516 lines
69 KiB
XML
516 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="CE386B077643458E7573028D8A08EFBC" ID-CLB-Dataset="263342" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67e7a105-1f62-414a-83d9-f758039eb726" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958937" ID-ZooBank="F9834684-24D3-4795-B5EB-77B451DF856D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1684793492880" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin" docDate="2023" docId="0387762362CEFF692DEFB6ACFE46589B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5286.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5286 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parena (Parena) africana" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="139" masterDocId="FFBE0E5B6246FFE32D78B27BFFE75D5A" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina)" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="137" updateTime="1699506634024" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0275EF36BD2669067C32965500DE5132">Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2B4BD24655918A89F7DD3957A6E90172">Shi, Hongliang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="45B034C8B7855A1B74BF4434D7B01EB3">Liang, Hongbin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C42C8E5D0A54DC34EA631BB90DB25A2A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4D8FBC5BEEF993E8D330B6B07BE2C01D">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0387762362CEFF692DEFB6ACFE46589B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963829" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209628961" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7963829" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387762362CEFF692DEFB6ACFE46589B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0387762362CEFF692DEFB6ACFE46589B" lastPageId="138" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE62CEFF6B2DEFB6ACFD3659AA" box="[151,721,1238,1265]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B91C73562CEFF6B2DEFB6ACFD3659AA" blockId="136.[151,1078,1238,1301]" box="[151,721,1238,1265]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2DEFB6ACFD3659AA" bold="true" box="[151,721,1238,1265]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
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[46]
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CEFF6B2DB7B6ACFD3659AA" ID-CoL="4DKNY" authority="(Alluaud, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[207,721,1238,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana" subGenus="Parena">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2DB7B6ACFEC059AB" bold="true" box="[207,295,1239,1265]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Parena</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2C40B6ACFE7759AB" bold="true" box="[312,400,1239,1265]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Parena</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2CDAB6ADFDEE59AA" bold="true" box="[418,521,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">africana</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC462CEFF6B2F60B6ADFD2E59AA" author="Alluaud, C." box="[536,713,1238,1264]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" pagination="85 - 88" refId="ref109310" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Contributions a l'etude des Carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar [Col.] XIV- Sur le genre Crossoglossa Chaudoir et descriptions de duex especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1917, 85 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1917.26042" type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE62CEFF6B2DEFB680FBD1584F" box="[151,1078,1275,1301]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B91C73562CEFF6B2DEFB680FBD1584F" blockId="136.[151,1078,1238,1301]" box="[151,1078,1275,1301]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
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Habitus:
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CEFF6B2D85B680FE65584F" box="[253,386,1275,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 80" captionStartId="134.[151,250,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,182,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-28@134.[151,1436,166,1569]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="FIGURE 80. Habitus of Parena (Parena) plagiata species group. A Holotype of Parena ferruginea (Chaudoir). B P. plagiata Motschulsky, male from The Republic of South Africa (Durban). C Lectotype of Parena africana (Alluaud). D P. africana (Alluaud), male from Senegal, the pale form. E P. africana (Alluaud), male from Cameroon, the dark form. F P. africana (Alluaud), female from the Central Africa Republic, the dark form. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959104/files/figure.png" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Figs 80C–F</figureCitation>
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. Male genitalia:
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CEFF6B2F44B680FD69584F" box="[572,654,1275,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 82" captionStartId="137.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,770,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-323@137.[151,1436,762,1869]" captionTargetPageId="137" captionText="FIGURE 82. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) africana (Alluaud) from different localities and in different elytra pattern forms, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views: A Cameroon, the dark form. B Tanzania, the pale form. C Senegal, the pale form. D Zambia, the pale form. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959110/files/figure.png" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
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. Gonocoxites of ovipositor:
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CEFF6B2EB5B680FBD4584F" box="[973,1075,1275,1301]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Fig. 11X</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE62CEFF6B2DEFB744FC60582C" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B91C73562CEFF6B2DEFB744FC60582C" blockId="136.[151,1310,1343,1398]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC462CEFF6B2DEFB744FEA8580D" author="Alluaud, C." box="[151,335,1343,1367]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" pagination="85 - 88" refId="ref109310" refString="Alluaud, C. (1917) Contributions a l'etude des Carabiques d'Afrique et de Madagascar [Col.] XIV- Sur le genre Crossoglossa Chaudoir et descriptions de duex especes nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1917, 85 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 1917.26042" type="journal article" year="1917">Alluaud, 1917: 87</bibRefCitation>
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(original:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CEFF6B2CC2B744FDA5580D" ID-CoL="8KWFM" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[442,578,1343,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2CC2B744FDA5580D" box="[442,578,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; type locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F33987A562CEFF6B2FA2B744FCA0580D" box="[730,839,1343,1367]" name="Cameroon" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Cameroun</collectingCountry>
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;
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<typeStatus id="5495799762CEFF6B2E29B744FC49580D" box="[849,942,1343,1367]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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in MNHN);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC462CEFF6B2949B744FAFD580D" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[1073,1306,1343,1367]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" pagination="205 - 224" refId="ref109918" refString="Basilewsky, P. (1961) Sur les types de Carabidae africains decrits par V. Motschulsky. Bulletin et Annales Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 97, 205 - 224." type="journal article" year="1961">Basilewsky, 1961: 213</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2DEFB725FEA8582C" bold="true" box="[151,335,1374,1398]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Misidentification</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CEFF6B2C25B725FD7F582C" ID-CoL="4DKPC" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[349,664,1373,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2C25B725FDF9582F" bold="true" box="[349,542,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Parena ferruginea</emphasis>
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(Chaudoir)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC462CEFF6B2FD9B725FC60582C" author="Basilewsky, P." box="[673,903,1374,1398]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" pagination="93 - 137" refId="ref109889" refString="Basilewsky, P. (1955) Carabidae (Coleoptera) de l'Angola. Publicacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 27, 93 - 137." type="journal article" year="1955">Basilewsky, 1955: 129</bibRefCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE62CEFF6B2DEFB7DFFA8B5BE0" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562CEFF6B2DEFB7DFFA8B5BE0" blockId="136.[151,1436,1444,2011]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2DEFB7DFFE5358E4" bold="true" box="[151,436,1444,1470]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Type material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CEFF6B2CB9B7DFFCC358E4" authority="Alluaud" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[449,804,1444,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
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||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2CB9B7DFFCC358E4" bold="true" box="[449,804,1444,1471]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2CB9B7DFFD5858E4" bold="true" box="[449,703,1444,1471]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Crossoglossa africana</emphasis>
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Alluaud
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2E4AB7DFFC4F58E4" bold="true" box="[818,936,1444,1470]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5495799762CEFF6B2E4AB7DFFC4F58E4" box="[818,936,1444,1470]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
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(MNHN,
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CEFF6B2961B7DFFB9A58E4" box="[1049,1149,1444,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 80" captionStartId="134.[151,250,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,182,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-28@134.[151,1436,166,1569]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="FIGURE 80. Habitus of Parena (Parena) plagiata species group. A Holotype of Parena ferruginea (Chaudoir). B P. plagiata Motschulsky, male from The Republic of South Africa (Durban). C Lectotype of Parena africana (Alluaud). D P. africana (Alluaud), male from Senegal, the pale form. E P. africana (Alluaud), male from Cameroon, the dark form. F P. africana (Alluaud), female from the Central Africa Republic, the dark form. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959104/files/figure.png" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Fig. 80C</figureCitation>
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), designated herein: male, body length =
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<quantity id="4CD66AD062CEFF6B2C43B7B3FE7458B9" box="[315,403,1480,1507]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="8.4">8.4 mm</quantity>
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||
, board mounted, "
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||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2F1AB7B3FCE558B8" box="[610,770,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">g.d. Kamerum</emphasis>
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||
/
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||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2E61B7B3FC2758B8" box="[793,960,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Mukonje Farm</emphasis>
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||
", "exTypis" [red letter], "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CEFF6B299AB7B3FAA658B8" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[1250,1345,1480,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
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||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B299AB7B3FAA658B8" box="[1250,1345,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
", "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch. ALLUAUD" [blue label].
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2F89B797FC465B5C" bold="true" box="[753,929,1516,1542]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5495799762CEFF6B2F89B797FC465B5C" box="[753,929,1516,1542]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CEFF6B2ECAB797FBF35B5C" box="[946,1044,1516,1542]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNHN), "
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A562CEFF6B29E5B797FAEE5B5C" box="[1181,1289,1516,1542]" name="Cameroon" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Kamerun</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CEFF6B286AB796FEF95B70" authority="Mukonje Farm" authorityName="Mukonje Farm" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Mungo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mungo Mukonje Farm</taxonomicName>
|
||
", "exTypis" [red letter], "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CEFF6B2F45B46BFD7B5B70" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[573,668,1552,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2F45B46BFD7B5B70" box="[573,668,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
", "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch. ALLUAUD"[blue label].
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CEFF6B2842B46BFA7B5B70" box="[1338,1436,1552,1578]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNHN), "
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2C61B44EFDF75B14" box="[281,528,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CEFF6B2C61B44EFE8F5B14" box="[281,360,1589,1614]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Mungo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mungo</taxonomicName>
|
||
g.d. Kamerum
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
", "exTypis" [red letter], "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CEFF6B2E4AB44FFC765B14" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[818,913,1588,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2E4AB44FFC765B14" box="[818,913,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
", "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch. ALLUAUD" [blue label].
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CEFF6B2C5DB423FE615B28" box="[293,390,1624,1650]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNHN), "Afrique or. Allemande / KILIMANDJARO / VERSANT SUD-EST / ALLUAUD & JEANNEL", "ZONE INFERIEURE / NEU-MOSCHI, 800 M /
|
||
<date id="FF90E1F562CEFF6B2EF6B407FBEC5BCC" box="[910,1035,1660,1686]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" value="1912-04">Avril 1912</date>
|
||
, St.72", "TYPE" [red label], "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch. ALLUAUD" [blue label], "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CEFF6B2F95B4DBFC645BE0" authority="Chaudoir, 1873" box="[749,899,1696,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2F95B4DBFC645BE0" box="[749,899,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Crossoglossa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CEFF6B2EE1B4DBFC1F5BE0" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[921,1016,1696,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2EE1B4DBFC1F5BE0" box="[921,1016,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2976B4DBFB785BE0" box="[1038,1183,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">alluaud n.sp.</emphasis>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B29CDB4DBFABE5BE0" box="[1205,1369,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">alluaud detern</emphasis>
|
||
".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE62CEFF6B2DBFB4BFFB8E5A7C" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562CEFF6B2DBFB4BFFB8E5A7C" blockId="136.[151,1436,1444,2011]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2DBFB4BFFE945B84" bold="true" box="[199,371,1732,1758]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Notes on types</emphasis>
|
||
. The original description mentioned
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CEFF6B2E68B4BFFC5D5B84" box="[784,954,1732,1758]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from "Cameroun" and "Kilimandjaro", but no
|
||
<typeStatus id="5495799762CEFF6B2DC1B493FEFC5A58" box="[185,283,1768,1794]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was fixed. In the collection of MNHN, we found
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CEFF6B2E3BB492FC405A58" box="[835,935,1768,1795]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CEFF6B2EA5B493FB955A58" box="[989,1138,1768,1794]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
|
||
in accord with the original description.
|
||
<location id="8EF191EE62CEFF6B2C59B576FEA15A7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387762362CEFF692DEFB6ACFE46589B:8EF191EE62CEFF6B2C59B576FEA15A7D" box="[289,326,1805,1831]" country="Cameroon" name="We" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">We</location>
|
||
herein designated the male from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A562CEFF6B2FC5B577FCD55A7C" box="[701,818,1804,1830]" name="Cameroon" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5495799762CEFF6B2EF8B577FC005A7C" box="[896,999,1804,1830]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CEFF6B2E8EB577FBBA5A7C" box="[1014,1117,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 80" captionStartId="134.[151,250,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,182,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-28@134.[151,1436,166,1569]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="FIGURE 80. Habitus of Parena (Parena) plagiata species group. A Holotype of Parena ferruginea (Chaudoir). B P. plagiata Motschulsky, male from The Republic of South Africa (Durban). C Lectotype of Parena africana (Alluaud). D P. africana (Alluaud), male from Senegal, the pale form. E P. africana (Alluaud), male from Cameroon, the dark form. F P. africana (Alluaud), female from the Central Africa Republic, the dark form. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959104/files/figure.png" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Fig. 80C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE62CEFF6A2DBFB54BFB905F43" lastPageId="137" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562CEFF6A2DBFB54BFB905F43" blockId="136.[151,1436,1444,2011]" lastBlockId="137.[151,1437,150,753]" lastPageId="137" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2DBFB54BFDF95A10" bold="true" box="[199,542,1840,1866]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Non-type material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CEFF6B2F56B54BFD4C5A10" bold="true" box="[558,683,1840,1866]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Cameroon</emphasis>
|
||
: 1 ex (MNHN), "Negoulgal, Avril, 63; Ngomedzap".
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CEFF6B2868B54BFD8D5A35" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871329" country="Cameroon" location="Meyo" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CEFF6B2868B54BFAB85A10" box="[1296,1375,1840,1866]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 ex (MNHN), "
|
||
<location id="8EF191EE62CEFF6B2C6EB52FFEBA5A34" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387762362CEFF692DEFB6ACFE46589B:8EF191EE62CEFF6B2C6EB52FFEBA5A34" box="[278,349,1876,1902]" country="Cameroon" name="Meyo" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Meyo</location>
|
||
, 17-XII-68" <
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CEFF6B2C86B52FFDB15A35" box="[510,598,1876,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958947/files/figure.png" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
>.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CEFF6B2F0AB52FFBCF5A34" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871548" box="[626,1064,1876,1903]" country="Cameroon" location="Meyo" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">1 ex (MNHN), "Nkolbisson, 10-V-68".</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CEFF6B2957B52FFF015AC8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871443" country="Cameroon" location="Meyo" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">1 ex (MNHN), "Nkolbisson, 16- IV-69"</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CEFF6B2D88B503FD365AC8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871484" box="[240,721,1912,1938]" country="Cameroon" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CEFF6B2D88B503FEA85AC8" box="[240,335,1912,1938]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNHN), "Nkolbisson, 28-V-69".
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CEFF6B2FAEB503FB935AC9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871312" box="[726,1140,1912,1939]" country="Cameroon" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">1 ex (MNHN), "Nkolbitye, 5-IX-63".</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CEFF6B2901B503FF0D5AEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871496" country="Cameroon" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">1 ex (MNHN),"Ahala, 30- IV-69".</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CEFF6B2D89B5E7FD845AEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871563" box="[241,611,1948,1975]" country="Cameroon" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">1 ex (MNHN),"Mfida, 3-VI-70".</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CEFF6B2F12B5E7FB745AEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871555" box="[618,1171,1948,1975]" country="Cameroon" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">1 ex (MNHN), "Dimpan, (Messamena), Mai 64".</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CEFF6B29E3B5E7FE705A80" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871307" country="Cameroon" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">1 ex (MNHN), "Metet, Nyongetsoe, Avril, 68"</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CEFF6A2CD8B5BBFEFD5DEB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871381" collectingDate="1958-10" collectorName="J. Cantaloube" country="Cameroon" lastPageId="137" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CEFF6B2CD8B5BBFE0A5A80" box="[416,493,1984,2010]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 ex (MNHN), "
|
||
<date id="FF90E1F562CEFF6B2FDEB5BBFCFE5A81" box="[678,793,1984,2011]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" value="1958-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D62CEFF6B2FDEB5BBFCFE5A81" box="[678,793,1984,2011]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" value="1958-10">Oct. 1958</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Bois des singes, Douala. Cameroun,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBA2E362CEFF6B29CDB5BAFAA85A80" box="[1205,1359,1984,2011]" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">J. Cantaloube</collectorName>
|
||
" <
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CEFF6A2813B5BBFF205DEB" captionStart="FIGURE 80" captionStartId="134.[151,250,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,182,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-28@134.[151,1436,166,1569]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="FIGURE 80. Habitus of Parena (Parena) plagiata species group. A Holotype of Parena ferruginea (Chaudoir). B P. plagiata Motschulsky, male from The Republic of South Africa (Durban). C Lectotype of Parena africana (Alluaud). D P. africana (Alluaud), male from Senegal, the pale form. E P. africana (Alluaud), male from Cameroon, the dark form. F P. africana (Alluaud), female from the Central Africa Republic, the dark form. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959104/files/figure.png" lastPageId="137" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Figs 80E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CFFF6A2DAAB2ECFEE15DEB" box="[210,262,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 82" captionStartId="137.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,770,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-323@137.[151,1436,762,1869]" captionTargetPageId="137" captionText="FIGURE 82. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) africana (Alluaud) from different localities and in different elytra pattern forms, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views: A Cameroon, the dark form. B Tanzania, the pale form. C Senegal, the pale form. D Zambia, the pale form. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959110/files/figure.png" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">82A</figureCitation>
|
||
>.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CFFF6A2C59B2ECFD5C5DEB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871520" box="[289,699,150,177]" collectingDate="1958-10" collectorName="J. Cantaloube" country="Cameroon" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">1 ex* (MNHN), "Tsana, 23-VII-65".</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CFFF6A2FB9B2ECFB4B5DEB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871584" box="[705,1196,151,177]" collectingDate="1958-10" collectorName="J. Cantaloube" country="Cameroon" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">1 ex* (MNHN), "Tsana, (Nkolkosse), I-70"</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CFFF6A29CEB2ECFD5E5D8E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871566" country="Senegal" location="Nkometou" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CFFF6A29CEB2ECFAFB5DEB" box="[1206,1308,151,177]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
* (MNHN), "
|
||
<location id="8EF191EE62CFFF6A2DE7B2C0FEFE5D8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387762362CEFF692DEFB6ACFE46589B:8EF191EE62CFFF6A2DE7B2C0FEFE5D8F" box="[159,281,187,213]" country="Senegal" name="Nkometou" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Nkometou</location>
|
||
II, 27-VIII-69" <
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CFFF6A2C9EB2C0FDD95D8F" box="[486,574,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,887,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-419@11.[151,1436,885,1532]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Elytral base (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sumatra. B P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. C P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5mm (a for fig. D, b for figs A B E F, c for fig. C). Abbreviations: bp elytral basal pore; sa the apex of scutellum; d1 the first discal setigerous pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958945/files/figure.png" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
>.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2F25B2C1FD5E5D8E" bold="true" box="[605,697,186,212]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Senegal</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CFFF6A2FB2B2C0FCF95D8F" box="[714,798,187,213]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
*,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CFFF6A2E4FB2C0FCE55DA2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871551" collectingDate="1981-03-08" collectorName="B. Sigmalt" country="Nigeria" location="Casamance" municipality="Senegal Djebelor" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CFFF6A2E4FB2C0FC4E5D8F" box="[823,937,187,213]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
* (MNHN), "
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF55D4F62CFFF6A2946B2C0FAEF5D8F" box="[1086,1288,187,213]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Senegal Djebelor</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF191EE62CFFF6A286EB2C0FA7F5D8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387762362CEFF692DEFB6ACFE46589B:8EF191EE62CFFF6A286EB2C0FA7F5D8F" box="[1302,1432,187,213]" country="Nigeria" municipality="Senegal Djebelor" name="Casamance" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Casamance</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90E1F562CFFF6A2DEFB2A4FEED5DA3" box="[151,266,223,249]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" value="1981-03-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D62CFFF6A2DEFB2A4FEED5DA3" box="[151,266,223,249]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" value="1981-03-08">8.III.1981</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBA2E362CFFF6A2C6EB2A4FE685DA3" box="[278,399,223,249]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">B. Sigmalt</collectorName>
|
||
leg." <
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CFFF6A2C9BB2A4FDA85DA3" box="[483,591,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 80" captionStartId="134.[151,250,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,182,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-28@134.[151,1436,166,1569]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="FIGURE 80. Habitus of Parena (Parena) plagiata species group. A Holotype of Parena ferruginea (Chaudoir). B P. plagiata Motschulsky, male from The Republic of South Africa (Durban). C Lectotype of Parena africana (Alluaud). D P. africana (Alluaud), male from Senegal, the pale form. E P. africana (Alluaud), male from Cameroon, the dark form. F P. africana (Alluaud), female from the Central Africa Republic, the dark form. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959104/files/figure.png" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Figs 80D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CFFF6A2F24B2A4FD695DA3" box="[604,654,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 82" captionStartId="137.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,770,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-323@137.[151,1436,762,1869]" captionTargetPageId="137" captionText="FIGURE 82. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) africana (Alluaud) from different localities and in different elytra pattern forms, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views: A Cameroon, the dark form. B Tanzania, the pale form. C Senegal, the pale form. D Zambia, the pale form. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959110/files/figure.png" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">82C</figureCitation>
|
||
>.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2FD1B2A5FCE55DA2" bold="true" box="[681,770,222,248]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Nigeria</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CFFF6A2E6AB2A4FD855C46" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871451" collectingDate="1971-05-10" collectingDateMax="1971-05-30" collectingDateMin="1971-05-10" collectorName="Politzar" country="Nigeria" location="Central Africa Republic" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Kaduna">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CFFF6A2E6AB2A4FC9F5DA3" box="[786,888,223,249]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
* (ZSM), "Nigeria/ Afr.,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D762CFFF6A29F7B2A4FB015DA3" box="[1167,1254,223,249]" country="Nigeria" name="Kaduna" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Kaduna</collectingRegion>
|
||
<date id="FF90E1F562CFFF6A2996B2A4FA735DA3" box="[1262,1428,223,249]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" value="1971-05-10" valueMax="1971-05-30" valueMin="1971-05-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D62CFFF6A2996B2A4FA735DA3" box="[1262,1428,223,249]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" value="1971-05-10" valueMax="1971-05-30" valueMin="1971-05-10">1971, 10-30.V.</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBA2E362CFFF6A2DEFB378FF095C47" box="[151,238,259,285]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Politzar</collectorName>
|
||
leg.".
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2C45B379FD855C46" bold="true" box="[317,610,258,284]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<location id="8EF191EE62CFFF6A2C45B379FD855C46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387762362CEFF692DEFB6ACFE46589B:8EF191EE62CFFF6A2C45B379FD855C46" box="[317,610,258,284]" country="Nigeria" name="Central Africa Republic" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" stateProvince="Kaduna">Central Africa Republic</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CFFF6A2F0CB378FDFF5C3F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871576" collectorName="R. Ellenbercer" country="Gabon" location="Rives de la Lobaye" municipality="Senguela" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CFFF6A2F0CB378FD3F5C47" box="[628,728,259,285]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNHN), "
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF55D4F62CFFF6A2E1BB378FC375C47" box="[867,976,259,285]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Senguela</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, 24-IV.70; R.C.A.,
|
||
<location id="8EF191EE62CFFF6A29C9B378FA725C47" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387762362CEFF692DEFB6ACFE46589B:8EF191EE62CFFF6A29C9B378FA725C47" box="[1201,1429,259,285]" country="Gabon" municipality="Senguela" name="Rives de la Lobaye" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Rives de la Lobaye</location>
|
||
" <
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CFFF6A2DDFB35CFEEE5C1B" box="[167,265,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 80" captionStartId="134.[151,250,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,182,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-28@134.[151,1436,166,1569]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="FIGURE 80. Habitus of Parena (Parena) plagiata species group. A Holotype of Parena ferruginea (Chaudoir). B P. plagiata Motschulsky, male from The Republic of South Africa (Durban). C Lectotype of Parena africana (Alluaud). D P. africana (Alluaud), male from Senegal, the pale form. E P. africana (Alluaud), male from Cameroon, the dark form. F P. africana (Alluaud), female from the Central Africa Republic, the dark form. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959104/files/figure.png" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Fig. 80F</figureCitation>
|
||
>.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2C5CB35DFE925C1A" bold="true" box="[292,373,294,320]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Gabon</emphasis>
|
||
: 5 ex (MNHN), "Ogooue, Lambarene,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBA2E362CFFF6A2E48B35CFC355C1B" box="[816,978,295,321]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">R. Ellenbercer</collectorName>
|
||
1913". 2 ex (MNHN), "Congo, Ogooue, Lambarene, R. Ellenbercer 1910"
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CFFF6A2F5DB330FAA75CD2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871445" collectingDate="2018-02-26" country="Uganda" elevation="1496" latitude="-0.3756" location="Kalinzu Forest" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="30.1152" municipality="Uganda" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Bushenyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2F5DB330FD655C3F" bold="true" box="[549,642,331,357]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Uganda</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CFFF6A2FEBB330FD115C3F" box="[659,758,331,357]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(IZAS), "
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF55D4F62CFFF6A2E10B330FC225C3F" box="[872,965,331,357]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Uganda</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D762CFFF6A2EABB330FB995C3F" box="[979,1150,331,357]" country="Uganda" name="Bushenyi" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Bushenyi distr.</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location id="8EF191EE62CFFF6A29FEB330FAD65C3F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387762362CEFF692DEFB6ACFE46589B:8EF191EE62CFFF6A29FEB330FAD65C3F" box="[1158,1329,331,357]" country="Uganda" latitude="-0.3756" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="30.1152" municipality="Uganda" name="Kalinzu Forest" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" stateProvince="Bushenyi">Kalinzu Forest</location>
|
||
; rain forest;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F262CFFF6A2DBEB315FEC75CD3" box="[198,288,366,393]" degrees="0.3756" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" precision="5" value="-0.3756">-0.3756</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F262CFFF6A2C53B315FE6E5CD3" box="[299,393,366,393]" degrees="30.1152" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" precision="5" value="30.1152">30.1152</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CD66AD062CFFF6A2CEDB314FE095CD3" box="[405,494,367,393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.496" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" unit="m" value="1496.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0003200662CFFF6A2CEDB314FE095CD3" box="[405,494,367,393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.496" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" unit="m" value="1496.0">1496 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
; on vegetation; SHI HL. & LIU Y. leg.;
|
||
<date id="FF90E1F562CFFF6A2EC0B314FBD75CD3" box="[952,1072,367,393]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" value="2018-02-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D62CFFF6A2EC0B314FBD75CD3" box="[952,1072,367,393]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" value="2018-02-26">2018.II.26</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
" <
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CFFF6A2929B314FB515CD3" box="[1105,1206,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Fig. 11X</figureCitation>
|
||
>.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A29ABB315FAA75CD2" bold="true" box="[1235,1344,366,392]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Tanzania</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CFFF6A2828B314FBA55CF7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871351" collectorName="W. Forster" country="Tanzania" county="Tanganyika" elevation="1700" location="Momella" municipality="Mt. Meru" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CFFF6A2828B314FA7B5CD3" box="[1360,1436,367,393]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(ZSM), "
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F0BFB962CFFF6A2D82B3E8FE645CF7" box="[250,387,403,429]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Tanganyika</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF55D4F62CFFF6A2CF7B3E8FE185CF7" box="[399,511,403,429]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Mt. Meru</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF191EE62CFFF6A2F72B3E8FD955CF7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387762362CEFF692DEFB6ACFE46589B:8EF191EE62CFFF6A2F72B3E8FD955CF7" box="[522,626,403,429]" country="Tanzania" county="Tanganyika" municipality="Mt. Meru" name="Momella" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Momella</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD66AD062CFFF6A2F06B3E8FCFF5CF7" box="[638,792,403,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" unit="m" value="1700.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1600.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0003200662CFFF6A2F06B3E8FCFF5CF7" box="[638,792,403,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" unit="m" value="1700.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1600.0">1600-1800 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 12.II.64, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBA2E362CFFF6A2EC5B3E8FBDC5CF7" box="[957,1083,403,429]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">W. Forster</collectorName>
|
||
"
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CFFF6A2935B3E8FD245C8A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871544" collectorName="E. Africa & P. A. Conrada" country="Zambia" location="Zambia" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CFFF6A2935B3E8FB7B5CF7" box="[1101,1180,403,429]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
* (NHML), "
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBA2E362CFFF6A2855B3E8FA7F5CF7" box="[1325,1432,403,429]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">E. Africa</collectorName>
|
||
, Ukerewe Is.,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBA2E362CFFF6A2C55B3CCFE215C8B" box="[301,454,439,465]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">P.A. Conrada</collectorName>
|
||
" <
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CFFF6A2C9DB3CCFDAD5C8B" box="[485,586,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 82" captionStartId="137.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,770,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-323@137.[151,1436,762,1869]" captionTargetPageId="137" captionText="FIGURE 82. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) africana (Alluaud) from different localities and in different elytra pattern forms, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views: A Cameroon, the dark form. B Tanzania, the pale form. C Senegal, the pale form. D Zambia, the pale form. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959110/files/figure.png" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Fig. 82B</figureCitation>
|
||
>.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2F1EB3CDFD245C8A" bold="true" box="[614,707,438,464]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Zambia</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CFFF6A2FAAB3CCFC985CAF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871382" collectingDate="1915-03-19" collectorName="N. W. Rhodesia & H. C. Dollman." country="Zambia" location="Kashitu." pageId="137" pageNumber="138" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CFFF6A2FAAB3CCFCD35C8B" box="[722,820,439,465]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(NHML), "
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBA2E362CFFF6A2ECFB3CCFB8E5C8B" box="[951,1129,439,465]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">N.W. Rhodesia</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EF191EE62CFFF6A290BB3CCFB335C8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387762362CEFF692DEFB6ACFE46589B:8EF191EE62CFFF6A290BB3CCFB335C8B" box="[1139,1236,439,465]" country="Zambia" name="Kashitu." pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Kashitu.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90E1F562CFFF6A2998B3CDFABC5C8B" box="[1248,1371,438,465]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" value="1915-03-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D62CFFF6A2998B3CDFABC5C8B" box="[1248,1371,438,465]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" value="1915-03-19">19.iii.1915</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBA2E362CFFF6A281FB3CCFEE05CAF" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">H.C. Dollman.</collectorName>
|
||
", "Kashitu, 19.III.15, beaten from top of tall "mopani"
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.".
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD6862CFFF6A2EEFB3A0FB845F43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871328" collectingDate="1915-02" collectorName="N. W. Rhodesia & H. C. Dollman." country="Zambia" location="Kashitu." pageId="137" pageNumber="138" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CFFF6A2EEFB3A0FC005CAF" box="[919,999,475,501]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
* (NHML), "
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBA2E362CFFF6A2900B3A0FACC5CAF" box="[1144,1323,475,501]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">N.W. Rhodesia</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EF191EE62CFFF6A284FB3A0FA7E5CAF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0387762362CEFF692DEFB6ACFE46589B:8EF191EE62CFFF6A284FB3A0FA7E5CAF" box="[1335,1433,475,501]" country="Zambia" name="Kashitu." pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Kashitu.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90E1F562CFFF6A2DEFB384FED95F43" box="[151,318,510,537]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" value="1915-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D62CFFF6A2DEFB384FED95F43" box="[151,318,510,537]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" value="1915-02">February 1915</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DBA2E362CFFF6A2C31B384FE125F43" box="[329,501,511,537]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">H.C. Dollman.</collectorName>
|
||
", "Kashitu. 2.15, from umbel flower of tree" <
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CFFF6A2E84B384FB845F43" box="[1020,1123,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 82" captionStartId="137.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,770,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-323@137.[151,1436,762,1869]" captionTargetPageId="137" captionText="FIGURE 82. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) africana (Alluaud) from different localities and in different elytra pattern forms, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views: A Cameroon, the dark form. B Tanzania, the pale form. C Senegal, the pale form. D Zambia, the pale form. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959110/files/figure.png" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Fig. 82D</figureCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
>.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE62CFFF6A2DBFB059FB6C5FAB" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562CFFF6A2DBFB059FB6C5FAB" blockId="137.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2DBFB059FE815F66" bold="true" box="[199,358,546,572]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CFFF6A2C0CB058FE175F67" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[372,496,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2C0CB058FE175F67" box="[372,496,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">P. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be readily distinguished from other African species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CFFF6A29F4B058FB3A5F66" box="[1164,1245,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A29F4B058FB3A5F66" box="[1164,1245,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the combination of elytra mainly black with brown apical margin or entirely brown; antennae distinctly bicolor; tarsi same color as tibiae; postgenae without suborbital setae; pronotum with lateral margins strongly sinuate before posterior angles; elytral sutural angles not pointed. There are two very different color forms in this species. The pale form is externally very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CFFF6A2CC4B0C8FDA85F97" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[444,591,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2CC4B0C8FDA85F97" box="[444,591,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">P. ferruginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the dark form is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CFFF6A2EC7B0C8FBDF5F97" box="[959,1080,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2EC7B0C8FBDF5F97" box="[959,1080,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">P. plagiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CFFF6A2909B0C8FB385F96" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1137,1247,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2909B0C8FB385F96" box="[1137,1247,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">P. scutata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CFFF6A2D83B0ACFE915FAB" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1917" box="[251,374,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Crossoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2D83B0ACFE915FAB" box="[251,374,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">P. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and those three species are provided under each of them, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5197BD62CFFF6A2DEFB51FFBEF5A99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959110" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7959110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959110/files/figure.png" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" startId="137.[151,250,1892,1916]" targetBox="[161,1428,770,1861]" targetPageId="137" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562CFFF6A2DEFB51FFBEF5A99" blockId="137.[151,1437,1892,1988]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2DEFB51FFEFD5A26" bold="true" box="[151,282,1892,1916]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">FIGURE 82</emphasis>
|
||
. Median lobe of male genitalia for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CFFF6A2FF2B51EFC1A5A26" authority="(Alluaud)" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[650,1021,1892,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana" subGenus="Parena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2FF2B51EFD335A26" box="[650,724,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2F9BB51EFCCA5A26" box="[739,813,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2E45B51FFC745A26" box="[829,915,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">africana</emphasis>
|
||
(Alluaud)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from different localities and in different elytra pattern forms, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2E84B5F3FBE95AFA" bold="true" box="[1020,1038,1928,1952]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">A</emphasis>
|
||
Cameroon, the dark form.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A285BB5F3FAD35AFA" bold="true" box="[1315,1332,1928,1952]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">B</emphasis>
|
||
Tanzania, the pale form.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2C53B5D7FEDA5A9E" bold="true" box="[299,317,1964,1988]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">C</emphasis>
|
||
Senegal, the pale form.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CFFF6A2F4CB5D7FDA15A9E" bold="true" box="[564,582,1964,1988]" pageId="137" pageNumber="138">D</emphasis>
|
||
Zambia, the pale form. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE62CCFF692DBFB2EDFC1F5EFF" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562CCFF692DBFB2EDFC1F5EFF" blockId="138.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CCFF692DBFB2EDFEB65DEA" bold="true" box="[199,337,150,176]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD66AD062CCFF692C89B2ECFD6D5DEB" box="[497,650,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" metricValueMax="10.4" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="8.85" valueMax="10.4" valueMin="7.3">7.3–10.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsum reddish brown, moderately polished; elytra color dimorphic: entirely reddish brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CCFF692CDCB2C0FDED5D8F" box="[420,522,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 80" captionStartId="134.[151,250,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,182,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-28@134.[151,1436,166,1569]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="FIGURE 80. Habitus of Parena (Parena) plagiata species group. A Holotype of Parena ferruginea (Chaudoir). B P. plagiata Motschulsky, male from The Republic of South Africa (Durban). C Lectotype of Parena africana (Alluaud). D P. africana (Alluaud), male from Senegal, the pale form. E P. africana (Alluaud), male from Cameroon, the dark form. F P. africana (Alluaud), female from the Central Africa Republic, the dark form. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959104/files/figure.png" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Fig. 80D</figureCitation>
|
||
) or mainly black with narrow red apical margin, red area occupied apical tenth to eighth of elytra, disc without central red patch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CCFF692FD4B2A4FC695DA3" box="[684,910,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 80" captionStartId="134.[151,250,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,182,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-28@134.[151,1436,166,1569]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="FIGURE 80. Habitus of Parena (Parena) plagiata species group. A Holotype of Parena ferruginea (Chaudoir). B P. plagiata Motschulsky, male from The Republic of South Africa (Durban). C Lectotype of Parena africana (Alluaud). D P. africana (Alluaud), male from Senegal, the pale form. E P. africana (Alluaud), male from Cameroon, the dark form. F P. africana (Alluaud), female from the Central Africa Republic, the dark form. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959104/files/figure.png" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Figs 80C, 80E, 80F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennae distinctly bicolor: basal four antennomeres reddish yellow, apical ones nearly black. Scutellum reddish brown; venter reddish brown; legs uniformly reddish brown. Vertex with sparse fine punctures; postgenae without suborbital setae; mentum with a pair of median setae, which are shorter than terminal labial palpomere; antennae extended to pronotal base. Pronotum sub-cordate, PW/PL = 1.32–1.46, subequal width as head, PW/HW = 0.97–1.07; widest at anterior third, lateral margins evenly rounded before middle, strongly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles rounded-obtuse, not prominent; lateral explanations slightly wide; disc finely wrinkled and punctate near median line. Elytra slightly dilated to apex; with isodiametric microsculpture, usually very shallow; striae faintly incised on apical half, with rows of fine punctures; intervals faintly convex, with fine punctures; discal depressions shallow, nearly triangular, occupying intervals 3 to 6, less than one-third of elytra length; elytral apices well rounded, sutural angles not pointed. Males with biseriate adhesive setae on apical half of mesotarsomere 1 and almost full length of mesotarsomeres 2–3. Apex of abdominal sternite VII straight, with two setae on each side in both sexes. Median lobe of aedeagus slenderer than the previous species (AL/AW = 4.5–4.8), ventral margin nearly straight at middle; apical lamella slightly thick, LW slightly greater than LL, apex rounded; in lateral view, apical lamella slightly bent upward. Endophallus with very widely flared basal expansion of primary sclerite; flagellum extending almost to base of apical orifice; apical sclerite widely V-shaped, well-defined, basal core distinct, small and strongly scaled; basal sheath coarsely scaled, apical sheath finely scaled, slightly larger than basal sheath; squamate sac divided, dorsal to squamate sheath; proximal sac large and dorsal-ventrally compressed, distal sac much smaller than proximal sac, closer to apex. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, length subequal to basal width, apex concave, inner apical angle strongly pointed; with two or three ensiform setae on outer apical angle, three on inner apical angle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE62CCFF692DBFB1D5FAF95EB7" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562CCFF692DBFB1D5FAF95EB7" blockId="138.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CCFF692DBFB1D5FEBE5E92" bold="true" box="[199,345,942,968]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CCFF692C10B1D4FE255E93" box="[360,450,943,969]" captionStart="MAP 14" captionStartId="133.[152,211,1312,1336]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-78@133.[151,1436,309,1289]" captionText="MAP 14. Distributions for species in the Parena (Parena) plagiata group" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963707/files/figure.png" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Map 14</figureCitation>
|
||
, blue). Widely distributed in Sub-Saharan African continent. Known from the following counties:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A562CCFF692C7BB1A8FE9C5EB7" box="[259,379,979,1005]" name="Cameroon" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A562CCFF692CFEB1A8FE065EB7" box="[390,481,979,1005]" name="Senegal" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A562CCFF692C95B1A8FDA35EB7" box="[493,580,979,1005]" name="Nigeria" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Central Africa Republic,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A562CCFF692EE9B1A8FC395EB7" box="[913,990,979,1005]" name="Gabon" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A562CCFF692E92B1A8FBA35EB7" box="[1002,1092,979,1005]" name="Uganda" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A562CCFF692936B1A8FB515EB7" box="[1102,1206,979,1005]" name="Tanzania" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A562CCFF6929B9B1A8FAFD5EB7" box="[1217,1306,979,1005]" name="Zambia" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE62CCFF692DBFB18CFE46589B" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562CCFF692DBFB18CFD80599F" blockId="138.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CCFF692DBFB18CFED3594B" bold="true" box="[199,308,1015,1041]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CCFF692C39B18CFE5D594B" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[321,442,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CCFF692C39B18CFE5D594B" box="[321,442,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">P. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most common and widespread
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CCFF692E2FB18CFC18594B" box="[855,1023,1015,1041]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CCFF692E2FB18CFC4F594A" box="[855,936,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the African continent.After studying materials with dark and pale elytra from several localities, we found that these two forms with entirely different elytra colors belong to the same species. Aside from their different elytral color, they are identical in pronotal shape, elytral apices, microsculpture, antennal color, and, most importantly, the male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB062CCFF6929FCB618FB3E5927" box="[1156,1241,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 82" captionStartId="137.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,770,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-323@137.[151,1436,762,1869]" captionTargetPageId="137" captionText="FIGURE 82. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) africana (Alluaud) from different localities and in different elytra pattern forms, right-lateral (r), ventral (v), left-lateral (l), and dorsal (d) views: A Cameroon, the dark form. B Tanzania, the pale form. C Senegal, the pale form. D Zambia, the pale form. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959110/files/figure.png" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
|
||
). We examined a total of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC62CCFF692D96B6FCFE6E59FB" box="[238,393,1159,1185]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" type="generic">37 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, nine of which were of the pale form (marked by an asterisk in the citations of examined materials) and the other 28 of the dark form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C73562CCFF692DBFB6B4FE46589B" blockId="138.[151,1437,150,1473]" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">
|
||
The pale form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CCFF692CFFB6B4FDE759B3" baseAuthorityName="Alluaud" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[391,512,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CCFF692CFFB6B4FDE759B3" box="[391,512,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">P. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be confused with several other species without a distinct elytra color pattern. Within subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CCFF692C24B688FE4A5856" box="[348,429,1267,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CCFF692C24B688FE4A5856" box="[348,429,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ten species have uniform elytral color, which varies from reddish yellow to dark brown. All members of seven of these have monochromatic elytra, but the other three species are pleomorphic, with only a few individuals having the yellowish-brown unicolorous form. These ten species are classified into several different species groups, but their similar external appearances make their identification troublesome. To facilitate the identification of specimens of these species, we provide a key to species in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB662CCFF6929EFB7F8FB0F58C6" box="[1175,1256,1411,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="138" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B2762CCFF6929EFB7F8FB0F58C6" box="[1175,1256,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="139">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with uniformly yellowish brown elytra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |