206 lines
22 KiB
XML
206 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="10BDEB0B9A0FA98110AF0DD85D9AF8AF" ID-CLB-Dataset="33774" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.546.6533" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c8e8d278-1553-41ee-bc27-76f9e8f99bde" ID-PMC="PMC4714351" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-546-153" ID-PubMed="26798310" ID-ZooBank="599417683D164726B31E3D3AB729EDC8" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-546-153" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 546" ModsDocTitle="Description and phylogeny of three new species of Synophis (Colubridae, Dipsadinae) from the tropical Andes in Ecuador and Peru" checkinTime="1451243610907" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Torres-Carvajal, Omar, Echevarria, Lourdes Y., Venegas, Pablo J., German Chavez, & Camper, Jeffrey D." docDate="2015" docId="8C200F544A6CEA75F7DB51F7EC086342" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 546: 153-179" docOrigin="ZooKeys 546" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.546.6533" docTitle="Synophis zamora Torres-Carvajal, Echevarria, Venegas, Chavez & Camper, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="CAC93737-0629-4405-9E30-F1BDA841A39C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="164" masterDocId="1059FFFFFFD3606BFFDDE50DFFBEFF85" masterDocTitle="Description and phylogeny of three new species of Synophis (Colubridae, Dipsadinae) from the tropical Andes in Ecuador and Peru" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="153" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1701373186336" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="972B7F2C211916004A5B4BF57A8A4560" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C000CA2F54A28EA4FA81B3E3FE5DF439">
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<mods:title id="AD1E3D79B541514260110154B1D16CAF">Description and phylogeny of three new species of Synophis (Colubridae, Dipsadinae) from the tropical Andes in Ecuador and Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="59E84E7A11352D3B636FA0A95D1D2AF3">Torres-Carvajal, Omar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5A6851E4CC32190D661E8254AC632938" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="61C645B598CE2B68DD98D9D987D294CF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E8553410FC306D6BADB62597C23BE6DD">Echevarria, Lourdes Y.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5C7E113134FAE1071CC3BCA924443F68" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4C6442AD979D720A4693E461604CCC1C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AA052FADDD3F48D06E6F782974DFF004">Venegas, Pablo J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="EFA52585ECC7D631059ADC52F3F7C7F1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BF41E3EB11CABBE5AF68B525C6704B08">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BA234776DEC4C047EB46A150A946D2A4">German Chavez,</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B53FAE21193C1E15FBD80F04765F34D4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="08623ED87AA418BB1CE254EC273E4C40">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DB39F9D1CECA223DB7224A33EDBB1028">Camper, Jeffrey D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E334A84D90C878593887DA1D1C5E522B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="95B76087808FF75A3B7FB45B28C3B3C7">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="56CB87477257120D11010B8C80F96338">
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<mods:date id="6EEDEC9F2C36AA921A6C13C62E1E50C8">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A41FE3C324ECA514E9F76BC08288C9DF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="65B7EA2C7285FBAEC360A6B97A1A8448">546</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C9D9F0B748BF8608E0EA70D779148E8C">153</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="53937B51131827CB05E85EB530604348">179</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="C52AD333A35885D196117EF2E7093422">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.546.6533</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="890246208C0C167113058D820F8BEF95">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D7453F9CC19B8534B6266DDD51D81CCF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.546.6533</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4BB16052BC7E3C3285A6A3FF633E3EED" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-546-153</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D21C6EAB13EBD36FCD2AE4FC6B39E591" type="ZooBank">599417683D164726B31E3D3AB729EDC8</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="8C200F544A6CEA75F7DB51F7EC086342" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127896627" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CAC93737-0629-4405-9E30-F1BDA841A39C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C200F544A6CEA75F7DB51F7EC086342" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
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<subSubSection id="00F65EAA288CBFBD5885221270C99677" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="2974B87D1D33840D32E669FDDC27B014" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Taxon classification Animalia Squamata Colubridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4697B82C00F842710C163B048844B342" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6AF98D7DFB3B567D675C35C518DDA3F6" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
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<taxonomicName id="8D4A48545165837B40EE803AAD60541A" ID-CoL="897LP" LSID="http://zoobank.org/CAC93737-0629-4405-9E30-F1BDA841A39C" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis zamora" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zamora">Synophis zamora</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="4F16DE2ED90785C2DF04ED33953DC9EE" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="069B01F869BD8D3155E825BA0CB6EA84" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9D448D94BB5B49F8C9FAF6E929C1DDBD" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName id="4A8DF21411241639AF78CCD5450A2B46" LSID="http://zoobank.org/CAC93737-0629-4405-9E30-F1BDA841A39C" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis zamora" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zamora">
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<pageBreakToken id="5EEA83EC337445628C5E7223D5A73C07" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" start="start">Synophis</pageBreakToken>
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zamora
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</taxonomicName>
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Proposed standard English name: Zamoran fishing snakes
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5AA8B4A029CD4393F5FA813386DDA094" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName id="2F505F7D2EBFCE89C9B1C32262C7A468" LSID="http://zoobank.org/CAC93737-0629-4405-9E30-F1BDA841A39C" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis zamora" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zamora">Synophis zamora</taxonomicName>
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Proposed standard Spanish name: Serpientes pescadoras de Zamora
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F93EB0DAC69C367FB32BD1B650122D83" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="C2BAF9DB73463F038C1DDFB89D0B63A3" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E3AD2A9E6E45F2FC8021E52D9BA64CA3" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">
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Ecuador: Provincia Zamora Chinchipe: QCAZ 9174 (Figs 7, 8), adult male from Las
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<normalizedToken id="D859B9472C719AB3CA443EE4D9CF1287" originalValue="Orquídeas">Orquideas</normalizedToken>
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, 4 km from
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<normalizedToken id="51C45FA9060773B3BCE8FE6C5B5D27E0" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
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Nangaritza (
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<geoCoordinate id="105D77CC2FA7850815C9F6205BA6C120" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-4.2632">4°15'47.52"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CB858F03A040FB363A440755913B71D6" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.69109">78°41'27.93"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1843 m), collected on 19 April 2009 by E. E. Tapia, J. Loe Deichmann and A. F.
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<normalizedToken id="F90E360B7B34E9FBBABECA3013B59CB6" originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="035EDF8E6250F7172DC7ECC42F6C249E" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">
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<paragraph id="407C14BF1C7B232BFBFC7693E78DF014" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">
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Figure 7. Holotype (QCAZ 9174, adult male, SVL = 349 mm) of
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<taxonomicName id="C50F4044ACAE9CE84FBC01EEB8068F23" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis zamora" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zamora">Synophis zamora</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Photographs by Omar Torres-Carvajal.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="D20CF63D284B22D41D96BE57757F7411" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">
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<paragraph id="C5CAFA89F59180D38BED7C568B26860B" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">
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Figure 8. Head of holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="E5B2C6D73444D368815153A85BDB6868" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis zamora" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zamora">Synophis zamora</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (QCAZ 9174) in dorsal (top), lateral (middle) and ventral (bottom) views. Photographs by Omar Torres-Carvajal.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2C4D41808FDF523EC5964A7618FEA9F0" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph id="AE865F3C3AFFDB8A28B6CC58EB6BCC2A" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="06B594806758FDB3815A7FA5D712801E" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">
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Ecuador: Provincia Zamora Chinchipe: QCAZ 9175, adult male, same locality data as holotype; QCAZ 12773, adult male from Reserva Numbami, 18 km on road Zamora-Romerillos bajo (
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<geoCoordinate id="D562AB17E98880D5E7E8D0115D529F92" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-4.173511">4°10'24.64"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="814BA54C737B0DE788B042CE6111AFC0" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.95823">78°57'29.63"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1552 m), collected on 09 July 2014 by S. R. Ron, D. A. Paucar, P.J. Venegas, D. Almeida, D.
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<normalizedToken id="FB4F518823FD752C251C0EC73B481BD2" originalValue="Velalcázar">Velalcazar</normalizedToken>
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, M. J. Navarrete, S. Arroyo, N.
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<normalizedToken id="C876F131D4DCDCED1CA1E088AFA32122" originalValue="Páez">Paez</normalizedToken>
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and Z. Lange; QCAZ 13854, adult male from Bombuscaro (
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<geoCoordinate id="DED3304BF668CEB99FF704A72AD65833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-4.111939">4°6'42.98"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A869537FB957B5C67770D9178D818CFF" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.972565">78°58'21.22"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1543 m), Podocarpus National Park, collected on 2 March 2015 by D. Rivadeneira, F. Mora, J. C.
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<normalizedToken id="E17E4B8425B62DDE6FB4EB5515509CAC" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
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, D.
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<normalizedToken id="E67BD1C3E1E40FBB6F5A22D8714B6926" originalValue="Velalcázar">Velalcazar</normalizedToken>
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, D.
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<normalizedToken id="817C4E53CE5131BAE767382E4707EB53" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
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, J. Pinto, K. Cruz and Luis T.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="12A9B05D6B77FA64ACB94B24597DFE9B" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="0C891F308BA0012566323231AC35E9B1" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B2351B99EBB0084A0E304837AB0803D7" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">
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<taxonomicName id="8CCF19758D8F2A8B84CFE49DE5C5C54D" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis zamora" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zamora">Synophis zamora</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from other species of
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<taxonomicName id="EDC141AB1400469CCBC9CE6F9D97CCFC" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Synophis</taxonomicName>
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by having a noncapitate, bilobed hemipenis with a large lateral spine at the base of the hemipenial body (Fig. 9); 19 longitudinal rows of dorsals at midbody; strongly keeled dorsals except for first row, which is weakly keeled (at least posteriorly); and 147-153 ventrals in males. Scutellational characters of all recognized species of
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<taxonomicName id="098A205A931769928B2A272459CC3AC3" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Synophis</taxonomicName>
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are presented in Table 3.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DFFD62B30F186C4E74AEEB0A102E71FD" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">
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<paragraph id="193EF106F7092F3A61CCB46267F8F07B" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">
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Figure 9. Right hemipenis of
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<taxonomicName id="60BDDAFF33EFA2B254BF24CD3651FEE0" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis zamora" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zamora">Synophis zamora</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (QCAZ 9174, holotype). Distal end in sulcal (upper left) and asulcal (upper right) views; body in sulcal (lower left) and asulcal (lower right) views. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photographs by Denisse Galarza.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="131C1D688B02247C56C48C89798AF0F8" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" type="description of the holotype">
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<paragraph id="52AB2071B06386A59FC5D3F9346998F8" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="14DDAF0E4A3258883A755A5AC486C28E" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">Adult male (Figs 7, 8); SVL 349 mm; tail length 185 mm; eye diameter 1.34 mm; pupil round; head width 5.15 mm at level of supralabials 6 and 7; head length 11.05 mm from snout to posterior margin of jaw; width at midbody 5.06 mm; head distinct from neck.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A92B18C31E5ED33AFFF3C49F496FED6E" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">
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<pageBreakToken id="B0D981C77F6DD1AB5C0910FB31882D2C" pageId="9" pageNumber="162" start="start">Prefrontals</pageBreakToken>
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fused in a rectangular scale, wider than long; frontal single, heptagonal, slightly wider than long; parietals large, paired, longer than wide; loreal trapezoidal, two times longer than high; preocular single, bordering anterior margin of orbit; supraocular single, bordering dorsal margin of orbit; temporals 1+2; anterior temporal more than two times longer than high; posterior temporals longer than high, approximately one half the length of anterior temporal; internasals in contact medially, distinctly wider than long; nasals not in contact; rostral visible from above, concave, two times wider than long, in contact with first supralabials, nasals, and internasals; mental triangular, in contact with first pair of infralabials; infralabials 10/10; supralabials 9/9 (fourth, fifth and sixth entering orbit on both sides); anterior genials almost three times longer than wide, bordered laterally by infralabials 1-5; posterior genials three times longer than wide, in contact anteromedially and separated by three gulars posteriorly, and bordered laterally by infralabials 5-6; dorsal scale rows 19-19-17, first row weakly keeled from 15th ventral, other rows strongly keeled; anal single; ventrals 147; subcaudals 103, paired.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D24E143766DC219821541EEC77CD24A8" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="9" pageNumber="162" type="hemipenial morphology">
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<paragraph id="3D49203E19883EB9F4BF90BB1A27FE33" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">Hemipenial morphology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DCE1D02B032E6D1DCD534B6E155CF56A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="9" pageNumber="162">
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The following description is based on the right hemipenis of the holotype (Fig. 9; QCAZ 9174). The fully everted and maximally expanded organ is bilobed, semicalyculate, noncapitate, and extends to the sixth subcaudal. Each lobe is ornamented with small calcified papillae, slightly larger on the asulcate and lateral sides and more scattered on the sulcate side. Some larger lobular papillae meet medially at the lobular crotch on the asulcate side. The sulcus spermaticus bifurcates on the proximal half of the body and its branches extend centrolineally to the tip of each lobe. The hemipenial body is ornamented with medium-sized calcified spines, except on the medial region of the asulcate side, where the spines are small. The spines increase in length towards the base of the
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<pageBreakToken id="54625581B60867BE45551A2F738D47C2" pageId="10" pageNumber="163" start="start">hemipenial</pageBreakToken>
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body, with one spine on the left side (sulcate view) being considerably longer than the others. The base of the hemipenial body bears much smaller and scattered spines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="23F8B3F63B711846B9C33A2A3A4BA0C4" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" type="color in preservative of the holotype">
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<paragraph id="92308F6922A20D09751CD3D8453A5708" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">
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<pageBreakToken id="374DA1CCFA8AA234627CA6C85A560ED6" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" start="start">Color</pageBreakToken>
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in preservative of the holotype
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4770BE0123AE133106146CCF04BA9788" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">(Figs 7, 8). Dorsal surface of head, body and tail uniformly dark grey; skin among dorsal scales cream, visible on anterior half of body; ventrals cream on anterior end of body (ventrals 1-5), becoming progressively pigmented with light grey posteriorly except on their margins; anal plate cream posteriorly and grey anteriorly; subcaudals with cream margins and same tone of grey as posterior ventrals; sides of head same tone of grey as dorsal surface, except for labials, which are mostly cream; chin cream with light grey anterior margin (most of mental and first two pairs of infralabials).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F89684AC2724E93BB7EEB9BC03061899" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" type="variation">
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<paragraph id="A1692FF6FFA37C285E085C6E565CE368" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6DE11B4A01A47A6922C2866F3EE47EB0" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">
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Intraspecific variation in scale counts and measurements in
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<taxonomicName id="C6C5EBFC4F95AD3CE4A43EF9B2F3C0B6" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis zamora" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zamora">Synophis zamora</taxonomicName>
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is presented in Table 3. Keeling on the first row of dorsals starts on ventrals 9, 10, and 105 in paratypes 9175, 13854, and 12773, respectively. No major differences were found between the hemipenis of the holotype and those of paratypes QCAZ 12773 and 13854. Coloration in life (QCAZ 13854; Fig. 5) is the same as that described for the holotype above, except that the cream color has a light yellow tint.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2388ED84D97A51569CD9318BE1C26C4F" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" type="distribution and natural history">
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<paragraph id="4D6B78B31292AD16ED92FD7CBC258E29" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="70DE4143AC179CB29CE5530F51F01E6E" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">
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<taxonomicName id="44ACE9B16F0EE3B57D97A291DA6E039B" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis zamora" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zamora">Synophis zamora</taxonomicName>
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occurs in the southeastern portion of the northern Andes in Cordillera del
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<normalizedToken id="06BE2C3AD2A825D2C6330457E21E16DC" originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
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and the Amazonian slopes of the Andes at elevations between 1543-1843 m (Fig. 6). It is known from localities close to the Bombuscaro and Nangaritza rivers, which are tributaries of the Zamora river. These localities lie in Ecuador within protected areas, such as Podocarpus National Park and Numbami Ecological Reserve, indicating that at least some populations of
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<taxonomicName id="0AA0732929418897272AB1B2DA51F499" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis zamora" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zamora">Synophis zamora</taxonomicName>
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are protected. All specimens were found active at night (20h30-00h00), mostly on the ground or on shrubs 1-1.5 m above ground. One specimen was found on a boulder covered with moss.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="17C10D8C94B63894033863D232B6DA20" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="0A037C9263DCA408A4A0E8ED9BD36953" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AD71DD8D7318FCD85D277901059FC0BA" pageId="11" pageNumber="164">
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The epithet
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<taxonomicName id="2267081668AE03F667FDBC19E6EAB688" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synophis zamora" pageId="11" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zamora">zamora</taxonomicName>
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is a noun in apposition and refers to both the Zamora river and the province of Zamora Chinchipe. All type specimens were collected in this province along the upper basin of Zamora river.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |