349 lines
49 KiB
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349 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="EF639D348DA2E6089E25E89E2AAF8E91" ID-DOI="10.1206/3894.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5369712" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630263992186" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Emmons, Louise H. & Fabre, Pierre-henri" docDate="2018" docId="039C2E2FFFF2D559FE6EFA0EFE74FE17" docLanguage="en" docName="N3894.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2018 (3894)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3894.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Toromys grandis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFA55657FFD0D57CFFB9FFE4FFE5FFCB" masterDocTitle="A Review of the Pattonomys / Toromys Clade (Rodentia: Echimyidae), with Descriptions of a New Toromys Species and a New Genus" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1699203564564" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="ADFE63CDF988BEF31A43930985AA49CE">A Review of the Pattonomys / Toromys Clade (Rodentia: Echimyidae), with Descriptions of a New Toromys Species and a New Genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="15D20D6D8DC50687EF1A6C70F9FE2F1B">Emmons, Louise H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="076427FF05BFDEBA8A4083EF7B6BEB7D">Fabre, Pierre-henri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A4595FF0D363DADFF8790A5576DCE2FB">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5E3C24AA466338EC3F4D231BA24C882F">
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<mods:date id="AAE2B6955F8A9A7E31CD900A2A2D8E4E">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F6428B21343A999E41CBC66690ED080C">2018-03-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="80966C58D4EE62BBE11A5D6CB81B537D">3894</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="45A8E7472F15CEFA0A3F3EDD628D52DD">http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3894.1</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="40E93222DAB62E47C5264A0C366B9C68" type="DOI">10.1206/3894.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039C2E2FFFF2D559FE6EFA0EFE74FE17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C2E2FFFF2D559FE6EFA0EFE74FE17" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C2E2FFFF2D559FE6EFA0EFE74FE17" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection id="C32FCCB2FFF2D55EFE6EFA0EFCB4F9CF" box="[471,849,1513,1540]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8A9F39FFF2D55EFE6EFA0EFCB4F9CF" blockId="34.[471,849,1513,1540]" box="[471,849,1513,1540]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="D0C22855FFF2D55EFE6EFA0EFCB4F9CF" box="[471,849,1513,1540]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF2D55EFE6EFA0EFCB4F9CF" authority="(Wagner, 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[471,849,1513,1540]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B941432BFFF2D55EFE6EFA0EFD70F9C8" box="[471,661,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Toromys grandis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA4E2C8FFF2D55EFD1DFA0DFCACF9CF" author="Wagner, J. A." box="[676,841,1513,1540]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="145 - 149" refId="ref25956" refString="Wagner, J. A. 1845. Diagnosen einiger neuen Arten von Nagern und Handflugern. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 11: 145 - 149." type="journal article" year="1845">Wagner, 1845</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32FCCB2FFF2D55EFFD5F9CFFD0DF988" box="[108,744,1579,1604]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8A9F39FFF2D55EFFD5F9CFFD0DF988" blockId="34.[108,744,1579,1604]" box="[108,744,1579,1604]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB25B817FFF2D55EFFD5F9CFFD0DF988" box="[108,744,1579,1604]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A94B928FFF2D55EFFD5F9CFFE11F988" author="Wagner, J. A." box="[108,500,1579,1604]" page="146" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1845">
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<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF2D55EFFD5F9CFFE11F988" authority="Wagner, 1845: 146" authorityName="Wagner" authorityPageNumber="146" authorityYear="1845" box="[108,500,1579,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Loncheres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B941432BFFF2D55EFFD5F9CFFECDF988" box="[108,296,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Loncheres grandis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA4E2C8FFF2D55EFE96F9C8FE11F988" author="Wagner, J. A." box="[303,500,1579,1604]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="145 - 149" refId="ref25956" refString="Wagner, J. A. 1845. Diagnosen einiger neuen Arten von Nagern und Handflugern. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 11: 145 - 149." type="journal article" year="1845">Wagner, 1845: 146</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(original description).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32FCCB2FFF2D55FFF25F989FC0AFE8D" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8A9F39FFF2D55EFF25F989FB59F960" blockId="34.[108,1212,1644,1708]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<typeStatus id="548E219BFFF2D55EFF25F989FF30F94C" box="[156,213,1645,1671]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">TYPE</typeStatus>
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SPECIMEN AND
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<materialsCitation id="3B5D9564FFF2D55EFE30F989FB59F960" collectionCode="NMW, JN" collectorName="J. Natterer" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="NMW 920, JN 167" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="548E219BFFF2D55EFE30F989FE27F94C" box="[393,450,1645,1671]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">TYPE</typeStatus>
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LOCALITY:
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<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF2D55EFDFAF989FD25F94D" box="[579,704,1644,1671]" collectionCode="NMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">NMW 920</specimenCode>
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; a skin with missing distal tail and skull without rostrum, sex unknown but probably male; collected by
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<collectorName id="26C0FAEFFFF2D55EFCBFF976FC9DF967" box="[774,888,1682,1708]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">J. Natterer</collectorName>
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(
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<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF2D55EFC3EF975FC3CF967" box="[903,985,1681,1708]" collectionCode="JN" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13401" name="Jinggang Mountain Nature Reserve" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="Herbarium">JN 167</specimenCode>
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) in “Amazonstrom,”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A9F39FFF2D55FFFD5F929FC0AFE8D" blockId="34.[108,493,1741,1766]" lastBlockId="35.[107,1214,225,1745]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<superScript id="7C403271FFF2D55EFFD5F929FF91F910" attach="left" box="[108,116,1741,1755]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">5</superScript>
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DNA sequenced to confirm identity. this locality given by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA4E2C8FFF3D55FFEEAFF05FDFDFF37" author="Pelzeln, A. von" box="[339,536,225,252]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref25083" refString="Pelzeln, A. von. 1883. Brasilische Saugetiere. Resultate von Johann Natterer's Reise in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 33 (Suppl.): 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1883">Pelzeln (1883: 63)</bibRefCitation>
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as “Manaqueri im Mündungsbereich des Rio Solimões,” now Manaquiri (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA4E2C8FFF3D55FFF49FEE3FDF1FEEA" author="Paynter, R. A., Jr. & M. A. J. Traylor" box="[240,532,263,289]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref25043" refString="Paynter, R. A., Jr., and M. A. J. Traylor. 1991. Ornithological gazetteer of Brazil, Cambridge, MA: Museum of Comparative Zoology, (Harvard University)." type="book" year="1991">Paynter and Traylor, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). Pelzeln also noted, from Natterer’s catalogue, that the specimen was received from Estanislao stuffed and unfortunately missing the tail tip.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32FCCB2FFF3D558FF25FEB5FD6CF949" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8A9F39FFF3D55FFF25FEB5FE40FADA" blockId="35.[107,1214,225,1745]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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DIAGNOSIS AND DESCRIPTION: The largest of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF3D55FFD76FEB5FCA2FEA0" box="[719,839,337,363]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Echimyini">Echimyini</taxonomicName>
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(head and body length 275–
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<quantity id="4CCD32DCFFF3D55FFB28FEB5FF7BFE5A" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="254.0">254 mm</quantity>
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; greatest length of skull
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<quantity id="4CCD32DCFFF3D55FFE07FE93FDA5FE5A" box="[446,576,375,401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="68.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="67.0">67–70 mm</quantity>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6B7AA82FFF3D55FFDF4FE93FD42FE5A" box="[589,679,374,401]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="12.[108,182,224,248]" captionText="TABLE 5. External measurements (mm) of Leiuromys, Pattonomys, and Toromys.a" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">tables 5</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6B7AA82FFF3D55FFD0CFE93FD23FE59" box="[693,710,375,402]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="13.[109,175,238,259]" captionText="TABLE 6. Cranial measurements (mm) of Leiuromys, Pattonomys, and Toromys. Tabulated statistics include the sample mean and (in parentheses) the observed range and the sample size." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">6</tableCitation>
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). Dorsal pelage a striking mixture of pitch black and ochraceous yellow-banded aristiform bristles that impart a golden or warm ochraceous-yellow appearance at the midbody (
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<figureCitation id="130E83BCFFF3D55FFDEAFE25FD56FE10" box="[595,691,449,475]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[108,148,1514,1535]" captionTargetBox="[192,1128,224,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-144@25.[192,1128,224,1481]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 14. Living Toromys and Pattonomys. A, Toromys grandis, lower Rio Purus, (fig. 1, locality 31). Note the elongate body, the longer black hair on the proximal tail, and the broad foot with narrow heel. There is a postauricular patch of pale skin. The anterior bright eyeshine spot seems to show an oval, vertical pupil, the other spot is a reflection of the flash (image by Vinicius Carvalho). B, Pattonomys semivillosus in a black mangrove tree (Avicennia germinans) in Parque Nacional Isla de Salamanca, Magdalena, Colombia. The white postauricular tufts above and behind the ear are striking (photograph by Fabrice Schmitt). C, Toromys rhipidurus, captured near Iquitos, Peru. The evident cream-colored postauricular patches are not visible on most museum skins. The camera-flash has accentuated the yellow midbody hues (image by Pamela Sánchez-Vendizú)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369738/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">fig. 14A</figureCitation>
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). Head, crown, and neck black speckled with a few yellow-banded hairs. Underparts gray, with dark gray-based hairs tipped with translucent cream; the inguinal region tends to be cream colored. The dorsal color grades gradually into the ventral color field. Tail robust, generally about the same as head-and-body length, thickly haired at the base above and below with an extension of dorsal pelage onto tail; tail pelage changes abruptly to long, dense, straight, pitch-black hairs that nearly cover scales and are longest near tail base to form a puff on the basal third (
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<figureCitation id="130E83BCFFF3D55FFCAFFD45FC99FD70" box="[790,892,673,699]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[108,148,1514,1535]" captionTargetBox="[192,1128,224,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-144@25.[192,1128,224,1481]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 14. Living Toromys and Pattonomys. A, Toromys grandis, lower Rio Purus, (fig. 1, locality 31). Note the elongate body, the longer black hair on the proximal tail, and the broad foot with narrow heel. There is a postauricular patch of pale skin. The anterior bright eyeshine spot seems to show an oval, vertical pupil, the other spot is a reflection of the flash (image by Vinicius Carvalho). B, Pattonomys semivillosus in a black mangrove tree (Avicennia germinans) in Parque Nacional Isla de Salamanca, Magdalena, Colombia. The white postauricular tufts above and behind the ear are striking (photograph by Fabrice Schmitt). C, Toromys rhipidurus, captured near Iquitos, Peru. The evident cream-colored postauricular patches are not visible on most museum skins. The camera-flash has accentuated the yellow midbody hues (image by Pamela Sánchez-Vendizú)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369738/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">fig. 14A</figureCitation>
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). Rare specimens have the extreme tail tip whitish, but not tufted. Hind feet broad at the base of the toes and narrow at the heel (
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<figureCitation id="130E83BCFFF3D55FFF66FD08FEA7FCCD" box="[223,322,748,774]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[108,148,1514,1535]" captionTargetBox="[192,1128,224,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-144@25.[192,1128,224,1481]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 14. Living Toromys and Pattonomys. A, Toromys grandis, lower Rio Purus, (fig. 1, locality 31). Note the elongate body, the longer black hair on the proximal tail, and the broad foot with narrow heel. There is a postauricular patch of pale skin. The anterior bright eyeshine spot seems to show an oval, vertical pupil, the other spot is a reflection of the flash (image by Vinicius Carvalho). B, Pattonomys semivillosus in a black mangrove tree (Avicennia germinans) in Parque Nacional Isla de Salamanca, Magdalena, Colombia. The white postauricular tufts above and behind the ear are striking (photograph by Fabrice Schmitt). C, Toromys rhipidurus, captured near Iquitos, Peru. The evident cream-colored postauricular patches are not visible on most museum skins. The camera-flash has accentuated the yellow midbody hues (image by Pamela Sánchez-Vendizú)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369738/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">fig. 14A</figureCitation>
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); blackish above, finely speckled with yellow, with black toes; ungual tufts sparse and shorter than the robust claws; palmar surfaces are pinkish, but otherwise as described for
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<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF3D55FFF2DFCD3FECEFC9A" box="[148,299,823,849]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhipidurus">
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<emphasis id="B941432BFFF3D55FFF2DFCD3FF43FC9B" box="[148,166,823,848]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">T</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B941432BFFF3D55FFF0AFCD3FECEFC9A" box="[179,299,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">rhipidurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="130E83BCFFF3D55FFE80FCD3FE69FC99" box="[313,396,823,850]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[108,150,1542,1563]" captionTargetBox="[229,1091,224,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[229,1091,224,1514]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 6. Variation among genera in plantar surfaces of hindfeet, fluid-preserved specimens. A, Toromys rhipidurus AMNH 276710; B, Pattonomys carrikeri USNM 496501; C, Phyllomys pattoni, UFES 121; D, Makalata cf. didelphoides USNM 581981 (Bolivia); E, M. cf. macrura USNM 496480 (Venezuela); F, Echimys chrysurus, USNM 549839 (Rio Xingu). Note small digital pads, especially D3, and collars of small tubercles around pads in (A–C); large digital pads and no collars of tubercles in (D–F); merged D1 and thenar pad in (E–F), leaving three separated digital pads; and differences in digital pad shapes (see text). Abbreviations: D, digital pads; Th, thenar pad; Hy, hypothenar pad. Arrow in A indicates supernumerary separated pad of Pattonomys spp. Figures not to scale. Photo panel C, Yuri Leite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369722/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">fig. 6A</figureCitation>
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). Cranium narrow and elongate in dorsal view, with a narrow rostrum, nasals distally flared laterally and slightly pinched-in medially; medial parietal-interparietal suture recurved anteriorly between the separated temporal ridges (insertions of the posterior temporalis, 33/35 crania), which are raised in older individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E83BCFFF3D55FFCD9FC43FC57FC0A" box="[864,946,935,961]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[108,150,1560,1581]" captionTargetBox="[132,1188,224,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-6@19.[132,1188,224,1533]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 9. Crania, dorsal view. A, Toromys grandis AMNH 93601; B, T. rhipidurus BMNH 28.7.21.89 (holotype); C, T. sp. nov., FMNH 55483 (holotype), D, Leiuromys occasius. AMNH 71897; E, Pattonomys punctatus BMNH 98.12.1.18 (holotype); F, P. flavidus USNM 63218 (holotype); G, P. carrikeri AMNH 130790; H, P. semivillosus USNM 280205. Black arrow in A indicates recurved parietal-interparietal suture, white arrow the expanded squamosal shelf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369728/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
, black arrow), or more rarely, the suture is nearly straight (2/35); squamosal expanded laterally into a broad shelf over the meatus (the insertion of the pars posterior of the temporalis muscle), such that the skull is much wider over the ear than at its narrower point posterior to the tip of the jugal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E83BCFFF3D55FFBDDFBF3FB5CFBFA" box="[1124,1209,1047,1073]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[108,150,1560,1581]" captionTargetBox="[132,1188,224,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-6@19.[132,1188,224,1533]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 9. Crania, dorsal view. A, Toromys grandis AMNH 93601; B, T. rhipidurus BMNH 28.7.21.89 (holotype); C, T. sp. nov., FMNH 55483 (holotype), D, Leiuromys occasius. AMNH 71897; E, Pattonomys punctatus BMNH 98.12.1.18 (holotype); F, P. flavidus USNM 63218 (holotype); G, P. carrikeri AMNH 130790; H, P. semivillosus USNM 280205. Black arrow in A indicates recurved parietal-interparietal suture, white arrow the expanded squamosal shelf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369728/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
, white arrow). In dorsal view, the zygomatic arches generally narrow anteriorly. In lateral view, jugal robust and deep dorsoventrally; and squamosal forms a strong beaded ridge over the auditory meatus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E83BCFFF3D55FFE80FB63FE69FB6A" box="[313,396,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[108,150,1500,1521]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1473]" captionTargetId="figure-7@17.[108,1212,224,1473]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. Crania and mandibles, lateral view. A, Toromys grandis AMNH 93601; B, T. rhipidurus BMNH 28.7.21.89 (holotype); C, T. sp. nov., FMNH 55483 (holotype), D, Leiuromys occasius. AMNH 71897; E, Pattonomys punctatus BMNH 98.12.1.18 (holotype); F, P. flavidus USNM 63218 (holotype); G, P. carrikeri AMNH 130790; H, P. semivillosus USNM 280205. Black arrow in F indicates the deep mandible of P. flavidus relative to its congeners." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369724/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Upper incisors orange faced and extremely robust, with roots within the anterior maxillary base of the zygoma (posterior to a vertical line drawn from the anterior edge of the ascending arch). Many characters were reported in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4E2C8FFF3D55FFCEBFB35FB6FFB27" author="Iack-Ximenes, G. E. & M. De Vivo & A. R. Percequillo" box="[850,1162,1233,1260]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="89 - 112" refId="ref24279" refString="Iack-Ximenes, G. E., M. De Vivo, and A. R. Percequillo. 2005. A new genus for Loncheres grandis Wagner, 1845, with taxonomic comments on other arboreal echimyids (Rodentia, Echimyidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 63 (1): 89 - 112." type="journal article" year="2005">Iack-Ximenes et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but others are first noted here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A9F39FFF3D558FF25FAF8FD6CF949" blockId="35.[107,1214,225,1745]" lastBlockId="36.[108,1212,1603,1742]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
NATURAL HISTORY:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF3D55FFE32FAF9FDACFAFD" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[395,585,1308,1334]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF3D55FFE32FAF9FDACFAFD" box="[395,585,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Toromys grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be restricted to seasonally or permanently flooded forests of
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF3D55FFEF9FAA6FE69FA97" box="[320,396,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">várzea</emphasis>
|
||
(white water) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF3D55FFDD5FAA6FD4FFA97" box="[620,682,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">igapó</emphasis>
|
||
(black water) rivers. The BBC film “Amazon, Land of the Flooded Forest” shows two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF3D55FFD87FA83FD55FA4A" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[574,688,1383,1409]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF3D55FFD87FA83FD55FA4A" box="[574,688,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">T. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using a treehole and traveling with monkeylike agility along branches in flooded forest (but it might have been filmed ex situ). Abreu- Júnior et al. (2017) twice saw
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF3D55FFE77FA56FDA4FA00" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[462,577,1457,1483]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF3D55FFE77FA56FDA4FA00" box="[462,577,1457,1483]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">T. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
jump into the water and swim beneath the surface to escape when approached.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF3D55FFE27FA33FDBEFA3A" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[414,603,1495,1521]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF3D55FFE27FA33FDBEFA3A" box="[414,603,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Toromys grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
descends to terrestrial riverbanks, perhaps for mineral nutrients (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E83BCFFF3D55FFEAFFA18FE93F9DD" box="[278,374,1532,1558]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[108,148,1514,1535]" captionTargetBox="[192,1128,224,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-144@25.[192,1128,224,1481]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 14. Living Toromys and Pattonomys. A, Toromys grandis, lower Rio Purus, (fig. 1, locality 31). Note the elongate body, the longer black hair on the proximal tail, and the broad foot with narrow heel. There is a postauricular patch of pale skin. The anterior bright eyeshine spot seems to show an oval, vertical pupil, the other spot is a reflection of the flash (image by Vinicius Carvalho). B, Pattonomys semivillosus in a black mangrove tree (Avicennia germinans) in Parque Nacional Isla de Salamanca, Magdalena, Colombia. The white postauricular tufts above and behind the ear are striking (photograph by Fabrice Schmitt). C, Toromys rhipidurus, captured near Iquitos, Peru. The evident cream-colored postauricular patches are not visible on most museum skins. The camera-flash has accentuated the yellow midbody hues (image by Pamela Sánchez-Vendizú)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369738/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">fig. 14A</figureCitation>
|
||
), as does
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF3D55FFE5DFA18FD4EF9DD" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1928" box="[484,683,1532,1558]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Echimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF3D55FFE5DFA18FD4EF9DD" box="[484,683,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Echimys saturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4E2C8FFF3D55FFD5FFA18FC48F9DD" author="Blake, J. & D. Mosquera & J. Guerra & D. Romo" box="[742,941,1532,1559]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="141 - 144" refId="ref22865" refString="Blake, J., D. Mosquera, J. Guerra, and D. Romo. 2010. New locality records and the first photographs of living Echimys saturnus (dark tree rat, Echimyidae) from eastern Ecuador. Ecotropica 16: 141 - 144." type="journal article" year="2010">Blake et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A recent image shows
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF3D55FFFD5F9C6FF3BF9F0" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[108,222,1569,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF3D55FFFD5F9C6FF3BF9F0" box="[108,222,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">T. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding on green, unripe fruit of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF3D55FFDD1F9C6FC5CF9F7" box="[616,953,1569,1596]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Gustavia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF3D55FFDD1F9C6FD2AF9F7" box="[616,719,1570,1596]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Gustavia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. (Lecythidaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along the Rio Maués- Mirim about
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD32DCFFF3D55FFEB4F9A3FEBCF9AA" box="[269,345,1607,1633]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="km" value="70.0">70 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Urucurituba (fig. 1: loc. 16; J. Hall, personal commun.), and F. Reid (personal commun.) saw
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF3D55FFE27F989FDF7F94D" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[414,530,1644,1670]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF3D55FFE27F989FDF7F94D" box="[414,530,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">T. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feed on both leaves of a leguminous tree, and fruits. The large body size, robust cranium, and tendency in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF3D55FFD14F976FCEBF960" box="[685,782,1682,1707]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF3D55FFD14F976FCEBF960" box="[685,782,1682,1707]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Toromys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
toward near-laminarity of the upper cheekteeth may be associated with a herbivorous or fibrous diet, as might the lateral expansion of the squamosal attachment of the temporalis muscle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF4D558FCBEF9A0FC9CF996" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[775,889,1603,1629]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF4D558FCBEF9A0FC9CF996" box="[775,889,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">T. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E83BCFFF4D558FC3EF9A7FC3FF996" box="[903,986,1603,1629]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[108,150,1560,1581]" captionTargetBox="[132,1188,224,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-6@19.[132,1188,224,1533]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 9. Crania, dorsal view. A, Toromys grandis AMNH 93601; B, T. rhipidurus BMNH 28.7.21.89 (holotype); C, T. sp. nov., FMNH 55483 (holotype), D, Leiuromys occasius. AMNH 71897; E, Pattonomys punctatus BMNH 98.12.1.18 (holotype); F, P. flavidus USNM 63218 (holotype); G, P. carrikeri AMNH 130790; H, P. semivillosus USNM 280205. Black arrow in A indicates recurved parietal-interparietal suture, white arrow the expanded squamosal shelf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369728/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is similarly expanded in the herbivorous “dactylomyines.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4ACFB1FFF4D558FFD5FA5EFEFBF9E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5369742" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5369742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5369742/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[108,150,1466,1487]" targetBox="[108,1212,224,1440]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A9F39FFF4D558FFD5FA5EFEFBF9E3" blockId="36.[108,1212,1464,1576]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
FIG. 16.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF4D558FF7DFA5DFEFDFA1B" box="[196,280,1465,1488]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF4D558FF7DFA5DFEFDFA1B" box="[196,280,1465,1488]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Toromys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
skins, dorsal and ventral.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF4D558FD9BFA5DFD11FA1B" authority="FMNH" authorityName="FMNH" box="[546,756,1464,1488]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhipidurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF4D558FD9BFA5DFD46FA1B" box="[546,675,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">T. rhipidurus</emphasis>
|
||
FMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
87248 (right), tail cropped during photography and rotated somewhat during preparation;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35E4BAFFF4D558FDD2FA32FCA2FA26" authority="FMNH" authorityName="FMNH" box="[619,839,1493,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Toromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albiventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF4D558FDD2FA32FD16FA26" box="[619,755,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">T. albiventris</emphasis>
|
||
FMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
55483 (holotype; left), this skin is shrunken, the head and body lengths on the skin labels of the two taxa are approximately the same (table 5). Scale bar = 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32FCCB2FFF4D559FF25F96AFE74FE17" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A9F39FFF4D559FF25F96AFE74FE17" blockId="36.[108,1212,1603,1742]" lastBlockId="37.[108,1212,225,476]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5D9564FFF4D558FF25F96AFB9FF963" box="[156,1146,1677,1704]" collectionCode="NMW" country="Brazil" location="Lago Manaquiri" municipality="Amazonas" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCode="NMW 920" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F322DFA9FFF4D558FE17F96AFDF1F963" box="[430,532,1678,1704]" name="Brazil" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF4D558FDA7F96AFD72F963" box="[542,663,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEE0543FFF4D558FDA7F96AFD72F963" box="[542,663,1678,1704]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Amazonas</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EEAC9E2FFF4D558FD1DF96AFC85F963" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C2E2FFFF2D559FE6EFA0EFE74FE17:8EEAC9E2FFF4D558FD1DF96AFC85F963" box="[676,864,1678,1704]" country="Brazil" municipality="Amazonas" name="Lago Manaquiri" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Lago Manaquiri</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF4D558FCD7F96AFC08F963" box="[878,1005,1678,1704]" collectionCode="NMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">NMW 920</specimenCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<typeStatus id="548E219BFFF4D558FC43F969FB8FF963" box="[1018,1130,1677,1704]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5D9564FFF4D559FB3CF96AFD23FF37" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Brazil" county="Villa Bella Imperatriz" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" location="Amazon River" municipality="Santa Clara" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" specimenCode="AMNH 92907, 92909- 92950, 93151-93153, 93594-93624, 93785, 93786" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62EBE7B5FFF4D558FB3CF96AFECDF906" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Villa Bella Imperatriz</collectingCounty>
|
||
(= Parantins),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEE0543FFF4D558FE6CF957FDB9F906" box="[469,604,1715,1741]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Santa Clara</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EEAC9E2FFF4D558FDDEF957FCF5F906" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C2E2FFFF2D559FE6EFA0EFE74FE17:8EEAC9E2FFF4D558FDDEF957FCF5F906" box="[615,784,1715,1741]" country="Brazil" county="Villa Bella Imperatriz" municipality="Santa Clara" name="Amazon River" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Amazon River</location>
|
||
, south bank, (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF4D558FC08F957FBBEF906" box="[945,1115,1715,1741]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">AMNH 92907</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF4D559FBDFF957FF50FF37" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">92909– 92950</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF5D559FF7AFF05FE84FF37" box="[195,353,225,252]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">93151–93153</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF5D559FEC9FF05FDEBFF37" box="[368,526,225,252]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">93594–93624</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF5D559FDA5FF05FD80FF37" box="[540,613,225,252]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">93785</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF5D559FDCAFF05FD5BFF37" box="[627,702,225,252]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="37">93786</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5D9564FFF5D559FD6DFF05FCE9FEE9" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Brazil" location="Amazon River" municipality="Serra do Parintins" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="AMNH 93625-93633, 94020-94036" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEE0543FFF5D559FD6DFF05FC54FF30" box="[724,945,225,251]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Serra do Parintins</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FC06FF06FB89FF30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C2E2FFFF2D559FE6EFA0EFE74FE17:8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FC06FF06FB89FF30" box="[959,1132,225,252]" country="Brazil" municipality="Serra do Parintins" name="Amazon River" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Amazon River</location>
|
||
, south bank (not located); (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF5D559FEE1FEE3FDBCFEE9" box="[344,601,263,290]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">AMNH 93625–93633</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF5D559FDDDFEE3FCE1FEE9" box="[612,772,263,290]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">94020–94036</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5D9564FFF5D559FCAFFEE3FF5AFE8C" accessionNumber="MCZ 32352" collectionCode="MCZ" country="Brazil" location="Boca do Igarape Piaba" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="32353" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<location id="8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FCAFFEE3FBFCFEEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C2E2FFFF2D559FE6EFA0EFE74FE17:8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FCAFFEE3FBFCFEEA" box="[790,1049,263,289]" country="Brazil" name="Boca do Igarape Piaba" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Boca do Igarapé Piaba</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2407FCFFF5D559FB91FEE3FB8CFEEA" box="[1064,1129,263,289]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
32352,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF5D559FFD5FEC8FF52FE8C" box="[108,183,300,327]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">32353</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5D9564FFF5D559FF73FEC8FD64FE8D" box="[202,641,300,327]" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="de Faro" country="Brazil" location="Parana" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F151DBFFF5D559FF73FEC8FEFEFE8D" box="[202,283,300,326]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectorName id="26C0FAEFFFF5D559FE9BFEC8FE99FE8C" box="[290,380,300,327]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">de Faro</collectorName>
|
||
, (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2407FCFFF5D559FE37FEC8FE0DFE8D" box="[398,488,300,326]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
11.12.22.12)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5D9564FFF5D559FD35FEC8FC2FFE8C" box="[652,970,300,327]" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Santarem" country="Brazil" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectorName id="26C0FAEFFFF5D559FD35FEC8FD18FE8D" box="[652,765,300,326]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Santarém</collectorName>
|
||
, (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2407FCFFF5D559FCA9FEC8FC8FFE8D" box="[784,874,300,326]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
5.6.3.1)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5D9564FFF5D559FC6CFEC8FDD6FEA7" collectionCode="FMNH" country="Brazil" location="Ilha Urucurituba" municipality="Rio Amazonas" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FMNH 92198" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEE0543FFF5D559FC6CFEC8FB66FE8D" box="[981,1155,300,326]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Rio Amazonas</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FB37FEC8FEE5FEA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C2E2FFFF2D559FE6EFA0EFE74FE17:8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FB37FEC8FEE5FEA0" country="Brazil" municipality="Rio Amazonas" name="Ilha Urucurituba" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Parana">Ilha Urucurituba</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF5D559FEADFEB6FE21FEA7" box="[276,452,338,364]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">FMNH 92198</specimenCode>
|
||
*, 92199)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5D9564FFF5D559FDFAFEB6FB95FEA7" box="[579,1136,337,364]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Brazil" location="Fazenda Paraiso" municipality="Faro" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="AMNH 37476" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941432BFFF5D559FDFAFEB6FD9FFEA7" box="[579,634,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F151DBFFF5D559FDFAFEB6FD9FFEA7" box="[579,634,338,364]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Pará</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEE0543FFF5D559FD35FEB6FD26FEA7" box="[652,707,338,364]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Faro</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FD6DFEB5FC7EFEA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C2E2FFFF2D559FE6EFA0EFE74FE17:8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FD6DFEB5FC7EFEA0" box="[724,923,337,363]" country="Brazil" municipality="Faro" name="Fazenda Paraiso" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Para">Fazenda Paraiso</location>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF5D559FC0AFEB6FB8DFEA7" box="[947,1128,337,364]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">AMNH 37476</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5D9564FFF5D559FB39FEB6FE9BFE5A" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Brazil" location="Faro" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="AMNH 94037-94043" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<location id="8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FB39FEB6FB52FEA7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C2E2FFFF2D559FE6EFA0EFE74FE17:8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FB39FEB6FB52FEA7" box="[1152,1207,338,364]" country="Brazil" name="Faro" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Para">Faro</location>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF5D559FFCDFE93FE93FE5A" box="[116,374,375,401]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">AMNH 94037–94043</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5D9564FFF5D559FE31FE93FC21FE59" box="[392,964,375,402]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Brazil" location="Rio Xingu" municipality="Villarinho do Monte" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="AMNH 95957" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEE0543FFF5D559FE31FE93FD9DFE59" box="[392,632,375,402]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Villarinho do Monte</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FD3AFE93FD18FE5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C2E2FFFF2D559FE6EFA0EFE74FE17:8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FD3AFE93FD18FE5A" box="[643,765,375,401]" country="Brazil" municipality="Villarinho do Monte" name="Rio Xingu" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Para">Rio Xingu</location>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF5D559FCB6FE93FC59FE59" box="[783,956,375,402]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">AMNH 95957</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5D9564FFF5D559FC77FE9CFC6CFE7C" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Brazil" county="Faro" location="Nhamunda River" municipality="Amazon River" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="AMNH 94193, 94194" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62EBE7B5FFF5D559FC77FE9CFBE1FE59" box="[974,1028,376,402]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Faro</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEE0543FFF5D559FBB6FE93FB5DFE5A" box="[1039,1208,375,401]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Amazon River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, north bank,
|
||
<location id="8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FF46FE78FE29FE7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C2E2FFFF2D559FE6EFA0EFE74FE17:8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FF46FE78FE29FE7D" box="[255,460,412,438]" country="Brazil" county="Faro" municipality="Amazon River" name="Nhamunda River" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Para">Nhamundá River</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FE60FE79FD8DFE7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C2E2FFFF2D559FE6EFA0EFE74FE17:8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FE60FE79FD8DFE7D" box="[473,616,412,439]" country="Brazil" county="Faro" municipality="Amazon River" name="Lago Uaimy" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Para">Lago Uaimy</location>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF5D559FDC5FE79FCCFFE7C" box="[636,810,413,439]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">AMNH 94193</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF5D559FC8FFE79FC64FE7C" box="[822,897,413,439]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">94194</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5D9564FFF5D559FC2CFE78FE69FE17" collectionCode="FMNH" country="Brazil" location="Fazenda Paraiso" municipality="Rio Nhamunda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="FMNH 19497" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEE0543FFF5D559FC2CFE78FBABFE7D" box="[917,1102,412,438]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Rio Nhamundá</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FBE2FE78FF21FE17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C2E2FFFF2D559FE6EFA0EFE74FE17:8EEAC9E2FFF5D559FBE2FE78FF21FE17" country="Brazil" municipality="Rio Nhamunda" name="Fazenda Paraiso" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Para">Fazenda Paraiso</location>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB933742FFF5D559FF60FE26FE61FE17" box="[217,388,450,476]" collectionCode="FMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Museum">FMNH 19497</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |