556 lines
78 KiB
XML
556 lines
78 KiB
XML
<document id="2304C7CC0E3104729790A8A53CE6DCA4" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2016.1214294" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5189531" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628781957932" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Williams, Paul H., Cannings, Sydney G. & Sheffield, Cory S." docDate="2016" docId="9A68324AFF07417E893CFEA15F0A21CF" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.50.45-46.2881-2893.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 50" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1214294" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6CC93518824EC5192964D91317A1A647.3:JNatHist.2016.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="6CC93518824EC5192964D91317A1A647" docStyleName="JNatHist.2016.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Bombus (Alpinobombus) kluanensis Williams & Cannings & Sheffield 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="2890" masterDocId="66514A32FF024174883DFFED5B7F237B" masterDocTitle="Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera: Apidae)" masterLastPageNumber="2893" masterPageNumber="2881" pageNumber="2885" updateTime="1699052011154" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="50B4DD67D22A9588CA6E1E7610DC0E66">Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera: Apidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E84AA2D79074FBF72B170BA1728FEE7A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5471A95F049547E89D690101913D4D7B">Williams, Paul H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D5F96CBBF0F33BF92E392EFD9FED83C4">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4315ABF713057BE3D7ECD11ADF8D25B7">Cannings, Sydney G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3A96053EF17B074DAE8C3BEC53DA9FB2">Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Whitehorse, Canada;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FC154541AA56EF783001A5F433E2B792">Sheffield, Cory S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0876978606933F73F2E7460264FD8990">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Saskatchewan Museum, Regina, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C6F2187D059D8A5EA72BA2BDAC271069">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="28E849532A6D3A300B9F0008612125C7">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="967BE63C439A521AD5AD27436697EB21">J. Nat. Hist.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="5857F60707E3747A7721E7DFE0CC8533">2016-08-14</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="5ADBD0D7FF074171893CFEA159A922F3" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="127E835CFF074171893CFEA159A922F3" blockId="5.[257,1058,332,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">
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<heading id="49363430FF074171893CFEA159A922F3" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF074171893CFEA158C5221E" ID-CoL="MFM7" authority="Williams & Cannings" authorityName="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield" authorityYear="2016" box="[257,954,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Alpinobombus">
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<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF074171893CFEA159C4221E" bold="true" box="[257,699,332,357]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" reason="3">Bombus (Alpinobombus) kluanensis</emphasis>
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Williams & Cannings
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3B86E235FF0741718BFBFEA15F5D221E" box="[966,1058,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="8AFA9FD9FF0741718A70FE8259A922F3" box="[589,726,367,392]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStart-3="Figure 4" captionStartId-0="3.[160,225,1495,1518]" captionStartId-1="5.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionStartId-2="6.[160,225,987,1010]" captionStartId-3="7.[160,225,1052,1075]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1152,734,1463]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1152,1054,1568]" captionTargetBox-2="[175,1120,157,953]" captionTargetBox-3="[163,1153,142,1021]" captionTargetId-0="figure-172@3.[163,1153,734,1464]" captionTargetId-1="figure-228@5.[163,1153,1053,1568]" captionTargetId-2="figure-210@6.[163,1153,142,956]" captionTargetId-3="figure-194@7.[163,1153,142,1021]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="Figure 1. Plot of measurements of mandibular basal breadth (x-axis) against oculo-malar distance (y-axis) for females (n = 62). Each symbol represents pairs of measurements from one or more specimens, with circles for workers and squares for queens. k: specimens identified from their COI barcodes as Bombus kluanensis sp. nov.; n: specimens identified from their COI barcodes as B. neoboreus; the primary type specimens for these two names are indicated with grey lines (holotype queen of B. kluanensis sp. nov.; lectotype queen of B. neoboreus). Specimens interpreted as belonging to the species B. neoboreus are shown with outline symbols; specimens interpreted as belonging to the species B. kluanensis sp. nov. are shown with filled symbols." captionText-1="Figure 2. Sites with one or more records of Bombus kluanensis sp. nov. shown as black spots for the material examined, with white spots for samples with COI sequences, and grey crosses for sites with one or more records of all other species of the subgenus Alpinobombus within the region combined. Map with polar projection, with relief and hill shading, and with national boundaries and the Arctic Circle shown as narrow grey lines. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap which is © 2014 ESRI." captionText-2="Figure 3. Photo of the holotype queen of Bombus kluanensis sp. nov. from the right lateral aspect (scale bar marked in mm), image reversed, collected from 2000 m on Outpost Mountain (60.9502°N, 138.4320°W), Yukon, 18 June 2010. Photo by Harry Taylor, © NHM digital imaging unit." captionText-3="Figure 4. Photo of the holotype queen of Bombus kluanensis sp. nov. (as in Figure 3) showing detail of the left ‘cheek’ (oculo-malar) area between the ventral part of the compound eye and the dorsal part of the mandible. Photo by Harry Taylor, © NHM digital imaging unit." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189539" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189543" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189545" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189547" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5189539/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5189543/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5189545/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5189547/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">
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Figures 1
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<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0741718A87FE9C59B722FC" box="[698,712,369,391]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">‒</emphasis>
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4
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</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5ADBD0D7FF074172889DFE25583E261E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="2886" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="127E835CFF074171889DFE255AFF2299" blockId="5.[160,533,456,517]" box="[160,384,456,482]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">
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<heading id="49363430FF074171889DFE255AFF2299" box="[160,384,456,482]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF074171889DFE255AFF2299" bold="true" box="[160,384,456,482]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="127E835CFF074171889DFE00596A217E" blockId="5.[160,533,456,517]" box="[160,533,493,517]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">
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Records are mapped in
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<figureCitation id="8AFA9FD9FF074171898FFE005970217E" box="[434,527,493,517]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1599,1622]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,1054,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-228@5.[163,1153,1053,1568]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Sites with one or more records of Bombus kluanensis sp. nov. shown as black spots for the material examined, with white spots for samples with COI sequences, and grey crosses for sites with one or more records of all other species of the subgenus Alpinobombus within the region combined. Map with polar projection, with relief and hill shading, and with national boundaries and the Arctic Circle shown as narrow grey lines. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap which is © 2014 ESRI." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5189543/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="127E835CFF074171889DFDD35882207E" blockId="5.[160,1157,574,773]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">
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<typeStatus id="CD7A3DFEFF074171889DFDD35A722123" box="[160,269,574,600]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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One female (queen) pinned (
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<collectionCode id="74D01B99FF0741718A57FDAD59D82123" box="[618,679,576,600]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">NHM</collectionCode>
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). Labels: (1) white, printed with ‘
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<collectingCountry id="6AD6C3CCFF0741718C27FDAD5FFE2123" box="[1050,1153,576,600]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">CANADA</collectingCountry>
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, YT, Outpost Mtn. /
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WNW. dry tundra//talus
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<geoCoordinate id="77F5E59BFF0741718BBDFD8E58832100" box="[896,1020,611,635]" degrees="138.4320" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" precision="5" value="-138.432">138.4320W</geoCoordinate>
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/
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<date id="667FA59CFF0741718C2FFD8E5FFC2100" box="[1042,1155,611,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" value="2010-06-18">18.vi.2010</date>
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el. /S.G. Cannings’; (2) part green, printed with ‘BOLD /06717E06-YT’; (3) green printed ‘
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<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0741718939FD4A5ADE21BB" box="[260,417,679,704]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="2889" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
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<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0741718939FD4A5ADE21BB" box="[260,417,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/AL# 16. det. PHW’; (4) red, printed with ‘
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<typeStatus id="CD7A3DFEFF0741718B9FFD455F6321BB" box="[930,1052,680,704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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[female] /
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<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0741718894FD275A7F2198" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[169,256,714,739]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0741718894FD275A7F2198" box="[169,256,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Bombus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF074171892AFD275AF72198" authorityName="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield" authorityYear="2016" box="[279,392,714,739]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis">
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<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF074171892AFD275AF72198" box="[279,392,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">kluanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/Williams & Cannings, /2016 /det.
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<collectingCountry id="6AD6C3CCFF0741718B13FD2658312198" box="[814,846,715,739]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">PH</collectingCountry>
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Williams 2016’.
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<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0741718C29FD275FFC2198" box="[1044,1155,714,739]" class="Insecta" family="Dermestidae" genus="Anthrenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0741718C29FD275FFC2198" box="[1044,1155,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Anthrenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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damage on the right side of the metasoma and the left fore leg is missing.
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<typeStatus id="CD7A3DFEFF074171889DFCD35A682023" box="[160,279,830,856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="171ED587FF0741718911FCAD5A202023" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A68324AFF07417E893CFEA15F0A21CF:171ED587FF0741718911FCAD5A202023" box="[300,351,832,856]" name="Four" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Four</location>
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females (workers) pinned
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="A2A98901FF0741718AA8FCAD5F552023" box="[661,1066,832,856]" collectionCode="RSKM" collectorName="Dezadeash R" location="Labels" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<location id="171ED587FF0741718AA8FCAD59A02023" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A68324AFF07417E893CFEA15F0A21CF:171ED587FF0741718AA8FCAD59A02023" box="[661,735,832,856]" name="Labels" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Labels</location>
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: AL#17 (
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<collectionCode id="74D01B99FF0741718B03FCAD58FD2023" box="[830,898,832,856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">RSKM</collectionCode>
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) ‘
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<collectorName id="BF34E68AFF0741718BABFCAD5F552023" box="[918,1066,832,856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Dezadeash R</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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.’
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<materialsCitation id="A2A98901FF0741718C06FCAD5A4C20E5" country="Canada" elevation="600" latitude="60.7377" location="Kluane National Park" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-137.7633" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yukon" typeStatus="paratype">
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</quantity>
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‘
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[an error: it should read
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]
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<geoCoordinate id="77F5E59BFF0741718A93FC8E584F2000" box="[686,816,867,891]" degrees="137.7633" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" precision="5" value="-137.7633">137.7633W’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="171ED587FF0741718B00FC8E5F542000" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A68324AFF07417E893CFEA15F0A21CF:171ED587FF0741718B00FC8E5F542000" box="[829,1067,867,891]" country="Canada" latitude="60.7377" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-137.7633" name="Kluane National Park" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" stateProvince="Yukon">Kluane National Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D0054DBEFF0741718C0AFC8E5FFE2000" box="[1079,1153,867,891]" country="Canada" name="Yukon" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Yukon</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6AD6C3CCFF074171889DFC6B5B8820E5" box="[160,247,902,926]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A2A98901FF074171890EFC6B5A2920E5" box="[307,342,902,926]" country="Canada" elevation="600" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="60.7377" location="Kluane National Park" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-137.7633" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yukon" typeStatus="paratype">. S</materialsCitation>
|
||
.G
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A2A98901FF0741718951FC6B589920E5" box="[364,998,901,926]" collectingDate="2010-06-17" collectionCode="UAM" collectorName="Toklat R" country="Canada" location="Cannings" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yukon" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="171ED587FF0741718942FC6B5A9820E5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A68324AFF07417E893CFEA15F0A21CF:171ED587FF0741718942FC6B5A9820E5" box="[383,487,902,926]" country="Canada" name="Cannings" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" stateProvince="Yukon">Cannings</location>
|
||
<date id="667FA59CFF07417189C5FC6B59DE20E5" box="[504,673,902,926]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" value="2010-06-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="763B5C74FF07417189C5FC6B59DE20E5" box="[504,673,902,926]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" value="2010-06-17">17 June 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; AL#4392 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="74D01B99FF0741718B16FC6B581A20E5" box="[811,869,902,926]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/77v7-7va6" name="University of Alaska Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" type="Museum">UAM</collectionCode>
|
||
) ‘
|
||
<collectorName id="BF34E68AFF0741718BBCFC6B589920E5" box="[897,998,902,926]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Toklat R</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.’ ‘
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A2A98901FF0741718C39FC6B598320BB" country="United States of America" latitude="63.50352" location="Denali National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-150.04811" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="77F5E59BFF0741718C39FC6B5FFC20E5" box="[1028,1155,902,926]" degrees="63.50352" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" precision="1" value="63.50352">63.50352°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="77F5E59BFF074171889DFC455A4720BB" box="[160,312,936,960]" degrees="150.04811" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" precision="1" value="-150.04811">150.04811°W’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="171ED587FF074171897BFC45594D20BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A68324AFF07417E893CFEA15F0A21CF:171ED587FF074171897BFC45594D20BB" box="[326,562,936,960]" country="United States of America" latitude="63.50352" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-150.04811" name="Denali National Park" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" stateProvince="Alaska">Denali National Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D0054DBEFF0741718A03FC4559F720BB" box="[574,648,936,960]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6AD6C3CCFF0741718AA9FC4559B920BB" box="[660,710,936,960]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A2A98901FF0741718AC6FC45586B20BB" box="[763,788,936,960]" country="United States of America" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="63.50352" location="Denali National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-150.04811" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska" typeStatus="paratype">. J</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A2A98901FF0741718B29FC455F172098" collectingDate="2012-06-30" collectionCode="PW" country="United States of America" county="Denali National Park" latitude="63.45537" location="Rykken" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-150.14748" municipality="Stony Dome'" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="171ED587FF0741718B1DFC45580F20BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A68324AFF07417E893CFEA15F0A21CF:171ED587FF0741718B1DFC45580F20BB" box="[800,880,936,960]" country="United States of America" county="Denali National Park" latitude="63.45537" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-150.14748" municipality="Stony Dome'" name="Rykken" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" stateProvince="Alaska">Rykken</location>
|
||
<date id="667FA59CFF0741718B47FC455F6920BB" box="[890,1046,936,960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" value="2012-06-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="763B5C74FF0741718B47FC455F6920BB" box="[890,1046,936,960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" value="2012-06-30">30 June 2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; AL#4393 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="74D01B99FF074171889BFC265BB12098" box="[166,206,971,995]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">PW</collectionCode>
|
||
) ‘
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="F21A1926FF07417188DEFC265A092098" box="[227,374,971,995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Stony Dome’</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
‘
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="77F5E59BFF07417189B9FC26597B2098" box="[388,516,971,995]" degrees="63.45537" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" precision="1" value="63.45537">63.45537°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="77F5E59BFF0741718A30FC2659DA2098" box="[525,677,971,995]" degrees="150.14747" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" precision="1" value="-150.14748">150.14747°W’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="FB1FFBD0FF0741718A8EFC2658E12098" box="[691,926,971,995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Denali National Park</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D0054DBEFF0741718B97FC26588B2098" box="[938,1012,971,995]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6AD6C3CCFF0741718C3DFC265F4D2098" box="[1024,1074,971,995]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. J.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="46BED3D4FF074171889DF9D25A022592" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189543" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5189543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5189543/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" startId="5.[160,225,1599,1622]" targetBox="[164,1152,1054,1568]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF074171889DF9D25A022592" blockId="5.[160,1157,1599,1769]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF074171889DF9D25B85252D" bold="true" box="[160,250,1599,1622]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Sites with one or more records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0741718A6BF9D25872252D" authority="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield, 2016" authorityName="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield" authorityYear="2016" box="[598,781,1599,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0741718A6BF9D25872252D" box="[598,781,1599,1622]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Bombus kluanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3B86E235FF0741718B29F9D2581D252D" box="[788,866,1599,1622]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
shown as black spots for the material examined, with white spots for samples with COI sequences, and grey crosses for sites with one or more records of all other species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0741718AE4F994581D25EB" box="[729,866,1657,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0741718AE4F994581D25EB" box="[729,866,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2885">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the region combined. Map with polar projection, with relief and hill shading, and with national boundaries and the Arctic Circle shown as narrow grey lines. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap which is © 2014 ESRI.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="46BED3D4FF044172889DFC365F6C2756" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189545" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5189545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5189545/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" startId="6.[160,225,987,1010]" targetBox="[175,1120,157,953]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF044172889DFC365F6C2756" blockId="6.[160,1157,987,1069]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF044172889DFC365B832089" bold="true" box="[160,252,987,1010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Photo of the holotype queen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0441728A72FC3658782089" authority="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield, 2016" authorityName="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield" authorityYear="2016" box="[591,775,987,1010]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0441728A72FC3658782089" box="[591,775,987,1010]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886">Bombus kluanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3B86E235FF0441728B2DFC3658202089" box="[784,863,987,1010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from the right lateral aspect (scale bar marked in mm), image reversed, collected from 2000 m on Outpost Mountain (60.9502°N, 138.4320°W), Yukon, 18 June 2010. Photo by Harry Taylor, © NHM digital imaging unit.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF044172889DFB90582827CC" blockId="6.[160,1156,1148,1207]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A2A98901FF044172889DFB90584127EE" box="[160,830,1148,1173]" collectingDate="2012-07-01" collectionCode="UAM" collectorName="East Fork R" location="Rykken" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="171ED587FF044172889DFB905B8F27EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A68324AFF07417E893CFEA15F0A21CF:171ED587FF044172889DFB905B8F27EE" box="[160,240,1149,1173]" name="Rykken" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886">Rykken</location>
|
||
<date id="667FA59CFF04417288C0FB905AF527EE" box="[253,394,1149,1173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" value="2012-07-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="763B5C74FF04417288C0FB905AF527EE" box="[253,394,1149,1173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" value="2012-07-01">1 July 2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; AL#4394 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="74D01B99FF0441728A32FB90593627EE" box="[527,585,1149,1173]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/77v7-7va6" name="University of Alaska Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" type="Museum">UAM</collectionCode>
|
||
) ‘above
|
||
<collectorName id="BF34E68AFF0441728A89FB90584127EE" box="[692,830,1149,1173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886">East Fork R</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.’ ‘
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A2A98901FF0441728B64FB90592D27CC" country="United States of America" latitude="63.54604" location="Denali National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-149.81895" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="77F5E59BFF0441728B64FB9058A627EE" box="[857,985,1149,1173]" degrees="63.54604" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" precision="1" value="63.54604">63.54604°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="77F5E59BFF0441728BDBFB905F0227EF" box="[998,1149,1148,1173]" degrees="149.81896" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" precision="1" value="-149.81895">149.81896°W’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="171ED587FF044172889DFB725AF527CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A68324AFF07417E893CFEA15F0A21CF:171ED587FF044172889DFB725AF527CC" box="[160,394,1183,1207]" country="United States of America" latitude="63.54604" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-149.81895" name="Denali National Park" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" stateProvince="Alaska">Denali National Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D0054DBEFF04417289ABFB725A9F27CC" box="[406,480,1183,1207]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6AD6C3CCFF04417289D6FB72596227CC" box="[491,541,1183,1207]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A2A98901FF0441728A6FFB72591527CC" box="[594,618,1183,1207]" country="United States of America" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="63.54604" location="Denali National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-149.81895" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska">. J</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A2A98901FF0441728A57FB72582C27CC" box="[618,851,1183,1207]" collectingDate="2012-07-09" country="United States of America" location="Rykken" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska">
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="171ED587FF0441728A4BFB7259B927CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A68324AFF07417E893CFEA15F0A21CF:171ED587FF0441728A4BFB7259B927CC" box="[630,710,1183,1207]" country="United States of America" name="Rykken" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" stateProvince="Alaska">Rykken</location>
|
||
<date id="667FA59CFF0441728AF2FB72582C27CC" box="[719,851,1183,1207]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" value="2012-07-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="763B5C74FF0441728AF2FB72582C27CC" box="[719,851,1183,1207]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" value="2012-07-09">9 July 2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF044172889DFB0E583E261E" blockId="6.[160,1156,1251,1381]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF044172889DFB0E59652786" bold="true" box="[160,538,1251,1277]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" reason="3">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Two queens pinned (
|
||
<collectionCode id="74D01B99FF0441728B0CFB0858172786" box="[817,872,1253,1277]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
), labels: AL#2305, 2306 ‘Kutlan [Klutlan] Glacier /Y. T.
|
||
<quantity id="D5392EB9FF0441728A3EFAEA59232664" box="[515,604,1287,1311]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7432" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" unit="ft" value="9000.0">9000 ft.</quantity>
|
||
’, coll. A. Pattison, H.F.J. Lambart,
|
||
<date id="667FA59CFF0441728BD0FAEA5FFF2664" box="[1005,1152,1287,1311]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" value="1913-06-01">1 June 1913</date>
|
||
. Eighteen queens and
|
||
<specimenCount id="04C748D5FF04417289A3FAC759562639" box="[414,553,1322,1346]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" type="worker">222 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
pinned (
|
||
<collectionCode id="74D01B99FF0441728AAFFAC759A22639" box="[658,733,1322,1346]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
), labels: ‘Kluane, Y.T., Can.’, coll. L.W. Macior,
|
||
<date id="667FA59CFF04417288C7FAA05977261E" box="[250,520,1356,1381]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" value="1971-06-22" valueMax="1971-08-02" valueMin="1971-06-22">22 June‒2 August 1971</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="667FA59CFF0441728A79FAA05843261E" box="[580,828,1356,1381]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" value="1972-06-20" valueMax="1972-07-25" valueMin="1972-06-20">20 June‒25 July 1972</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5ADBD0D7FF04417E889DFA7D5F22217A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="2890" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF044172889DFA7D5ADE26D1" blockId="6.[160,1156,1424,1727]" box="[160,417,1424,1450]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886">
|
||
<heading id="49363430FF044172889DFA7D5ADE26D1" box="[160,417,1424,1450]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF044172889DFA7D5ADE26D1" bold="true" box="[160,417,1424,1450]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" reason="3">Description of female</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF044173889DFA5E5A3526B6" blockId="6.[160,1156,1424,1727]" lastBlockId="7.[160,1155,1218,1485]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="2887" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF044172889DFA5E5A4826B6" bold="true" box="[160,311,1459,1485]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" reason="3">Morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="8AFA9FD9FF0441728A7CFA5859DF26B6" box="[577,672,1461,1485]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[160,225,987,1010]" captionTargetBox="[175,1120,157,953]" captionTargetId="figure-210@6.[163,1153,142,956]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Photo of the holotype queen of Bombus kluanensis sp. nov. from the right lateral aspect (scale bar marked in mm), image reversed, collected from 2000 m on Outpost Mountain (60.9502°N, 138.4320°W), Yukon, 18 June 2010. Photo by Harry Taylor, © NHM digital imaging unit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5189545/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
. Body size large: queen body length
|
||
<quantity id="D5392EB9FF0441728C64FA585B8B2694" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="22.0">22‒ 25 mm</quantity>
|
||
, worker body length
|
||
<quantity id="D5392EB9FF04417289D0FA3A59142694" box="[493,619,1495,1519]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="12.0">12‒18 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Hair (pubescence) moderately long and even, wings clear. Mandible with a deep broad distal notch anterior to the posterior tooth. Oculo-malar area (‘cheek’ sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7650FEADFF0441728A31F9F0599A254E" author="Williams PH & Thorp RW & Richardson LL & Colla SR" box="[524,741,1565,1589]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886" refId="ref6368" refString="Williams PH, Thorp RW, Richardson LL, Colla SR. 2014. Bumble bees of North America. An identification guide. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press." type="book" year="2014">Williams et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; not the gena) long, 1.27‒1.54 times longer (length measured between the ventral edge of the compound eye and the edge of the malar area at the articulation of the mandible midway between the mandibular condyles) than the breadth of the mandible at its base (breadth between and including the mandibular condyles), shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="8AFA9FD9FF0441728A75F94A59CE25C4" box="[584,689,1703,1727]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1495,1518]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,734,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-172@3.[163,1153,734,1464]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Plot of measurements of mandibular basal breadth (x-axis) against oculo-malar distance (y-axis) for females (n = 62). Each symbol represents pairs of measurements from one or more specimens, with circles for workers and squares for queens. k: specimens identified from their COI barcodes as Bombus kluanensis sp. nov.; n: specimens identified from their COI barcodes as B. neoboreus; the primary type specimens for these two names are indicated with grey lines (holotype queen of B. kluanensis sp. nov.; lectotype queen of B. neoboreus). Specimens interpreted as belonging to the species B. neoboreus are shown with outline symbols; specimens interpreted as belonging to the species B. kluanensis sp. nov. are shown with filled symbols." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5189539/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="8AFA9FD9FF0441728ACDF94A598125C4" box="[752,766,1703,1727]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1052,1075]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1021]" captionTargetId="figure-194@7.[163,1153,142,1021]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Photo of the holotype queen of Bombus kluanensis sp. nov. (as in Figure 3) showing detail of the left ‘cheek’ (oculo-malar) area between the ventral part of the compound eye and the dorsal part of the mandible. Photo by Harry Taylor, © NHM digital imaging unit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5189547/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="2886">4</figureCitation>
|
||
. Clypeus moderately swollen and projecting, the central area with nearly uniformly scattered large, medium and small punctures, fewer along the midline. The area between the inner edge of the compound eye and the outer edge of the lateral ocellus occupied in its outer half by a broad band of mostly large punctures, spaced often by more than their own widths, the smaller punctures between the larger punctures much more abundant anteriorly. Midleg basitarsus with the distal posterior corner just acute but rounded; hindleg tibia outer surface with a corbicula, the surface sculpturing weak so that the surface appears shining and nearly smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="46BED3D4FF054173889DFBF158F72715" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189547" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5189547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5189547/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="2887" startId="7.[160,225,1052,1075]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1021]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF054173889DFBF158F72715" blockId="7.[160,1156,1052,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2887">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF054173889DFBF15B852748" bold="true" box="[160,250,1052,1075]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2887">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Photo of the holotype queen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0541738A78FBF159832748" authority="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield, 2016" authorityName="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield" authorityYear="2016" box="[581,764,1052,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="2887" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0541738A78FBF159832748" box="[581,764,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2887">Bombus kluanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3B86E235FF0541738B3EFBF1582F2748" box="[771,848,1052,1075]" pageId="7" pageNumber="2887" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(as in Figure 3) showing detail of the left
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0541738936FBD45A6F272B" box="[267,272,1081,1104]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2887">‘</emphasis>
|
||
cheek
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0541738974FBD45A31272B" box="[329,334,1081,1104]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2887">’</emphasis>
|
||
(oculo-malar) area between the ventral part of the compound eye and the dorsal part of the mandible. Photo by Harry Taylor, © NHM digital imaging unit.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF05417C889DFA155F26224A" blockId="7.[160,1156,1528,1727]" lastBlockId="8.[160,1156,142,305]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="2888" pageId="7" pageNumber="2887">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF054173889DFA155A9C2569" bold="true" box="[160,483,1528,1554]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="2887" reason="3">Colour pattern of the hair.</emphasis>
|
||
Hair of the body predominantly black. Head with just a very few scattered yellow hairs posteriorly on the occiput. Thoracic dorsum with broad anterior and posterior yellow bands, sometimes with a minority of black hairs intermixed on the scutellum; side of the thorax (mesepisternum) predominantly black, in its dorsal two thirds varying from a minority to a majority of yellow hairs intermixed. Metasomal terga 1‒3 (T1‒3) yellow, but T3 varying from a minority to a majority of black hairs intermixed anteriorly; T4‒6 usually entirely black. Three workers (AL#17, 4652, 4689) have orange hair intermixed on T6 and on the posterior margin of T5. Two workers (AL#4473, 4686) have the hair on T5–6 predominantly orange, with more black hairs anteriorly on T5, resembling many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C8BC4FF3E5F012397" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1919" box="[1017,1150,211,236]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C8BC4FF3E5F012397" box="[1017,1150,211,236]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Two workers tentatively associated with this species have T3 and the side of the thorax either predominantly black (AL#4466) or almost entirely black (AL#4700), resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C8BCFFEF55F2D224A" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1931" box="[1010,1106,280,305]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natvigi">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C8BCFFEF55F2D224A" box="[1010,1106,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">B. natvigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF0A417C889DFE8559F02184" blockId="8.[160,1156,360,767]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C889DFE855AD322F9" bold="true" box="[160,428,360,386]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" reason="3">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
|
||
Most similar to those individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C8B5FFE84588E22F9" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1919" box="[866,1009,361,386]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C8B5FFE84588E22F9" box="[866,1009,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a light colour pattern, but distinguished by having the oculo-malar area (cheek) 1.27‒1.54 times longer than the breadth of the mandible at its base, longer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C8B94FE435F4922BC" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1919" box="[937,1078,430,455]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C8B94FE435F4922BC" box="[937,1078,430,455]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1.08‒ 1.23 times longer than broad;
|
||
<figureCitation id="8AFA9FD9FF0A417C89CBFE3F592C2291" box="[502,595,466,490]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1495,1518]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,734,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-172@3.[163,1153,734,1464]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Plot of measurements of mandibular basal breadth (x-axis) against oculo-malar distance (y-axis) for females (n = 62). Each symbol represents pairs of measurements from one or more specimens, with circles for workers and squares for queens. k: specimens identified from their COI barcodes as Bombus kluanensis sp. nov.; n: specimens identified from their COI barcodes as B. neoboreus; the primary type specimens for these two names are indicated with grey lines (holotype queen of B. kluanensis sp. nov.; lectotype queen of B. neoboreus). Specimens interpreted as belonging to the species B. neoboreus are shown with outline symbols; specimens interpreted as belonging to the species B. kluanensis sp. nov. are shown with filled symbols." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5189539/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Colour pattern with the upper two-thirds of the side of the thorax yellow with many black hairs intermixed; T3 is yellow but with black hairs intermixed anteriorly (whereas both of these areas have few black hairs in many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C8C4DFDFB5A6E2129" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C8C4DFDFB5A6E2129" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
if they have T3 with yellow hairs posteriorly); and T5‒6 are usually entirely black, rarely with orange hairs (T5‒6 usually have at least a few orange hairs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C8C4DFDB15A6E21EC" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C8C4DFDB15A6E21EC" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Compared to the dark colour pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C8AC4FD9358F921EC" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1919" box="[761,902,638,663]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C8AC4FD9358F921EC" box="[761,902,638,663]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C8BA8FD935F5D21EC" authority="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield, 2016" authorityName="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield" authorityYear="2016" box="[917,1058,638,663]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C8BA8FD935F5D21EC" box="[917,1058,638,663]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3B86E235FF0A417C8C16FD925FFB21EC" box="[1067,1156,639,663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
always has the scutellum with a broad yellow band (whereas it may be black in dark
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C8C4DFD4C5A6E21A6" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C8C4DFD4C5A6E21A6" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Keys and colour-pattern diagrams for the identification of all species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C892BFD0B5ACC2184" box="[278,435,742,767]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C892BFD0B5ACC2184" box="[278,435,742,767]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are in preparation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF0A417C889DFCDA5AF5202A" blockId="8.[160,394,823,883]" box="[160,394,823,849]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">
|
||
<heading id="49363430FF0A417C889DFCDA5AF5202A" box="[160,394,823,849]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C889DFCDA5AF5202A" bold="true" box="[160,394,823,849]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" reason="3">Description of male</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF0A417C889DFCB65A6C2008" blockId="8.[160,394,823,883]" box="[160,275,859,883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF0A417C889DFC465A7920BE" blockId="8.[160,1156,939,1727]" box="[160,262,939,965]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C889DFC465A7920BE" bold="true" box="[160,262,939,965]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF0A417C889DFC225A472734" blockId="8.[160,1156,939,1727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">
|
||
North American bumblebee species are relatively well known compared to bumblebee species in other parts of the world (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7650FEADFF0A417C8A7BFC1F59982771" author="Williams PH" box="[582,743,1010,1034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" pagination="79 - 152" refId="ref6230" refString="Williams PH. 1998. An annotated checklist of bumble bees with an analysis of patterns of description (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bull Nat Hist Mus Entomol. 67: 79 - 152." type="journal article" year="1998">Williams 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 2). The last time a bumblebee species entirely unrecognised by science was described from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6AD6C3CCFF0A417C8BB9FBF858CC2756" box="[900,947,1045,1069]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6AD6C3CCFF0A417C8BE4FBF85F522756" box="[985,1069,1045,1069]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
was by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7650FEADFF0A417C889DFBDA5A4B2734" author="Frison TH" box="[160,308,1079,1103]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" pagination="365 - 380" refId="ref5346" refString="Frison TH. 1927. Records and descriptions of western bumblebees (Bremidae). Proc Calif Acad Sci. 16: 365 - 380." type="journal article" year="1927">Frison (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF0A417C88FDFBB458802694" blockId="8.[160,1156,939,1727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C88FDFBB45AED2709" authority="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield, 2016" authorityName="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield" authorityYear="2016" box="[192,402,1113,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C88FDFBB45AED2709" box="[192,402,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">Bombus kluanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3B86E235FF0A417C89A1FBB75A892709" box="[412,502,1114,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is largely cryptic in morphology and colour pattern and was discovered using (1) coalescent-based analysis of a fast mitochondrial gene, which is corroborated by (2) divergence in a slow nuclear gene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7650FEADFF0A417C8B14FB725F7327CC" author="Williams PH & Byvaltsev AM & Cederberg B & Berezin MV & Odegaard F & Rasmussen C & Richardson LL & Huang J-X & Sheffield CS & Williams ST" box="[809,1036,1183,1207]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref6312" refString="Williams PH, Byvaltsev AM, Cederberg B, Berezin MV, Odegaard F, Rasmussen C, Richardson LL, Huang J-X, Sheffield CS, Williams ST. 2015. Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE. 10: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2015">Williams et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Here we show for the first time that there is also corroboration from (3) subtle morphological evidence. From the most closely related species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C8AD4FB0958052786" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1919" box="[745,890,1252,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C8AD4FB0958052786" box="[745,890,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C8BB6FB095F632786" authority="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield, 2016" authorityName="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield" authorityYear="2016" box="[907,1052,1252,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C8BB6FB095F632786" box="[907,1052,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3B86E235FF0A417C8C15FB085FFB2786" box="[1064,1156,1253,1277]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs slightly in the shape of the female head.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7650FEADFF0A417C8AE0FAEA58D12664" author="de Queiroz K" box="[733,942,1287,1311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" pagination="879 - 886" refId="ref4969" refString="de Queiroz K. 2007. Species concepts and species delimitation. Syst Biol. 56: 879 - 886." type="journal article" year="2007">de Queiroz (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described how in theory the unified species concept requires evidence minimally from just one practical criterion, providing that this criterion is applied appropriately. None of the factors most likely to compromise the interpretation of the genetic data in supporting a separate species (biased sampling, paralogy, introgression, heteroplasmy, incomplete lineage sorting) appears to be a substantial problem in this case (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7650FEADFF0A417C8B0BFA585F6926B6" author="Williams PH & Byvaltsev AM & Cederberg B & Berezin MV & Odegaard F & Rasmussen C & Richardson LL & Huang J-X & Sheffield CS & Williams ST" box="[822,1046,1461,1485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref6312" refString="Williams PH, Byvaltsev AM, Cederberg B, Berezin MV, Odegaard F, Rasmussen C, Richardson LL, Huang J-X, Sheffield CS, Williams ST. 2015. Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE. 10: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2015">Williams et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C8C11FA595A6E2694" authority="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield, 2016" authorityName="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C8C11FA595A6E2694" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">Bombus kluanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3B86E235FF0A417C8927FA3A5A0D2694" box="[282,370,1495,1519]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
remains difficult to identify except from its COI barcode.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF0A417D88FDFA1759C92579" blockId="8.[160,1156,939,1727]" lastBlockId="9.[160,1156,1479,1711]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="2889" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">
|
||
Following the Bayesian estimate of phylogeny based on COI and PEPCK for the species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C89FDF9F15922254E" box="[448,605,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C89FDF9F15922254E" box="[448,605,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7650FEADFF0A417C8AB6F9F05804254E" author="Williams PH & Byvaltsev AM & Cederberg B & Berezin MV & Odegaard F & Rasmussen C & Richardson LL & Huang J-X & Sheffield CS & Williams ST" box="[651,891,1565,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref6312" refString="Williams PH, Byvaltsev AM, Cederberg B, Berezin MV, Odegaard F, Rasmussen C, Richardson LL, Huang J-X, Sheffield CS, Williams ST. 2015. Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE. 10: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2015">Williams et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we can substitute the name ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C88D1F9D35A22252C" authority="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield, 2016" authorityName="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield" authorityYear="2016" box="[236,349,1598,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C88D1F9D35A22252C" box="[236,349,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">kluanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3B86E235FF0A417C8959F9D25AC4252C" box="[356,443,1599,1623]" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
’ for ‘unnamed’ in the tree in
|
||
<figureCitation id="8AFA9FD9FF0A417C8B3EF9D25820252C" box="[771,863,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1203,1226]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1171]" captionTargetId="figure-95@9.[163,1153,142,1172]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Estimate of the phylogenetic tree for the species of the subgenus Alpinobombus (Table 1), from a linked-tree BEAST analysis of COI sequences and PEPCK exon and intron sequences for each species (Williams et al. 2015), showing the relationships of Bombus kluanensis sp. nov. Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support. Values below the nodes are estimated dates of divergence in Ma (millions of years before the present) calibrated from a molecular estimate for the date of divergence between the subgenus Alpinobombus and the subgenus Bombus s. str. (Hines 2008). Grey bars show the 95% confidence limits on the estimated dates of divergence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5189549/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
. It is still possible that the list of species for the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0A417C8A3AF98C59DB2501" box="[519,676,1633,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0A417C8A3AF98C59DB2501" box="[519,676,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8AFA9FD9FF0A417C8A8EF98F586F2501" box="[691,784,1634,1658]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1203,1226]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1171]" captionTargetId="figure-95@9.[163,1153,142,1172]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Estimate of the phylogenetic tree for the species of the subgenus Alpinobombus (Table 1), from a linked-tree BEAST analysis of COI sequences and PEPCK exon and intron sequences for each species (Williams et al. 2015), showing the relationships of Bombus kluanensis sp. nov. Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support. Values below the nodes are estimated dates of divergence in Ma (millions of years before the present) calibrated from a molecular estimate for the date of divergence between the subgenus Alpinobombus and the subgenus Bombus s. str. (Hines 2008). Grey bars show the 95% confidence limits on the estimated dates of divergence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5189549/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="5F43B6E7FF0A417C8B20F98F580F2501" box="[797,880,1634,1658]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[160,216,142,165]" captionText="Table 1. List of the valid names of the species (shown in bold) from an analysis of Cytochrome c" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) may change as genetic data become available from other less accessible Arctic areas, especially from the more remote islands.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8AFA9FD9FF0A417C8955F94A5AB025C4" box="[360,463,1703,1727]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1203,1226]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1171]" captionTargetId="figure-95@9.[163,1153,142,1172]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Estimate of the phylogenetic tree for the species of the subgenus Alpinobombus (Table 1), from a linked-tree BEAST analysis of COI sequences and PEPCK exon and intron sequences for each species (Williams et al. 2015), showing the relationships of Bombus kluanensis sp. nov. Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support. Values below the nodes are estimated dates of divergence in Ma (millions of years before the present) calibrated from a molecular estimate for the date of divergence between the subgenus Alpinobombus and the subgenus Bombus s. str. (Hines 2008). Grey bars show the 95% confidence limits on the estimated dates of divergence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5189549/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="2888">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
shows that the crown diversification of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0B417D889DFA2A5A42269B" box="[160,317,1479,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0B417D889DFA2A5A42269B" box="[160,317,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred after the northern hemisphere ice sheets started forming in the late Miocene after
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0B417D894AFA045AFD2579" box="[375,386,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889">c</emphasis>
|
||
. 8 Ma (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7650FEADFF0B417D89E5FA0759D52579" author="Zachos J & Pagani M & Sloan L & Thomas E & Billups K" box="[472,682,1514,1538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889" pagination="686 - 693" refId="ref6440" refString="Zachos J, Pagani M, Sloan L, Thomas E, Billups K. 2001. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to Present. Science. 292: 686 - 693." type="journal article" year="2001">Zachos et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="46BED3D4FF0B417D889DFB5E5A1326E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5189549" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5189549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5189549/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889" startId="9.[160,225,1203,1226]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1171]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF0B417D889DFB5E5A1326E3" blockId="9.[160,1156,1203,1432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0B417D889DFB5E5B8527B1" bold="true" box="[160,250,1203,1226]" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Estimate of the phylogenetic tree for the species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0B417D8BAAFB5E5F5F27B1" box="[919,1056,1203,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0B417D8BAAFB5E5F5F27B1" box="[919,1056,1203,1226]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table 1), from a linked-tree BEAST analysis of COI sequences and PEPCK exon and intron sequences for each species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7650FEADFF0B417D88CEFB035AC8267E" author="Williams PH & Byvaltsev AM & Cederberg B & Berezin MV & Odegaard F & Rasmussen C & Richardson LL & Huang J-X & Sheffield CS & Williams ST" box="[243,439,1262,1285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref6312" refString="Williams PH, Byvaltsev AM, Cederberg B, Berezin MV, Odegaard F, Rasmussen C, Richardson LL, Huang J-X, Sheffield CS, Williams ST. 2015. Genes suggest ancestral colour polymorphisms are shared across morphologically cryptic species in arctic bumblebees. PLoS ONE. 10: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2015">Williams et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), showing the relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0B417D8AD0FB0058DB267F" authority="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield, 2016" authorityName="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield" authorityYear="2016" box="[749,932,1261,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0B417D8AD0FB0058DB267F" box="[749,932,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889">Bombus kluanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3B86E235FF0B417D8B91FB035885267E" box="[940,1018,1262,1285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support. Values below the nodes are estimated dates of divergence in Ma (millions of years before the present) calibrated from a molecular estimate for the date of divergence between the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0B417D8BA4FAA85F5D2627" box="[921,1058,1349,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Alpinobombus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0B417D8BA4FAA85F5D2627" box="[921,1058,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889">Alpinobombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0B417D893AFA8E5A2C2601" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[263,339,1379,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0B417D893AFA8E5A2C2601" box="[263,339,1379,1402]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889">Bombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3B86E235FF0B417D8961FA8E5AED2601" box="[348,402,1379,1402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7650FEADFF0B417D89A2FA8E59702601" author="Hines HM" box="[415,527,1379,1402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889" pagination="58 - 75" refId="ref5416" refString="Hines HM. 2008. Historical biogeography, divergence times, and diversification patterns of bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus). Syst Biol. 57: 58 - 75." type="journal article" year="2008">Hines 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Grey bars show the 95% confidence limits on the estimated dates of divergence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF0B417D88FDF9E0594C25D4" blockId="9.[160,1156,1479,1711]" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889">
|
||
The habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF0B417D8958F9E15A8F255E" authority="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield, 2016" authorityName="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield" authorityYear="2016" box="[357,496,1548,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0B417D8958F9E15A8F255E" box="[357,496,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3B86E235FF0B417D89CAF9E05931255E" box="[503,590,1549,1573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
at higher elevations (six known records with data,
|
||
<quantity id="D5392EB9FF0B417D889DF9C25A51253C" box="[160,302,1583,1607]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889" unit="m" value="1300.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="600.0">
|
||
600
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF0B417D88F4F9C25BA9253C" box="[201,214,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889">‒</emphasis>
|
||
2000 m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, median
|
||
<quantity id="D5392EB9FF0B417D89A4F9C25A91253C" box="[409,494,1583,1607]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.098" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889" unit="m" value="1098.0">1098 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level) in the St Elias Mountains near Kluane in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D0054DBEFF0B417D88F1F9BF5A6C2511" box="[204,275,1618,1642]" country="Canada" name="Yukon" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889">Yukon</collectingRegion>
|
||
and in the Denali National Park in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D0054DBEFF0B417D8AF6F9BF586D2511" box="[715,786,1618,1642]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
Range of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D0054DBEFF0B417D8BB8F9BF58B32511" box="[901,972,1618,1642]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="9" pageNumber="2889">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
is alpine tundra and dwarf shrub heath. The habitat at lower elevations is flower-rich dry grassland. Its food plants are currently unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF08417E88FDFF635F22217A" blockId="10.[160,1156,141,513]" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890">
|
||
Diversification of the
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF08417E898DFF60599223DD" box="[432,749,141,166]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890">neoboreus-kluanensis-natvigi</emphasis>
|
||
group may have taken place within the Beringian refuge, which has remained relatively ice-free (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7650FEADFF08417E8B52FF5C5BA82397" author="Abbott RJ & Brochmann C" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890" pagination="299 - 313" refId="ref4661" refString="Abbott RJ, Brochmann C. 2003. History and evolution of the arctic flora: in the footsteps of Eric Hulten. Mol Ecol. 12: 299 - 313." type="journal article" year="2003">Abbott and Brochmann 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The biotic history of the Arctic and of the Beringian refuge may be complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7650FEADFF08417E889BFF1B5A912275" author="Abbott RJ & Brochmann C" box="[166,494,246,270]" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890" pagination="299 - 313" refId="ref4661" refString="Abbott RJ, Brochmann C. 2003. History and evolution of the arctic flora: in the footsteps of Eric Hulten. Mol Ecol. 12: 299 - 313." type="journal article" year="2003">Abbott and Brochmann 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7650FEADFF08417E89C7FF1B58312275" author="Elias SA & Brigham-Grette J" box="[506,846,246,270]" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890" pagination="191 - 201" refId="ref4990" refString="Elias SA, Brigham-Grette J. 2013. Late Pleistocene glacial events in Beringia. In: Elias S, editor. Encyclopedia of quaternary science. London: Elsevier; p. 191 - 201." type="book chapter" year="2013">Elias and Brigham-Grette 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7650FEADFF08417E8B67FF1B58992275" author="Pringle H" box="[858,998,246,270]" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890" pagination="961 - 963" refId="ref5904" refString="Pringle H. 2014. Welcome to Beringia. Science. 343: 961 - 963." type="journal article" year="2014">Pringle 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF08417E88E8FEF55A1E224A" authority="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield, 2016" authorityName="Williams & Cannings & Sheffield" authorityYear="2016" box="[213,353,280,305]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kluanensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF08417E88E8FEF55A1E224A" box="[213,353,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890">B. kluanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3B86E235FF08417E8955FEF45ABF224A" box="[360,448,281,305]" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF08417E89C4FEF559FA224A" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1919" box="[505,645,280,305]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoboreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF08417E89C4FEF559FA224A" box="[505,645,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890">B. neoboreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could represent relict populations remaining from successive waves of range expansion and contraction following the cycles of climate change with associated glaciations. High elevations of the Yukon’ s Kluane mountains in the St Elias Range are unusual for having outlying disjunct and genetically divergent populations of otherwise Arctic species: for example, the moth,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF08417E8BC3FE4E596F22A5" authority="(Wocke)" baseAuthorityName="Wocke" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" genus="Gynaephora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groenlandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF08417E8BC3FE4E5A5122A5" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890">Gynaephora groenlandica</emphasis>
|
||
(Wocke) (Erebidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the locoweed,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF08417E8AF5FE285F3322A5" authority="R. Br." authorityName="R. Br." box="[712,1100,453,478]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Oxytropis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF08417E8AF5FE2858FD22A5" box="[712,898,453,478]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890">Oxytropis arctica</emphasis>
|
||
R. Br. (Fabaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the grass
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5C1F8DFFF08417E892DFE055801217A" authority="(Liebm.) Scrib. and Merr." authorityName="Scrib. and Merr." baseAuthorityName="Liebm." box="[272,894,488,513]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Puccinellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vahliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF08417E892DFE055A94217A" box="[272,491,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890">Puccinellia vahliana</emphasis>
|
||
(Liebm.) Scrib. and Merr. (Poaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7650FEADFF08417E8BB0FE045F2F217A" author="Barrio IC & Schmidt BC & Cannings S & Hik DS" box="[909,1104,489,513]" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890" pagination="429 - 434" refId="ref4746" refString="Barrio IC, Schmidt BC, Cannings S, Hik DS. 2013. First records of the Arctic moth Gynaephora groenlandica (Wocke) south of the Arctic Circle: a new alpine subspecies. Arctic. 66: 429 - 434." type="journal article" year="2013">Barrio et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5ADBD0D7FF08417E889DFDDF5F0A21CF" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF08417E889DFDDF5A622137" blockId="10.[160,1156,562,692]" box="[160,285,562,588]" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890">
|
||
<heading id="49363430FF08417E889DFDDF5A622137" box="[160,285,562,588]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="20B55F4EFF08417E889DFDDF5A622137" bold="true" box="[160,285,562,588]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890" reason="3">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="127E835CFF08417E889DFDBB5F0A21CF" blockId="10.[160,1156,562,692]" pageId="10" pageNumber="2890">The name is proposed to convey the idea that much of the current knowledge of this species comes from the longest series of specimens from Kluane. The formation of the name adopted here follows the form used for plant taxa named after Kluane (www.efloras.org).</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |