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<document id="6C7657F477FDFD0FD59EC117C1718043" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5175793" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5175793" ID-ZooBank="2D70263F-14FF-4872-A5C4-4D0E074841EF" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628327324133" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="McQuate, Grant T. &amp; Liquido, Nicanor J." docDate="2013" docId="03C2A72C32055C40FF1FD0F6AFF4F961" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0289.1-61.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2013 (289)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Solanum incanum L." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFFBDF5432185C5DFFDFD134AC48FF9B" masterDocTitle="Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1699044042521" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="C74C1072D8EBB46F9B74223E5722B968">Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="65A98D93DBF366F8AFF013B8CB58E625">McQuate, Grant T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C3C3A1935F9C3EF94929F080AC442818">Liquido, Nicanor J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:relatedItem id="2FCE53E29110E0FABFAC4BCED2AF33F3" type="host">
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<mods:date id="D34B8026A31448647569367827049275">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C2A72C32055C40FF1FD0F6AFF4F961" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2A72C32055C40FF1FD0F6AFF4F961" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C2A72C32055C40FF1FD0F6AFF4F961" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF1FD0F6AD93FE41" blockId="29.[192,1441,450,1275]" box="[192,475,450,474]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="D09CA15632055C40FF1FD0F6AD93FE41" bold="true" box="[192,475,450,474]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FF1FD0F6AD93FE41" ID-CoL="4Y2TL" authority="L." box="[192,475,450,474]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FF1FD0F6AD93FE41" bold="true" box="[192,475,450,474]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FF1FD0F6ADF4FE41" bold="true" box="[192,444,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum incanum</emphasis>
L.
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF1FD0D6AE65FE61" blockId="29.[192,1441,450,1275]" box="[192,557,482,506]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">GRIN Nomen number: 101488</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37145B132055C40FF2FD336AFF4F961" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF2FD336ADACFD81" blockId="29.[192,1441,450,1275]" box="[240,484,514,538]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FF2FD336AD1FFD81" bold="true" box="[240,343,514,538]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Family:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FE82D336ADACFD81" box="[349,484,514,538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF2FD316A96BFDA1" blockId="29.[192,1441,450,1275]" box="[240,1315,546,570]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FF2FD316AD83FDA1" bold="true" box="[240,459,546,570]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Common Name:</emphasis>
bitter-apple (English), shewk aleqerb (Arabic), thorn-apple (English).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF2FD376AE05FD01" blockId="29.[192,1441,450,1275]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FF2FD376AD1CFDC1" bold="true" box="[240,340,578,602]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Native:</emphasis>
AFRICA -
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FE00D376AEEDFDC1" box="[479,677,578,602]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Northern Africa</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FD6BD377AF49FDC0" box="[692,769,579,603]" name="Egypt" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Egypt</collectingCountry>
;
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FCD1D376A804FDC1" box="[782,1100,578,602]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Northeast Tropical Africa</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FB83D376A882FDC1" box="[1116,1226,578,602]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FB09D376A975FDC1" box="[1238,1341,578,602]" name="Somalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Somalia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FA95D376A9D3FDC1" box="[1354,1435,578,602]" name="Sudan" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Sudan</collectingCountry>
; ASIA-TEMPERATE -
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FE11D356AEE6FDE1" box="[462,686,610,634]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Arabian Peninsula</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FD65D356AF12FDE1" box="[698,858,610,634]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FCBBD357AFF0FDE1" box="[868,952,611,634]" name="Yemen" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Yemen</collectingCountry>
;
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FC1ED357A812FDE1" box="[961,1114,611,634]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Western Asia</emphasis>
: western
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FB0ED357A941FDE1" box="[1233,1289,611,634]" name="Iran" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Iran</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FACCD357A901FDE1" box="[1299,1353,611,634]" name="Iraq" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Iraq</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FA8CD356A9D3FDE1" box="[1363,1435,610,634]" name="Israel" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Israel</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FF1FD3B6AD51FD01" box="[192,281,642,666]" name="Jordan" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Jordan</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FEFAD3B6ADDCFD01" box="[293,404,642,666]" name="Lebanon" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FE40D3B6ADACFD01" box="[415,484,642,666]" name="Syria" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Syria</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FE30D3B6AE01FD01" box="[495,585,642,666]" name="Turkey" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Turkey</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF2FD396AE81FD61" blockId="29.[192,1441,450,1275]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FF2FD396AD96FD21" bold="true" box="[240,478,674,698]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Field Infestation:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA6BCB32055C40FE3CD396AE80FD21" author="Allwood, A. J. &amp; A. Chinajariyawong &amp; R. A. I. Drew &amp; E. L. Hamacek &amp; D. L. Hancock &amp; C. Hengsawad &amp; J. C. Jipanin &amp; M. Jirasurat &amp; C. Kong Krong &amp; S. Kritsaneepaiboon &amp; C. T. S. Leong &amp; S. Vijaysegaran" box="[483,712,674,698]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref29256" refString="Allwood, A. J., A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, E. L. Hamacek, D. L. Hancock, C. Hengsawad, J. C. Jipanin, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, C. T. S. Leong, and S. Vijaysegaran. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7: 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1999">Allwood et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
: From fruit collections in Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FB5CD396A8B8FD21" box="[1155,1264,674,698]" name="Malaysia" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(1986 to 1988) and in East
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FE90D3F6ADF5FD41" box="[335,445,706,730]" name="Malaysia" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49AFD8D832055C40FE14D3F6AE50FD41" box="[459,536,706,730]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Sabah</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FD8ED3F6AEF5FD41" box="[593,701,706,730]" name="Malaysia" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FD21D3F6AF26FD41" box="[766,878,706,730]" name="Thailand" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(1990 to 1994)
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FBF8D3F7A8E7FD41" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1063,1199,706,730]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FBF8D3F7A8E7FD41" box="[1063,1199,706,730]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">B. latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recovered from 41 samples. No infestation rate data given.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF2FD236AFE5FCC1" blockId="29.[192,1441,450,1275]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA6BCB32055C40FF2FD236AD81FC81" author="Clarke, A. R. &amp; A. J. Allwood &amp; A. Chinajariyawong &amp; R. A. I. Drew &amp; C. Hengsawad &amp; M. Jirasurat &amp; C. Kong Krong &amp; S. Kritsaneepaiboon &amp; S. Vijaysegaran" box="[240,457,770,794]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="207 - 220" refId="ref29740" refString="Clarke, A. R., A. J. Allwood, A. Chinajariyawong, R. A. I. Drew, C. Hengsawad, M. Jirasurat, C. Kong Krong, S. Kritsaneepaiboon, and S. Vijaysegaran. 2001. Seasonal abundance and host use patterns of seven Bactrocera Macquart species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 49: 2, 207 - 220." type="journal article" year="2001">Clarke et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
: From 1986 to 1994, a total of
<quantity id="4C93BBDF32055C40FCE5D236AFCBFC81" box="[826,899,770,794]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.6" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="kg" value="3.6">3.6 kg</quantity>
of infested fruits was collected in one region of
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FF00D216AD07FCA1" box="[223,335,802,826]" name="Thailand" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49AFD8D832055C40FE80D216AD90FCA1" box="[351,472,802,826]" country="Thailand" name="Songkhla" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Songkhla</collectingRegion>
). Collected fruits had an infestation rate of 355.6
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FBE6D217A88CFCA1" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1081,1220,802,826]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FBE6D217A88CFCA1" box="[1081,1220,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">B. latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
per kg of infested fruits. Flies identified by either R.A.I. Drew or D.L. Hancock.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF2FD256AEB1FC01" blockId="29.[192,1441,450,1275]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA6BCB32055C40FF2FD256ADC9FCE1" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[240,385,866,890]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 353" refId="ref30170" refString="Hardy, D. E. 1973. The fruit flies (Tephritidae Diptera) of Thailand and bordering countries. Pacific Insects Monograph 31: 1 - 353." type="journal article" year="1973">Hardy 1973</bibRefCitation>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FE53D257AE33FCE1" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[396,635,866,890]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FE53D257AE33FCE1" box="[396,635,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Bactrocera latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reared from
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FC96D256A860FCE1" box="[841,1064,866,890]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FC96D256A860FCE1" box="[841,1064,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum incanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in “
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FB89D256A88DFCE1" box="[1110,1221,866,890]" name="Taiwan" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Formosa</collectingCountry>
” (current country name: Taiwan). No infestation rate data given.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF2FD296A81AFC61" blockId="29.[192,1441,450,1275]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA6BCB32055C40FF2FD296AE4DFC21" author="Mwatawala, M. W. &amp; M. De Meyer &amp; R. H. Makundi &amp; A. P. Maerere" box="[240,517,930,954]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="18 - 27" refId="ref31596" refString="Mwatawala, M. W., M. De Meyer, R. H. Makundi, and A. P. Maerere. 2009. An overview of Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) invasions and their speculated dominancy over native fruit fly species in Tanzania. Journal of Entomology 6: 18 - 27." type="journal article" year="2009">Mwatawala et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
: Mostly after
<date id="FFD530FA32055C40FD74D296AF19FC21" box="[683,849,930,954]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" value="2006-10">October 2006</date>
, a total of 6,020 fruits (
<quantity id="4C93BBDF32055C40FBB6D296A89AFC21" box="[1129,1234,930,954]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.637" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="kg" value="46.37">46.37 kg</quantity>
) was collected in the
<collectingRegion id="49AFD8D832055C40FF33D2F7ADFFFC41" box="[236,439,962,987]" country="Tanzania" name="Morogoro" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Morogoro region</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FE06D2F6AE06FC41" box="[473,590,962,986]" name="Tanzania" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FD88D2F7AF0CFC41" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[599,836,962,986]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FD88D2F7AF0CFC41" box="[599,836,962,986]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Bactrocera latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recovered from 22 out of 128 collections (17%) with an overall average infestation rate of 3.84 emerged adults per kg fruit.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF2FD536A923FBC1" blockId="29.[192,1441,450,1275]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA6BCB32055C40FF2FD536AD93FB81" author="Mziray, H. A. &amp; R. H. Makundi &amp; M. Mwatawala &amp; A. Maerere &amp; M. De Meyer" box="[240,475,1026,1050]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="70 - 76" refId="ref31775" refString="Mziray, H. A., R. H. Makundi, M. Mwatawala, A. Maerere, and M. De Meyer. 2010 b. Host use of Bactrocera latifrons, a new invasive Tephritidae species in Tanzania. Journal of Economic Entomology 103: 1, 70 - 76." type="journal article" year="2010">Mziray et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
: From
<date id="FFD530FA32055C40FDF0D536AEF7FB81" box="[559,703,1026,1050]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" value="2007-03">March 2007</date>
to
<date id="FFD530FA32055C40FD3CD536AF3FFB81" box="[739,887,1026,1050]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" value="2008-03">March 2008</date>
, a total of 3,892 fruits (
<quantity id="4C93BBDF32055C40FB55D536A8BBFB81" box="[1162,1267,1026,1050]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.868" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" unit="kg" value="28.68">28.68 kg</quantity>
) was collected from the
<collectingRegion id="49AFD8D832055C40FEF3D517ADBDFBA1" box="[300,501,1058,1083]" country="Tanzania" name="Morogoro" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Morogoro region</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FDC8D516AEC4FBA1" box="[535,652,1058,1082]" name="Tanzania" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FD4BD517AFC9FBA1" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[660,897,1058,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FD4BD517AFC9FBA1" box="[660,897,1058,1082]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Bactrocera latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recovered in 28 of 166 collections (16.9%) with an overall infestation rate of 5.0
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FD52D577AF5FFBC1" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[653,791,1090,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FD52D577AF5FFBC1" box="[653,791,1090,1114]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">B. latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
per kg of fruit (33.44 flies per kg infested fruits).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF2FD556AE9EFB21" blockId="29.[192,1441,450,1275]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA6BCB32055C40FF2FD556AE00FBE1" author="Ramadan, M. M. &amp; R. H. Messing" box="[240,584,1122,1146]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="115 - 122" refId="ref32036" refString="Ramadan, M. M., and R. H. Messing. 2003. A survey for potential biocontrol agents of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 36: 115 - 122." type="journal article" year="2003">Ramadan and Messing 2003</bibRefCitation>
: From
<date id="FFD530FA32055C40FD44D557AF90FBE1" box="[667,984,1122,1147]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" value="1996-01" valueMax="1996-02-31" valueMin="1996-01-00">January to February 1996</date>
a total of 2.0 kg of fruits was collected from
<collectingRegion id="49AFD8D832055C40FEDED5B6AD7DFB01" box="[257,309,1154,1178]" country="Thailand" name="Yala" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Yala</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49AFD8D832055C40FEB0D5B6AD85FB01" box="[367,461,1154,1178]" country="Thailand" name="Pattani" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Pattani</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37C56AA32055C40FE08D5B6AE02FB01" box="[471,586,1154,1178]" name="Thailand" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, from which 8
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FD25D5B7AFCCFB01" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[762,900,1154,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FD25D5B7AFCCFB01" box="[762,900,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">B. latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adults were recovered, with an overall infestation rate of 4.0
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FE4BD597AE56FB21" baseAuthorityName="Hendel" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[404,542,1186,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FE4BD597AE56FB21" box="[404,542,1186,1210]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">B. latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
per kg of fruit.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF2FD5F6AF0CFB61" blockId="29.[192,1441,450,1275]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FF2FD5F6ADECFB41" bold="true" box="[240,420,1218,1242]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Listing Only:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA6BCB32055C40FE76D5F6AEE8FB41" author="Cheng, C. C. &amp; W. Y. Lee" box="[425,672,1218,1242]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="152 - 160" refId="ref29611" refString="Cheng, C. C., and W. Y. Lee. 1991. Fruit flies in Taiwan, pp. 152 - 160 In: S. Vijaysegaran and A. G. Ibrahim (eds.). Proceedings of the first international symposium of fruit flies in the tropics, 14 - 16 March, 1988, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI); Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 430 p." type="book chapter" year="1991">Cheng and Lee 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA6BCB32055C40FD74D5F7AF02FB41" author="Kapoor, V. C." box="[683,842,1218,1242]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="207 - 251" refId="ref30615" refString="Kapoor, V. C. 1970. Indian Tephritidae with their recorded hosts. Oriental Insects 4: 2, 207 - 251." type="journal article" year="1970">Kapoor 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA6BCB32055C40FC8BD5F6A870FB41" author="Liquido, N. J. &amp; E. J. Harris &amp; L. A. Dekker" box="[852,1080,1218,1242]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="71 - 84" refId="ref30853" refString="Liquido, N. J., E. J. Harris, and L. A. Dekker. 1994. Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations: host plants, natural enemies, distribution, and abundance. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 71 - 84." type="journal article" year="1994">Liquido et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA6BCB32055C40FB9ED5F6A912FB41" author="Meksongsee, B. &amp; A. Liewvanich &amp; M. Jirasurtana" box="[1089,1370,1218,1242]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="14 - 16" refId="ref31465" refString="Meksongsee, B., A. Liewvanich, and M. Jirasurtana. 1991. Fruit flies in Thailand, pp. 83 - 98. In: S. Vijaysegaran and A. G. Ibrahim (eds.). Proceedings of the first international symposium of fruit flies in the tropics, 14 - 16 March, 1988, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI); Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 430 p." type="book chapter" year="1991">Meksongsee et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA6BCB32055C40FABCD5F6AD09FB61" author="Moiz, S. A. &amp; A. S. Kazi &amp; G. M. Baloch" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="98 - 102" refId="ref31552" refString="Moiz, S. A., A. S. Kazi, and G. M. Baloch. 1967. Fruit flies and their host records in Hyderabad region. West Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 5: 98 - 102." type="journal article" year="1967">Moiz et al. 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA6BCB32055C40FE93D5D6AEFCFB61" author="White, I. M. &amp; M. M. Elson-Harris" box="[332,692,1250,1274]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" refId="ref33165" refString="White, I. M., and M. M. Elson-Harris. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance; their identification and bionomics. CAB International; Wallingford, UK. 601 p." type="book" year="1992">White and Elson-Harris 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA6BCB32055C40FD60D5D7AF08FB61" author="Yong, H. S." box="[703,832,1250,1275]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" pagination="933 - 935" refId="ref33258" refString="Yong, H. S. 1993. Allozyme variation in the solanaceous fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae) from peninsular Malaysia. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B. 106: 933 - 935." type="journal article" year="1993">Yong 1993</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF1FD416AF67FAA1" blockId="29.[192,848,1314,1402]" box="[192,815,1314,1338]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FF1FD416ADD3FAA1" box="[192,411,1314,1338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FF1FD416ADD3FAA1" box="[192,411,1314,1338]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
auct., see
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FDC9D416AF67FAA1" authority="Lam." authorityName="Lam." box="[534,815,1314,1338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anguivi">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FDC9D416AEA1FAA1" box="[534,745,1314,1338]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum anguivi</emphasis>
Lam.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF1FD456AF18FAE1" blockId="29.[192,848,1314,1402]" box="[192,848,1378,1402]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FF1FD456ADD4FAE1" box="[192,412,1378,1402]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FF1FD456ADD4FAE1" box="[192,412,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., see
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FE2DD456AF18FAE1" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" box="[498,848,1378,1402]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpum">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FE2DD456AEB7FAE1" box="[498,767,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum lasiocarpum</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF1FD496A837FA21" blockId="29.[192,1151,1442,1530]" box="[192,1151,1442,1466]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FF1FD496AF79FA21" authority="(Thonn.) Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" baseAuthorityName="Thonn." box="[192,817,1442,1466]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="indicum" subSpecies="distichum">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FF1FD496ADD2FA21" box="[192,410,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum indicum</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FE2CD496AE26FA21" box="[499,622,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">distichum</emphasis>
(Thonn.) Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, see
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FCB7D496A837FA21" authority="Lam." authorityName="Lam." box="[872,1151,1442,1466]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anguivi">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FCB7D496A872FA21" box="[872,1082,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum anguivi</emphasis>
Lam.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF1FD4D6AF0EFA61" blockId="29.[192,1151,1442,1530]" box="[192,838,1506,1530]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FF1FD4D6ADBAFA61" authority="Soria" authorityName="Soria" box="[192,498,1506,1530]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intrusum">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FF1FD4D6ADE0FA61" box="[192,424,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum intrusum</emphasis>
Soria
</taxonomicName>
, see
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FDF6D4D6AF0EFA61" authority="Mill." authorityName="Mill." box="[553,838,1506,1530]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scabrum">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FDF6D4D6AF4FFA61" box="[553,775,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum scabrum</emphasis>
Mill.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF1FD716AFF6F9A1" blockId="29.[192,1155,1570,1658]" box="[192,958,1570,1594]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FF1FD716AE79F9A1" authority="Greenm." authorityName="Greenm." box="[192,561,1570,1594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jaliscanum">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FF1FD716ADF6F9A1" box="[192,446,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum jaliscanum</emphasis>
Greenm.
</taxonomicName>
, see
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FDB9D716AFF6F9A1" authority="L." box="[614,958,1570,1594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudocapsicum">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FDB9D716AFE9F9A1" box="[614,929,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum pseudocapsicum</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF1FD756A8CBF9E1" blockId="29.[192,1155,1570,1658]" box="[192,1155,1634,1658]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FF1FD756AF67F9E1" authority="Sengupta" authorityName="Sengupta" box="[192,815,1634,1658]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="khasianum" variety="chatterjeeanum">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FF1FD756ADF7F9E1" box="[192,447,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum khasianum</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FE29D756AEFAF9E1" box="[502,690,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">chatterjeeanum</emphasis>
Sengupta
</taxonomicName>
, see
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FCBBD756A8CBF9E1" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" box="[868,1155,1634,1658]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viarum">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FCBBD756A87CF9E1" box="[868,1076,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum viarum</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF1FD796A849F921" blockId="29.[192,1025,1698,1786]" box="[192,1025,1698,1722]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FF1FD796AE1AF921" authority="C. B. Clarke" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" box="[192,594,1698,1722]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="khasianum">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FF1FD796AD88F921" box="[192,448,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum khasianum</emphasis>
C.B. Clarke
</taxonomicName>
, see
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FD58D796A849F921" authority="Jacq." authorityName="Jacq." box="[647,1025,1698,1722]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aculeatissimum">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FD58D796AFF5F921" box="[647,957,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum aculeatissimum</emphasis>
Jacq.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4163A32055C40FF1FD7D6AFF4F961" blockId="29.[192,1025,1698,1786]" box="[192,956,1762,1786]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FF1FD7D6AE73F961" authority="Brace ex Prain" authorityName="Prain" box="[192,571,1762,1786]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kurzii">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FF1FD7D6AD37F961" box="[192,383,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum kurzii</emphasis>
Brace ex Prain
</taxonomicName>
, see
<taxonomicName id="4C6B6DB932055C40FDAED7D6AFF4F961" authority="Ortega" authorityName="Ortega" box="[625,956,1762,1786]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="B91FCA2832055C40FDAED7D6AF29F961" box="[625,865,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
Ortega
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>