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<document id="91D9D95B7573B4B9ED004ADA0D25E39F" ID-CLB-Dataset="156944" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5190.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="778903a5-ed35-4f28-a645-a768b11e3cd9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7138093" ID-ZooBank="26F27376-45AB-4F13-ADCB-705CB3EB6E77" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1664791663866" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mound, Laurence A., Tree, Desley J. &amp; Wells, Alice" docDate="2022" docId="039C190EFF82FFB9FF7BF8E6FBB2AD01" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5190.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5190 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thaumatothrips Karny 1922" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="330" masterDocId="FFA56176FF9EFFA4FFECFFCEFFC2AE38" masterDocTitle="Convoluted maxillary stylets among Australian Thysanoptera Phlaeothripinae associated mainly with Casuarinaceae trees" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="329" updateTime="1699385649718" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="10A74253FAC8840A842ECB78465EB476">Convoluted maxillary stylets among Australian Thysanoptera Phlaeothripinae associated mainly with Casuarinaceae trees</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6B9A4F446DE522BB02E2394247E9999B">Mound, Laurence A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0088571839F9C6A5F5AF9015306AE4F0">Australian National Insect Collection CSIRO, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FDC5BA95C37ADA6AABFF9CF6D90C8BA5">Tree, Desley J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="24A2C17639E3EAE5888B77D3B1D85195">c / o Queensland Primary Industries Insect Collection (QDPC), Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Qld, 4001</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="72E8D67C4B188EA96053EC0038C84AF7">Wells, Alice</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="39913D42CE5473EDE303CF74D6266717">Australian National Insect Collection CSIRO, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CE94648AA0D84FB549337AFE077E674D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1C5B556D7836D99973C1520CBCE6BE68">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DA099230B06D63B36716FA20B59ECC6A">2022-09-29</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039C190EFF82FFB9FF7BF8E6FBB2AD01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7140254" ID-GBIF-Taxon="201582082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7140254" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C190EFF82FFB9FF7BF8E6FBB2AD01" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C190EFF82FFB9FF7BF8E6FBB2AD01" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
<subSubSection id="C32FFB93FF82FFB8FF7BF8E6FE71A97B" box="[151,435,1832,1859]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF82FFB8FF7BF8E6FE71A97B" blockId="28.[151,435,1832,1859]" box="[151,435,1832,1859]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
<heading id="D0C21F74FF82FFB8FF7BF8E6FE71A97B" bold="true" box="[151,435,1832,1859]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF82FFB8FF7BF8E6FE71A97B" ID-CoL="646LQ" authority="Karny" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,435,1832,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Thaumatothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF82FFB8FF7BF8E6FE71A97B" bold="true" box="[151,435,1832,1859]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF82FFB8FF7BF8E6FE99A97B" bold="true" box="[151,347,1832,1859]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Thaumatothrips</emphasis>
Karny
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32FFB93FF82FFB8FF7BF8A3FE35A9BD" box="[151,503,1901,1925]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF82FFB8FF7BF8A3FE35A9BD" blockId="28.[151,1121,1901,1925]" box="[151,503,1901,1925]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB258F36FF82FFB8FF7BF8A3FE35A9BD" box="[151,503,1901,1925]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
<treatmentCitation id="0A948E09FF82FFB8FF7BF8A3FE31A9BD" author="Karny, H." box="[151,499,1901,1925]" page="267" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" year="1922">
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF82FFB8FF7BF8A3FE31A9BD" ID-CoL="646LQ" authority="Karny, 1922: 267" authorityName="Karny" authorityPageNumber="267" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,499,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Thaumatothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF82FFB8FF7BF8A3FEFBA9BD" box="[151,313,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Thaumatothrips</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4D5E9FF82FFB8FED3F8A3FE31A9BD" author="Karny, H." box="[319,499,1901,1925]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" pagination="266 - 274" refId="ref23677" refString="Karny, H. (1922) A remarkable new gall-thrips from Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 47, 266 - 274." type="journal article" year="1922">Karny, 1922: 267</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32FFB93FF82FFB8FE10F8A3FBA3A9BD" box="[508,1121,1901,1925]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF82FFB8FE10F8A3FBA3A9BD" blockId="28.[151,1121,1901,1925]" box="[508,1121,1901,1925]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
<typeStatus id="548E16BAFF82FFB8FE10F8A3FDECA9BD" box="[508,558,1901,1925]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF82FFB8FD68F8A3FC08A9BD" ID-CoL="565G7" authority="Karny" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1922" box="[644,970,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Thaumatothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="froggatti">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF82FFB8FD68F8A3FC46A9BD" box="[644,900,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Thaumatothrips froggatti</emphasis>
Karny
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32FFB93FF82FFB9FF7BF87DFB01AFB1" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF82FFB9FF7BF87DFB01AFB1" blockId="28.[151,1436,1971,2034]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,151,825]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
This genus is a member of the
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF82FFB8FE1DF87DFD9AA9F5" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[497,600,1971,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF82FFB8FE1DF87DFD9AA9F5" box="[497,600,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Liothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-lineage of
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF82FFB8FD34F87DFC4AA9F5" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[728,904,1971,1997]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="302" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phlaeothripinae">Phlaeothripinae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4D5E9FF82FFB8FC7AF87DFB68A9F5" author="Mound, L. A. &amp; Marullo, R." box="[918,1194,1971,1997]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" pagination="1 - 488" refId="ref24137" refString="Mound, L. A. &amp; Marullo, R. (1996) The Thrips of Central and South America: An Introduction. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 6, 1 - 488." type="journal article" year="1996">Mound &amp; Marullo 1996</bibRefCitation>
), and the only known species shares most character states with the many species in the worldwide genus
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF82FFB8FB94F819FB1DA9C9" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[1144,1247,2007,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF82FFB8FB94F819FB1DA9C9" box="[1144,1247,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Liothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species of
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF83FFB9FF7BFF59FF3CAE89" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,254,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF83FFB9FF7BFF59FF3CAE89" box="[151,254,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Liothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are leaf-feeders and often induce leaf galls, although some, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF83FFB9FC04FF59FBACAE88" authorityName="Priesner" authorityYear="1935" box="[1000,1134,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piperinus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF83FFB9FC04FF59FBACAE88" box="[1000,1134,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">L. piperinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, invade the galls of various other
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF83FFB9FF36FF75FDF8AEED" authority="(Mound 2020)" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="Mound" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[218,570,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="29" pageNumber="302" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phlaeothripinae">Phlaeothripinae (Mound 2020)</taxonomicName>
, but whether as predators or as phytophagous kleptoparasites is not known. Karny described
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF83FFB9FEB4FF11FE17AEC1" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1922" box="[344,469,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Thaumatothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="froggatti">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF83FFB9FEB4FF11FE17AEC1" box="[344,469,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">T. froggatti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a gall thrips, because it is found breeding in very large numbers in woody galls on certain
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF83FFB9FF00FECDFEA0AF25" box="[236,354,259,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF83FFB9FF00FECDFEA0AF25" box="[236,354,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Casuarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees. However, subsequent studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4D5E9FF83FFB9FCE5FECDFBCCAF25" author="Mound, L. A. &amp; Crespi, B. J." box="[777,1038,259,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" pagination="395 - 406" refId="ref23954" refString="Mound, L. A. &amp; Crespi, B. J. (1992) The complex of phlaeothripine thrips (Insecta, Thysanoptera) in woody stem galls of Casuarina in Australia. Journal of Natural History, 26, 395 - 406. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939200770221" type="journal article" year="1992">Mound &amp; Crespi 1992</bibRefCitation>
) showed that two rather small and insignificant-looking species of
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF83FFB9FDEDFEE9FD63AF79" authorityName="Mound &amp; Crespi" authorityYear="1992" box="[513,673,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Iotatubothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF83FFB9FDEDFEE9FD63AF79" box="[513,673,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Iotatubothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
induce the woody galls (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4D5E9FF83FFB9FC57FEE9FB53AF79" author="Mound, L. A. &amp; Crespi, B. J. &amp; Tucker, A." box="[955,1169,295,321]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" pagination="8 - 16" refId="ref24010" refString="Mound, L. A., Crespi, B. J. &amp; Tucker, A. (1998) Polymorphism and kleptoparasitism in thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from woody galls on Casuarina trees. Australian Journal of Entomology, 37, 8 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1998. tb 01535. x" type="journal article" year="1998">
Mound
<emphasis id="B941740AFF83FFB9FBFAFEE9FB85AF79" box="[1046,1095,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">et al</emphasis>
. 1998
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF83FFB9FB49FEE9FAE0AF79" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1922" box="[1189,1314,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Thaumatothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="froggatti">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF83FFB9FB49FEE9FAE0AF79" box="[1189,1314,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">T. froggatti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is actually a phytophagous kleptoparasite within these woody galls. It is probably related to genera such as
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF83FFB9FB0DFE85FAA9AF5D" authorityName="Crespi, Morris &amp; Mound" authorityYear="2004" box="[1249,1387,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Turmathrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF83FFB9FB0DFE85FAA9AF5D" box="[1249,1387,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Turmathrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF83FFB9FF7BFEA1FECCAFB1" authorityName="Mound" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,270,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Warithrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF83FFB9FF7BFEA1FECCAFB1" box="[151,270,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Warithrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, that comprise gall-invading species on
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF83FFB9FD3EFEA1FCE2AFB1" box="[722,800,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF83FFB9FD3EFEA1FCE2AFB1" box="[722,800,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shrubs and trees (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4D5E9FF83FFB9FC05FEA1FB75AFB1" author="Crespi, B. &amp; Morris, D. C. &amp; Mound, L. A." box="[1001,1207,367,393]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" refId="ref23446" refString="Crespi, B. J, Morris, D. C. &amp; Mound, L. A. (2004) Evolution of Ecological and Behavioural Diversity: Australian Acacia Thrips as Model Organisms. Australian Biological Resources Study &amp; CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, 328 pp." type="book" year="2004">
Crespi
<emphasis id="B941740AFF83FFB9FBD7FEA1FBAFAFB1" box="[1083,1133,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32FFB93FF83FFB9FF2BFE5DFBB2AD01" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF83FFB9FF2BFE5DFBB2AD01" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF83FFB9FF2BFE5DFEFBAF94" box="[199,313,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Robust, macropterous and micropterous
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF83FFB9FCE9FE5DFC77AF95" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[773,949,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="29" pageNumber="302" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phlaeothripinae">Phlaeothripinae</taxonomicName>
with fore femora bearing row of teeth. Head longer than wide in macropterae, scarcely longer than wide in small males; postocular setae long and capitate, but vertex of micropterae with 2 pairs of very long slender setae; mouth cone short, rounded; maxillary stylets retracted to near postocular setae and close together medially. Antennae 8-segmented, relatively short, segment III with one sense cone, IV with 3 sense cones. Pronotum much narrower than prothorax; with 5 pairs of capitate major setae in macropterae, but 6 pairs of very long and slender setae in micropterae; notopleural sutures complete. Prosternal basantra absent; ferna large; mesopresternum reduced to 2 triangles; metathoracic sternopleural sutures long. Fore wings broad, with 12–18 duplicated cilia. Fore tarsal tooth massive (
<figureCitation id="130EB49DFF83FFB9FC79FD41FC2BAC91" box="[917,1001,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–50" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,201,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[177,1411,201,1602]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 40–50. Akthethrips, Enigmathrips, Phallothrips, Thaumatothrips. A. strobus 40-42: (40) head; (41) pronotum; (42) metanotum &amp; pelta. E. carnarvoni 43–46: (43) antenna; (44) head; (45) prosternites; (46) pronotum. (47) T. froggatti head &amp; fore legs. P. houstoni 48–50: (48) microptera; (49) macroptera; (50) macroptera tergites V–VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138119/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
); fore femora swollen with 4 or 5 teeth on inner margin, fore tibial inner margin rugose. Pelta elongate-triangular but eroded and small in micropterae; tergites II–VII each with 2 pairs of sigmoid wing-retaining setae that are straight and long in micropterae; tergal lateral setae capitate in macropterae but very long and slender in micropterae; tergite IX setae about as long as tube; tube shorter than head. Male tergite IX S2 shorter than S1; sternites without pore plates.
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</treatment>
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