311 lines
34 KiB
XML
311 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="74E2B5A827D9F459080A5DDC8E11E9B7" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.182158" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cf174352-23e4-4e2c-b499-a4800c461851" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="182158" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459852100804" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Faccoli, Massimo" docDate="2008" docId="5C0387CE694DFFEAFF3DF9C3FA55F0D9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01772p062.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1772" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff 1875" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="A03AFFB6694DFFE8FFAAFFCCFFDFF24B" masterDocTitle="First record of Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff from Europe, with an illustrated key to the European Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1698225398128" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="552112B28F23D869B9E1750D5A63AB0A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C15074C5944EE8280FD07133C428EE0C">
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<mods:title id="BC7A5634A97060EF4C3D7258DD97FAAC">First record of Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff from Europe, with an illustrated key to the European Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="02915DDE914F336AED09CABA8C4768BB" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="442A9482AD53AE0099FF4024C701A471">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0ECC2EA2D4F414A3F3AFB84B981D6543">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="02F0DF1DCE62F5739B80338B8C943A8E">Faccoli, Massimo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="420356BC0B52D3BF6AF06D5337677FD5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BDD0B1434639F86DDBBF9E5A8255D1EF">
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<mods:title id="7182A26BBFFC39F0D36557F51BDFAEB7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4D71ADE31B68FFD37506448625A37092">
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<mods:date id="852FD80F695A8B4B5A1507430B6D973B">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="AB2C62D3F63232AF12629229A5652D26" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A1BD660C3617242775E1141C2DAA3F05">1772</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="2408408C619F7CD6B27861502B8589F5" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="2C5DE040531FD269DAFBEBB67D023A4C">55</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="D6D6603F4FF3671B69DDA55636FC1355">62</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="A061C3DEAC7F629F3F45B2D24ADF5E74">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0B8DA61AA4B994931F91A87DC0B68E74" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.182158</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C5A28CEA568677519C6F28B5DB449A0A" type="GBIF-Dataset">cf174352-23e4-4e2c-b499-a4800c461851</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="600230468635644AA0111E86AB32AEC1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="92BE6CFFB8D62D4A87357BA46DA803E1" type="Zenodo-Dep">182158</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5C0387CE694DFFEAFF3DF9C3FA55F0D9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6227277" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119362577" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6227277" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C0387CE694DFFEAFF3DF9C3FA55F0D9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C0387CE694DFFEAFF3DF9C3FA55F0D9" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection id="9CB06553694DFFE8FF3DF9C3FA58F52F" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D41536D8694DFFE8FF3DF9C3FDF7F462" blockId="0.[151,552,1551,1577]" box="[151,552,1551,1577]" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
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<heading id="8F5D81B4694DFFE8FF3DF9C3FDF7F462" bold="true" box="[151,552,1551,1577]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694DFFE8FF3DF9C3FDF7F462" ID-CoL="5CHHG" authority="Eichhoff, 1875" authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,552,1551,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">
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<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694DFFE8FF3DF9C3FDF7F462" bold="true" box="[151,552,1551,1577]" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694DFFE8FF3DF9C3FEB2F462" bold="true" box="[151,365,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Xyleborus atratus</emphasis>
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Eichhoff, 1875
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D41536D8694DFFE8FF3DF996FA58F52F" blockId="0.[151,1436,1626,2012]" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694DFFE8FF3DF996FEAFF43F" bold="true" box="[151,368,1626,1652]" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">General features.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694DFFE8FED0F997FD93F43F" box="[378,588,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">
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<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694DFFE8FED0F997FD93F43F" box="[378,588,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Xyleborus atratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is superficially very similar to the Holarctic
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<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694DFFE8FBC2F997FF10F4D7" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
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<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694DFFE8FBC2F997FA9DF43F" box="[1128,1346,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Anisandrus dispar</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</taxonomicName>
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but may be readily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694DFFE8FD77F94FFCBDF4D7" box="[733,866,1667,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694DFFE8FD77F94FFCBDF4D7" box="[733,866,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Anisandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the absence of a pronotal or mesonotal mycangium, as indicated by a median tuft of hairs at the base of the pronotum. In
