297 lines
37 KiB
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297 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-208-103" ID-Pensoft-UUID="88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB" ModsDocID="1314-2003-208-103" checkinTime="1663785939964" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lobban, Christopher S., Ashworth, Matt P., Camacho, Terance, Lam, Daryl W. & Theriot, Edward C." docDate="2022" docId="BD9DE0063FAD5C0EA31649B6E2078499" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 208: 103-184" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 208" docPubDate="2022-09-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913" docTitle="Ardissoneopsis gracilis Lobban 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB" masterDocTitle="Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1663785939964" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lobban, Christopher S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1596-0656</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Natural Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, Guam, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">clobban@guam.net</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ashworth, Matt P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Camacho, Terance</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Natural Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, Guam, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lam, Daryl W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>LSAMP Program, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, Guam, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Theriot, Edward C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-09-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>208</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>103</mods:start>
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<mods:end>184</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-208-103</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD9DE0063FAD5C0EA31649B6E2078499" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD9DE0063FAD5C0EA31649B6E2078499" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName LSID="BD9DE006-3FAD-5C0E-A316-49B6E2078499" authority="Lobban" authorityName="Lobban" authorityYear="2022" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Ardissoneopsis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ardissoneopsis gracilis" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="gracilis" status="sp. nov.">Ardissoneopsis gracilis Lobban</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="103">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Ardissoneopsis gracilis sp. nov. (GU 44 BJ- 4, except B TK 28) A-C three specimens to scale in LM to show size range: valves from Guam (A) and Chuuk (B), frustule from Guam in girdle view (C) showing heteropolarity D frustule in SEM tilted 60 °, showing both valve and girdle faces E, F pole and mid-section of holotype G-K external views of valve in SEM with other species adjacent for comparison (GU 44 BJ- 4): index image (G) with locations of details marked, apical pole (H) (shown by depth of mantle), compare stria density with Ardissoneopsis appressata (A. g.); top half of center (I), offset areolae in striae within the oval suggest location of annulus; narrow portion below center (J), compare with scattered areolae in adjacent Toxarium undulatum (T. u.); basal pole (K), note spines on both poles L, M internal aspect near middle and at the apical pole, showing lack of costae N, O girdle view of frustule apical and basal poles, showing taper in mantle and girdle bands P possible piece of pleura (pl?) with fimbriae Q, R fimbriate edges of valvocopula and copula, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-D, G); 10 µm (E, F, H-K); 5 µm (L-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746734" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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Differing from
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<taxonomicName class="Mediophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="A. fulgicans" order="Toxariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fulgicans">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. fulgicans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in valves being more slender, slightly wavy outline, lower stria density, and markedly heteropolar frustule in girdle view and from
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<taxonomicName class="Mediophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="A. undosa" order="Toxariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undosa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. undosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by lack of central inflation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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Frustules cuneate in girdle view (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Ardissoneopsis gracilis sp. nov. (GU 44 BJ- 4, except B TK 28) A-C three specimens to scale in LM to show size range: valves from Guam (A) and Chuuk (B), frustule from Guam in girdle view (C) showing heteropolarity D frustule in SEM tilted 60 °, showing both valve and girdle faces E, F pole and mid-section of holotype G-K external views of valve in SEM with other species adjacent for comparison (GU 44 BJ- 4): index image (G) with locations of details marked, apical pole (H) (shown by depth of mantle), compare stria density with Ardissoneopsis appressata (A. g.); top half of center (I), offset areolae in striae within the oval suggest location of annulus; narrow portion below center (J), compare with scattered areolae in adjacent Toxarium undulatum (T. u.); basal pole (K), note spines on both poles L, M internal aspect near middle and at the apical pole, showing lack of costae N, O girdle view of frustule apical and basal poles, showing taper in mantle and girdle bands P possible piece of pleura (pl?) with fimbriae Q, R fimbriate edges of valvocopula and copula, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-D, G); 10 µm (E, F, H-K); 5 µm (L-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746734" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18C, D, N, O</figureCitation>
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), both valve mantle and width of girdle bands decreasing from apical pole to basal pole; hypothesized to be attached to mucilage pads at the basal pole, but not observed in live or raw material. Valves slender, weakly undulating, slightly inflated in the middle and at poles, slightly heteropolar but poles not consistently distinguishable except for mantle depth (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Ardissoneopsis gracilis sp. nov. (GU 44 BJ- 4, except B TK 28) A-C three specimens to scale in LM to show size range: valves from Guam (A) and Chuuk (B), frustule from Guam in girdle view (C) showing heteropolarity D frustule in SEM tilted 60 °, showing both valve and girdle faces E, F pole and mid-section of holotype G-K external views of valve in SEM with other species adjacent for comparison (GU 44 BJ- 4): index image (G) with locations of details marked, apical pole (H) (shown by depth of mantle), compare stria density with Ardissoneopsis appressata (A. g.); top half of center (I), offset areolae in striae within the oval suggest location of annulus; narrow portion below center (J), compare with scattered areolae in adjacent Toxarium undulatum (T. u.); basal pole (K), note spines on both poles L, M internal aspect near middle and at the apical pole, showing lack of costae N, O girdle view of frustule apical and basal poles, showing taper in mantle and girdle bands P possible piece of pleura (pl?) with fimbriae Q, R fimbriate edges of valvocopula and copula, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-D, G); 10 µm (E, F, H-K); 5 µm (L-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746734" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18A, B, G, E</figureCitation>
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). Dimensions: 206-431
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide except 7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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across the middle and poles (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Ardissoneopsis gracilis sp. nov. (GU 44 BJ- 4, except B TK 28) A-C three specimens to scale in LM to show size range: valves from Guam (A) and Chuuk (B), frustule from Guam in girdle view (C) showing heteropolarity D frustule in SEM tilted 60 °, showing both valve and girdle faces E, F pole and mid-section of holotype G-K external views of valve in SEM with other species adjacent for comparison (GU 44 BJ- 4): index image (G) with locations of details marked, apical pole (H) (shown by depth of mantle), compare stria density with Ardissoneopsis appressata (A. g.); top half of center (I), offset areolae in striae within the oval suggest location of annulus; narrow portion below center (J), compare with scattered areolae in adjacent Toxarium undulatum (T. u.); basal pole (K), note spines on both poles L, M internal aspect near middle and at the apical pole, showing lack of costae N, O girdle view of frustule apical and basal poles, showing taper in mantle and girdle bands P possible piece of pleura (pl?) with fimbriae Q, R fimbriate edges of valvocopula and copula, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-D, G); 10 µm (E, F, H-K); 5 µm (L-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746734" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18A-G</figureCitation>
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). Striae parallel, 10-12 in 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, except radiating at poles, areolae small, circular. The annulus near valve-mantle junction, indicated only in places where striae on mantle are offset from those on valve face (oval on Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Ardissoneopsis gracilis sp. nov. (GU 44 BJ- 4, except B TK 28) A-C three specimens to scale in LM to show size range: valves from Guam (A) and Chuuk (B), frustule from Guam in girdle view (C) showing heteropolarity D frustule in SEM tilted 60 °, showing both valve and girdle faces E, F pole and mid-section of holotype G-K external views of valve in SEM with other species adjacent for comparison (GU 44 BJ- 4): index image (G) with locations of details marked, apical pole (H) (shown by depth of mantle), compare stria density with Ardissoneopsis appressata (A. g.); top half of center (I), offset areolae in striae within the oval suggest location of annulus; narrow portion below center (J), compare with scattered areolae in adjacent Toxarium undulatum (T. u.); basal pole (K), note spines on both poles L, M internal aspect near middle and at the apical pole, showing lack of costae N, O girdle view of frustule apical and basal poles, showing taper in mantle and girdle bands P possible piece of pleura (pl?) with fimbriae Q, R fimbriate edges of valvocopula and copula, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-D, G); 10 µm (E, F, H-K); 5 µm (L-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746734" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18I</figureCitation>
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). There is often also an offset across the midline but no sternum. Several spines occur on both poles. (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Ardissoneopsis gracilis sp. nov. (GU 44 BJ- 4, except B TK 28) A-C three specimens to scale in LM to show size range: valves from Guam (A) and Chuuk (B), frustule from Guam in girdle view (C) showing heteropolarity D frustule in SEM tilted 60 °, showing both valve and girdle faces E, F pole and mid-section of holotype G-K external views of valve in SEM with other species adjacent for comparison (GU 44 BJ- 4): index image (G) with locations of details marked, apical pole (H) (shown by depth of mantle), compare stria density with Ardissoneopsis appressata (A. g.); top half of center (I), offset areolae in striae within the oval suggest location of annulus; narrow portion below center (J), compare with scattered areolae in adjacent Toxarium undulatum (T. u.); basal pole (K), note spines on both poles L, M internal aspect near middle and at the apical pole, showing lack of costae N, O girdle view of frustule apical and basal poles, showing taper in mantle and girdle bands P possible piece of pleura (pl?) with fimbriae Q, R fimbriate edges of valvocopula and copula, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-D, G); 10 µm (E, F, H-K); 5 µm (L-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746734" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18H, K, N, O</figureCitation>
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). Internally, interstriae are barely thickened, not forming costae, and there are no longitudinal costae on the annulus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Ardissoneopsis gracilis sp. nov. (GU 44 BJ- 4, except B TK 28) A-C three specimens to scale in LM to show size range: valves from Guam (A) and Chuuk (B), frustule from Guam in girdle view (C) showing heteropolarity D frustule in SEM tilted 60 °, showing both valve and girdle faces E, F pole and mid-section of holotype G-K external views of valve in SEM with other species adjacent for comparison (GU 44 BJ- 4): index image (G) with locations of details marked, apical pole (H) (shown by depth of mantle), compare stria density with Ardissoneopsis appressata (A. g.); top half of center (I), offset areolae in striae within the oval suggest location of annulus; narrow portion below center (J), compare with scattered areolae in adjacent Toxarium undulatum (T. u.); basal pole (K), note spines on both poles L, M internal aspect near middle and at the apical pole, showing lack of costae N, O girdle view of frustule apical and basal poles, showing taper in mantle and girdle bands P possible piece of pleura (pl?) with fimbriae Q, R fimbriate edges of valvocopula and copula, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-D, G); 10 µm (E, F, H-K); 5 µm (L-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746734" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18L, M</figureCitation>
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). Three girdle bands were present (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Ardissoneopsis gracilis sp. nov. (GU 44 BJ- 4, except B TK 28) A-C three specimens to scale in LM to show size range: valves from Guam (A) and Chuuk (B), frustule from Guam in girdle view (C) showing heteropolarity D frustule in SEM tilted 60 °, showing both valve and girdle faces E, F pole and mid-section of holotype G-K external views of valve in SEM with other species adjacent for comparison (GU 44 BJ- 4): index image (G) with locations of details marked, apical pole (H) (shown by depth of mantle), compare stria density with Ardissoneopsis appressata (A. g.); top half of center (I), offset areolae in striae within the oval suggest location of annulus; narrow portion below center (J), compare with scattered areolae in adjacent Toxarium undulatum (T. u.); basal pole (K), note spines on both poles L, M internal aspect near middle and at the apical pole, showing lack of costae N, O girdle view of frustule apical and basal poles, showing taper in mantle and girdle bands P possible piece of pleura (pl?) with fimbriae Q, R fimbriate edges of valvocopula and copula, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-D, G); 10 µm (E, F, H-K); 5 µm (L-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746734" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18N-R</figureCitation>
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): valvocopula with a row of pores along the edge of the pars interior and a fimbriate internal margin (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Ardissoneopsis gracilis sp. nov. (GU 44 BJ- 4, except B TK 28) A-C three specimens to scale in LM to show size range: valves from Guam (A) and Chuuk (B), frustule from Guam in girdle view (C) showing heteropolarity D frustule in SEM tilted 60 °, showing both valve and girdle faces E, F pole and mid-section of holotype G-K external views of valve in SEM with other species adjacent for comparison (GU 44 BJ- 4): index image (G) with locations of details marked, apical pole (H) (shown by depth of mantle), compare stria density with Ardissoneopsis appressata (A. g.); top half of center (I), offset areolae in striae within the oval suggest location of annulus; narrow portion below center (J), compare with scattered areolae in adjacent Toxarium undulatum (T. u.); basal pole (K), note spines on both poles L, M internal aspect near middle and at the apical pole, showing lack of costae N, O girdle view of frustule apical and basal poles, showing taper in mantle and girdle bands P possible piece of pleura (pl?) with fimbriae Q, R fimbriate edges of valvocopula and copula, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-D, G); 10 µm (E, F, H-K); 5 µm (L-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746734" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18Q</figureCitation>
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); two rows of pores occur around basal pole, but become one within 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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from base, further out becoming two and then three or more rows (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Ardissoneopsis gracilis sp. nov. (GU 44 BJ- 4, except B TK 28) A-C three specimens to scale in LM to show size range: valves from Guam (A) and Chuuk (B), frustule from Guam in girdle view (C) showing heteropolarity D frustule in SEM tilted 60 °, showing both valve and girdle faces E, F pole and mid-section of holotype G-K external views of valve in SEM with other species adjacent for comparison (GU 44 BJ- 4): index image (G) with locations of details marked, apical pole (H) (shown by depth of mantle), compare stria density with Ardissoneopsis appressata (A. g.); top half of center (I), offset areolae in striae within the oval suggest location of annulus; narrow portion below center (J), compare with scattered areolae in adjacent Toxarium undulatum (T. u.); basal pole (K), note spines on both poles L, M internal aspect near middle and at the apical pole, showing lack of costae N, O girdle view of frustule apical and basal poles, showing taper in mantle and girdle bands P possible piece of pleura (pl?) with fimbriae Q, R fimbriate edges of valvocopula and copula, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-D, G); 10 µm (E, F, H-K); 5 µm (L-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746734" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18N, O</figureCitation>
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). In the copula, also bearing a fimbriate flange (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Ardissoneopsis gracilis sp. nov. (GU 44 BJ- 4, except B TK 28) A-C three specimens to scale in LM to show size range: valves from Guam (A) and Chuuk (B), frustule from Guam in girdle view (C) showing heteropolarity D frustule in SEM tilted 60 °, showing both valve and girdle faces E, F pole and mid-section of holotype G-K external views of valve in SEM with other species adjacent for comparison (GU 44 BJ- 4): index image (G) with locations of details marked, apical pole (H) (shown by depth of mantle), compare stria density with Ardissoneopsis appressata (A. g.); top half of center (I), offset areolae in striae within the oval suggest location of annulus; narrow portion below center (J), compare with scattered areolae in adjacent Toxarium undulatum (T. u.); basal pole (K), note spines on both poles L, M internal aspect near middle and at the apical pole, showing lack of costae N, O girdle view of frustule apical and basal poles, showing taper in mantle and girdle bands P possible piece of pleura (pl?) with fimbriae Q, R fimbriate edges of valvocopula and copula, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-D, G); 10 µm (E, F, H-K); 5 µm (L-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746734" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18P, R</figureCitation>
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), pars exterior has numerous pores arranged in a generally decussate pattern but becoming looser near basal pole (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Ardissoneopsis gracilis sp. nov. (GU 44 BJ- 4, except B TK 28) A-C three specimens to scale in LM to show size range: valves from Guam (A) and Chuuk (B), frustule from Guam in girdle view (C) showing heteropolarity D frustule in SEM tilted 60 °, showing both valve and girdle faces E, F pole and mid-section of holotype G-K external views of valve in SEM with other species adjacent for comparison (GU 44 BJ- 4): index image (G) with locations of details marked, apical pole (H) (shown by depth of mantle), compare stria density with Ardissoneopsis appressata (A. g.); top half of center (I), offset areolae in striae within the oval suggest location of annulus; narrow portion below center (J), compare with scattered areolae in adjacent Toxarium undulatum (T. u.); basal pole (K), note spines on both poles L, M internal aspect near middle and at the apical pole, showing lack of costae N, O girdle view of frustule apical and basal poles, showing taper in mantle and girdle bands P possible piece of pleura (pl?) with fimbriae Q, R fimbriate edges of valvocopula and copula, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-D, G); 10 µm (E, F, H-K); 5 µm (L-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746734" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18N, O</figureCitation>
|
|
). The pleura is very narrow even at the poles (Fig.
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|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Ardissoneopsis gracilis sp. nov. (GU 44 BJ- 4, except B TK 28) A-C three specimens to scale in LM to show size range: valves from Guam (A) and Chuuk (B), frustule from Guam in girdle view (C) showing heteropolarity D frustule in SEM tilted 60 °, showing both valve and girdle faces E, F pole and mid-section of holotype G-K external views of valve in SEM with other species adjacent for comparison (GU 44 BJ- 4): index image (G) with locations of details marked, apical pole (H) (shown by depth of mantle), compare stria density with Ardissoneopsis appressata (A. g.); top half of center (I), offset areolae in striae within the oval suggest location of annulus; narrow portion below center (J), compare with scattered areolae in adjacent Toxarium undulatum (T. u.); basal pole (K), note spines on both poles L, M internal aspect near middle and at the apical pole, showing lack of costae N, O girdle view of frustule apical and basal poles, showing taper in mantle and girdle bands P possible piece of pleura (pl?) with fimbriae Q, R fimbriate edges of valvocopula and copula, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-D, G); 10 µm (E, F, H-K); 5 µm (L-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746734" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18N, O, P</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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|
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746734" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 18.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lobban" authorityYear="2022" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Ardissoneopsis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ardissoneopsis gracilis" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Ardissoneopsis gracilis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
sp. nov. (GU44BJ-4, except
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
|
|
TK28)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A-C</emphasis>
|
|
three specimens to scale in LM to show size range: valves from Guam (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
|
|
) and Chuuk (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
|
|
), frustule from Guam in girdle view (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
|
|
) showing heteropolarity
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
|
|
frustule in SEM tilted 60°, showing both valve and girdle faces
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E, F</emphasis>
|
|
pole and mid-section of holotype
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|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G-K</emphasis>
|
|
external views of valve in SEM with other species adjacent for comparison (GU44BJ-4): index image (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">G</emphasis>
|
|
) with locations of details marked, apical pole (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">H</emphasis>
|
|
) (shown by depth of mantle), compare stria density with
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lobban & Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Ardissoneopsis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ardissoneopsis appressata" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="appressata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Ardissoneopsis appressata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Mediophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="A. g." order="Toxariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="g.">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. g.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
); top half of center (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">I</emphasis>
|
|
), offset areolae in striae within the oval suggest location of annulus; narrow portion below center (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">J</emphasis>
|
|
), compare with scattered areolae in adjacent
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. W. Bailey" authorityYear="1854" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Toxarium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Toxarium undulatum" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undulatum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Toxarium undulatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. u." pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="u.">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">T. u.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
); basal pole (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">K</emphasis>
|
|
), note spines on both poles
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">L, M</emphasis>
|
|
internal aspect near middle and at the apical pole, showing lack of costae
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">N, O</emphasis>
|
|
girdle view of frustule apical and basal poles, showing taper in mantle and girdle bands
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P</emphasis>
|
|
possible piece of pleura (pl?) with fimbriae
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Q, R</emphasis>
|
|
fimbriate edges of valvocopula and copula, respectively. Scale bars: 50
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A-D, G</emphasis>
|
|
); 10
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E, F, H-K</emphasis>
|
|
); 5
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">L-R</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="holotype">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Holotype</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">(designated here).</emphasis>
|
|
Specimen at 11.0 mm E, 2.5 mm S of the mark on slide 1831, deposited at ANSP accession # ANSP-GC20087. Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Ardissoneopsis gracilis sp. nov. (GU 44 BJ- 4, except B TK 28) A-C three specimens to scale in LM to show size range: valves from Guam (A) and Chuuk (B), frustule from Guam in girdle view (C) showing heteropolarity D frustule in SEM tilted 60 °, showing both valve and girdle faces E, F pole and mid-section of holotype G-K external views of valve in SEM with other species adjacent for comparison (GU 44 BJ- 4): index image (G) with locations of details marked, apical pole (H) (shown by depth of mantle), compare stria density with Ardissoneopsis appressata (A. g.); top half of center (I), offset areolae in striae within the oval suggest location of annulus; narrow portion below center (J), compare with scattered areolae in adjacent Toxarium undulatum (T. u.); basal pole (K), note spines on both poles L, M internal aspect near middle and at the apical pole, showing lack of costae N, O girdle view of frustule apical and basal poles, showing taper in mantle and girdle bands P possible piece of pleura (pl?) with fimbriae Q, R fimbriate edges of valvocopula and copula, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-D, G); 10 µm (E, F, H-K); 5 µm (L-R)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746734" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">18E, F</figureCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="registration">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Registration.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Phycobank http://phycobank.org/103243.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="type locality">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
|
Guam: Apra Harbor: GabGab reef,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="13.443" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="13.443">13.443°N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="144.643" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="144.643">144.643°E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, sparse filamentous algal turf on farmer fish territory (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Plectroglyphidodon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectroglyphidodon lacrymans" order="Perciformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacrymans">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Plectroglyphidodon lacrymans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), associated with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Mediophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="A. gigantea" order="Toxariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. gigantea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. W. Bailey" authorityYear="1854" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Toxarium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Toxarium undulatum" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undulatum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Toxarium undulatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, depth ca. 8 m., collection number GU44BJ-4, 8 Feb. 2015. C.S. Lobban and M. Schefter leg.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Other materials examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
|
<collectingCountry name="Guam">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
|
: Apra Harbor: GU52P-7!, GU52AI-1!.
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Federated States of Micronesia" location="Chuuk" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chuuk">
|
|
<collectingCountry name="Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</collectingCountry>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Micronesia" name="Chuuk">Chuuk</collectingRegion>
|
|
: TK28
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
!;
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Marshall Islands" location="Majuro" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Majuro">
|
|
Yap: Y36-2!.
|
|
<collectingCountry name="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Marshall Islands" name="Majuro">Majuro</collectingRegion>
|
|
: M1!,
|
|
<collectingRegion country="Marshall Islands" name="Jaluit">Jaluit</collectingRegion>
|
|
, J1
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
!.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Adjective (Latin), slender.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="taxonomic comments">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Taxonomic comments.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
|
|
Most similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lobban & Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Ardissoneopsis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ardissoneopsis fulgicans" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="fulgicans">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Ardissoneopsis fulgicans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
but differing in the wavy margin, width only half that of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Mediophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="A. fulgicans" order="Toxariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fulgicans">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A. fulgicans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and in having only 10-12 striae vs. 19-20 in 10
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
. Its shape resembles some
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Toxarium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Toxarium hennedeyanum" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hennedeyanum">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Toxarium hennedeyanum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which can sometimes be slightly wavy and only weakly inflated in the middle (e.g., Suppl. material 4: Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStartId="S2" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S2A-C</figureCitation>
|
|
) but always has a random pattern of areolae on the valve face. Much less inflated in the middle, much less strongly undulate, and more coarsely striated than
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synedra undosa" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undosa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Synedra undosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |