1076 lines
116 KiB
XML
1076 lines
116 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="7842" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a8bdd92-7bf8-44fb-8e8e-5c300df51a20" ID-PMC="PMC7960689" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1022-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="68BD3D925B855ABF88815B4929B5C6E0" ID-PubMed="33762866" ID-ZooBank="C0A606CC48EC43CBA7F30D62D8125F13" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1022-13" checkinTime="1615237465398" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hazzi, Nicolas A. & Hormiga, Gustavo" docDate="2021" docId="75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1022: 13-50" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1022" docPubDate="2021-03-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571" docTitle="Phoneutria boliviensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="68BD3D925B855ABF88815B4929B5C6E0" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="68BD3D925B855ABF88815B4929B5C6E0" masterDocTitle="Morphological and molecular evidence support the taxonomic separation of the medically important Neotropical spiders Phoneutria depilata (Strand, 1909) and P. boliviensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) (Araneae, Ctenidae)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1732822685033" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="66C373BE28E7A7D0BB17C4598D9C6A96">Morphological and molecular evidence support the taxonomic separation of the medically important Neotropical spiders Phoneutria depilata (Strand, 1909) and P. boliviensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) (Araneae, Ctenidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6BDAA2A1F429AD3C6128451E43616112">Hazzi, Nicolas A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FABC5D8044C6CB7BE0833A1CB1E11E73">The George Washington University, Department of Biological Sciences, Washington, D. C. 20052, USA & Fundacion Ecotonos, Cra 72 No. 13 ª- 56, Cali, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1358714D73AD7D8B10B640526991E8A4" type="email">nicolashazzi@gwu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B3847A4EA29E690A1FAB462A9A471D41">Hormiga, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2B5F4A8F3B70E00E3F6C53379B499602">The George Washington University, Department of Biological Sciences, Washington, D. C. 20052, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E30EF9B0CE678F47AFC1016A86BACEF1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="044336B61B2815A13CACB6477A9DADDE">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8D7673C64CC4B8C88E672575F56A2737">2021-03-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EDAE259578FFC22E103E751BDA9087EC">1022</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="55A6427785A49EB98638CA922544F0B6">13</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="02E3D6C7F50EC5F45140CD8CDE6ACE08">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="3C53843FCAA6D936314A1104FB0D7D4B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9697CD6983D3B5F5B150F3DE77572B5D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180301621" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" scope_family="Ctenidae" scope_order="Araneae">
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<subSubSection id="55CAAF37BDB68F45FB787A6480C55B90" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="651EC78D2C2FDEBBD6D8EC5BD3DF7EBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="B53BB57179CDB2953DF944753D4E6005" ID-CoL="4GQ5X" LSID="75AE4976-01C5-5301-9B20-17C8CBEFC593" authority="(F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">Phoneutria boliviensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897)</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation id="2528A11A8426DE9847E9545EC0B78CA9" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A-D Habitus of Phoneutria spp. A female of P. depilata with eggs sac (from Chiriqui, Panama) B female of P. depilata (from Barro Colorado Island, Panama) C female of P. boliviensis (from Madre de Dios, Peru) D male of P. boliviensis (from Napo, Ecuador)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure1a-d" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517655" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figs 1C, D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="7342D61E02E7D3635A7E33E7716FE2B5" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A, B dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. boliviensis (male from from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru) C, D dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. depilata (male from Chiriqui, Panama). Scale bars: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517659" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA4FE212683E0B849B76495E64039E7" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 5A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="C9E2ED45614478429477CC575B5DDBCC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Phoneutria boliviensis (Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), female genitalia A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view. CD = copulatory duct, ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, ELF = epigynal lateral field, ELG = epigynal lateral guide, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517661" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="82D28FB269D61F8FFE3BFD2DA6DDA4AA" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 9A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="1737FDB4EDD8A9AC597E3E3CD9701533" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. A, B epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) C, D epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria depilata (from Caimito, Esmeraldas, Ecuador). ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scales bars: 0.20 mm (A), 0.20 mm (B), 0.30 mm (C), 0.30 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517665" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 10A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F96C78D95C9987AE0715B6A92A4C68A" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="D6998793872C00620B9B68C4FF856AF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC25056A7D6423A76386211B4C7D2A0" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">Ctenus boliviensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
: F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897: 80, pl. 3, (female
|
||
<typeStatus id="8ECAF1F6F61355DDBF8ABCBA6904E54C">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from Madre de Dios,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9F12474A0DD5589D642893CF38415A8" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, fig. 3a-c (male), The Natural History Museum, London not found; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="581FADD298D2864DE3B89BF82F530F68" author="Schiapelli, RD" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B79" refString="Schiapelli, RD, Gerschman, de PBS, 1973. Diagnosis of Phoneutria reidyi (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) and of Phoneutria boliviensis (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) Araneae, Ctenidae. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina." title="Diagnosis of Phoneutria reidyi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) and of Phoneutria boliviensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) Araneae, Ctenidae. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina." year="1973">Schiapelli and Gerschman de Pikelin 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 36, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7A2BEF4001717AF81D800455D39F9DA" author="Simo, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B83" refString="Simo, M, Brescovit, AD, 2001. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 67 - 82" title="Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae." volume="12" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F2B815B938439C9775527CC77C16C815" originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
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and Brescovit 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 74.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8709B8B6EAB7A99B76A7628CF03C7ADB" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD8FB815DA24D2BA61B75479CBFEE86C" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus nigriventroides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriventroides">Ctenus nigriventroides</taxonomicName>
|
||
Strand, 1907: 426 (female
|
||
<typeStatus id="3891208F571B161286D8B7559B00D03C">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="64E772E8A893CE34920E4677191270F0" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Museum
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1920F3897E3F2ABA5875654D36A9DC5D" originalValue="für">fuer</normalizedToken>
|
||
Natur und Umwelt der Hansestadt,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E951964FE372558B920B733C96B156E1" originalValue="Lübeck">Luebeck</normalizedToken>
|
||
presumed lost; see Eickstedt 1979: 111, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3ED9ACAE4195A1C1237D1B263E2A931E" author="Simo, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B83" refString="Simo, M, Brescovit, AD, 2001. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 67 - 82" title="Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae." volume="12" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="49CA2D96BFA383A01690C70DEF1B9843" originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
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and Brescovit 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 74).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB79FB3A9B3DA1272AB088D432C441B" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D616D0C66009A97165B677477326EE37" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638352" collectingDate="1907-03-14" collectionCode="ZMB" collectorName="Sara, W. & J. Steinbach & Sara & Dpto. Sta. Cruz de la Sierra & Steinbach" country="Bolivia" elevation="60" location="Bolivia" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488B915712B43DE209B618C30B7B73C6" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1909" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus valdehirsutulus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valdehirsutulus">Ctenus valdehirsutulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Strand, 1910: 318 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="F7A95ED514D5FB5EF4514093C84DADDE">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: female from
|
||
<collectorName id="FFB5FF484C5FDB9964746FE2DAF91FCA">Sara, W.</collectorName>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5F3D0BF4520D4EFE8DB6BF0CEAC5BF4B" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="95E76C2362C1AC42C20D4A2A791A72C1" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">
|
||
<elevation id="452ED9F475CE5FB405CB54E3D32A5E0D" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD41A619A6B4937EE32879B9641AC46D" value="1907-03-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="2074DA8D6D65E854763ABE3AAA2CCF87" value="1907-03-14">14 March 1907</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="057E490267BB574C4ABCFEC618478D77">J. Steinbach</collectorName>
|
||
leg., in
|
||
<accessionNumber id="36009B2612711D29255272A587D3B1AB" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/ZMB30615">
|
||
<collectionCode id="23F8E9738C1332443419E601575AB9C3" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum f<>r Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
30615
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
; female from
|
||
<collectorName id="EAAE13C919A5A3D1CEC3F07BDC086D8D">Sara</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="B06FDBC5B7C99515E56447CD85C0EE20">Dpto. Sta. Cruz de la Sierra</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A23DA0004F1F9F86B8958561B30C890B" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="CDA856ADCC4A4498187E8E197C9DAE0B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">
|
||
<elevation id="D12D8327336A342888771D44D33A402B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="A04488C9C8DA79B9604F27B46C58E501">Steinbach</collectorName>
|
||
, in
|
||
<accessionNumber id="F7209C90BF8C654FDE86F7DD500C9264" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/ZMB30616">
|
||
<collectionCode id="07FC65E1A6400D59C96B5D12D7E145F5" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum f<>r Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
30616
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="30BBABD1F467CEDB594E77343D49FCA5" author="Simo, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B83" refString="Simo, M, Brescovit, AD, 2001. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 67 - 82" title="Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae." volume="12" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="715A8B3F51CFB090795419A8C53205A3" originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
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and Brescovit 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 74)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA1862FF4597DB5C60EA1ED191EC4251" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15EBFE56B82F0B8709CAE54F1044441B" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus nigriventoides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriventoides">Ctenus nigriventoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Petrunkevitch, 1911: 475 (only citation of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3228C7EFB68960F3DA5CE86761784D5A" author="Strand, E" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer Naturwissenschaften" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="422 - 431" refId="B84" refString="Strand, E, 1907. Ueber drei Clubioniden und eine Pisauride vom Sorata in den Cordilleren (Guenther leg., Museum Luebeck). Zeitschrift fuer Naturwissenschaften 79: 422 - 431" title="Ueber drei Clubioniden und eine Pisauride vom Sorata in den Cordilleren (Guenther leg., Museum Luebeck)." volume="79" year="1907">Strand 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), 735.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D1FA96912F82B68BB6291DB100B09BBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4ABCA9E157BE06B67A06B677D3A1905C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638301" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="O. Hohenemser" country="Chile" location="Chile" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF129AD757B2F22E8A0201655BEC9F0A" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1916" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus chilesicus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilesicus">Ctenus chilesicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Strand, 1915: 128 (female
|
||
<typeStatus id="CCF7655FCCE9C4B8A1FBA16CE2D127F8">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DD13D62C536C7AEABCA3EBAD320149AF" name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1902,
|
||
<collectorName id="841AF8B213E558836B869BF8190331FA">O. Hohenemser</collectorName>
|
||
leg., in SMF-4557)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1EE5214BFCC32311CE797D0F79BC852C" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD7BB35054C6D052D45CE9CCC6CD2CB" baseAuthorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">Phoneutria boliviensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Schmidt, 1954: 414; 1956: 28;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7D2DA89052BFBD2CF5D9686934D97471" originalValue="Bücherl">Buecherl</normalizedToken>
|
||
1968: 188; 1969a: 49;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="833137AC5513D6683C90A07E45F7700B" author="Schiapelli, RD" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B79" refString="Schiapelli, RD, Gerschman, de PBS, 1973. Diagnosis of Phoneutria reidyi (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) and of Phoneutria boliviensis (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) Araneae, Ctenidae. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina." title="Diagnosis of Phoneutria reidyi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) and of Phoneutria boliviensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) Araneae, Ctenidae. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina." year="1973">Schiapelli and Gerschman de Pikelin 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 31, 33-38 (redescription male and female).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D872B93851A9EA551481442D99A07AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="243FB43BF06CF4A07890B5F67C85C27E" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria nigriventroides" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriventroides">Phoneutria nigriventroides</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bonnet, 1958: 3621 (in part, only material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E78535DDCED7C1A53D0AA33D181B8AB2" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
); Eickstedt 1979: 111.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28320E65F691CE991927DB815F7A39C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="neotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="E9308AA8648E530918C8A0188B93F0A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<typeStatus id="3C0A1D711CCEB3272F0EFD79550B5368">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A04EE1882E9F55352DF4F4C889600A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="40302CD8BB54BEAEB5EB6AE0EFF96EC9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
(herein designated; see comments below).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="53D79B405CBC2696FF1BBFF33BF7E00E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638302" collectingDate="2019-09-20" collectorName="N. Hazzi" country="Peru" county="Male" elevation="260" latitude="-12.2259" location="Finca Las Piedras" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-69.1142" municipality="Puerto Maldonado" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 54118" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madre de Dios" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7F93B9E69C3352776B303146170FEB99" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="5E4A6E6A8FEE07447D0BD432CABEBB12">Male</collectingCounty>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C7D37AC950E3C477086DF5E51AC4C6F6" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="0211EA9B19E54DA499D7E8D1D6770AFA">Puerto Maldonado</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="9EFAF980175C8302401ED70158E4F144" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:9EFAF980175C8302401ED70158E4F144" country="Peru" county="Male" latitude="-12.2259" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-69.1142" municipality="Puerto Maldonado" name="Finca Las Piedras" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Finca Las Piedras</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C683A3C117562C568194603304AC4402" degrees="12.2259" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-12.2259">12.2259°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9B245C4D1E736918FE51FB30AB3A1FA6" degrees="69.1142" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-69.1142">69.1142°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7EB92B6420DBA709658B9252B331F870" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="260.0">
|
||
<elevation id="DC631883A4A634D24A25E2671DB233A7" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="260.0">260 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="1062F22558F3694FC4AC4E2C2F93D031" value="2019-09-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="7039C482EA2A6F26AA852EBB5E8A52F8" value="2019-09-20">20.IX.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="A0E054C8A9B3082AD8E5879B5897DCF3">N. Hazzi</collectorName>
|
||
coll. (
|
||
<specimenCode id="05DD20B57A5A9B0373E1517F024C8FD9" collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 54118</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="901D53CCBFDEDCA2288E189B2CC581D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="justification of the neotype designation">
|
||
<paragraph id="95978843C0A1DCD6128AB8A439F6B77E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Justification of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8B9A70EE181D4BAB59C4112DC78E2397">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A7F506F3DC3A166D3E93BAFABFC43F5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="FDBED5D470DFE6424F7C1BD1867FFBC6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638322" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="ICZN" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" location="Natural History Museum" municipality="The" specimenCode="ICZN 1999" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Madre de Dios" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
We have designated a
|
||
<typeStatus id="D787CEF7FC19D4DCF88CB3949EF3ADD4">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A63132E2AF72D17195D2B2AD284F0F77" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="435FCA023C584A1FE161F244910B6514" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in accordance with Article 75 of the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="41AA8E9C4FD408B58A80A3FED57CA425">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="27C361280DE8ACBA255919826FB13D65" collectionCode="ICZN">ICZN 1999</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B084211499EA582A71DB1D8B6A19DA81">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64B90ED5511709C72406DCA672153D61" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="653BF15F162742480162D7A81956337C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ctenus boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered lost after examination of the spider material at the
|
||
<location id="6E8996FE675317B75412681E2F2A1CE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:6E8996FE675317B75412681E2F2A1CE8" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="Natural History Museum" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Natural History Museum</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="4C5BCAC6596E9B4EC262C34F846D91A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:4C5BCAC6596E9B4EC262C34F846D91A6" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="London" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">London</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D2A49E830A21FA512339138D3CCDE6C" author="Simo, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B83" refString="Simo, M, Brescovit, AD, 2001. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 67 - 82" title="Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae." volume="12" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D458AC9A2504DD345D323688908415A0" originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Brescovit 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8AD4E4C8129BA545821F9DCA648358FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:8AD4E4C8129BA545821F9DCA648358FC" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="The" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">The</location>
|
||
epigynum of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="72477C4B9814A91AC2F3AF9D1239AC28">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
female was reported to be damaged by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6395F8C6D80F68D693B2E533188D7BE7" author="Schiapelli, RD" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B79" refString="Schiapelli, RD, Gerschman, de PBS, 1973. Diagnosis of Phoneutria reidyi (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) and of Phoneutria boliviensis (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) Araneae, Ctenidae. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina." title="Diagnosis of Phoneutria reidyi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) and of Phoneutria boliviensis (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) Araneae, Ctenidae. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina." year="1973">Schiapelli and Gerschman (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="D681A2956AD58B32377F2764DCEC7A7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:D681A2956AD58B32377F2764DCEC7A7F" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="In" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">In</location>
|
||
absence of type material, we consider necessary to designate a
|
||
<typeStatus id="40514CB80B0C1BB0E38EFD154ADAE246">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
to clarify the taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4EC2E9407293F02F4DEE616D1B721266" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A33F9FF87FEB00A81A5C7902A99A7D40" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="E8F76697637209CC9B304560EF639882" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:E8F76697637209CC9B304560EF639882" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="Although" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Although</location>
|
||
the original type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5823549772D2B7A9D151766A7DA03F02" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3B02C6517521F2A6CAC4B9FC97F3021E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the
|
||
<location id="B97947E3E41E0A7D8CED0804AAA352AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:B97947E3E41E0A7D8CED0804AAA352AF" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="Madre de Dios" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</location>
|
||
area of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E01016F57D882513EF5AF3875645639A" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(F.O.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5DF205D46972B1963F09198D71E63594" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939708680507" author="Pickard Cambridge, FO" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="52 - 106" refId="B68" refString="Pickard Cambridge, FO, 1897. VII.- On cteniform spiders from the Lower Amazons and other regions of North and South America, with list of all known species of these groups hitherto recorded from the New World. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 19 (109): 52 - 106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939708680507" title="VII. - On cteniform spiders from the Lower Amazons and other regions of North and South America, with list of all known species of these groups hitherto recorded from the New World." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939708680507" volume="19" year="1897">Pickard-Cambridge 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the locality of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="1621828CE2CBA6E2D21AC9A313114D06">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E8C8A2F49941E7ED659AE5086BE7A70" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
) belongs to the same region.
|
||
<location id="DE9C4D515D6DE2B951C0A80B3ECE9A3C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:DE9C4D515D6DE2B951C0A80B3ECE9A3C" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="The region" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">The region</location>
|
||
takes its name from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="97501F7BCFED51E52E2F5C06B8914B58" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
river, which is part of the
|
||
<location id="B2CDCA3077A57264009D519D3FF5AB59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:B2CDCA3077A57264009D519D3FF5AB59" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="Amazon river" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Amazon river</location>
|
||
watershed.
|
||
<location id="F5F6762EF69FFBBC8C8599C42F7BE8C4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:F5F6762EF69FFBBC8C8599C42F7BE8C4" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="The" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">The</location>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="84864A1339F1092D0BE43FB69C61B3E3" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
basin spreads across
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7714F829C06E5C75320084A4C8588F3B" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECB23FA21761622F5E42CA9510BD858E" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="06A05541F5DD9C9BFF656A97C35C77A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:06A05541F5DD9C9BFF656A97C35C77A2" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="This area" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">This area</location>
|
||
is called
|
||
<location id="654DD7BA922BF61B5549798F38843310" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:654DD7BA922BF61B5549798F38843310" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="Inambari" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Inambari</location>
|
||
and is considered as a single biogeographic area because of its unique composition of species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DEA68435286A47167D0D46ABA2A85212" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00705.x" author="Da Silva, JMC" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="689 - 694" refId="B27" refString="Da Silva, JMC, Rylands, AB, Da Fonseca, GAB, 2005. The fate of the Amazonian areas of endemism. Conservation Biology 19 (3): 689 - 694, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00705.x" title="The fate of the Amazonian areas of endemism." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00705.x" volume="19" year="2005">Da Silva et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="04F5C5BA0077CCCEFBB7FAC24BCA6000" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:04F5C5BA0077CCCEFBB7FAC24BCA6000" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="In" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">In</location>
|
||
addition, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4BCC6EA14D4E35F60313BAED0C028551">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is very close to the
|
||
<location id="F3CA8CC6F3B5412345383AEA3B397355" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:F3CA8CC6F3B5412345383AEA3B397355" country="Bolivia" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" municipality="The" name="Bolivian" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Bolivian</location>
|
||
border (
|
||
<quantity id="5127025FFEDDCD7B40F2B7FA2C1424A6" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
in linear distance)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="03820F1AC8BB31B1B4B4728C527BC641" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B00049B8F89A4662004066DABDBF5F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="103C9213CABA02470A64DB0A7A64E2D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="0B8022B4610FE4CF1698AEB71DE8899D">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="83F184C5D7D381E1406B9FC9FC507484" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus valderhirsutulus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valderhirsutulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9E69F34802B6074DD7FB05FCB24E6A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ctenus valderhirsutulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were revised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D373FD315925683BE48A70259299C042" author="Simo, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B83" refString="Simo, M, Brescovit, AD, 2001. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 67 - 82" title="Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae." volume="12" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DBE6A0F1CBADFF8B67661794786234E6" originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Brescovit (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and this species was deemed to be a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A95361B64565B54A2A2007E11AB3EC4C" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria bolivienesis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivienesis">
|
||
<emphasis id="48576B3CDAA0A44888D87EC62246E8B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria bolivienesis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="186CCC31048E7B9BEE91AB3F657CBC9A">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A03387E0069D15A8C017E5221C3F8A38" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus valderhirsutulus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valderhirsutulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A971C1F94A8CC96F46D5929478F024FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ctenus valderhirsutulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the Sara Province of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6DA0E6AC6E6FA660693D5913CA7F59EC" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="864437D397D8CFEBDCF90936EA8CEB7A" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz">Santa Cruz Department</collectingRegion>
|
||
) are within the distribution area of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6312181DECA58A557624CABABDDC023" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria bolivienesis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivienesis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C337D7DB9F021E9DC611DAFECAD0FFF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria bolivienesis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which corroborates the synonymy proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B143A6FABEAD72DBC632E6F7CF82973" author="Simo, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B83" refString="Simo, M, Brescovit, AD, 2001. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 67 - 82" title="Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae." volume="12" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2A90D90FF729D761193A41FDEE4E3E06" originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Brescovit (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37E1DAC6D9AFF20283D17BCF9E424D1D" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1916" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus chilesicus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilesicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7D814EA1036AE3F21B5E1B2FC5D0B1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ctenus chilesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comes from an undisclosed locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1A9EB42E8C147F4CF092E9CDF120306F" name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
and was deemed to be conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FBFE43E919F829B69B6A71AB1CFEEED" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria bolivienesis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivienesis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A34A5681D27649BF4EF92F3D261189C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria bolivienesis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="04AF5149D12AA6599EE2CF478FB4B0A5" author="Simo, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B83" refString="Simo, M, Brescovit, AD, 2001. Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 67 - 82" title="Revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical spider genus Phoneutria Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Ctenidae), with notes on related Cteninae." volume="12" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5F928FDF2623DDD3E6DE1BB33E70FF64" originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Brescovit (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B4378971B1792F7CA5D5E21D0ECD04A" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1833" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CB4B6E97CA066B492AA67791E523448" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A8E35AE26E324F44E2D088CE05036956" name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
are of introductions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="83686CCC89886CC94824B64E68461C37" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. fera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fera">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3AE5C6A33C220C1237C6EF07047A342" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. fera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41D6BDC0AE3D65C9B4C32FA1E9F6B274" author="Zapfe, H" journalOrPublisher="Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="133 - 136" refId="B102" refString="Zapfe, H, 1963. Aranas tropicales en nuestro pais. Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas 7: 133 - 136" title="Aranas tropicales en nuestro pais." volume="7" year="1963">Zapfe 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2239104C18570B5F5117631EC4F42B5F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872004000600016" author="Canals, LM" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Butantan" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B20" refString="Canals, LM, Casanueva, CME, Aguilera, AM, 2004. ¿Cuales son las especies de aranas peligrosas en Chile? Revista Medica de Chile 132(6): 773-776. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872004000600016" title="¿ Cuales son las especies de aranas peligrosas en Chile? Revista Medica de Chile 132 (6): 773 - 776." url="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872004000600016" year="2004">Canals et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although we have no reason to question the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="265A543DA4CF085C55EEC1093B4D9C3B" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1916" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus chilesicus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilesicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="348DD315FC55E20656724B506DA59522" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ctenus chilesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D7AE82D825966B3F07F2DF4AD62F629" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria bolivienesis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivienesis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4F706A66B9540E93291255D29322180" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria bolivienesis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was based on the examination of type specimens, future work should revise the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B35710A264BC5CD304F874BF25FEFFE" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1916" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus chilesicus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilesicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B1F089CBA6577C41D24C531D6AA29E64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ctenus chilesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We suspect that the only specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A77C303CCACFB25B5BFC956FA2AE0FA1" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1916" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Ctenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ctenus chilesicus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilesicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2F534774D7B726E2EE51FE11ADAC25F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ctenus chilesicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an introduction of an already described species (as suggested by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FC4D663A0E4E3CF0FC640E6CEEAB0E5B" originalValue="Simó">Simo</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Brescovit) or the result of labeling error.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2CF519F1137978185FDA762543E5B2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="B8703876CE24E44CB32FD99B5FFAC21E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Other material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="077D6CA22580504A02DF5DC2F9CB94F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1A5E7B2CA88C86A558D4E0A6313BD6CD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638313" collectingDate="2019-07-30" collectorName="Florencia & N. Hazzi & L. Martinez & E. Across-Valencia" country="Colombia" elevation="240" latitude="1.4998" location="Universidad de la Amazonia" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.6632" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Caqueta">
|
||
<emphasis id="D85E0DBB64BE526C1763B632F62D3033" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3690164A793E20F9F7CC5905D09528A8" name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="494A48E05BE92F59CACAE7B07EC6A1CF" country="Colombia" name="Caqueta">Caqueta</collectingRegion>
|
||
: two males,
|
||
<location id="47ADFEE1844D4D3E235019D73EFCE352" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:47ADFEE1844D4D3E235019D73EFCE352" country="Colombia" latitude="1.4998" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.6632" name="Universidad de la Amazonia" stateProvince="Caqueta">Universidad de la Amazonia</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="569E7D9464B56D921326626AFCB3C8FA" degrees="1.4998" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="1.4998">1.4998°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="45142708C5676E1DDB3473C016F024B2" degrees="75.6632" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-75.6632">75.6632°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4D2EF6BD0C63F8CCE4FCC25B3F6209AF" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="240.0">
|
||
<elevation id="390FE4219B77245C09AD3FD10A05B3E9" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="240.0">240 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectorName id="B9284E08452DA698441CDAB264547316">Florencia</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="856058F92D4D4CA8B251ED47A95CD2C6" value="2019-07-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EB566D3548E44D0A45E58798E447FB32" value="2019-07-30">30.VII.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="3EA539743C47A5DC9E8AE060D6183783">N. Hazzi</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="D428E3F4FB5D4A896AB74B355157F9FA">
|
||
L.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="24B33C733F6F16299D057419493F8708" originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName id="261E320C866B688AD9C9BC8462321217">E. Across-Valencia</collectorName>
|
||
(MUSENUV)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="406C2EDB62A543606157B89ABD94A9EC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638310" collectingDate="2005-10-03" collectionCode="MPUJ" country="Colombia" elevation="70" latitude="4.1128" location="Comunidad Monifue Amena" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-69.9311" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C79EAD4194CB45C504022555778494D3" country="Colombia" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="AB3F0A8E2A83E829BF5EB3251BB659B7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:AB3F0A8E2A83E829BF5EB3251BB659B7" country="Colombia" latitude="4.1128" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-69.9311" name="Comunidad Monifue Amena" stateProvince="Amazonas">Comunidad Monifue Amena</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6A3B0EA95B7C5CF6343DBCBEB64D73A6" degrees="4.1128" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.1128">4.1128°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CEF4E8130DCE6A57F733844890E0DCF8" degrees="69.9311" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-69.9311">69.9311°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="24BBB840D83C1FF35F9EE887E6C014EC" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="70.0">
|
||
<elevation id="EC387E2E21499DD38A7BD6873512A019" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
<date id="29AE794DA5943192D3DB2EE2DA3A0259" value="2005-10-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="B451604F7357068B3D4A9333D0B7B1CF" value="2005-10-03">03.X.2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="B2A732FD6D19AB838F86899C45E7DF18">MPUJ</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="67E7D2F85F89D4FC2DCDA69596BEBF4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638308" collectingDate="2019-09-02" collectionCode="MCZ, IZ" collectorName="Iquitos & N. Hazzi & E. Vargas & G. Gagliardi" country="Peru" elevation="120" latitude="-3.9663" location="Biological Station" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-73.4368" municipality="Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto">
|
||
<emphasis id="2541D0BACE1E2420014171C7203265C9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D1ACFD2E512098605F33BFE11E25873B" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BDB8317537015D6BC943CC8BA64D1A75" country="Peru" name="Loreto">Loreto</collectingRegion>
|
||
: two males and two females,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="63CC6B4D8F42023C7EF6D4A5157894A0">Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="F7702980712C9A983B2345759D191315" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:F7702980712C9A983B2345759D191315" country="Peru" latitude="-3.9663" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-73.4368" municipality="Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana" name="Biological Station" stateProvince="Loreto">Biological Station</location>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F6A0581C391FFF9CDA91178F813E1E8F" originalValue="“José">"Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
Alvarez Alonso" (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6D1D47C030FBEE74406F239EB8AE1B12" degrees="3.9663" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.9663">3.9663°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A28F9D9B3E26B87A0D9FB06C76379E17" degrees="73.4368" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-73.4368">73.4368°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7C46CD4DDC5D2FE1C75D9ABECD280998" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="120.0">
|
||
<elevation id="B94C0E1850200CCC5F724D47F67B4A99" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectorName id="84B0BD03050C2F0763A571CECC80178D">Iquitos</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="73CAE954DEC018691CAD5BBB2A914D23" value="2019-09-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="68CC3FD45FB74405018EF1AEA1E065AE" value="2019-09-02">02.IX.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="DCF2FDC843944CB6768CAD7290342113">N. Hazzi</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0747445C7747DFB257701AEE02B99C9D">E. Vargas</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="5849100CF6E9AA1FCF8CC904E4C5EEB4">G. Gagliardi</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="C12DD1BBBBA2AB03135589CF3BAF6321" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber id="19F72D07EA3166D76B91D92160384727" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/IZ162185">
|
||
<collectionCode id="CD35ADFCDEF6F793EE046FA1DB894541" country="Cuba" name="Instituto de Zoologia">IZ</collectionCode>
|
||
162185
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="9B0CF3C9CD817ED4A45CAB42C30FD3E6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638341" collectingDate="2019-09-01" collectionCode="MCZ, IZ" collectorName="Puerto Almendras & Iquitos & N. Hazzi & E. Vargas" country="Peru" elevation="110" latitude="-3.8466" location="Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-73.3671" specimenCount="1">
|
||
one female and one male,
|
||
<location id="8FA5B8F424BFE29EF945372753DE7874" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:8FA5B8F424BFE29EF945372753DE7874" country="Peru" latitude="-3.8466" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-73.3671" name="Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana">Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="80767921841C46E067C4C4BF16FF53DA" degrees="3.8466" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.8466">3.8466°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0079889E2693DEAC07CE25213DEF8A8B" degrees="73.3671" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-73.3671">73.3671°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="80D053D2C0BDE9BB8CD10696C511D8C1" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="110.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1F07437488C1C450EB0C52017CBEB615" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectorName id="CD1C5250EC3121BEAA2D1D03DBD2EF98">Puerto Almendras</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="B28441AF0F70F45B3923C6C93E737AD0">Iquitos</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="3B2C92A5146C84ED42FAF21E43B162D5" value="2019-09-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="DF1321875C5E72C949EBB18AD7C682D5" value="2019-09-01">01.IX.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="507E39A68BBE450E49C957D670282D98">N. Hazzi</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="47D2BB95DD52A75FB69A02B99FAFB985">E. Vargas</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2E8823F6E7D9D81469E6D5A3676AA72" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber id="6C7073147DA15F4F48683DB490989BA7" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/IZ162186">
|
||
<collectionCode id="7E6F8E87A9541BA8D7A4B642D6A2EEEB" country="Cuba" name="Instituto de Zoologia">IZ</collectionCode>
|
||
162186
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
?)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="28A4D950FE2D511360386C82650FAB04" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638318" collectingDate="2019-09-04" collectionCode="MCZ, IZ" collectorName="N. Hazzi & E. Vargas" country="Peru" elevation="90" latitude="-3.5617" location="San Rafael" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-73.1191" specimenCount="1">
|
||
one female,
|
||
<location id="29A456F0DDA4505BF41A3340B6DB8758" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:29A456F0DDA4505BF41A3340B6DB8758" country="Peru" latitude="-3.5617" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-73.1191" name="San Rafael">San Rafael</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="255CAC56B59ED082E4AB202C5DC3108D" degrees="3.5617" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.5617">3.5617°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5120059A25807B9861D6C65627C5C942" degrees="73.1191" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-73.1191">73.1191°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4123B2AC000DA20A6E11FC3B3A810615" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="90.0">
|
||
<elevation id="83455C0C4218CB65F43D49647D2AFE1A" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="59AF881DDE8750A019B82B3F3101D85B" value="2019-09-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D42A876C71A02178C1309C7C276CE628" value="2019-09-04">04.IX.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="3501B6166638BB75EA8581744C5AA05F">N. Hazzi</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="A24DBCE08713CD10F0DAADCA9CCA07DA">E. Vargas</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="71BA55A8B24FAF912AD688E4CCD77010" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber id="705C7150035D572E3D4A6340895206DF" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/IZ162187">
|
||
<collectionCode id="3789D99864BC433108A4FE0B10B3BA87" country="Cuba" name="Instituto de Zoologia">IZ</collectionCode>
|
||
162187
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
?)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0F3444121801775D8CAE8EAFA04189CF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638306" collectingDate="1988-07-09" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Fernandez & P. Hocking" country="Peru" elevation="150" latitude="-7.1158" location="Cerros Orullana" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.2709" municipality="Inahuaya" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 511187" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2C6E43ADBE7857242F54840983CEF1D3">Inahuaya</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="147D75389BEAF2961C347F5BE470CA74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:147D75389BEAF2961C347F5BE470CA74" country="Peru" latitude="-7.1158" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.2709" municipality="Inahuaya" name="Cerros Orullana">Cerros Orullana</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A6BA211AF56AC7EDE5BD83CCE3A16BAE" degrees="7.1158" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-7.1158">7.1158°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="21E93AFAE1EDE255778D3992D7100543" degrees="75.2709" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-75.2709">75.2709°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="3098787D19EF00EC455C164AA4BF7F26" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">
|
||
<elevation id="74FA18F1E29BF976C386038FE48D802B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="1C1E8101461930B6FA0BB50D8A07C7BA" value="1988-07-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="DC83096E7CC33394BBB11057B433264D" value="1988-07-09">9.VII.1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="80AE3F107D0B2FB58E5EEEB64542994A" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="550289C6C9E5450377FBA1FA9D8CAC8D">Fernandez</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="0FB3BAEA77766D3E941C2EFA8A82068B">P. Hocking</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="A1F355FFFD143C52EC0A46803D73B3A6" collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 511187</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="CAE86A346B741B2DFD436F8F7D67F127" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638316" collectingDate="2019-04-15" collectionCode="MCZ, IZ" collectorName="N. Hazzi" country="Peru" elevation="220" latitude="-9.6137" location="Panguana Biological Research Station" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-74.9352" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ucayali">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E3B942F314BD4F59A77DE1475F761A2D" country="Peru" name="Ucayali">Ucayali</collectingRegion>
|
||
: four females and four males,
|
||
<location id="7F034A0BE84EA2F7A70DC4163865B535" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:7F034A0BE84EA2F7A70DC4163865B535" country="Peru" latitude="-9.6137" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-74.9352" name="Panguana Biological Research Station" stateProvince="Ucayali">Panguana Biological Research Station</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2BCF2278960EFE38A43AAE531E91283F" degrees="9.6137" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-9.6137">9.6137°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D748722D6C5AC22552CF12819A886262" degrees="74.9352" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-74.9352">74.9352°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="F20198209086287BE8D4ED11F1A623F1" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="m" value="220.0">
|
||
<elevation id="3D02FC0336DB5D2695C730318F4E11D9" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="m" value="220.0">220 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="079D9FB2C83F550E0D1E039CCC92EF2D" value="2019-04-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F958C8D191CD94B8C9B003287D1C0D85" value="2019-04-15">15.IV.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="B24B397358798C0691848E34E9643D03">N. Hazzi</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="8F1924768BAD8F656085FEEB4A959EA5" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber id="45B69D1C3934E877FE5DCED1E3B0AF53" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/IZ162188">
|
||
<collectionCode id="7B05581B6B88C37108BCA281E0373A80" country="Cuba" name="Instituto de Zoologia">IZ</collectionCode>
|
||
162188
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E0081F577712234E67E229DC2988BCE1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638314" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="ICZN" country="Peru" county="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" location="Natural History Museum" municipality="The" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 054122" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="42E4F1D93776F1B5CC8048D3762E32E6" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
: one female, same data as neotype (
|
||
<specimenCode id="453E38B4E8891378E3C4E2B94E6A5FDA" collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 054122</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="240934D327B80F449240DFD3513CD8AE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638328" collectingDate="1987-10-01" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="D. Silva & J. Coddington" country="Peru" elevation="250" latitude="-11.96" location="Zona Reservada de Manu" longLatPrecision="776" longitude="-71.3" specimenCount="1">
|
||
one female
|
||
<location id="5BE0BEC886D2ED26EC7C08304384CE53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:5BE0BEC886D2ED26EC7C08304384CE53" country="Peru" latitude="-11.96" longLatPrecision="776" longitude="-71.3" name="Zona Reservada de Manu">Zona Reservada de Manu</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9C28A927775ECD8260585EB6DE6CB5E9" degrees="11.96" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-11.96">11.96°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5CDE307DB75D7706D404868061E25415" degrees="71.30" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-71.3">71.30°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="09824E1D098653E2951FAD4662F180D2" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="250.0">
|
||
<elevation id="B3EEAC303523967BFD384A41280C8CEF" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="A218CDAE60C2FAECB3943453F486DBDC" value="1987-10-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="040D6DACCB9F5FE2DC8152C2CA6BCFB3" value="1987-10-01">01.X.1987</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="DBB147BEE295965AA541C4D27C2562F2">D. Silva</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="55FA39C447CF1019909B996CFFA8EF2F">J. Coddington</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="5D832CF38C645918BEFB7EED80A3526E" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="37876B476CB48A8777F70A2F47F4AC60" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638334" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Peru" elevation="290" latitude="-12.83" location="Zona Reservada Tambopata" longLatPrecision="558" longitude="-69.283" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 507653, 507657, 507658" specimenCount="1">
|
||
three females and one male,
|
||
<location id="54605BB53EB9788F94E4FF116CED65C8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:54605BB53EB9788F94E4FF116CED65C8" country="Peru" latitude="-12.83" longLatPrecision="558" longitude="-69.283" name="Zona Reservada Tambopata">Zona Reservada Tambopata</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BE20800F99397CCB3C42D5028DE4C5B1" degrees="12.83" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-12.83">12.83°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5CA1648D98D4E0154DF14C11A25C0351" degrees="69.283" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-69.283">69.283°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="5C703DCA0D2616E3E931A16E5BDD6333" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" unit="m" value="290.0">
|
||
<elevation id="3B2A5CF13C79793D6F6A55D1FF41CD98" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" unit="m" value="290.0">290 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<specimenCode id="6F50992A5BA341ADA759E6FF57593547" collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 507653</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="27FA2D47529106B8A4373C61A70ABCFF" collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">507657</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="580195F316408C0976B7E5F5066A2E7D" collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">507658</specimenCode>
|
||
and 507659)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DBBFC1A3C9A618DEEAF6F07621553A4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638311" collectingDate="1987-05-26" collectionCode="V" country="Peru" latitude="-11.96" location="Zona Reservada Pakitza" longLatPrecision="776" longitude="-71.3" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 509196" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="825EE9F2651EFE5D16EC10C0DED155EB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:825EE9F2651EFE5D16EC10C0DED155EB" country="Peru" latitude="-11.96" longLatPrecision="776" longitude="-71.3" name="Zona Reservada Pakitza">Zona Reservada Pakitza</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="38EDE008276F90282EF389B6DAD7BC46" degrees="11.96" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-11.96">11.96°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C6003D94C4C1D8CAEDC28B4AAB253082" degrees="71.30" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-71.3">71.30°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="DBF7C1BABFE7AB6DFC09BC7DCD0A1DC1" value="1987-05-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D255F38B144DF39E66E322ECF88B4F78" value="1987-05-26">
|
||
26.
|
||
<collectionCode id="97D7CDEDC040AF5145BE001ED00EC57A" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.1987
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCode id="C38BDDB16C8F6D1498243B27C3327F1A" collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 509196</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="CE62890E2A356A41F44E7E8FE0CDAC0D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638349" collectingDate="2009-06-19" collectionCode="VI" country="Peru" latitude="-12.8455" location="Explorers Inn" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-69.2942" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 500807" specimenCount="1">
|
||
one male,
|
||
<location id="5FC0D3804FD263C200E6EF930C5FB380" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:5FC0D3804FD263C200E6EF930C5FB380" country="Peru" latitude="-12.8455" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-69.2942" name="Explorers Inn">Explorers Inn</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6321B7D08FD0C24287BFA08467148EDF" degrees="12.8455" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-12.8455">12.8455°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AE11814C72C8B200886704372AABBE92" degrees="69.2942" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-69.2942">69.2942°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="71B5B86CE16322F8165304056D24DB9A" value="2009-06-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="2A9B197996C8700F183B027BEEDBD20C" value="2009-06-19">
|
||
19.
|
||
<collectionCode id="8E5B7D68077277988E08B9B3AC3930AD" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
.2009
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="8360E648E6500AFCE2D8126A5CF84FE8" collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 500807</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="9EBC6867DE157A09477962FB6A02B2B5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638329" collectingDate="1987-06-27" collectionCode="VI, V" collectorName="Morales" country="Peru" latitude="-12.042" location="Santuario Nacional Pampas del Heath" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="-71.7248" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 509147" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="2FD295AB326708D6D04C9F89537B4914" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:2FD295AB326708D6D04C9F89537B4914" country="Peru" latitude="-12.042" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="-71.7248" name="Santuario Nacional Pampas del Heath">Santuario Nacional Pampas del Heath</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="06BA152E7359A42CBBAFDB936275D7AE" degrees="12.042" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-12.042">12.042°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D1C0758C9F5147D9A624D02FE5D3540B" degrees="71.7248" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-71.7248">71.7248°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="1C2B027354868C15F5739C5DCFF55EFE" value="1987-06-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D5A530DDF7E5FC9E27C4567E60C9B634" value="1987-06-27">
|
||
27.
|
||
<collectionCode id="420C410BE5E80BD5099562AA050A3950" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
.1987
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="CBB39D5F7E26F2D5433E093D83D4DDC0" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="46C06E952370E7410F5968787A6B84F3">Morales</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="23D6BF21B7FCE42D2DCE3E74CD2DCE38" collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 509147</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7F9F65344DE09A686E9FC02AEABFB171" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638344" collectingDate="1987-05-18" collectionCode="V" collectorName="SW Puerto Inca" country="Peru" elevation="270" latitude="-9.633" location="Dantas la Molina" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="-75.0" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 507582, 511349" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Huanuco">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9CAFB4D365B0B045DEE4FCFEF2B49999" originalValue="Huánuco">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="72485644C5D04DC2397B7411CE390413" country="Peru" name="Huanuco">Huanuco</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
: one female and one male,
|
||
<location id="78FB5B2B0830CD8BBAFF98C5F63DA10E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:78FB5B2B0830CD8BBAFF98C5F63DA10E" country="Peru" latitude="-9.633" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="-75.0" name="Dantas la Molina" stateProvince="Huanuco">Dantas la Molina</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="83BA644E83892092759814292F682EED" degrees="9.633" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-9.633">9.633°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="42FFB2A2194E9176E573631EE20CBF46" degrees="75" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55555" value="-75.0">75°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="767EC007079CE2B74DA71C962C090395" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="m" value="270.0">
|
||
<elevation id="C4AA52B75A31D0EF80F248D1F84BF457" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="m" value="270.0">270 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectorName id="029F8C30EA61DF5A52903707E876A61B">SW Puerto Inca</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="AE95CF55A80BCD7BDE71FADD7F2259F7" value="1987-05-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="8B4AD3654CC3DF9AB6609FA24C08E8B0" value="1987-05-18">
|
||
18.
|
||
<collectionCode id="55BE827512E710F581882E129EEF5EBA" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.1987
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="C1E0CDD3ED3260E5F567307A18886232" collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 507582</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="E281F633856A3A14A063FFED04482677" collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">511349</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="718E1B32ABC3F258F27FC2C60D7B2219" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638305" collectingDate="1998-08-16" country="Peru" elevation="350" latitude="-7.1669" location="Juanji" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-76.7395" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 511348" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Martin">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="128B539E96FD4B6254F121BC5973C684" country="Peru" name="San Martin">San Martin</collectingRegion>
|
||
: one female,
|
||
<location id="DAD6149AEC999E8D25D8D14A8EB2E6EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:DAD6149AEC999E8D25D8D14A8EB2E6EC" country="Peru" latitude="-7.1669" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-76.7395" name="Juanji" stateProvince="San Martin">Juanji</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FA317A4C9CDD5F3321FC7DD172D91571" degrees="7.1669" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-7.1669">7.1669°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0A037359CDA5C7770E24B1BE834A0AB1" degrees="76.7395" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-76.7395">76.7395°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="63D9F0BC63EF5A98BE77BC0FFA7978D0" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="350.0">
|
||
<elevation id="AAE3E9D4E318CD67ED2F781AA38A9A01" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="51B706789632283876817D33D42EB8AF" value="1998-08-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="9F531DBDAD0EBDB9F8C819117717D5AE" value="1998-08-16">16.VIII.1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="51DDC3B474D44DB7E608410FD0974F87" collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 511348</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="40FC86F99D07C18AA4F51DF261A704FA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638324" collectingDate="1998-03-08" collectorName="P. Hocking" country="Peru" latitude="-9.9369" location="Rio Palcazu" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.2471" municipality="Santa Maria" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 511043" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pasco">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="324593435451A84382ADE863FC3570AD" country="Peru" name="Pasco">Pasco</collectingRegion>
|
||
: one male,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="79B8B5B2A4823F7B5DB9E8AFDE656DAB">Santa Maria</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="31040117FA35AB4095EC40E7BA76507B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:31040117FA35AB4095EC40E7BA76507B" country="Peru" latitude="-9.9369" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-75.2471" municipality="Santa Maria" name="Rio Palcazu" stateProvince="Pasco">Rio Palcazu</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="64E29FFDAF63C5B66FAD38F1307AFDE4" degrees="9.9369" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-9.9369">9.9369°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C37D37B5013E7E5F6DBFA1D15EE96E2B" degrees="75.2471" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-75.2471">75.2471°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="E39E93BBBFF14839FF4005946BC0CB14" value="1998-03-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="CA96726C64CCF078E3C4B9EFE10E0E3D" value="1998-03-08">8.III.1998</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="EA89D766169E8EBF0EBE4B3F11E5C22E">P. Hocking</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="3E7888B5558DDE618AA3584C84282FE8" collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 511043</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="BCC42B509BF0F3016144C5D10D5A7626" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3063638304" collectingDate="1994-07-18" collectorName="M. Ortega" country="Peru" latitude="-4.59841" location="Condorcanqui" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-77.8599" specimenCode="MUSM-ENT 509062" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="26DC9B88EB49F7049216E1F96462C45A" country="Peru" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
: one male,
|
||
<location id="B2752338DD21AB964B349FE0D7789642" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75AE497601C553019B2017C8CBEFC593:B2752338DD21AB964B349FE0D7789642" country="Peru" latitude="-4.59841" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-77.8599" name="Condorcanqui" stateProvince="Amazonas">Condorcanqui</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CD5711DD468412D47E32F9D5D4794180" degrees="4.59841" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-4.59841">4.59841°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="84D8CF646AB551C5562F293CC46B8A6E" degrees="77.8599" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-77.8599">77.8599°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="23E647F2008036B2D3DBABD004137385" value="1994-07-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="DA4F96E3074C26A2DF77401E316A45F8" value="1994-07-18">18.VII.1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="B64EC971E0FDBD94677639282BD39271">M. Ortega</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="C78F94CB3682C2B46AF751E9DA88A953" collectionCode="MUSM-ENT">MUSM-ENT 509062</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C8277778F026C22BFB4511820027A926" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="D4CA4458DF5A2389C95F6BAE3CB1E48D" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC99121CC258C9A01F703DB0A22726BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57696EADC930AD410F092714B714D3DE" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="29F9AE7274C6EB413DE8FBA824AC9CCC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A21DE7F8BF48AFC115F3E226054354D6" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. depilata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DAD42FE65F5EDE61785409B14E8C9ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. depilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the truncated apex of the RTA (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="08D82BFD8EE4830F283D0693E7E40583" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), but differ by the smaller tegulum (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AFA32B5B77C183FDB85FBBA59473168" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8090806A518AE31761D680DDD3627855" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
), round median apophysis enlarged at the base (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="7867E54DA7213FE8ED4BEACFEACFA0CC" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AD850B11B78108992D27C2DF02DD2B9F" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
), locking lobes located posteriorly (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8ABFF253B824AB8942B94E7E2A678DF" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AFE715346C2373A398AA1610C1E72B08" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
), in contrast with the narrow base of the median apophysis and pronounced lateral locking lobes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F581424082AB18166F68FADA6D68B1C4" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. depilata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilata">
|
||
<emphasis id="75BBAB911700C065D509FC6E1373959F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. depilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and embolus without internal bulge (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA328A9F64F3EF4262F390A0C3525A76" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="404EAFF87A6F0AE75F4976961FCF12A1" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC0993859111C45F5398B5B4A10F9951" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6927D540270E0FBEEBF1D5558F2B9428" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB1D505A4DF1BAA92BF4A637D09BC981" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. depilata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilata">
|
||
<emphasis id="14CEFD71DBBF1980C269606B2FDED501" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. depilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the general configuration of the epigynum but differ by the wider area of the EMF (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="0E6591F2969AD55B044BA59C5D4ABBC3" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Phoneutria boliviensis (Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), female genitalia A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view. CD = copulatory duct, ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, ELF = epigynal lateral field, ELG = epigynal lateral guide, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517661" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AFC7879B79E5FCB2CB0AC36C4E72493" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. A, B epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) C, D epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria depilata (from Caimito, Esmeraldas, Ecuador). ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scales bars: 0.20 mm (A), 0.20 mm (B), 0.30 mm (C), 0.30 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517665" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">10A</figureCitation>
|
||
), copulatory ducts strongly sclerotized (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="894F5D46CE8D5684A9582B4A9AC615BA" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Phoneutria boliviensis (Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), female genitalia A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view. CD = copulatory duct, ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, ELF = epigynal lateral field, ELG = epigynal lateral guide, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517661" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D2F113DC5AFB145C031C8DC2DE1D503D" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. A, B epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) C, D epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria depilata (from Caimito, Esmeraldas, Ecuador). ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scales bars: 0.20 mm (A), 0.20 mm (B), 0.30 mm (C), 0.30 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517665" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">10B</figureCitation>
|
||
), and reduced spermatheca heads (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="7E4809C6BB2243A3D16DC0207A3FC906" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Phoneutria boliviensis (Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), female genitalia A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view. CD = copulatory duct, ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, ELF = epigynal lateral field, ELG = epigynal lateral guide, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517661" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="645BF549A2C182F8B6B051F069FEC0DC" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. A, B epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) C, D epigynum and vulva (dorsal view) of Phoneutria depilata (from Caimito, Esmeraldas, Ecuador). ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scales bars: 0.20 mm (A), 0.20 mm (B), 0.30 mm (C), 0.30 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517665" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">10B</figureCitation>
|
||
), in contrast with the less sclerotized copulatory ducts and larger spermatheca heads of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="561751E51E53B5FF069B64D160D920B8" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. depilata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F8FA7415B94E44B84EE55DD26CE5ED3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. depilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, both females and males can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D272C59EF49048A4DB32BF92D33D75F" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. depilata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depilata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDD847AF9494E420AE6DE27434EE063D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. depilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the remaining Amazonian species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16ACB100BC6D465BA400BB8BC5D7FC2D" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. perty" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perty">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FA224B977AB321D753093BB9FBB78D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. perty</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4487FA56AD4C6A5395B9BD357EDB1A5F" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. fera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A263653F5349E023E71B7C9B1881D687" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. fera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by the two lateral conspicuous white-yellow bands in the anterior area of the carapace which are also absent in all other congeneric species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B74185A21C36A0B42B6657A19B64F0E8" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A, B dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. boliviensis (male from from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru) C, D dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. depilata (male from Chiriqui, Panama). Scale bars: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517659" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="146C357B663F4B05DD4F149A01231C25" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph id="11DB539276B133F592CEC6AA941D5430" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="718D9A49C2197CE83FC7DCCD975199C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9FE29B3F7E97C7A02F1115018A55B8F" baseAuthorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95C09990EC93A6CBAE73DB679C830E91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from Finca Las Piedras,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5882136FEDFBEB96987421CE2D1464B8" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F8D8A4B1563A2218AF8BA72C3154BC" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
), left male palp
|
||
<emphasis id="8F7A3ACA2BDB7AB89EA08C026E1BF3A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
prolateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="30704985A10408F0CAAC4EE83F0B4FDD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="D16140F66E9BF30428F76DE0CB11590E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||
retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="64CDA4F4DFE343FB3A1689685FA6AF4F" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517661" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph id="17F007B68EB3CE139FBF4DF51354D4E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9CAEAAF22167552C1751B397AD300A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9DF30A8008C4DE7E73BD245F5D2C243" baseAuthorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B287029545D0F0DD86E91374D7713A2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Finca Las Piedras,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="00305E4A99F8E749112F2CFB273A54BE" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1E3881BBEC4890D4A560CF33E429EB92" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
), female genitalia
|
||
<emphasis id="8E3D5421000F09BB2E1564B545B1AE0F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||
epigynum, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="247079EA1C0B7B13B8452B41BC4702C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||
vulva, dorsal view. CD = copulatory duct, ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, ELF = epigynal lateral field, ELG = epigynal lateral guide, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca,
|
||
<collectionCode id="FB09CAD414286CC6357074BF77D83206" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
|
||
= posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scale bar: 1.00 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0B1CDB4DA6E5E834475B75D9C8291F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="A9BD832AC715A603B3FA5630FC989A00" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="05E7F5CEF1913CFEFF2C79AF17AD262B" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="83AE46E00221004496B9B45551AC3013" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1E90FE1C601FCC4BAA2FE489A59A674E" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Puerto Maldonado, Finca Las Piedras,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B5BB233F13EEA46E469AFD4395E918BD" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="C0E133CCE6243079F6BFC48B0D4D4824">MUSM-ENT</collectionCode>
|
||
54118). Coloration (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="3A189D055B7F1958A9154B01AF344D9F" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A-D Habitus of Phoneutria spp. A female of P. depilata with eggs sac (from Chiriqui, Panama) B female of P. depilata (from Barro Colorado Island, Panama) C female of P. boliviensis (from Madre de Dios, Peru) D male of P. boliviensis (from Napo, Ecuador)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure1a-d" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517655" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">1D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5D889964B2953ED371D1237778BD7105" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A, B dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. boliviensis (male from from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru) C, D dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. depilata (male from Chiriqui, Panama). Scale bars: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517659" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
): Carapace brown with a longitudinal black line, transversal black stripes and two lateral conspicuous white-yellow bands in the anterior area. Ocular area with dark black-blue setae and back oblique band from PLE to anterior dorsal shield of prosoma edge. Chelicerae brown. Sternum, endites and labium yellowish-brown. Dorsal abdomen yellow-brown, with a longitudinal black line reaching to the median region; ventrally dark brown with four series of pale brown dots. Total length 20.93. Carapace 10.91 long and 13.18 wide, eye diameters: AME 0.41, ALE 0.23, PME 0.72, PLE 0.46. Clypeal height 0.26, sternum 4.57 long, 4.00 wide; labium 1.31 long, 0.84 wide. Leg measurements: I: femur 12.20, patella 4.20, tibia 13.52, metatarsus 17.98, tarsus 5.00, total 52.90; II: 17.60, 7.49, 18.81, 13.65, 3.94, total 61.49; III, 14.09, 6.62, 12.42, 8.18, 2.43, total 43.74; IV 11.79, 4.42, 10.8, 12.58, 3.42, total 43.01. Leg spination: I tibia v2-2-2-2-2, d1-1-1, p0-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-0-0 r1-0-0, II tibia v-2-2-2-2-2, d1-1-1, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2, p1-0-0 r1-0-0, III v2-2-2, d1-1-1, p1-0-1-0, r1-0-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2, IV tibia v2-2-2, d1-1-1, p1-0-1-0, r1-0-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2-2, d0-1-0, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Palp. RTA small and truncated at the apex (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="C9FD8552E34FFD0AE0ED7927C256B589" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FEB52CBB00AB34ED8798D249B9E10FC" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9C</figureCitation>
|
||
); embolus curve without internal bulge (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="5523C95087706359F711796EBDDD0730" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="57801FE062B7C9C3660C6B0AA85A29E0" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
); cup-shaped median apophysis constrained at the base (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="233CD4314C8977AB6A73C97F3D5644B9" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1B33C6542712CECA88043DB31C449296" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
); conductor membranous, hyaline and C-shaped (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="C5767F69D606D2B2DDE21D40282E3E0B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="EAE9111D0786BAF804BE7ABFE35EBCD4" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
); tegulum with probasal rounded projection (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="FCD92B05754513681E89FEA38BAF4ACD" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phoneutria boliviensis (from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), left male palp A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517660" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FC0DA129D5500AAF803B7922D2EE680" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2EA5E5C0A06BF0DE14BB446E32E4B670" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="46CEE5B0299D991B3E4F156E57F3ABAC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="034D9689F1E19D7DF6D12FD839023BC0" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Puerto Maldonado, Finca Las Piedras,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5F37403430228DC0CA124486407582F6" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="BD4AA60488042FDF304A63C145E71758">MUSM-ENT</collectionCode>
|
||
054122). Coloration (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="EFB4F9C701D4A1E1B7FD04F33D608B55" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A-D Habitus of Phoneutria spp. A female of P. depilata with eggs sac (from Chiriqui, Panama) B female of P. depilata (from Barro Colorado Island, Panama) C female of P. boliviensis (from Madre de Dios, Peru) D male of P. boliviensis (from Napo, Ecuador)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure1a-d" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517655" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">1C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BF69861A377ECDD887E0340A5339461F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A, B dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. boliviensis (male from from Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru) C, D dorsal view of the carapace and ventral view of the abdomen of P. depilata (male from Chiriqui, Panama). Scale bars: 2.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517659" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
): Carapace brown with a longitudinal black line and two lateral conspicuous white-yellow bands in the anterior area. Ocular area with dark brown setae and back oblique band from PLE to anterior dorsal shield of prosoma edge. Chelicerae brown with red setae. Sternum, endites and labium yellowish-brown. Dorsal abdomen yellow-brown, with a yellow dot; ventrally dark brown with four series of pale brown dots. Total length 20.19. Carapace 9.70 long and 7.57 wide, eye diameter: AME 0.45, ALE 0.29, PME 0.46, PLE 0.53. Clypeal height 0.44, sternum long 3.94 and 3.55 wide, endites 3.89 long and 2.50 wide, labium 1.43 long and 1.25 wide. Leg measurements: I: femur 9.06, patella 3.98, tibia 9.93, metatarsus 8.01, tarsus 2.33, total 33.31; II, 8.45, 4.19, 8.67, 6.90, 2.27, total 30.48; III 6.92, 3.20, 5.97, 5.46, 1.59, total 23.14; IV 8.66, 3.51, 8.06, 9.00, 1.58, total 30.81. Leg spination: tibia I-II v2-2-2-2-2, metatarsus I-II v2-2-2-2-2; III tibia v2-2-2, d1-1-1, p1-0-1-0, r1-0-1-0; metatarsus v2-2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2; IV tibia v2-2-2, d1-1-1, p1-0-1-0, r1-0-1-0, metatarsus v2-2-2-2, d0-1-0, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Epigynum (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FE5732C9135B7785F59E9BC35E8A9FC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Phoneutria boliviensis (Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), female genitalia A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view. CD = copulatory duct, ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, ELF = epigynal lateral field, ELG = epigynal lateral guide, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517661" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5EF3A4D586A7B7C8C8B2F991AE00774" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
): middle field convex with straight edges, anteriorly divergent and posteriorly convergent; lateral field with lateral apophysis. Vulva (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="CE87751B6752C72806F0092E6A045957" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Phoneutria boliviensis (Finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Peru), female genitalia A epigynum, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view. CD = copulatory duct, ELA = epigynal lateral apophysis, ELF = epigynal lateral field, ELG = epigynal lateral guide, EMF = epigynal middle field, FD = fertilization duct, HS = head of spermatheca, PL = posterior lobe, S = spermatheca. Scale bar: 1.00 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517661" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A415BE84CB90CACD19536F432B70DAD3" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A, B ventral view of the male palp of P. boliviensis (from Pucallpa, Peru) and P. depilata (from Gamboa, Panama), respectively C, D retrolateral tibia apophysis of P. boliviensis and P. depilata, respectively. Scales bars: 0.10 mm (A); 0.20 mm (B); 0.10 mm (C); 0.05 mm (D). C = conductor, E = embolus, IB = internal bulge, LL = locking lobes, MA = median apophysis, ST = subtegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517664" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9B</figureCitation>
|
||
): copulatory ducts strongly sclerotized and reduced spermatheca heads, fertilization ducts small and posteriorly located.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A0C372B33D66821C63D5AB1D8371BD1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="BFB742D421729D24F0BE491810EBDB31" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="331AA09CC9271618DF2A9D58A478DF4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Males (n = 6): Total length 9.70-10.60, carapace 4.86-5.90, femur I 5.90-6.72. Females (n = 5): Total length 12.22-15.22, carapace 6.33-6.97, femur I 5.20-5.86.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="012EBCF82CA0292DB6F9C06E70ED4B35" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4ED134536670F53FD17BFD2288283994" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA2B8A57D08F84F862B9E3C1313E7B9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Lowland tropical rain forests of the Amazon (
|
||
<quantity id="8FF9C37ED1634F5751C6254B92100998" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="500.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="0.0">0-1000 m</quantity>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6E470B04514DACD2F7F34D063EA94DC9" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A9246C71C0412E7D13903EAA84E8EE66" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B86414CD066F1AA9839467E67B144955" name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="32D615170BDA19E5A2FCF2DEE440395F" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7CAC8DF125E7E6CF036D68333E9914A" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C764621BF8D61B397699AA96778EC11" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Occurrence records of P. boliviensis and P. depilata obtained from LIFIMU database (A) and iNaturalist (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517666" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">11</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation id="7612D7377F9D1A60EBE18EF39BBE6D4E" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution models A, B binary model (5 % threshold) of P. depilata and P. boliviensis, respectively." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1022.60571.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/517668" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">13</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7C596ACF65325A0758925B64A4470DE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="DCDF8028793442C930EE9714A0C13BE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E155A09870CC37D99B940737B46C4F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E01236763E00EF27F33AF5EA3DBE11CF" baseAuthorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="118662A41910872C4C23A49498C39DD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the smallest species of the genus and it inhabits in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5CD5CF1DDA2AEBAFF345B998B530FDE" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. fera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fera">
|
||
<emphasis id="F62624D063DD9C4EAE6FDC9F1A943C63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. fera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F02C2E07FF55091AA8B9A19798C513C9" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. reidyi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reidyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FD8D1035106AC16969DB0130360CCB1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. reidyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA4112C4D06FE50051441ECA67D13CD4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1636/P08-93.1" author="Torres-Sanchez, MP" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Arachnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="433 - 440" refId="B88" refString="Torres-Sanchez, MP, Gasnier, TR, 2010. Patterns of abundance, habitat use and body size structure of Phoneutria reidyi and P. fera (Araneae: Ctenidae) in a Central Amazonian rainforest. The Journal of Arachnology 38 (3): 433 - 440, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1636/P08-93.1" title="Patterns of abundance, habitat use and body size structure of Phoneutria reidyi and P. fera (Araneae: Ctenidae) in a Central Amazonian rainforest." url="https://doi.org/10.1636/P08-93.1" volume="38" year="2010">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="08526136BBDE468C002ADEF4017B8474" originalValue="Torres-Sánchez">Torres-Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Gasnier (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0E22B6DA471CD2A145FF860CC347041" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5B51956E3BD114BC264C87BC03ED7DF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be restricted to periodically indudated forests because they have never been detected in "terra firme" forests. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42584D31E83DE1AF4C24987426B58343" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this species was also very common in swamp forests (aguajales) dominated by the large, dioecious palm
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0EAB9B310746A6902D1A4277DEA9905" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Mauritia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mauritia flexuosa" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="C090D98EC146B30A458B19F7F2E15BFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Mauritia flexuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, we also found that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A2A0B703EAD2C11E1014FABE8C5F24E" baseAuthorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Phoneutria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phoneutria boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB24875134612A3CC8FF4EBAC315860B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phoneutria boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not exclusive to inundated forests but also can be found in "terra firme" forests and even in the Amazonian foothills in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8F5046DCC8A2F2F28AEE52963D5F1B14" country="Colombia" name="Caqueta">Caqueta</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A07A5BD84601D4FCBEED83B973011A02" name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In these non-inundated ecosystems,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="558A7EC0AEF67367F1A8D4A4A4BDACA1" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6DDC0AEA3A4EB43216F22264F180017B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in secondary forests and forest edges. This species lives in the leaf litter and low vegetation. It is interesting to highlight that in the Amazon of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="410625B7EE2AB8E544D8AF93EBAE191E" name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FBDFB213CF3CCC77799790EE7E022B09" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FEF5C091B0DEA6594C0D846099BBCB1" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, we always found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B90D924B36D2076DB2AAD3C2D69DD0C0" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. boliviensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="09D1759F2BBA8251B93EAFAABBBA2837" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43C927501BAE8F03362DCD5D6C680168" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. fera" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fera">
|
||
<emphasis id="9618F09270D1B6582E21C502FA1E153C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. fera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but never with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAD490B376241FFD6CA7D71432B5A204" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. reidyi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reidyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8705C900648D03E8A0D770DB2F0D614" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">P. reidyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |