different species.According to 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300C7137FA8F7ADAE15BE1A4" author="SINGER R." pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="54 - 145" refId="ref41080" refString="SINGER R. 1958 [1959]. - Studies toward a monograph of South America species of Marasmius. Sydowia 12: 54 - 145." type="journal article" year="1958">Singer (1958</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300C7137FC9B7ABAE18CE1A5" author="SINGER R." box="[895,952,1746,1772]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref41190" refString="SINGER R. 1976. - Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 17: 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
), Dennis also knew very well 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FAE97ABBE79CE1A5" baseAuthorityName="Berkeley" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1293,1448,1746,1772]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FAE97ABBE79CE1A5" box="[1293,1448,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially the Berkeley Herbarium set which, agreeing with Singer, defended it should be the 
<typeStatus id="CD7A44F1300C7137FB6D7B7AE683E065" box="[1161,1207,1810,1836]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FB307B7AE75EE065" baseAuthorityName="Berkeley" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1236,1386,1810,1836]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FB307B7AE75EE065" box="[1236,1386,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. With collections from Venezuala, 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300C7137FBB67B59E6C5E005" author="DENNIS R. W. G." box="[1106,1265,1841,1868]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="67 - 156" refId="ref36975" refString="DENNIS R. W. G. 1961. - Fungi venezuelani: IV. Agaricales. Kew Bulletin 15 (1): 67 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4115784" type="journal article" year="1961">Dennis (1961)</bibRefCitation>
found two spore’s dimension for “ 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FC3E7B3AE72DE025" authority="&quot;: Dennis 1021" authorityName="&quot;: Dennis" authorityYear="1021" box="[986,1305,1874,1900]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FC3E7B3AE640E025" box="[986,1140,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
”: 
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FB6B7B3AE72DE025" box="[1167,1305,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Dennis 1021</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(19-21 × 3-4 µm) and 
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FC707B1AE61BE0C2" box="[916,1071,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Dennis 1021A</emphasis>
(14-18 × 3-3.5 µm, this should be 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FCCA7BFAE198E0E2" box="[814,940,1937,1963]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FCCA7BFAE198E0E2" box="[814,940,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. gardneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Revising the 
<typeStatus id="CD7A44F1300C7137FBB77BFAE6B5E0E5" box="[1107,1153,1938,1964]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">type</typeStatus>
specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D0300C7137FAF27BFAE784E0E2" authorityName="&quot;: Dennis" authorityYear="1021" box="[1302,1456,1937,1963]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FAF27BFAE784E0E2" box="[1302,1456,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="6AD6BAC3300C7137FCD07BD9E143E082" box="[820,887,1969,1995]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="D00534B1300C7137FC667BD9E620E082" box="[898,1044,1969,1995]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
, K [M] 92652), 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A2300C7137FB2C7BD9E79BE085" author="ANTONIN V. &amp; RYOO R. &amp; SHIN H. D." box="[1224,1455,1969,1996]" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="615 - 638" refId="ref36252" refString="ANTONIN V., RYOO R. &amp; SHIN H. D. 2012. - Marasmioid and gymnopoid fungi of the Republic of Korea. 4. Marasmius sect. Sicci. Mycological Progress 11: 615 - 638. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 011 - 0773 - y" type="journal article" year="2012">
Antonín 
<emphasis id="20B52641300C7137FACF7BDAE763E082" box="[1323,1367,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="104">et al</emphasis>
. (2012)
</bibRefCitation>
found even longer and broader basidiospores 18-22 × 4.5- 6.0 µm and broader pleurocystidia (11-17 µm) which are not consistent with the specimens herein determined as 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FF627D70E2CBE678" box="[134,255,279,306]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FF627D70E2A8E678" box="[134,156,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FF4D7D7FE2CBE678" box="[169,255,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">gardneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is sister to 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FE4E7D70E077E678" authorityName="&quot;: Dennis" authorityYear="1021" box="[426,579,279,305]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FE4E7D70E077E678" box="[426,579,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="6AD6BAC330127129FD667D7FE132E67B" box="[642,774,279,306]" name="South Korea" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">South Korea</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="6AD6BAC330127129FF567D5FE2C1E618" box="[178,245,311,337]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">China</collectingCountry>
(Fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<caption id="46BEAADB30137128FF607BA9E0E0E0A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7829382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7829382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7829382/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="105" startId="16.[132,143,1985,2003]" targetBox="[136,1449,215,1857]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="127EFA5330137128FF607BA9E0E0E0A0" blockId="16.[132,1455,1984,2025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="105">
FIG. 8. — 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030137128FF327BA9E382E09B" authority="Singer" authorityName="Singer" box="[214,438,1984,2003]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="105" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B5264130137128FF327BA9E34EE09A" box="[214,378,1985,2003]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="105">Marasmius gardneri</emphasis>
Singer
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="20B5264130137128FE247BA8E3C3E09B" box="[448,503,1984,2002]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="105">JO491</emphasis>
): 
<emphasis id="20B5264130137128FDE37BA9E02AE09A" bold="true" box="[519,542,1985,2003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="105">A1</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="20B5264130137128FDCD7BA9E075E09A" bold="true" box="[553,577,1985,2003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="105">A2</emphasis>
, basidiomata; 
<emphasis id="20B5264130137128FD597BA9E0FEE09A" bold="true" box="[701,714,1985,2003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="105">B</emphasis>
, basidiospores; 
<emphasis id="20B5264130137128FCB17BA8E157E09B" bold="true" box="[853,867,1984,2002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="105">C</emphasis>
, basidioles; 
<emphasis id="20B5264130137128FC297BA9E1EFE09A" bold="true" box="[973,987,1985,2003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="105">D</emphasis>
, pleurocystidia; 
<emphasis id="20B5264130137128FB827BA9E646E09A" bold="true" box="[1126,1138,1985,2003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="105">E</emphasis>
, cheilocystidia; 
<emphasis id="20B5264130137128FB1D7BA9E730E09A" bold="true" box="[1273,1284,1985,2003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="105">F</emphasis>
, Siccus-type broom cells of the pileipellis. Scale bar: A1, 10.8 mm; A2, 5.9 mm; B-F, 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="127EFA5330127129FF7F7D3FE31CE426" blockId="17.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">
Based on the combined divergences found between the two sets of Gardner collection together with the examined collections agreeing with the Hooker Herbarium set, we conclude that 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FEF87DDFE00FE699" box="[284,571,438,465]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="ferrugineus" variety="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FEF87DDFE380E698" box="[284,436,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FE017DDEE00FE699" box="[485,571,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">gardneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be elevated to species level, legitimating the name 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FDCB7DBFE09FE6B9" box="[559,683,470,496]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FDCB7DBFE09FE6B9" box="[559,683,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. gardneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
typified on the ‘Hooker Herbarium set’. Moreover, if 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FD8B7D9FE133E559" authorityName="&quot;: Dennis" authorityYear="1021" box="[623,775,502,528]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FD8B7D9FE133E559" box="[623,775,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
becomes a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FE927E7FE022E579" box="[374,534,534,560]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="bambusinus">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FE927E7FE022E579" box="[374,534,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. bambusinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(previous taxon), then we are quite sure we have two different species. Both 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A230127129FD277E5EE2FAE539" author="SINGER R." pageId="17" pageNumber="106" pagination="54 - 145" refId="ref41080" refString="SINGER R. 1958 [1959]. - Studies toward a monograph of South America species of Marasmius. Sydowia 12: 54 - 145." type="journal article" year="1958">Singer (1958)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A230127129FF1A7E3EE3A9E539" author="DENNIS R. W. G." box="[254,413,598,625]" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" pagination="411 - 482" refId="ref36919" refString="DENNIS R. W. G. 1951. - Some Agaricaceae of Trinidad and Venezuela. Leucosporae: Part I. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 34 (4): 411 - 482. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0007 - 1536 (51) 80030 - 5" type="journal article" year="1951">Dennis (1951)</bibRefCitation>
considered 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FDFC7E3FE137E539" authority="Murrill" authorityName="Murrill" box="[536,771,598,624]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="paucifolius">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FDFC7E3FE09FE539" box="[536,683,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. paucifolius</emphasis>
Murrill
</taxonomicName>
, a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FEFB7E1FE383E5D9" authorityName="&quot;: Dennis" authorityYear="1021" box="[287,439,630,656]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FEFB7E1FE383E5D9" box="[287,439,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A230127129FE227E1EE06FE5D9" author="SINGER R." box="[454,603,630,656]" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref41190" refString="SINGER R. 1976. - Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 17: 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1976">Singer (1976)</bibRefCitation>
rather placed it in 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FF477EFEE3F8E5F9" box="[163,460,662,688]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="ferrugineus" variety="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FF477EFEE309E5F9" box="[163,317,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FE927EFEE3F8E5F9" box="[374,460,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">gardneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, therefore, should claim its legitimacy for being prior than 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FE167EDEE05BE586" box="[498,623,693,720]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FE167EDEE03EE586" box="[498,522,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FDFD7EDDE05BE586" box="[537,623,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">gardneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, we have scarce evidence to support 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FE0D7EBEE04AE5A6" box="[489,638,725,751]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="paucifolius">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FE0D7EBEE04AE5A6" box="[489,638,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. paucifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FF407E9EE3E8E446" box="[164,476,757,784]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="ferrugineus" variety="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FF407E9EE371E446" box="[164,325,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FE667E9DE3E8E446" box="[386,476,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">gardneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and should be considered an independent species until more collections and analyses become available. If conspecific, the species would also occur in 
<collectingCountry id="6AD6BAC330127129FF447F3EE317E426" box="[160,291,853,880]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA5330127129FF7F7F1EE30AE284" blockId="17.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FF7F7F1EE3BAE4C6" baseAuthorityName="Singer" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[155,398,885,911]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hypophaeus">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FF7F7F1EE3BAE4C6" box="[155,398,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">Marasmius hypophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FDBE7F1EE0EEE4C6" box="[602,730,885,911]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FDBE7F1EE0EEE4C6" box="[602,730,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. gardneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs mainly in having distinctly marginate lamellae (rust brown) and larger basidiospores ([12-]14.5-21.5 × 3-5.5 µm), broader pleurocystidia (6-13 µm) and larger setulae (1-14[-20] × 0.7-2.2µm) on the broom cells of the pileipellis (
<bibRefCitation id="765087A230127129FF48787CE31BE367" author="SINGER R." box="[172,303,1044,1070]" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref41190" refString="SINGER R. 1976. - Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 17: 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1976">Singer 1976</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A230127129FEA3787CE3E9E366" author="SINGER R." box="[327,477,1044,1071]" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref41190" refString="SINGER R. 1976. - Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 17: 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1976">Singer (1976)</bibRefCitation>
argued that 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A230127129FD82787CE133E366" author="DENNIS R. W. G." box="[614,775,1044,1071]" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" pagination="411 - 482" refId="ref36919" refString="DENNIS R. W. G. 1951. - Some Agaricaceae of Trinidad and Venezuela. Leucosporae: Part I. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 34 (4): 411 - 482. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0007 - 1536 (51) 80030 - 5" type="journal article" year="1951">Dennis (1951)</bibRefCitation>
described and illustrated a specimen named after 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FD5F785DE2E8E327" authorityName="&quot;: Dennis" authorityYear="1021" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FD5F785DE2E8E327" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
orangish brown in both pileus and lamellar edge, then he suspected that 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FE66781DE133E3C6" authority="sensu Dennis (1951)" authorityName="sensu Dennis" authorityYear="1951" box="[386,775,1140,1167]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FE66781DE028E3C7" box="[386,540,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A230127129FD82781CE133E3C6" author="DENNIS R. W. G." box="[614,775,1140,1167]" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" pagination="411 - 482" refId="ref36919" refString="DENNIS R. W. G. 1951. - Some Agaricaceae of Trinidad and Venezuela. Leucosporae: Part I. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 34 (4): 411 - 482. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0007 - 1536 (51) 80030 - 5" type="journal article" year="1951">Dennis (1951)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
would be rather 
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FEDA78FDE3D0E3E7" box="[318,484,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FEDA78FDE3D4E3E7" baseAuthorityName="Singer" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[318,480,1172,1198]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hypophaeus">M. hypophaeus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Singer concluded that the pileus pigmentation of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FE6678DDE02AE387" baseAuthorityName="Singer" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[386,542,1204,1230]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hypophaeus">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FE6678DDE02AE387" box="[386,542,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. hypophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when fresh would be orangish brown (old bronze) rather than red (rufous blood red) as described in the protologue (
<bibRefCitation id="765087A230127129FDE4789BE0CAE244" author="BERKELEY M. J. &amp; CURTIS M. A." box="[512,766,1267,1294]" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" pagination="280 - 392" refId="ref36557" refString="BERKELEY M. J. &amp; CURTIS M. A. 1869 [1868]. - Fungi cubensis. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 10 (45): 280 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1868. tb 00529. x" type="journal article" year="1869">Berkeley &amp; Curtis 1869</bibRefCitation>
) that possibly led 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A230127129FEA2797BE3DDE267" author="MURRILL W. A." box="[326,489,1299,1326]" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" pagination="201 - 296" refId="ref39367" refString="MURRILL W. A. 1915. - Agaricales. North America Flora 9: 201 - 296." type="journal article" year="1915">Murrill (1915)</bibRefCitation>
to suppose it would be a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FEF3795CE3C1E204" box="[279,501,1331,1357]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="haematocephalus">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FEF3795CE3C1E204" box="[279,501,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. haematocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Next, Singer defended that 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FF53793CE361E224" baseAuthorityName="Singer" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[183,341,1363,1389]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hypophaeus">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FF53793CE361E224" box="[183,341,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. hypophaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closer to 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FE3C793CE046E224" authorityName="sensu Dennis" authorityYear="1951" box="[472,626,1363,1389]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FE3C793CE046E224" box="[472,626,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FD57793CE33BE2C4" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="haematocephalus">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FD57793CE33BE2C4" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. haematocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differing from the former by the distinctly ferruginous brown lamellae edge instead of concolorous with the lamellae face.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="127EFA5330127129FF7F79BCE33FE0A5" blockId="17.[130,777,215,2028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FF7F79BCE045E2A4" authority="(Singer) Singer" authorityName="Singer" baseAuthorityName="Singer" box="[155,625,1491,1518]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="tenuisetulosus">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FF7F79BCE383E2A4" box="[155,439,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">Marasmius tenuisetulosus</emphasis>
(Singer) Singer
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FF60799BE331E144" box="[132,261,1523,1549]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FF60799BE331E144" box="[132,261,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. gardneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in many features, especially the basidiospores size (14.5-19 × 3-4 µm). However, the former differs by having larger (up to 
<quantity id="D53957B630127129FE837A5BE382E104" box="[359,438,1587,1613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
diam.), orangish brown pileus which is radially striped, by having series of lamellulae, and by having thick-walled pleurocystidia (
<bibRefCitation id="765087A230127129FDC87A1AE084E1C5" author="SINGER R." box="[556,688,1650,1676]" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" pagination="317 - 388" refId="ref41107" refString="SINGER R. 1964. - Marasmius congolais recueillis par Mme Goossens-Fontana et d'autres collecteurs belges. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 34 (3): 317 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3667322" type="journal article" year="1964">Singer 1964</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="765087A230127129FD597A1AE0C2E1C5" author="SINGER R." box="[701,758,1650,1676]" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref41190" refString="SINGER R. 1976. - Marasmieae (Basidiomycetes - Tricholomataceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 17: 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
). These pleurocystidia are long-acuminate and ventricose, tapered from the middle to the apex (
<bibRefCitation id="765087A230127129FDFA7ADAE097E185" author="SINGER R." box="[542,675,1714,1740]" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" pagination="317 - 388" refId="ref41107" refString="SINGER R. 1964. - Marasmius congolais recueillis par Mme Goossens-Fontana et d'autres collecteurs belges. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 34 (3): 317 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3667322" type="journal article" year="1964">Singer 1964</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FD5F7ADBE34BE1A5" authority="Desjardin" authorityName="Desjardin" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="radiatus">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FD5F7ADBE33BE1A5" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">Marasmius radiatus</emphasis>
Desjardin
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FDE77ABBE04BE1A5" box="[515,639,1746,1772]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FDE77ABBE04BE1A5" box="[515,639,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. gardneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
especially in the orange or brownish orange pileus, in the basidiospores size (15.7-19.2 × 3.8-5.1 µm
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FE2A7B79E3ECE062" bold="true" box="[462,472,1809,1835]" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">)</emphasis>
and in the general aspects of the pleurocystidia. However, 
<taxonomicName id="D5C181D030127129FE037B5AE052E002" box="[487,614,1841,1867]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="radiatus">
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FE037B5AE052E002" box="[487,614,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">M. radiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs only in having a ferruginous pileus with pale radial stripes over the lamellae line when dried, and in having dimorphic, hyaline cheilocystidia: 1) Siccus-type broom cells; and 2) nonsetulose cystidia similar to the pleurocystidia (
<bibRefCitation id="765087A230127129FD7D7BD9E2CEE0A2" author="DESJARDIN D. E. &amp; WONG G. J. &amp; HEMMES D. E." pageId="17" pageNumber="106" pagination="530 - 542" refId="ref37299" refString="DESJARDIN D. E., WONG G. J. &amp; HEMMES D. E. 1992. - Agaricales of the Hawaiian Islands. I. Marasmioid fungi: new species, new distributional records, and poorly known taxa. Canadian Journal of Botany 70 (3): 530 - 542. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / b 92 - 068" type="journal article" year="1992">
Desjardin 
<emphasis id="20B5264130127129FF607BBAE286E0A2" box="[132,178,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
. 1992
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>