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<document id="46640F3F4E64E15068B048EEABCCC1F2" ID-CLB-Dataset="31753" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4338.1.13" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d375b8e-b54b-4730-92d6-c10a6edd8eb7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1035699" ID-ZooBank="67DA6535-024F-4A2A-A6F0-6D81C0F1E7EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1508828423700" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="May, Rudolf Von" docDate="2017" docId="038687DFA0077A59FF277D27FB3773A0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4338.1.13.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4338 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phrynopus montium" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="199" masterDocId="FFBFFFA7A0077A5DFFB07C42FFFF7227" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery of the Endangered frog Phrynopus montium (Shreve, 1938) (Amphibia, Anura, Craugastoridae) in the cloud forest of central Peru" masterLastPageNumber="200" masterPageNumber="195" pageNumber="195" updateTime="1698470158800" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="37191819ABB83FD042EE18F38D99AD65">Rediscovery of the Endangered frog Phrynopus montium (Shreve, 1938) (Amphibia, Anura, Craugastoridae) in the cloud forest of central Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2321DE2381F56129D7EFF65B54ADBE8F">May, Rudolf Von</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038687DFA0077A59FF277D27FB3773A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6019840" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135465335" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6019840" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038687DFA0077A59FF277D27FB3773A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687DFA0077A59FF277D27FB3773A0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<subSection id="E2A02F22A0077A5DFF277D27FD697045" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="multiple">
<subSubSection id="C3356542A0077A5DFF277D27FB0A7394" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0077A5DFF277D27FB0A7394" blockId="0.[151,1285,356,435]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFF277D27FB0A7394" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<docTitle id="CE35CFA7A0077A5DFF277D27FB0A7394" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
Rediscovery of the Endangered frog
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFD6D7D26FAFA73A1" authority="(Shreve, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[733,1285,356,390]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFD6D7D26FBE673A2" bold="true" box="[733,1049,356,389]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Phrynopus montium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFB9D7D27FB0373A1" author="Shreve" box="[1069,1276,357,390]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Shreve, B. (1938) A new Liolaemus and two new Syrrhopus from Peru. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 28, 404 - 407." type="journal article" year="1938">Shreve, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(Amphibia,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFEE57DD0FE407394" box="[341,447,402,435]" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Anura</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFE607DD0FD347394" authorityName="Hedges, Duellman &amp; Heinicke" authorityYear="2008" box="[464,715,402,435]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Craugastoridae</taxonomicName>
) in the cloud forest of central
<collectingCountry id="F3387659A0077A5DFB187DD0FB0A7394" box="[1192,1269,402,435]" name="Peru" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Peru</collectingCountry>
</docTitle>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356542A0077A5DFF277DA5FD697045" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0077A5DFF277DA5FE5073D6" blockId="0.[151,1345,483,610]" box="[151,431,483,511]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
RUDOLF VON
<date id="FF911009A0077A5DFEE17DA5FE6973D6" box="[337,406,483,511]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
MAY
<docIssue id="CF4C4926A0077A5DFE207DA1FE6973D6" box="[400,406,483,497]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">1</docIssue>
</date>
,2,3
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0077A5DFF277E48FD697045" blockId="0.[151,1345,483,610]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFF277E48FD697045" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
1 Museum of Zoology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of
<collectingRegion id="49EBF82BA0077A5DFC647E4EFBCD7005" box="[980,1074,524,546]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Michigan</collectingRegion>
, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,
<collectingCountry id="F3387659A0077A5DFAA57E4EFABE7005" box="[1301,1345,524,546]" name="United States of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">USA</collectingCountry>
2Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of
<collectingRegion id="49EBF82BA0077A5DFDE37E6EFD487065" box="[595,695,556,578]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">California</collectingRegion>
at Berkeley, CA 94720,
<collectingCountry id="F3387659A0077A5DFC107E6EFC337065" box="[928,972,556,578]" name="United States of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">USA</collectingCountry>
3Corresponding author E-mail: rvonmay@umich.edu
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
<subSection id="E2A02F22A0077A5DFF277EE6FC4A71C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="abstract">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0077A5DFF277EE6FEFB7099" blockId="0.[151,260,676,702]" box="[151,260,676,702]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<heading id="D0D881A5A0077A5DFF277EE6FEFB7099" bold="true" box="[151,260,676,702]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFF277EE6FEFB7099" bold="true" box="[151,260,676,702]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Abstract</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C3356542A0077A5DFF277EA8FBA67185" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0077A5DFF277EA8FBA67185" blockId="0.[151,1436,746,930]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFF277EA8FDE77125" authority="(Shreve, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[151,536,746,770]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFF277EA8FE8F7125" box="[151,368,746,770]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Phrynopus montium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFECF7EA8FDF07125" author="Shreve" box="[383,527,746,770]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Shreve, B. (1938) A new Liolaemus and two new Syrrhopus from Peru. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 28, 404 - 407." type="journal article" year="1938">Shreve, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
was described from Cascas,
<collectingRegion id="49EBF82BA0077A5DFCE47EA8FC717125" box="[852,910,746,770]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Junín</collectingRegion>
Department,
<collectingCountry id="F3387659A0077A5DFB937EA9FBA97125" box="[1059,1110,747,770]" name="Peru" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Peru</collectingCountry>
, at an undetermined elevation between 3000 and
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a.s.l. in the Cordillera Central. With the exception of the
<typeStatus id="5494886BA0077A5DFB907F49FBB17104" box="[1056,1102,779,803]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">type</typeStatus>
specimens used in the original description, no additional sightings of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFD827F69FD567165" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[562,681,811,834]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFD827F69FD567165" box="[562,681,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been reported for 76 years. Additionally, its coloration in life, microhabitat use, and precise elevational distribution remained unknown. During a field expedition conducted in 2014, two individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFE827F29FE5571A5" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[306,426,875,898]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFE827F29FE5571A5" box="[306,426,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found at an upper cloud forest site in central
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,
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south from Hacienda Cascas. Here, I describe the coloration in life, microhabitat use, and elevation of these individuals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0077A5DFF277F89FC4A71C5" blockId="0.[151,949,970,994]" box="[151,949,970,994]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFF277F89FEE571C5" bold="true" box="[151,282,971,994]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Key words:</emphasis>
<keyWord id="30D96DAEA0077A5DFE907F88FE5A71C5" box="[288,421,970,994]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Amphibians</keyWord>
,
<keyWord id="30D96DAEA0077A5DFE007F88FE0871C5" box="[432,503,970,994]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Andes</keyWord>
,
<keyWord id="30D96DAEA0077A5DFDB27F89FD5B71C5" box="[514,676,970,994]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">montane forest</keyWord>
,
<keyWord id="30D96DAEA0077A5DFD1E7F88FC4A71C5" box="[686,949,970,994]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">terrestrial breeding frogs</keyWord>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
<subSection id="E2A02F22A0077A5CFF277871FEE4733A" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="introduction">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0077A5DFF277871FEC9766A" blockId="0.[151,310,1075,1101]" box="[151,310,1075,1101]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<heading id="D0D881A5A0077A5DFF277871FEC9766A" bold="true" box="[151,310,1075,1101]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFF277871FEC9766A" bold="true" box="[151,310,1075,1101]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Introduction</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C3356542A0077A5DFF277838FBBD7464" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0077A5DFF277838FBBD7464" blockId="0.[151,1437,1146,2038]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFF277838FDDA76B5" authority="(Shreve, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[151,549,1146,1171]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFF277838FE8676B5" box="[151,377,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Phrynopus montium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFE377838FDE276B5" author="Shreve" box="[391,541,1146,1171]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Shreve, B. (1938) A new Liolaemus and two new Syrrhopus from Peru. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 28, 404 - 407." type="journal article" year="1938">Shreve, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is a small terrestrial breeding frog (Amphibia,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFB837838FB8376B5" box="[1075,1148,1146,1170]" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Anura</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFB367838FACE76B4" authorityName="Hedges, Duellman &amp; Heinicke" authorityYear="2008" box="[1158,1329,1146,1171]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Craugastoridae</taxonomicName>
) that was originally described from “Cascas, near Huasahuasi, Department of
<collectingRegion id="49EBF82BA0077A5DFC2C78DFFC247691" box="[924,987,1181,1206]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Junin</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3387659A0077A5DFC5778DCFBE07691" box="[999,1055,1182,1206]" name="Peru" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Peru</collectingCountry>
,” at an undetermined elevation in the Cordillera Central. The description was based on four specimens measuring between 21 and
<quantity id="4CD79B2CA0077A5DFB667880FADA76FD" box="[1238,1317,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 mm</quantity>
in “length of head and body” (≈ snout–vent length), although no precise information about the sex or reproductive condition was included;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFE8F7948FE1E7705" author="Shreve" box="[319,481,1290,1315]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Shreve, B. (1938) A new Liolaemus and two new Syrrhopus from Peru. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 28, 404 - 407." type="journal article" year="1938">Shreve (1938)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out that the species lacks a tympanum and vomerine teeth (= dentigerous processes of vomers), both of which are characters shared by most species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFC4C796CFA677761" authority="(Duellman &amp; Lehr 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Duellman &amp; Lehr" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1020,1432,1325,1350]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFC4C796CFB8A7761" box="[1020,1141,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Phrynopus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFB34796FFA6E7761" author="Duellman" box="[1156,1425,1325,1350]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Duellman, W. E. &amp; Lehr, E. (2009) Terrestrial-Breeding Frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Natur- und Tier-Verlag, Naturwissenschaft, Munster, 382 pp." type="book" year="2009">Duellman &amp; Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Though
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFF457910FE6B774D" author="Shreve" box="[245,404,1362,1387]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Shreve, B. (1938) A new Liolaemus and two new Syrrhopus from Peru. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 28, 404 - 407." type="journal article" year="1938">Shreve (1938)</bibRefCitation>
did not provide information about the elevation of the
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locality, the elevational range of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFF277935FEE877A9" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[151,279,1399,1422]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFF277935FEE877A9" box="[151,279,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was thought to be between 3000 and
<quantity id="4CD79B2CA0077A5DFD657934FCD277A9" box="[725,813,1398,1422]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFCCC7937FB7077A9" author="Duellman" box="[892,1167,1397,1422]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Duellman, W. E. &amp; Lehr, E. (2009) Terrestrial-Breeding Frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Natur- und Tier-Verlag, Naturwissenschaft, Munster, 382 pp." type="book" year="2009">Duellman &amp; Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
) or up to
<quantity id="4CD79B2CA0077A5DFAB77934FAA177A9" box="[1287,1374,1398,1422]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.012" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="4012.0">4012 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFF2E79D8FE0F7795" author="Rodriguez" box="[158,496,1434,1459]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Rodriguez, L. O. &amp; Catenazzi, A. (2017) Four new species of terrestrial-breeding frogs of the genus Phrynopus (Anura: Terrarana: Craugastoridae) from Rio Abiseo National Park, Peru. Zootaxa, 4273 (3), 381 - 406. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4273.3.4" type="journal article" year="2017">
Rodríguez &amp; Catenazzi
<docYear id="9349DA32A0077A5DFE0379D8FE0F7795" box="[435,496,1434,1458]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">2017</docYear>
</bibRefCitation>
). Precise information about the habitat of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFC6079D9FBB37795" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[976,1100,1435,1458]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFC6079D9FBB37795" box="[976,1100,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also remained unknown.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFF2779FFFEC977F1" author="Shreve" box="[151,310,1469,1494]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Shreve, B. (1938) A new Liolaemus and two new Syrrhopus from Peru. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 28, 404 - 407." type="journal article" year="1938">Shreve (1938)</bibRefCitation>
did not mention the habitat, but it was assumed that the species might live in montane cloud forest or Andean valleys with scrub vegetation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFDE079A0FCD177DD" author="Icochea" box="[592,814,1506,1531]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Icochea, J., Lehr, E. &amp; Aguilar, C. (2004) Phrynopus montium. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 26 September 2014)" type="journal article" year="2004">
Icochea
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFD0079A1FD1577DD" box="[688,746,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFCF279A0FB0B77DD" author="Rodriguez" box="[834,1268,1506,1531]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Rodriguez, L. O. &amp; Catenazzi, A. (2017) Four new species of terrestrial-breeding frogs of the genus Phrynopus (Anura: Terrarana: Craugastoridae) from Rio Abiseo National Park, Peru. Zootaxa, 4273 (3), 381 - 406. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4273.3.4" type="journal article" year="2017" yearSuffix="p">Rodríguez &amp; Catenazzi (2017: p. 403)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that the main habitat is Puna (also known as Andean grassland or Puna grassland). However, without new field observations, it has remained difficult to identify the primary habitat of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356542A0077A5DFF777A0CFB8A753A" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0077A5DFF777A0CFB8A753A" blockId="0.[151,1437,1146,2038]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFF777A0CFE507441" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[199,431,1614,1638]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFF777A0CFE507441" box="[199,431,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Phrynopus montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently categorized as Endangered B1ab(iii) by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) because its distribution is thought to cover a small geographic area (Extent of Occurrence &lt;
<quantity id="4CD79B2CA0077A5DFDD57ADAFD2F7496" box="[613,720,1688,1713]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" unit="km" value="5000.0">5,000 km</quantity>
2) that has experienced habitat loss and degradation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFA967ADAFF0274F2" author="Icochea" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Icochea, J., Lehr, E. &amp; Aguilar, C. (2004) Phrynopus montium. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 26 September 2014)" type="journal article" year="2004">
Icochea
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFA387ADBFF4B74F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
). The Peruvian Government recently categorized
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFCF97AFFFC3874F3" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[841,967,1725,1748]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFCF97AFFFC3874F3" box="[841,967,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as Endangered following a nationwide assessment of threatened biodiversity (Ministerio de
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFCB67AA2FBC074DE" author="Agricultura" box="[774,1087,1760,1785]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Ministerio de Agricultura y Riego (2014) Decreto Supremo que aprueba la actualizacion de la lista de clasificacion y categorizacion de las especies amenazadas de fauna silvestre legalmente protegidas. DECRETO SUPREMO No 004 - 2014 - MINAGRI. El Peruano, 8 abril 2014, 520497 - 520504." type="journal article" year="2014">Agricultura y Riego, 2014</bibRefCitation>
). As a result, nine species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFF277B47FEEF753A" baseAuthorityName="Duellman &amp; Lehr" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[151,272,1797,1821]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFF277B47FEEF753A" box="[151,272,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Phrynopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are currently categorized as threatened in
<collectingCountry id="F3387659A0077A5DFD5B7B47FCE1753B" box="[747,798,1797,1820]" name="Peru" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Peru</collectingCountry>
(Catenazzi &amp; von
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFC427B47FB96753A" author="May" box="[1010,1129,1797,1821]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Catenazzi, A. &amp; von May, R. (2014) Conservation status of amphibians in Peru. Herpetological Monographs, 28, 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / HERPMONOGRAPHS-D- 13 - 00003" type="journal article" year="2014">
<date id="FF911009A0077A5DFC427B47FB96753A" box="[1010,1129,1797,1821]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" value="2014-05">May 2014</date>
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356542A0077A5CFF777B6AFEE4733A" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0077A5DFF777B6AFA9E75D2" blockId="0.[151,1437,1146,2038]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">
Until recently,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFEC07B6BFE117567" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[368,494,1833,1856]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFEC07B6BFE117567" box="[368,494,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was considered to have a relatively wide distribution in central
<collectingCountry id="F3387659A0077A5DFB767B6BFB037567" box="[1222,1276,1833,1856]" name="Peru" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Peru</collectingCountry>
, including the regions of
<collectingRegion id="49EBF82BA0077A5DFEA77B0FFEA87542" box="[279,343,1869,1893]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Junín</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49EBF82BA0077A5DFED67B0FFE557543" box="[358,426,1869,1892]" country="Peru" name="Pasco" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Pasco</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="49EBF82BA0077A5DFE5D7B0FFDAD7542" box="[493,594,1869,1893]" country="Peru" name="Huanuco" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Huánuco</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFDD47B0EFCB27542" author="Icochea" box="[612,845,1868,1893]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Icochea, J., Lehr, E. &amp; Aguilar, C. (2004) Phrynopus montium. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 26 September 2014)" type="journal article" year="2004">
Icochea
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFD787B0FFCFA7542" box="[712,773,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
). However, the populations in
<collectingRegion id="49EBF82BA0077A5DFB077B0FFB077543" box="[1207,1272,1869,1892]" country="Peru" name="Pasco" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Pasco</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49EBF82BA0077A5DFA877B0FFA637542" box="[1335,1436,1869,1893]" country="Peru" name="Huanuco" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Huánuco</collectingRegion>
represented two other species,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFE4E7B33FD9D75AE" authorityName="Lehr" authorityYear="2007" box="[510,610,1905,1929]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kotosh">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFE4E7B33FD9D75AE" box="[510,610,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">P. kotosh</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFD147B33FCE275AE" authorityName="Lehr" authorityYear="2007" box="[676,797,1905,1929]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oblivius">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFD147B33FCE275AE" box="[676,797,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">P. oblivius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, that were described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFBF07B32FB2575AE" author="Lehr" box="[1088,1242,1904,1929]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Lehr, E. (2007 a) New eleutherodactyline frogs (Leptodactylidae, Pristimantis, Phrynopus) from Peru. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 159, 145 - 178. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / 0027 - 4100 (2007) 159 [145: NEFLPP] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="a">Lehr (2007a)</bibRefCitation>
. As a result, the known geographic range of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0077A5DFE697BD7FDA6758B" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[473,601,1941,1964]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0077A5DFE697BD7FDA6758B" box="[473,601,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was restricted to the
<typeStatus id="5494886BA0077A5DFCE27BD7FC7D758A" box="[850,898,1941,1965]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">type</typeStatus>
locality, Hacienda Cascas,
<collectingRegion id="49EBF82BA0077A5DFB0E7BD6FAAB758A" box="[1214,1364,1940,1965]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="0" pageNumber="195">Región Junín</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFAD57BD6FF2075F6" author="Lehr" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Lehr, E. (2007 a) New eleutherodactyline frogs (Leptodactylidae, Pristimantis, Phrynopus) from Peru. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 159, 145 - 178. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / 0027 - 4100 (2007) 159 [145: NEFLPP] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="a">Lehr 2007a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFF5B7BFAFE0575F6" author="Duellman" box="[235,506,1976,2001]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Duellman, W. E. &amp; Lehr, E. (2009) Terrestrial-Breeding Frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Natur- und Tier-Verlag, Naturwissenschaft, Munster, 382 pp." type="book" year="2009">Duellman &amp; Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, the precise geographic coordinates and elevation of the original collecting site, as well as the coloration in life, have remained unknown since the original description by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0077A5DFB0A7B9FFAA275D2" author="Shreve" box="[1210,1373,2013,2038]" pageId="0" pageNumber="195" refString="Shreve, B. (1938) A new Liolaemus and two new Syrrhopus from Peru. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 28, 404 - 407." type="journal article" year="1938">Shreve (1938)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0067A5CFF777CD5FEE4733A" blockId="1.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
During a field expedition carried out in 2014, I collected several specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0067A5CFB817CDAFB557297" baseAuthorityName="Duellman &amp; Lehr" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1073,1194,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFB817CDAFB557297" box="[1073,1194,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Phrynopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the eastern part of the Cordillera Central,
<collectingRegion id="49EBF82BA0067A5CFE2F7CFEFDC672F3" box="[415,569,188,213]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Región Junín</collectingRegion>
. Close inspection of two of these specimens revealed that they belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0067A5CFA377CFFFF0672D0" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFA377CFFFF0672D0" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Here, I provide the first description of its coloration in life, microhabitat use, and elevation of these individuals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
<subSection id="E2A02F22A0067A5CFF277D32FCBE765C" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="materials_methods">
<subSubSection id="C3356542A0067A5CFF277D32FEC7717D" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0067A5CFF277D32FE4873AD" blockId="1.[151,439,368,394]" box="[151,439,368,394]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<heading id="D0D881A5A0067A5CFF277D32FE4873AD" bold="true" box="[151,439,368,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFF277D32FE4873AD" bold="true" box="[151,439,368,394]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Materials and methods</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0067A5CFF277DF5FEC7717D" blockId="1.[151,1437,438,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
I followed
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0067A5CFEA87DF4FDB373E8" author="Lynch" box="[280,588,438,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" refString="Lynch, J. D. &amp; Duellman, W. E. (1997) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador: systematics, ecology, and biogeography. Special Publication Natural History Museum University of Kansas, 23, 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1997">Lynch &amp; Duellman (1997)</bibRefCitation>
for the general description format, and used the diagnostic characters of
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0067A5CFF277D98FE4973D4" author="Duellman" box="[151,438,474,499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" refString="Duellman, W. E. &amp; Lehr, E. (2009) Terrestrial-Breeding Frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Natur- und Tier-Verlag, Naturwissenschaft, Munster, 382 pp." type="book" year="2009">Duellman &amp; Lehr (2009)</bibRefCitation>
. Specimens were preserved in 96% ethanol and stored in 70% ethanol. Specimens were dissected to determine sex and maturity. I measured the following variables to the nearest
<quantity id="4CD79B2CA0067A5CFB057DBDFAF07031" box="[1205,1295,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
with digital calipers under a Zeiss Stemi 1000 stereoscope: snout–vent length (SVL), tibia length (TL), foot length (FL, distance from proximal margin of inner metatarsal tubercle to tip of Toe IV), head length (HL, from angle of jaw to tip of snout), head width (HW, at level of angle of jaw), eye diameter (ED), interorbital distance (IOD), upper eyelid width (EW), internarial distance (IND), eye–nostril distance (E-N, straight line distance between anterior corner of orbit and posterior margin of external nares). Fingers and toes are numbered preaxially to postaxially from I–IV respectively I–IV. To reduce reflections, preserved specimens were photographed submersed in ethanol. Photographs taken in the field were used for descriptions of color in life. Specimens were deposited in the herpetological collections of the Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (MUSM) in
<collectingRegion id="49EBF82BA0067A5CFF047F00FF0D717C" box="[180,242,834,859]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Lima</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3387659A0067A5CFF4D7F01FECB717D" box="[253,308,835,858]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356542A0067A5CFF777F24FCBE765C" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0067A5CFF777F24FCBE765C" blockId="1.[151,1437,438,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
Field surveys took place on
<date id="FF911009A0067A5CFDB97F25FD157158" box="[521,746,870,895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" value="2014-09-12">12 September 2014</date>
. During approximately eight hours (9:00–17:00 h), two field assistants and I searched eight sites along the road between Cachiyacu (
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B500EA0067A5CFC587FC8FB697184" box="[1000,1174,906,931]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" precision="1" value="-11.2536">11°15'12.96&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B500EA0067A5CFB177FC8FA9E7184" box="[1191,1377,906,931]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" precision="1" value="-75.5801">75°34'48.36&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
) and Hacienda Cascas (
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B500EA0067A5CFED67FECFDEE71E0" box="[358,529,942,967]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" precision="1" value="-11.137536">11°08'15.13&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B500EA0067A5CFDAE7FECFD2871E0" box="[542,727,942,967]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" precision="1" value="-75.600655">75°36'02.36&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingRegion id="49EBF82BA0067A5CFD5B7FECFC7B71E0" box="[747,900,942,967]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Región Junín</collectingRegion>
. Survey sites included Andean grassland (n = 3 sites), upper cloud forest (n = 2 sites), and open areas with scattered bushes next to agricultural fields (n = 3 sites). In addition to the specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0067A5CFE467FB5FD8B7629" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[502,628,1015,1038]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFE467FB5FD8B7629" box="[502,628,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported here, I collected another species,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0067A5CFBE27FB5FB217629" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1106,1246,1015,1038]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juninensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFBE27FB5FB217629" box="[1106,1246,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P. juninensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which had been previously collected in the vicinity of Cascas, the
<typeStatus id="5494886BA0067A5CFD797859FD067614" box="[713,761,1051,1075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">type</typeStatus>
locality for both
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0067A5CFC0D7859FBB47615" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[957,1099,1051,1074]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juninensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFC0D7859FBB47615" box="[957,1099,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P. juninensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0067A5CFB327859FEE07670" authority="(Duellman &amp; Lehr 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Duellman &amp; Lehr" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFB327859FB007615" box="[1154,1279,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P. montium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0067A5CFABF7858FEE87670" author="Duellman" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" refString="Duellman, W. E. &amp; Lehr, E. (2009) Terrestrial-Breeding Frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Natur- und Tier-Verlag, Naturwissenschaft, Munster, 382 pp." type="book" year="2009">Duellman &amp; Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Data on
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0067A5CFE2E787DFDCD7671" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[414,562,1087,1110]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juninensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFE2E787DFDCD7671" box="[414,562,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P. juninensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be presented separately in a study focusing on the phylogeny and morphology of the group (von May
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFD9B7821FD9C765C" box="[555,611,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">et al.</emphasis>
, unpublished data).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
<subSection id="E2A02F22A0067A59FF277883FB3773A0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="multiple">
<subSubSection id="C3356542A0067A5CFF277883FF0D76FC" box="[151,242,1217,1243]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0067A5CFF277883FF0D76FC" blockId="1.[151,242,1217,1243]" box="[151,242,1217,1243]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<heading id="D0D881A5A0067A5CFF277883FF0D76FC" bold="true" box="[151,242,1217,1243]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFF277883FF0D76FC" bold="true" box="[151,242,1217,1243]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Results</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356542A0067A5CFF27794AFA7F77AA" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0067A5CFF27794AFA7F77AA" blockId="1.[151,1437,1287,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
I found two individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0067A5CFE0F794BFDC37738" baseAuthorityName="Duellman &amp; Lehr" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[447,572,1288,1312]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFE0F794BFDC37738" box="[447,572,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at one site located at
<materialsCitation id="3B473C94A0067A5CFC9B794AFAB9774F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675508777" collectedFrom="under rocks in an open area with scattered bushes, moss (Sphagnum sp.), and bunchgrass (Stipa sp.) between the road and a small (&lt;0.5 ha) potato crop" country="Peru" elevation="3493" latitude="-11.215789" location="8.7 km south from Hacienda Cascas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.59072" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1">
<elevation id="0002D1FAA0067A5CFC9B794AFC797738" box="[811,902,1288,1312]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.493" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="3493.0">
<quantity id="4CD79B2CA0067A5CFC9B794AFC797738" box="[811,902,1288,1312]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.493" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="3493.0">3,493 m</quantity>
</elevation>
a.s.l. (
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B500EA0067A5CFC7F7945FB867707" box="[975,1145,1287,1312]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" precision="1" value="-11.215789">11°12'56.84&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B500EA0067A5CFB357945FAC37707" box="[1157,1340,1287,1312]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" precision="1" value="-75.59072">75°35'26.59&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
),
<location id="8EF06012A0067A5CFAFF794AFE267763" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038687DFA0077A59FF277D27FB3773A0:8EF06012A0067A5CFAFF794AFE267763" latitude="-11.215789" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.59072" name="8.7 km south from Hacienda Cascas" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<quantity id="4CD79B2CA0067A5CFAFF794AFA637707" box="[1359,1436,1287,1312]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="km" value="8.7">8.7 km</quantity>
south from Hacienda Cascas
</location>
. Both individuals were found
<collectedFrom id="38337534A0067A5CFC9A796EFB387740" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
under rocks in an open area with scattered bushes, moss (
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0067A5CFF107912FEE9774F" authorityName="C. Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[160,278,1360,1384]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFF107912FEE9774F" box="[160,278,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Sphagnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.), and bunchgrass (
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0067A5CFDA37912FDB57740" box="[531,586,1360,1383]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFDA37912FDB57740" box="[531,586,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Stipa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.) between the road and a small (&lt;0.5 ha) potato crop
</collectedFrom>
(
<figureCitation id="13142A4CA0067A5CFB66790DFACA774F" box="[1238,1333,1359,1384]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1410,1432]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,375,1385]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Site near road between Cachiyacu and Hacienda Cascas, Región Junín, Perú, where two individuals of Phrynopus montium were found in September 2014. Photo by R. von May." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1035701/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Figure 1</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
Below, I provide a brief description of the morphology, coloration in life, coloration in preservative, and natural history.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356542A0067A59FF7779DAFDD772F3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0067A5CFF7779DAFC4C75D6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1287,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFF7779DAFE9E7797" bold="true" box="[199,353,1432,1456]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Morphology.</emphasis>
The external morphology of the two specimens (MUSM 33259, 33260) largely matched the diagnosis and description provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0067A5CFDDE79FEFCE677F3" author="Shreve" box="[622,793,1468,1493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" refString="Shreve, B. (1938) A new Liolaemus and two new Syrrhopus from Peru. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 28, 404 - 407." type="journal article" year="1938">Shreve (1938)</bibRefCitation>
. Specifically, I observed the following characteristics (observations by Shreve, if slightly different, included in parentheses): tongue suboval; no dentigerous processes of vomers (vomerine teeth none); snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views; loreal region concave; canthus rostralis distinct, curved; nostril closer to the tip of the snout than the eye; interorbital space broader than upper eyelid; tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus absent (no tympanum); tips of digits bulbous, rounded (not or but extremely feebly swollen); finger I shorter than finger II; toe I shorter than toe II; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid (rather large but ill defined), outer metatarsal tubercle narrow, weakly defined (outer virtually indistinguishable from many surrounding poorly defined tubercles); skin on dorsum and flanks with scattered, low tubercles (granulate above, especially posteriorly; sides very coarsely granulate); skin on throat smooth, skin on chest and venter areolate (belly, chest, throat, and lower surface of thighs also very coarsely granulate); dorsolateral folds and discoidal folds absent (not indicated). I also reviewed the characteristics provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0067A5CFBFE7B66FA97751B" author="Duellman" box="[1102,1384,1828,1853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" refString="Duellman, W. E. &amp; Lehr, E. (2009) Terrestrial-Breeding Frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Natur- und Tier-Verlag, Naturwissenschaft, Munster, 382 pp." type="book" year="2009">Duellman &amp; Lehr (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, and one difference pertains the condition of the tympanic annulus. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0067A5CFC5C7B05FAFB7547" author="Duellman" box="[1004,1284,1863,1888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" refString="Duellman, W. E. &amp; Lehr, E. (2009) Terrestrial-Breeding Frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Natur- und Tier-Verlag, Naturwissenschaft, Munster, 382 pp." type="book" year="2009">Duellman &amp; Lehr (2009)</bibRefCitation>
the tympanic annulus is “visible beneath the skin.” However, this condition was not observed in the newly collected individuals reported here. It is also worth noting that the specimen shown in Figure
<quantity id="4CD79B2CA0067A5CFC657BD2FBE1758F" box="[981,1054,1935,1960]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5907999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="102.0">102 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B38A0067A5CFB977BCDFA63758F" author="Duellman" box="[1063,1436,1935,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" refString="Duellman, W. E. &amp; Lehr, E. (2009) Terrestrial-Breeding Frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Natur- und Tier-Verlag, Naturwissenschaft, Munster, 382 pp." type="book" year="2009" yearSuffix="p">Duellman &amp; Lehr (2009; p. 118)</bibRefCitation>
likely represents a different species (i.e., not
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0067A5CFD247BF7FCEC75EB" baseAuthorityName="Duellman &amp; Lehr" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[660,787,1973,1996]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFD247BF7FCEC75EB" box="[660,787,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) because it was collected at Maraynioc, Tarma Province, which is the
<typeStatus id="5494886BA0067A5CFE957B9BFEAA75D6" box="[293,341,2009,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0067A5CFE657B9BFDB575D7" authorityName="Lehr" authorityYear="2007" box="[469,586,2008,2032]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oblivius">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFE657B9BFDB575D7" box="[469,586,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P. oblivius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0067A5CFD307B9BFCFC75D7" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1873" box="[640,771,2009,2032]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruanus">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0067A5CFD307B9BFCFC75D7" box="[640,771,2009,2032]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P. peruanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lehr 2007ab).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0057A5FFF777CDAFCD87367" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
A dissection of the preserved specimens revealed that both are female. One of them, MUSM 33259, contained two ovarian eggs (diameter &lt;
<quantity id="4CD79B2CA0057A5FFE417CFEFDC972F3" box="[497,566,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
) and the other, MUSM 33260, contained 15–20 ovarian eggs (diameter &lt;
<quantity id="4CD79B2CA0057A5FFA3E7CFEFF3B72DF" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
) in each ovary. Individual body measurements (in mm) are as follows. MUSM 33259: SVL 26.3; TL 10.3; FL 10.7; HL 8.3; HW 8.9; ED 2.7; IOD 2.6; EW 1.5; IND 2.4; E-N 2.0. MUSM 33260: SVL 20.9; TL 8.1; FL 8.5; HL 7.1; HW 7.2; ED 2.3; IOD 2.0; EW 1.4; IND 1.8; E-N 1.4.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF506641A0057A5FFF2779C0FCE67791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1035701/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" targetBox="[151,1436,375,1385]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0057A5FFF2779C0FCE67791" blockId="2.[151,1436,1410,1462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0057A5FFF2779C0FEEC77B0" bold="true" box="[151,275,1410,1432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Site near road between Cachiyacu and Hacienda Cascas, Región Junín, Perú, where two individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0057A5FFA9E79C0FF0F7791" baseAuthorityName="Duellman &amp; Lehr" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0057A5FFA9E79C0FF0F7791" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Phrynopus montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found in September 2014. Photo by R. von May.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0057A5FFF77799FFB2D77D1" blockId="2.[151,1436,1501,1958]" box="[199,1234,1501,1526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0057A5FFF77799FFE6577D1" bold="true" box="[199,410,1501,1526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
Individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0057A5FFDF4799DFD3E77D1" baseAuthorityName="Duellman &amp; Lehr" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[580,705,1503,1526]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0057A5FFDF4799DFD3E77D1" box="[580,705,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibited variable coloration in life (
<figureCitation id="13142A4CA0057A5FFBD2799FFB3B77D1" box="[1122,1220,1501,1526]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,887,909]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,194,866]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1247,193,866]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lateral and ventral views of live individuals of Phrynopus montium, found in September 2014 near the type locality. A – B (MUSM 33259, SVL 26.3 mm), C – D (MUSM 33260, SVL 20.9 mm). Photos by R. von May." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1035703/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Figure 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0057A5FFF277A43FDD47581" blockId="2.[151,1436,1501,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Individual MUSM 33259 had pale grayish brown dorsum with a pale, thin mid-dorsal stripe, 4–5 small pale yellow spots on each side of dorsum and one pale yellow spot on the left flank; dorsal surface of forearms and flanks colored as dorsum, slightly paler; side of head and groin with no markings; posterior surfaces of thighs colored as dorsum, with 2–3 small pale yellow spots; throat, chest, and belly pale gray; fingers I and II cream above and pale salmon below, fingers III and IV gray above and dark gray below toes I–III pale gray, toes IV–V gray; palmar and plantar surfaces, including subarticular tubercles, dark gray; iris bronze with fine black reticulations. Individual MUSM 33260 had grayish brown dorsum with a pale, thin mid-dorsal stripe and a small pale yellow spot on each side of dorsum; dorsal surface of forearms and flanks reddish brown; side of head with a pale gray bar under the eye; groin and anterior surface of thighs reddish brown; posterior surfaces of thighs colored as dorsum, with no spots; throat, chest, belly, and ventral surface of thighs salmon; fingers I and II tan, fingers III and IV pale brown; toes I–III pale tan, toes IV–V gray; palmar and plantar surfaces, including subarticular tubercles, dark gray; iris bronze with fine black reticulations.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF506641A0047A5EFF277F35FB20718C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1035703/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" targetBox="[340,1247,194,866]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0047A5EFF277F35FB20718C" blockId="3.[151,1436,887,939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0047A5EFF277F35FEE971AB" bold="true" box="[151,278,887,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Lateral and ventral views of live individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0047A5EFCAD7F35FC1271AA" baseAuthorityName="Duellman &amp; Lehr" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[797,1005,887,909]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0047A5EFCAD7F35FC1271AA" box="[797,1005,887,909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Phrynopus montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, found in September 2014 near the type locality.
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0047A5EFF5E7FD4FEE1718C" bold="true" box="[238,286,918,939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">A–B</emphasis>
(MUSM 33259, SVL 26.3 mm),
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0047A5EFDC17FD7FD5D718C" bold="true" box="[625,674,917,939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">C–D</emphasis>
(MUSM 33260, SVL 20.9 mm). Photos by R. von May.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF506641A0047A5EFF277AB2FD447502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1035705/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" targetBox="[340,1246,990,1754]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0047A5EFF277AB2FD447502" blockId="3.[151,1436,1776,1829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0047A5EFF277AB2FEEC7522" bold="true" box="[151,275,1776,1798]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Lateral view of head and ventral view of left hand of preserved individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0047A5EFB867AB2FAFC7521" baseAuthorityName="Duellman &amp; Lehr" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1078,1283,1776,1798]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0047A5EFB867AB2FAFC7521" box="[1078,1283,1776,1798]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Phrynopus montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0047A5EFAA07AB2FAC07522" bold="true" box="[1296,1343,1776,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">A–B</emphasis>
(MUSM 33259),
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0047A5EFF5B7B4DFEE37502" bold="true" box="[235,284,1807,1829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">C–D</emphasis>
(MUSM 33260). Photos by R. von May.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0047A59FF777B0EFDD772F3" blockId="3.[151,1437,1868,2037]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0047A5EFF777B0EFDE77542" bold="true" box="[199,536,1868,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Coloration in preservative.</emphasis>
Both specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0047A5EFCA77B0FFC667543" baseAuthorityName="Duellman &amp; Lehr" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[791,921,1869,1892]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0047A5EFCA77B0FFC667543" box="[791,921,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibit similar coloration in preservative. Specimen MUSM 33259 with dorsum gray with small white flecks; throat and chest pale cream and gray, with pale mid-ventral stripe; ventral surfaces of hands, forearms, and feet pale gray; fingers I and II white above and below, fingers III and IV pale gray above and below; toes I–III white above and below, toes IV–V light gray above and below; iris uniformly gray. Specimen MUSM 33260 as above, except that ventral surfaces of hands and forearms are primarily pale cream instead of gray. A lateral view of the head and a ventral view of left hand of both specimens are provided in
<figureCitation id="13142A4CA0037A59FE737CFEFDDC72F3" box="[451,547,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1776,1798]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,990,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1247,989,1754]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lateral view of head and ventral view of left hand of preserved individuals of Phrynopus montium. A – B (MUSM 33259), C – D (MUSM 33260). Photos by R. von May." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1035705/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Figure 3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356542A0037A59FF777CA2FB3773A0" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9036C9A0037A59FF777CA2FB3773A0" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0037A59FF777CA2FE7A72DF" bold="true" box="[199,389,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Natural history.</emphasis>
Both specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0037A59FDD27CA3FD2472D0" baseAuthorityName="Duellman &amp; Lehr" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[610,731,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0037A59FDD27CA3FD2472D0" box="[610,731,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found under rocks in an open area with scattered bushes, moss (
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0037A59FF507D46FEA9733B" authorityName="C. Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[224,342,260,284]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0037A59FF507D46FEA9733B" box="[224,342,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Sphagnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.), and bunchgrass (
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0037A59FDE27D46FD75733C" box="[594,650,260,283]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0037A59FDE27D46FD75733C" box="[594,650,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Stipa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.). This site is next to an area of approximately 100×
<quantity id="4CD79B2CA0037A59FB427D46FAC4733B" box="[1266,1339,260,284]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
used for potato cultivation, which, in turn, is surrounded by a larger area (3.50×
<quantity id="4CD79B2CA0037A59FC7A7D65FBD57367" box="[970,1066,295,320]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" unit="km" value="1.75">1.75 km</quantity>
) of upper montane cloud forest. Thus,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0037A59FF6C7D0FFEA67343" baseAuthorityName="Duellman &amp; Lehr" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[220,345,333,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0037A59FF6C7D0FFEA67343" box="[220,345,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">P. montium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might inhabit montane forest in addition to scrub vegetation. Two other amphibians,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0037A59FABF7D0FFA637343" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1295,1436,333,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Phrynopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juninensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0037A59FABF7D0FFA637343" box="[1295,1436,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">P. juninensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the marsupial frog
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D4AA0037A59FE2B7D32FD6A73AF" authorityName="Shreve" authorityYear="1941" box="[411,661,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griswoldi">
<emphasis id="B95BEADBA0037A59FE2B7D32FD6A73AF" box="[411,661,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Gastrotheca griswoldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, were found under rocks in the surrounding areas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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