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<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694DFFE8FBCCF967FB02F48F" box="[1126,1245,1707,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694DFFE8FBCCF967FB02F48F" box="[1126,1245,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Xyleborus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the mycangium usually consists of mandibular pouches, suggesting a more distant relationship (
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<bibRefCitation id="B03B4B29694DFFE8FB96F91EFAD6F4A7" author="Hulcr" box="[1084,1289,1746,1772]" pageId="0" pageNumber="62" refString="Hulcr, J., Dole, S. A., Beaver, R. A., & Cognato, A. I. (2007) Cladistic review of generic taxonomic characters in Xyleborina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Systematic Entomology, 32, 568 - 584." type="journal article" year="2007">
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Hulcr
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<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694DFFE8FB22F91FFB1DF4A7" box="[1160,1218,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
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2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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). In addition to the absence of the pronotal tuft of hairs (
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<figureCitation id="4C912A5D694DFFE8FD02F936FD32F55F" box="[680,749,1786,1812]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,517,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[156,1431,517,1922]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff, female: a, dorsal habitus; b, head; c, pronotum; d, elytral declivity." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182159/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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a),
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<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694DFFE8FCB2F937FC51F55F" box="[792,910,1787,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">
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<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694DFFE8FCB2F937FC51F55F" box="[792,910,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">X. atratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694DFFE8FB73F937FA98F55F" box="[1241,1351,1787,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
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<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694DFFE8FB73F937FA98F55F" box="[1241,1351,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">A. dispar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the absence of serrations on the anterior margin of the pronotum (
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<figureCitation id="4C912A5D694DFFE8FCC3F8EEFC68F577" box="[873,951,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,517,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[156,1431,517,1922]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff, female: a, dorsal habitus; b, head; c, pronotum; d, elytral declivity." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182159/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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b, 1c), the more impressed, weakly bisulcate elytral declivity (
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<figureCitation id="4C912A5D694DFFE8FE3CF886FE06F52F" box="[406,473,1866,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,517,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[156,1431,517,1922]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff, female: a, dorsal habitus; b, head; c, pronotum; d, elytral declivity." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182159/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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d), longer interstrial setae on the declivity (
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<figureCitation id="4C912A5D694DFFE8FC7FF886FBC9F52F" box="[981,1046,1866,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,517,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[156,1431,517,1922]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff, female: a, dorsal habitus; b, head; c, pronotum; d, elytral declivity." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182159/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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a) and the slightly smaller size.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9CB06553694DFFE9FF6CF8BEFB5FF381" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D41536D8694DFFE9FF6CF8BEFB5FF381" blockId="0.[151,1436,1626,2012]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,152,458]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694DFFE8FF6CF8BEFE99F5C7" bold="true" box="[198,326,1906,1932]" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Female. Length 3.0 mm, 2.6x longer than wide; black in maturity. Frons reticulate (
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<figureCitation id="4C912A5D694DFFE8FA9FF8BEFAA6F5C7" box="[1333,1401,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,517,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[156,1431,517,1922]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff, female: a, dorsal habitus; b, head; c, pronotum; d, elytral declivity." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182159/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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b), with large dense punctures, particularly on sides. Pronotum
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<quantity id="13529B3D694DFFE8FCC7F856FC15F5FF" box="[877,970,1946,1972]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
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long, 1.1x longer than wide (
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<figureCitation id="4C912A5D694DFFE8FA9FF856FAA4F5FF" box="[1333,1403,1946,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,517,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[156,1431,517,1922]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff, female: a, dorsal habitus; b, head; c, pronotum; d, elytral declivity." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182159/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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a); anterior margin rounded and unarmed (
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<figureCitation id="4C912A5D694DFFE8FDCBF80EFD7CF597" box="[609,675,1986,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,517,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[156,1431,517,1922]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff, female: a, dorsal habitus; b, head; c, pronotum; d, elytral declivity." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182159/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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c); summit near middle (
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<figureCitation id="4C912A5D694DFFE8FC6CF80EFBD7F597" box="[966,1032,1986,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,517,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[156,1431,517,1922]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff, female: a, dorsal habitus; b, head; c, pronotum; d, elytral declivity." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182159/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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a), sides arcuate; disc faintly reticulate, sparsely, shallowly punctured; punctures on disc moderately large, close, spaced by diameter of punctures, not deeply impressed, without setae. Elytra
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<quantity id="13529B3D694CFFE9FD4FFF0CFC9FF291" box="[741,832,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
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long, 1.5x longer than wide; uniseriately punctatesetose, length of setae equal to width of interstriae, longer posteriorly (
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<figureCitation id="4C912A5D694CFFE9FC7AFF24FBCCF349" box="[976,1043,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,517,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[156,1431,517,1922]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff, female: a, dorsal habitus; b, head; c, pronotum; d, elytral declivity." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182159/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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a); punctures becoming granulate posteriorly and gradually increasing in size. Declivity short, steep, occupying less than posterior 20% of elytra; declivity shallowly bisulcate with interstriae 1 and 3 equal in height, interstria 2 impressed (
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<figureCitation id="4C912A5D694CFFE9FA9FFEF4FAA6F319" box="[1333,1401,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,517,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[156,1431,517,1922]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff, female: a, dorsal habitus; b, head; c, pronotum; d, elytral declivity." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182159/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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d); uniseriate granules on all interstriae abundant, small, uniform in size; strial punctures larger than pronotal ones, spaced by 0.5x their diameter; interstriae
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<date id="A0141018694CFFE9FD72FE44FD29F3E9" box="[728,758,392,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">2x</date>
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wider than striae (
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<bibRefCitation id="B03B4B29694CFFE9FC77FE44FB03F3E9" author="Atkinson" box="[989,1244,392,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Atkinson, T. H., Rabaglia, R. J,. & Bright, D. E. (1990) Newly detected exotic species of Xyleborus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) with a revised key to species in eastern North America. The Canadian Entomologist, 122, 93 - 104." type="journal article" year="1990">
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Atkinson
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<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694CFFE9FBFFFE44FB54F3EA" box="[1109,1163,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
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. 1990
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="B03B4B29694CFFE9FB41FE44FF08F381" author="Rabaglia" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Rabaglia, R. J., Dole, S. A., & Cognato, A. I. (2006) Review of American Xyleborina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) occurring north of Mexico, with an illustrated key. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99, 1034 - 1056." type="journal article" year="2006">
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Rabaglia
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<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694CFFE9FAF4FE44FA4AF3EA" box="[1374,1429,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
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. 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<collectingCountry id="ACBD7648694CFFE9FF40FE7CFEF9F381" box="[234,294,432,458]" name="Malta" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Male</collectingCountry>
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. Not found in Europe but described and illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="B03B4B29694CFFE9FC0EFE7CFBA3F381" author="Murayama" box="[932,1148,432,458]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Murayama, J. J. (1933) Etude sur les organes genitaux du male du genre Xyleborus. Journal of Chosen Natural History Society, 15, 21 - 35." type="journal article" year="1933">Murayama (1933)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="80D56650694CFFE9FF3DF851FACBF5FF" box="[151,1300,1949,1973]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182159/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[156,1430,517,1918]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="D41536D8694CFFE9FF3DF851FACBF5FF" blockId="1.[151,1300,1949,1973]" box="[151,1300,1949,1973]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694CFFE9FF3DF851FEC6F5FE" bold="true" box="[151,281,1949,1973]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694CFFE9FE8AF851FD9EF5FF" authority="Eichhoff" authorityName="Eichhoff" box="[288,577,1949,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">
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<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694CFFE9FE8AF851FE01F5FF" box="[288,478,1949,1972]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Xyleborus atratus</emphasis>
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Eichhoff
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</taxonomicName>
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, female: a, dorsal habitus; b, head; c, pronotum; d, elytral declivity.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="9CB06553694FFFEAFF6CFF5BFA55F0D9" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="D41536D8694FFFEAFF6CFF5BFD43F3E9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFF6CFF5BFEB8F2FA" bold="true" box="[198,359,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|
The species is widespread in Asia (
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ACBD7648694FFFEAFCAEFF54FC8FF2F9" box="[772,848,152,178]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ACBD7648694FFFEAFCF1FF54FC7EF2F9" box="[859,929,152,178]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ACBD7648694FFFEAFC06FF54FBDAF2F9" box="[940,1029,152,178]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ACBD7648694FFFEAFBBAFF54FBB4F2F9" box="[1040,1131,152,178]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Malaya</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ACBD7648694FFFEAFBDCFF54FB03F2F9" box="[1142,1244,152,178]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ACBD7648694FFFEAFB4DFF54FAEFF2F9" box="[1255,1328,152,178]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">China</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ACBD7648694FFFEAFA91FF54FA4FF2F9" box="[1339,1424,152,178]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
|
). It was introduced before 1990 to North
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ACBD7648694FFFEAFDCEFF0CFD16F291" box="[612,713,192,218]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">America</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B03B4B29694FFFEAFD72FF0CFC13F291" author="Atkinson" box="[728,972,192,218]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Atkinson, T. H., Rabaglia, R. J,. & Bright, D. E. (1990) Newly detected exotic species of Xyleborus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) with a revised key to species in eastern North America. The Canadian Entomologist, 122, 93 - 104." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
|
Atkinson
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFCE6FF0CFCA0F292" box="[844,895,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 1990
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), where it now occurs in Alabama, Delaware, Florida,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ACBD7648694FFFEAFEFEFF24FE6AF349" box="[340,437,232,258]" name="Georgia" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
|
, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and West Virginia (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B03B4B29694FFFEAFC80FEDCFBF8F361" author="Wood" box="[810,1063,272,298]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Wood, S. L., & Bright D. E. (1992) A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index, volumes A and B. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 13, 1553 pp." type="book" year="1992">Wood & Bright 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B03B4B29694FFFEAFB99FEDCFAFCF361" author="Rabaglia" box="[1075,1315,272,298]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Rabaglia, R. J., Dole, S. A., & Cognato, A. I. (2006) Review of American Xyleborina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) occurring north of Mexico, with an illustrated key. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99, 1034 - 1056." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
|
Rabaglia
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFB08FEDCFB0AF362" box="[1186,1237,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2006
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The species was listed also from the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ACBD7648694FFFEAFE4CFEF4FD63F319" box="[486,700,312,338]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Philippine Islands</collectingCountry>
|
|
, New
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ACBD7648694FFFEAFCAFFEF4FC85F319" box="[773,858,312,338]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="ACBD7648694FFFEAFC3BFEF4FBDCF319" box="[913,1027,312,338]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
|
(Borneo, Java, Sumatra) by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B03B4B29694FFFEAFAFBFEF4FECDF331" author="Nobuchi" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Nobuchi, A. (1967) Formosan Scolytoidea (Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station, 207, 11 - 30." type="journal article" year="1967">Nobuchi (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, and although
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B03B4B29694FFFEAFE16FEACFD1AF331" author="Wood" box="[444,709,352,378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Wood, S. L., & Bright D. E. (1992) A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index, volumes A and B. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 13, 1553 pp." type="book" year="1992">Wood & Bright (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
include these countries in the distribution of the species, there are no actual records of it from any of them.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D41536D8694FFFEAFF6CFE63FA55F0D9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFF6CFE63FECCF382" bold="true" box="[198,275,431,457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFEB6FE7CFE31F382" box="[284,494,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFEB6FE7CFE31F382" box="[284,494,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Xyleborus atratus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is extremely polyphagous on broadleaved trees, although it has been occasionally reported also on pine. The main host trees, arranged in alphabetical order of family, include
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFABAFE14FF3BF051" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFABAFE14FA98F3BA" box="[1296,1351,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Acer</emphasis>
|
|
(Aceraceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFF58FDCCFE06F051" box="[242,473,512,538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Aralia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFF58FDCCFEE2F052" box="[242,317,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Aralia</emphasis>
|
|
(Araliaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFE4DFDCCFDF5F052" box="[487,554,512,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFE4DFDCCFDF5F052" box="[487,554,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Alnus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFD91FDCCFD58F052" box="[571,647,512,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFD91FDCCFD58F052" box="[571,647,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Betula</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFD32FDCCFC7AF051" box="[664,933,512,538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFD32FDCCFCDAF052" box="[664,773,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Carpinus</emphasis>
|
|
(Betulaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFC19FDCCFB18F051" box="[947,1223,512,538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFC19FDCCFBF5F052" box="[947,1066,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Diospyros</emphasis>
|
|
(Ebenaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFB7EFDCCFA43F052" box="[1236,1436,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFB7EFDCCFA48F052" authority="Albizzia" authorityName="Albizzia" box="[1236,1431,512,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia, Albizzia</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFF3DFDE4FE55F009" box="[151,394,552,578]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Ormosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFF3DFDE4FF21F00A" box="[151,254,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Ormosia</emphasis>
|
|
(Fabaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFE3DFDE4FE26F00A" box="[407,505,552,577]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFE3DFDE4FE26F00A" box="[407,505,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Quercus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFDA3FDE4FD8DF00A" box="[521,594,552,577]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFDA3FDE4FD8DF00A" box="[521,594,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fagus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFDC9FDE4FD2DF00A" box="[611,754,552,577]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFDC9FDE4FD2DF00A" box="[611,754,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Castanopsis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFCA8FDE4FBC4F009" box="[770,1051,552,578]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFCA8FDE4FC4FF00A" box="[770,912,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
|
|
(Fagaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFB83FDE4FB18F00A" box="[1065,1223,552,577]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamonum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFB83FDE4FB18F00A" box="[1065,1223,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Cinnamonum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFB7DFDE4FAC0F00A" box="[1239,1311,552,577]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Litsea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFB7DFDE4FAC0F00A" box="[1239,1311,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Litsea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFA85FDE4FEF9F021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Machilus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFA85FDE4FA42F00A" box="[1327,1437,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Machilus</emphasis>
|
|
(Lauraceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFE9EFD9CFDCBF021" box="[308,532,592,618]" class="Aves" family="Sulidae" genus="Morus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFE9EFD9CFE5EF022" box="[308,385,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Morus</emphasis>
|
|
(Moraceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFD88FD9CFDA2F022" box="[546,637,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFD88FD9CFDA6F022" box="[546,633,592,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Prunus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFD2DFD9CFC80F021" box="[647,863,592,618]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Malus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFD2DFD9CFD0FF022" box="[647,720,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Malus</emphasis>
|
|
(Rosaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFCC7FD9CFB93F021" box="[877,1100,592,618]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Evodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFCC7FD9CFC1FF022" box="[877,960,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Evodia</emphasis>
|
|
(Rutaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFBF0FD9CFA90F021" box="[1114,1359,592,618]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Styracaceae" genus="Styrax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFBF0FD9CFB7CF022" box="[1114,1187,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Styrax</emphasis>
|
|
(Styracaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFAF7FD9CFE38F0D9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pentaphylacaceae" genus="Ternstroemia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFAF7FD9CFF23F0DA" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Ternstroemia</emphasis>
|
|
(Temstroemiaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFE58FDB4FD82F0DA" box="[498,605,632,657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Camellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFE58FDB4FD82F0DA" box="[498,605,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Camellia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFDC6FDB4FD17F0DA" box="[620,712,632,657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pentaphylacaceae" genus="Cleyera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFDC6FDB4FD17F0DA" box="[620,712,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Cleyera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFD72FDB4FC0EF0D9" box="[728,977,632,658]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Stewartia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFD72FDB4FC98F0DA" box="[728,839,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Stewartia</emphasis>
|
|
(Theaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13AA4D5B694FFFEAFBA0FDB4FB39F0D9" box="[1034,1254,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6DEEACA694FFFEAFBA0FDB4FB89F0DA" box="[1034,1110,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Ulmus</emphasis>
|
|
(Ulmaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B03B4B29694FFFEAFB5FFDB4FAA2F0D9" author="Choo" box="[1269,1405,632,658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Choo, H. Y. (1983) Taxonomic studies on the Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Korea. Ph. D. dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul (Korea), 128 pp." type="book" year="1983">Choo 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |