193 lines
24 KiB
XML
193 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="CB1DA1E274174D053C45DC196DD95D0A" ID-CLB-Dataset="63548" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6610922" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7c540c0e-42b4-40f1-982f-0ef4d0c28e77" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-93-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6610922" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654195746118" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2014" docId="BD4CCC617621FFE8FA67F6EAE77AF461" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_4_Delphinidae_0410.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 4 Sea Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Lagenodelphis hosei Fraser 1956" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="503" masterDocId="4175B419762FFFE7FFAAFFFEE608FFEC" masterDocTitle="Delphinidae" masterLastPageNumber="526" masterPageNumber="410" pageNumber="502" updateTime="1699338792597" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="3FCC4257995EEA58490BE4DFA77ABDB0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="3BD567D6EAD5C71FEB0BE8B1B6252D4D">
|
||
<mods:title id="172DFDA336F47AAABC7B5FE544734463">Delphinidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="01DF965E9900406E6042CCBAFB06F0F1" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="CB0CB49B27DFDFD60907F878D4B25BF8">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B66D1B40C6E6F610E888222C1B8BC4C7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5659B0981376193A9B453D72A4BC9619">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="5E96402432870FA446F3F506ED6AB04E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="EA75108FD15B4102CC5122210F084347">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BEFCD45A04FD9AC71F44CECE1DD799B6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A815F51ED45F5C049257A6B9687AE6DC">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="2E1E9A78211AA086A50BEF303BE17F19">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="873A16FB532D0E0BAE8ABC5542E4E2B8" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="D64796CBA452B9C490AC1EAB5558A9E3">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="7F5A04A927AD3792797171928E85AFA6">2014</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="98261B9CB2EDC7929B41C851CF2CD16F" type="pubDate">2014-07-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="40A884889E3AC1FEAEA9B4B963973774">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="FF06B048E870B47A0268479C625D61DF">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="0F7CD838AD8E1F3FD8F838807CD625C1">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="F7B0302D055563C8D4F0975E66645C1B">
|
||
<mods:title id="92E8DE52507E41F13FD9485AAC11447C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 4 Sea Mammals</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="3AE7BE6CB30533B50970CEB5D227840F">
|
||
<mods:extent id="A76A4F70FA7112E677589966D1BE3916" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="9C946B7B7712B7999FBA19279C6DD21C">410</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="86C3938C5FA0A92CF36064E320913771">526</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="B08DA9922EB88F054E3916BF64DA5CB3">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D5F4ECB40A18C9863F675944B6167F73" type="CLB-Dataset">63548</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7602ECE3ABA37ED27C2ED14F8E682F34" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6610922</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6A5EF41274837253BB7C2ED6D155BA60" type="GBIF-Dataset">7c540c0e-42b4-40f1-982f-0ef4d0c28e77</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FA9214B04AF8312A89D2B3B4346EC2F0" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-93-4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D708A642A3AD78F2FFC3ECF130718CD6" type="Zenodo-Dep">6610922</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="BD4CCC617621FFE8FA67F6EAE77AF461" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6611103" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195730927" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6611103" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD4CCC617621FFE8FA67F6EAE77AF461" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD4CCC617621FFE8FA67F6EAE77AF461" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="503" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7621FFE9FA67F6EAE00BF6AE" box="[1485,1539,2324,2370]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777621FFE9FA67F6EAE00BF6AE" blockId="14.[1480,2646,2324,2492]" box="[1485,1539,2324,2370]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<heading id="6E12CA1B7621FFE9FA67F6EAE00BF6AE" box="[1485,1539,2324,2370]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADDE61F27621FFE9FA67F6EAE00BF6AE" box="[1485,1539,2324,2370]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="13.[102,132,3415,3440]" captionTargetBox="[12,2767,13,3655]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="On following pages: 11. Long-beaked Common Dolphin (Delphinus capensis); 12. Fraser's Dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosel); 13. Tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis); 14. Guiana Dolphin (Sotalia guianensis); 15. Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin (Sousa chinensis); 16. Atlantic Humpback Dolphin (Sousa teuszii)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6611003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6611003/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">12.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7621FFE9F9BEF6EAE163F6AE" box="[1556,1899,2324,2370]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777621FFE9F9BEF6EAE163F6AE" blockId="14.[1480,2646,2324,2492]" box="[1556,1899,2324,2370]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<heading id="6E12CA1B7621FFE9F9BEF6EAE163F6AE" box="[1556,1899,2324,2370]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<vernacularName id="BBE60D597621FFE9F9BEF6EAE163F6AE" box="[1556,1899,2324,2370]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">Fraser's Dolphin</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7621FFE9F819F6EAEF1AF6AE" box="[1971,2322,2324,2370]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777621FFE9F819F6EAEF1AF6AE" blockId="14.[1480,2646,2324,2492]" box="[1971,2322,2324,2370]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<heading id="6E12CA1B7621FFE9F819F6EAEF1AF6AE" box="[1971,2322,2324,2370]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F47621FFE9F819F6EAEF1AF6AE" ID-CoL="3RWMF" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1956" box="[1971,2322,2324,2370]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Lagenodelphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hosei">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A1657621FFE9F819F6EAEF1AF6AE" box="[1971,2322,2324,2370]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">Lagenodelphis hosei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7621FFE9FA63F6AAE097F654" pageId="14" pageNumber="502" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777621FFE9FA63F6AAEEE3F685" blockId="14.[1480,2646,2324,2492]" box="[1481,2283,2388,2409]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<heading id="6E12CA1B7621FFE9FA63F6AAEEE3F685" box="[1481,2283,2388,2409]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A1657621FFE9FA63F6AAE01DF685" bold="true" box="[1481,1557,2388,2409]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="BBE60D597621FFE9F9B4F6AAE0DCF685" box="[1566,1748,2388,2409]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">Dauphin de Fraser</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A1657621FFE9F942F6AAE14AF685" bold="true" box="[1768,1858,2388,2409]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="BBE60D597621FFE9F8E6F6AAE1DBF685" box="[1868,2003,2388,2409]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">Borneo-Delfin</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A1657621FFE9F843F6AAEE4CF685" bold="true" box="[2025,2116,2388,2409]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="BBE60D597621FFE9F7E4F6AAEEE3F685" box="[2126,2283,2388,2409]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">Delfin de Fraser</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777621FFE9FA63F682E097F654" blockId="14.[1480,2646,2324,2492]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<heading id="6E12CA1B7621FFE9FA63F682E097F654" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A1657621FFE9FA63F682E0B7F67D" bold="true" box="[1481,1727,2428,2449]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="BBE60D597621FFE9F960F682E178F67D" box="[1738,1904,2428,2449]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">Bornean Dolphin</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="BBE60D597621FFE9F8D4F682EE21F67D" box="[1918,2089,2428,2449]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">Fraser's Porpoise</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="BBE60D597621FFE9F79DF682EEC5F67D" box="[2103,2253,2428,2449]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">Hose's Dolphin</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="BBE60D597621FFE9F771F682EF8BF67D" box="[2267,2435,2428,2449]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">Sarawak Dolphin</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="BBE60D597621FFE9F63AF682EC5AF67D" box="[2448,2642,2428,2449]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">Shortsnout Dolphin</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="BBE60D597621FFE9FA62F65DE097F654" box="[1480,1695,2467,2488]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">White-bellied Dolphin</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7621FFE9F79CF617EE88F5C2" pageId="14" pageNumber="502" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777621FFE9F79CF617EE88F5C2" blockId="14.[2102,2684,2537,2960]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A1657621FFE9F79CF617EED9F5EA" bold="true" box="[2102,2257,2537,2566]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F47621FFE9F75EF617EE73F5C2" ID-CoL="3RWMF" authority="Fraser" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1956" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Lagenodelphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hosei">Lagenodelphis hosei Fraser, 1956</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7621FFE9F721F5EBEC52F5C2" box="[2187,2650,2581,2606]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777621FFE9F721F5EBEC52F5C2" blockId="14.[2102,2684,2537,2960]" box="[2187,2650,2581,2606]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="858D772A7621FFE9F721F5EBEC52F5C2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3802895320" box="[2187,2650,2581,2606]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">mouth of Lutong River, Malaysia.</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7621FFE9F79CF5CAEFA8F5B9" box="[2102,2464,2612,2645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777621FFE9F79CF5CAEFA8F5B9" blockId="14.[2102,2684,2537,2960]" box="[2102,2464,2612,2645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7621FFE9F79CF5A5EEB7F520" pageId="14" pageNumber="502" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="619A2DFF7621FFE9F79CF5A5EEB7F520" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6610952" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6610952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6610952/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[1484,2074,2539,2953]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777621FFE9F79CF5A5EEB7F520" blockId="14.[2102,2684,2537,2960]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A1657621FFE9F79CF5A5EEEEF590" bold="true" box="[2102,2278,2651,2684]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Tropical and subtropical distribution in all major oceans from ¢.30° N to ¢.30° S.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7621FFE8F79DF52FE797FE89" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="503" pageId="14" pageNumber="502" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777621FFE8F79DF52FE797FE89" blockId="14.[2102,2684,2537,2960]" lastBlockId="15.[115,1323,288,2959]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="503" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A1657621FFE9F79DF52FEF45F51E" bold="true" box="[2103,2381,2769,2802]" pageId="14" pageNumber="502">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Total length up to 270 cm (males) and up to 260 cm (females); weight over 210 kg. Neonates are 100-110 cm long and weigh 15-20 kg. Fraser’s Dolphin has robust, stocky build; short, nearly triangular, slightly falcate dorsal fin (more triangular in adult males); and small, slender flippers with pointed tips. Beak is short and stubby but well defined. Male Fraser’s Dolphins may have large post-anal protrusion. Back and flanks are dark gray or brown, and belly, throat, and lower jaw are white, sometimes with pinkish tinge. Beak tips and lips are dark, and there is dark longitudinal stripe between beak tip and melon base. Dark lateral stripe extending from face to urogenital area along gray-white border characterizes Fraser’s Dolphin. This lateral stripe only becomesvisible at pre-pubescence or pubescence and tends to be wider in older individuals, especially males. There is also stripe that runs from lower jaw to leading edge offlipper joint. In adults, this stripe merges with lateral stripe, giving appearance of black facemask. Young Fraser’s Dolphins are paler, have more muted pattern, and do not have prominent lateral band or facemask. White areas also tend to be especially pinkish. Atlantic populations of Fraser’s Dolphin tend to be larger in size, with a less prominent lateral stripe. There are 38-44 pairs of conical teeth in each jaw.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7620FFE8FFDEFE95E559FBC6" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777620FFE8FFDEFE95E559FBC6" blockId="15.[115,1323,288,2959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A1657620FFE8FFDEFE95E6EBFE60" bold="true" box="[116,227,363,396]" pageId="15" pageNumber="503">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Prefer deep offshore waters with depths of more than 1000 m but also occur in near-shore waters, as shallow as 100 m orless, close to deep water along coasts. Fraser's Dolphins are typically found in tropical and subtropical regions, and they seem to occur only as a vagrant in waters around France and the UK. They are more abundant in equatorial areas of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and less common in the Atlantic Ocean, but this could be because of disparities in survey effort. Fraser’s Dolphins use near-shore waters, close to deep waters, off coasts of the Philippines, Taiwan, some Caribbean Islands, and the Indo-Malay Archipelago. In equatorial regions of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, abundance is associated with upwelling and warm subtropical surface water. This habitat is shared with the Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus), the Short-finned Pilot Whale (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F47620FFE8FD8EFD0BE587FCFA" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1846" box="[548,911,757,790]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Globicephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrorhynchus">Globicephala macrorhynchus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Short-beaked Common Dolphin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F47620FFE8FF55FCE3E7E0FCD2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[255,488,797,830]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Delphinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delphis">Delphinus delphis</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Striped Dolphin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F47620FFE8FC84FCE3E233FCD2" baseAuthorityName="Meyen" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[814,1083,797,830]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Mycosphaerellaceae" genus="Stenella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="coeruleoalba">Stenella coeruleoalba</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the Melonheaded Whale (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F47620FFE8FEF2FCB6E47BFC89" box="[344,627,840,869]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Peponocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="electra">Peponocephala electra</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Habitat in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean is partitioned among these species and those that prefer tropical surface water characterized by a shallow, mixed layer and a shallow, sharp thermocline: the Pantropical Spotted Dolphin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F47620FFE8FED8FC44E455FC37" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[370,605,954,987]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Mycosphaerellaceae" genus="Stenella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="attenuata">Stenella attenuata</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Spinner Dolphin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F47620FFE8FC01FC44E2AFFC37" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[939,1191,954,987]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Mycosphaerellaceae" genus="Stenella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="longirostris">Stenella longirostris</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the Rough-toothed Dolphin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F47620FFE8FE76FC1CE4CAFBEF" baseAuthorityName="G. Cuvier in Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[476,706,994,1027]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Steno" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bredanensis">Steno bredanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Fraser's Dolphin is also associated with the warm water of the Agulhas Current off South Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7620FFE8FFDFFBCAE272F9EF" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777620FFE8FFDFFBCAE272F9EF" blockId="15.[115,1323,288,2959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A1657620FFE8FFDFFBCAE773FBBD" bold="true" box="[117,379,1076,1105]" pageId="15" pageNumber="503">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Fraser’s Dolphins prefer mesopelagic fish, squid, and crustaceans. Myctophids and chauliodontids seem to be the dominant prey families off the Philippines. Preferred squid genera include Abraliopsis,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F47620FFE8FC94FB81E5E6FB4C" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1818" box="[830,1006,1151,1184]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Onychoteuthidae" genus="Onychoteuthis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oegopsida" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onychoteuthis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F47620FFE8FBABFB81E2A9FB4C" authorityName="d'Orbigny [in Ferussac & d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1841" box="[1025,1185,1151,1184]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Histioteuthidae" genus="Histioteuthis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oegopsida" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Histioteuthis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Chiroteuthis. Preferred crustaceans include Notostomus elegans, Acanthephyra quadrispinosa, and A. carinata. Fraser’s Dolphin is thought to be a deep diver and forages at depths up to 600 m, but it also has been observed foraging at the water’s surface. This suggests a degree of foraging plasticity, and an ability to exploit a wide area of the water column. Distribution of Fraser’s Dolphin overlaps with that of Risso’s Dolphin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F47620FFE8FBE6FABAE313FA89" baseAuthorityName="G. Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1812" box="[1100,1307,1348,1381]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Grampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseus">Grampus griseus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the Pantropical Spotted Dolphin, and the three species seem to partition their habitat by preferred foraging zones. Fraser’s Dolphin tends to exploit deeper mesopelagic and benthic zones, Risso’s Dolphin tends to exploit shallower zones, and the Pantropical Spotted Dolphin tends to forage closer to the water’s surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7620FFE8FFDFF9F3E739F924" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777620FFE8FFDFF9F3E739F924" blockId="15.[115,1323,288,2959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A1657620FFE8FFDFF9F3E6F2F9C6" bold="true" box="[117,250,1549,1578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="503">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Mating system of Fraser’s Dolphin is thought to be promiscuous. Breeding is known to peak during spring and autumn offJapan and during summer off South Africa. Gestation is thought to be ¢.12-5 months, and birth interval is c.2 years. Males reach sexual maturity at 7-10 years of age, and females at 5-8 years. Longevity is at least 19 years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7620FFE8FFD9F930E554F889" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777620FFE8FFD9F930E554F889" blockId="15.[115,1323,288,2959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A1657620FFE8FFD9F930E76BF903" bold="true" box="[115,355,1742,1775]" pageId="15" pageNumber="503">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Fraser’s Dolphins are generally shy and do not readily approach boats. They are not known to bow-ride in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, but they may occasionally do so in other regions. Fraser’s Dolphin is a fast swimmer and may make long, low leaps out of the water while traveling.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7620FFE8FFDFF88EE5D6F7C6" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777620FFE8FFDFF88EE5D6F7C6" blockId="15.[115,1323,288,2959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A1657620FFE8FFDFF88EE54FF861" bold="true" box="[117,839,1904,1933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="503">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Fraser’s Dolphin travels in large groups of several hundred or thousands of individuals. These groups may be mixedspecies and can include Melon-headed Whales, Short-finned Pilot Whales, Risso’s Dolphins, Spinner Dolphins, Pantropical Spotted Dolphins, Common Bottlenose Dolphins (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E506F47620FFE8FF72F7F7E7C7F7C6" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[216,463,2057,2090]" class="Mammalia" family="Delphinidae" genus="Tursiops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="truncatus">Tursiops truncatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and sometimes even Sperm Whales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7620FFE8FFDCF7CEE788F4FA" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777620FFE8FFDCF7CEE788F4FA" blockId="15.[115,1323,288,2959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A1657620FFE8FFDCF7CEE7E8F7BD" bold="true" box="[118,480,2096,2129]" pageId="15" pageNumber="503">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Fraser's Dolphin is widespread and abundant. Global abundance estimate is more than 300,000 individuals, and there are no major known threats or reported population declines. There are 289,300 individuals in eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, 16,836 individuals in Hawaiian waters, 13,518 individuals off the Philippines and in the Sulu Sea, and 726 individuals in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Fraser’s Dolphin may be opportunistically taken in hand-harpoon fisheries throughout the Lesser Antilles; off Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Philippines, and Taiwan; and likely in much of the Indo-Pacific Ocean. They are also occasionally taken in Taiwanese and Japanese drive fisheries. In the Philippines, they may be used as bait in other fisheries and human consumption. Fisheries operating from northern Mindanao and Palawan kill ¢.800 Fraser’s Dolphins/year. Fraser’s Dolphins are occasionally caught incidentally in tuna purse seines in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, but the catch rate seems to be low. Between 1971 and 1975, 26 Fraser’s Dolphins were reported killed by this fishery. They may also be caught in gillnets and driftnets in Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Ghana, and likely other regions throughout the tropical Pacific Ocean. Fraser’s Dolphins sometimes are caught in trap nets offJapan and anti-shark nets around South Africa. Organochlorine contaminants such as PCBs may be a threat in some areas of industrialized Asia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DFF2EFC7620FFE8FFDCF4DBE77AF461" pageId="15" pageNumber="503" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="355A7D777620FFE8FFDCF4DBE77AF461" blockId="15.[115,1323,288,2959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<emphasis id="0791A1657620FFE8FFDCF4DBE707F4D2" bold="true" box="[118,271,2853,2878]" pageId="15" pageNumber="503">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Dolar (2009), Dolar et al. (2003), Hammond et al. (2008i), Jefferson et al. (2008), Minh et al. (2000), Perrin, Leatherwood & Collet (1994), Wang, J.Y. & Yang Shihchu (2007), Wang Mingchih et al. (2012), Weir, C.R. et al. (2008).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |