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<document id="F1A50FA1F04A219729E141220AAE9629" ID-CLB-Dataset="22519" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4683.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0c7ac1dd-671e-4dfd-b641-b8a7d30c7f30" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3772807" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588058758493" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nascimento, Stênio R. S., Lima, Lucas R. C. &amp; Azevêdo, Carlos A. S." docDate="2019" docId="75377136F903FF8DFF23FB6C2B58FC13" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4683.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4683 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thraulodes sternimaculatus Lima, Mariano &amp; Pinheiro 2013" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="289" masterDocId="890E094EF903FF8EFFB4FFBC2F24FF91" masterDocTitle="Description of the nymph of Thraulodes sternimaculatus Lima, Mariano &amp; Pinheiro, 2013 (Leptophlebiidae: Ephemeroptera) from Northeastern Region of Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="290" masterPageNumber="286" pageNumber="286" updateTime="1698837749218" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8C933D17B3985F6E5C5FE9C0AF65B136">Description of the nymph of Thraulodes sternimaculatus Lima, Mariano &amp; Pinheiro, 2013 (Leptophlebiidae: Ephemeroptera) from Northeastern Region of Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="580AD4D4AF68C6BB57A82A5CBFC495E9">Nascimento, Stênio R. S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C8F18E432733AE847C8970AC579DB1F1">Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, CEP 65604 - 380, Caxias, MA, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9C63DF4D802200A5A67745B553E91A44" type="email">stenio04@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3E898080B62C12FB4CC3EEE24F403FDE">Lima, Lucas R. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="76789411A9949AC7861A6D7624910187">Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Campus Heróis do Jenipapo, Laboratório de Biodiversidade, CEP 64280 - 000, Campo Maior, PI, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6FF21EA2817A7440B9ADE94310F2419C">Azevêdo, Carlos A. S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C03CF019D26C3D980C24F5945DBF8674">Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, CEP 65604 - 380, Caxias, MA, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D502E36F6306DA48E575A38FB3AF8EA8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A0763B1E949631F87551399C39B43A88">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="99B43F4C0F9478633D7695CFD2FF3CF7">2019-10-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B3D09ABA2908DBA1664472E56334F52B">4683</mods:number>
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<treatment id="75377136F903FF8DFF23FB6C2B58FC13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3797575" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163830158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3797575" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75377136F903FF8DFF23FB6C2B58FC13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/75377136F903FF8DFF23FB6C2B58FC13" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">
<subSubSection id="B58493ABF903FF8EFF23FB6C2DA0FB7B" box="[151,644,1232,1259]" pageId="0" pageNumber="286" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FD21C020F903FF8EFF23FB6C2DA0FB7B" blockId="0.[151,1437,1232,2023]" box="[151,644,1232,1259]" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">
<heading id="A669774CF903FF8EFF23FB6C2DA0FB7B" bold="true" box="[151,644,1232,1259]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="286" reason="1">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F903FF8EFF23FB6C2DA0FB7B" bold="true" box="[151,644,1232,1259]" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="3A9EBBA3F903FF8EFF23FB6C2ECFFB7A" authorityName="Lima, Mariano &amp; Pinheiro" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,491,1232,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternimaculatus">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F903FF8EFF23FB6C2ECFFB7A" bold="true" box="[151,491,1232,1259]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Thraulodes sternimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F903FF8EFE4FFB6C2D5EFB7B" box="[507,634,1232,1258]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 14" captionStart-1="FIGURES 515" captionStartId-0="1.[151,258,1680,1702]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox-0="[156,1430,630,1654]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1396,183,1882]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[151,1436,625,1659]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[179,1409,167,1882]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURES 14. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, detail of abdominal sterna; 4, gill IV. (scale: Figs. 12 = 2 mm. Fig. 3 = 1 mm. Fig. 4 = 0.5mm)." captionText-1="FIGURES 515. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772809" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3772809/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Figs. 115</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B58493ABF903FF8DFF23FB4A2A68FE1B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="0" pageNumber="286" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="FD21C020F903FF8EFF23FB4A2EF7F9B2" blockId="0.[151,1437,1232,2023]" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F903FF8EFF23FB4A2E21FA9F" bold="true" box="[151,261,1270,1294]" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F903FF8EFEA0FB4A2EBBFA9F" box="[276,415,1270,1294]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Male imago:</emphasis>
(1) costal membrane basal to bulla without cross veins; (2) costal and subcostal zones of the forewing translucent; (3) one band on femora; (4) abdominal segments in dorsal view predominantly translucent, with three lateral dark spots on terga IIVII; (5) subapical spines of penes short and narrow, apicolateral area not forming an “ear”, lateral pouch present and without recurved folds (
<bibRefCitation id="990FBDD1F903FF8EFD40FAE22C89FAE7" author="Lima, L. R. C. &amp; Mariano, R. &amp; Pinheiro, U." box="[756,941,1374,1398]" pageId="0" pageNumber="286" pagination="230 - 242" refId="ref2348" refString="Lima, L. R. C., Mariano, R. &amp; Pinheiro, U. (2013) New species for Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) and the first key to adults from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3709 (3), 230 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.3.2" type="journal article" year="2013">
Lima
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F903FF8EFC81FAE32C41FAE7" box="[821,869,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F903FF8EFC0BFAE22B30FAE7" box="[959,1044,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Nymph:</emphasis>
1) labrum with apical and subapical rows of whitish bristles; anterior margin with three small crenulations and ventrally with a medial, deep excavation; lateral margins rounded (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F903FF8EFE33FA1F2EC9FA2A" box="[391,493,1443,1467]" captionStart="FIGURES 515" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,183,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1409,167,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 515. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Figs. 5, 6</figureCitation>
); 2) femur of all legs with sub-apical dark brown band (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F903FF8EFB8BFA1F2BBAFA2A" box="[1087,1182,1443,1467]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1680,1702]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,630,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,625,1659]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 14. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, detail of abdominal sterna; 4, gill IV. (scale: Figs. 12 = 2 mm. Fig. 3 = 1 mm. Fig. 4 = 0.5mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772809/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Figs. 1,2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F903FF8EFB1DFA1F2BD4FA2A" box="[1193,1264,1443,1467]" captionStart="FIGURES 515" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,183,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1409,167,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 515. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">1315</figureCitation>
); 3) tarsal claws with seven denticles progressively larger apically tarsal claws with 7 denticles, 4 very small basal and sub-equal in size (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F903FF8EFF2BFA552FC9F990" box="[159,237,1513,1537]" captionStart="FIGURES 515" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,183,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1409,167,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 515. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
); 4) gills lanceolate, tapering abruptly on apical third ward the apex, tapering abruptly toward the apex, with main trachea not branched (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F903FF8EFE30F9B72EE2F9B2" box="[388,454,1547,1571]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1680,1702]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,630,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,625,1659]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 14. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, detail of abdominal sterna; 4, gill IV. (scale: Figs. 12 = 2 mm. Fig. 3 = 1 mm. Fig. 4 = 0.5mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772809/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD21C020F903FF8EFF73F9922CE0F9F9" blockId="0.[151,1437,1232,2023]" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F903FF8EFF73F9922E58F9D7" bold="true" box="[199,380,1582,1606]" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Mature nymph.</emphasis>
Lengths. Body:
<quantity id="3A666DC5F903FF8EFD85F9922DB1F9D4" box="[561,661,1582,1606]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.19" pageId="0" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="6.19">6.19 mm</quantity>
. Foreleg:
<quantity id="3A666DC5F903FF8EFCB5F9922C41F9D4" box="[769,869,1582,1606]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.94" pageId="0" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="2.94">2.94 mm</quantity>
; middle leg:
<quantity id="3A666DC5F903FF8EFC47F9922B73F9D4" box="[1011,1111,1582,1606]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.03" pageId="0" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="3.03">3.03 mm</quantity>
; hind leg:
<quantity id="3A666DC5F903FF8EFB7EF9922A0EF9D4" box="[1226,1322,1582,1606]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.58" pageId="0" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="3.58">3.58 mm</quantity>
(coxa and trochanter not included). Medial caudal filament:
<quantity id="3A666DC5F903FF8EFD1EF9ED2C29F9F9" box="[682,781,1617,1641]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.28" pageId="0" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="7.28">7.28 mm</quantity>
. Cerci:
<quantity id="3A666DC5F903FF8EFCEAF9EC2CE5F9F9" box="[862,961,1616,1640]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.17" pageId="0" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="5.17">5.17 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD21C020F903FF8EFF73F9CF2D50F887" blockId="0.[151,1437,1232,2023]" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F903FF8EFF73F9CF2E66F91A" bold="true" box="[199,322,1651,1675]" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Coloration</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F903FF8EFEE5F9CF2E9DF91A" box="[337,441,1651,1675]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1680,1702]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,630,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,625,1659]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 14. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, detail of abdominal sterna; 4, gill IV. (scale: Figs. 12 = 2 mm. Fig. 3 = 1 mm. Fig. 4 = 0.5mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772809/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F903FF8EFE79F9CF2D2BF91A" box="[461,527,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Head:</emphasis>
light brown with pale area around eyes; antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum yellowish. Eye: upper portion of turbinate eye of male reddish brown, lower portion black, ocelli apically blackish and basally dark brown.
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F903FF8EFE7CF9052D60F940" box="[456,580,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Mouthparts</emphasis>
: labrum dark brown; mandible dark brown basally, translucent apically (except incisors and molar area both brownish yellow); maxillae yellow translucent, lateral margins dark brown; hypopharynx yellowish brown; labium yellow translucent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD21C020F903FF8EFF73F89D2CF1F830" blockId="0.[151,1437,1232,2023]" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F903FF8EFF73F89D2E39F8A8" box="[199,285,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Thorax:</emphasis>
pro-, meso-, and metanotum brown with medial line pale light brown. Pronotum light brown with scattered dark brown spots medially; mesonotum dark brown with two light brown longitudinal lines one on each side of medial line; metanotum dark brown with lateral margins light brown. Pronotum light brown; metanotum dark brown. Base of wing pads with two dark brown marks (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F903FF8EFDF4F8352D83F830" box="[576,679,1929,1953]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1680,1702]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,630,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,625,1659]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 14. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, detail of abdominal sterna; 4, gill IV. (scale: Figs. 12 = 2 mm. Fig. 3 = 1 mm. Fig. 4 = 0.5mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772809/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
). Thoracic sterna yellowish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD21C020F903FF8EFF73F8102DA6F876" blockId="0.[151,1437,1232,2023]" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F903FF8EFF73F8102E26F852" box="[199,258,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Legs:</emphasis>
pale yellow, all femora with sub-apical dark brown band; tibiae of middle and hind legs whitish, posterior tibia stained medially with light brown (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F903FF8EFDBAF8732D51F876" box="[526,629,1999,2023]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1680,1702]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,630,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,625,1659]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 14. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, detail of abdominal sterna; 4, gill IV. (scale: Figs. 12 = 2 mm. Fig. 3 = 1 mm. Fig. 4 = 0.5mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772809/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="286">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD21C020F902FF8FFF73FF262A5BFF6B" blockId="1.[151,1437,154,610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F902FF8FFF73FF262E11FF23" box="[199,309,154,178]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Abdomen:</emphasis>
segments evenly light brown in dorsal view, except tergum X darker, and terga IIVI with three lateral dark maculae (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F902FF8FFE87FF022EBCFF47" box="[307,408,190,214]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1680,1702]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,630,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,625,1659]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 14. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, detail of abdominal sterna; 4, gill IV. (scale: Figs. 12 = 2 mm. Fig. 3 = 1 mm. Fig. 4 = 0.5mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772809/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
); sternum pale yellow (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F902FF8FFD3BFF022DEAFF47" box="[655,718,190,214]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1680,1702]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,630,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,625,1659]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 14. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, detail of abdominal sterna; 4, gill IV. (scale: Figs. 12 = 2 mm. Fig. 3 = 1 mm. Fig. 4 = 0.5mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772809/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Gills gray and tracheae blackish (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F902FF8FFBF6FF022BA6FF47" box="[1090,1154,190,214]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1680,1702]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,630,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,625,1659]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 14. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, detail of abdominal sterna; 4, gill IV. (scale: Figs. 12 = 2 mm. Fig. 3 = 1 mm. Fig. 4 = 0.5mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772809/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Caudal filaments brownish, basally with blackish annulations on each segment, then alternating every 3-4 segments towards apex (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F902FF8FFAB8FF5E2A56FF6B" box="[1292,1394,226,250]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1680,1702]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,630,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,625,1659]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 14. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, detail of abdominal sterna; 4, gill IV. (scale: Figs. 12 = 2 mm. Fig. 3 = 1 mm. Fig. 4 = 0.5mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772809/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD21C020F902FF8FFF73FEBA2B4FFDF3" blockId="1.[151,1437,154,610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F902FF8FFF73FEBA2E70FE8F" bold="true" box="[199,340,262,286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Morphology</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F902FF8FFED5FEBA2E87FE8F" box="[353,419,262,286]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Head:</emphasis>
labrum with apical and subapical rows of whitish bristles along anterior margin with medial excavation and three small crenulations ventrally; lateral margins rounded; ventral surface with two median rows of robust median bristles (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F902FF8FFEF3FEF22E8AFEF7" box="[327,430,334,358]" captionStart="FIGURES 515" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,183,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1409,167,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 515. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Figs. 56</figureCitation>
). Mandibles with row of setae on outer margin extending to base of outer incisor; setae long on distal half and short on basal half; molar area with serrated ridges; prosthecae well-developed (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F902FF8FFB23FECE2BDBFE1B" box="[1175,1279,370,394]" captionStart="FIGURES 515" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,183,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1409,167,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 515. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Figs. 7, 8</figureCitation>
); outer incisor of left mandible with three denticles on inner and outer incisors (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F902FF8FFCFDFE2A2CAEFE3F" box="[841,906,406,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 515" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,183,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1409,167,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 515. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
); outer incisor of right mandible with three apical denticles and inner incisor with two denticles (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F902FF8FFD35FE062DE5FE43" box="[641,705,442,466]" captionStart="FIGURES 515" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,183,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1409,167,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 515. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Maxilla rectangular, with apical row of long bristles, palpi with few and scattered setae on segments I and II, segment III covered by dense setae. (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F902FF8FFC5EFE622B09FE67" box="[1002,1069,478,502]" captionStart="FIGURES 515" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,183,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1409,167,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 515. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Hypopharynx with superlinguae bearing long setae on apical margin; apex of lingua with emargination, ventrally covered by short setae (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F902FF8FFB5CFDBE2A13FD8B" box="[1256,1335,514,538]" captionStart="FIGURES 515" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,183,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1409,167,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 515. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Labium densely covered by bristles on glossae and apical third of paraglossae; first segment of palp with both margins bearing long setae; second and third segments with fewer thin setae, concentrated apically (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F902FF8FFBA4FDF62B7AFDF3" box="[1040,1118,586,610]" captionStart="FIGURES 515" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,183,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1409,167,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 515. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="A9E190A8F902FF8FFF23F92C2DA2F95B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3772809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772809/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" startId="1.[151,258,1680,1702]" targetBox="[156,1430,630,1654]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="FD21C020F902FF8FFF23F92C2DA2F95B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1680,1738]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F902FF8FFF23F92C2E17F934" bold="true" box="[151,307,1680,1702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">FIGURES 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3A9EBBA3F902FF8FFE8EF92C2D6CF934" authorityName="Lima, Mariano &amp; Pinheiro" authorityYear="2013" box="[314,584,1680,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternimaculatus">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F902FF8FFE8EF92C2D6CF934" box="[314,584,1680,1701]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Thraulodes sternimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nymph. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, detail of abdominal sterna; 4, gill IV. (scale: Figs. 12 = 2 mm. Fig. 3 = 1 mm. Fig. 4 = 0.5mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FD21C020F902FF8DFF73F9472DD8FED3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1786,1990]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,154,898]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F902FF8FFF73F9472E26F883" box="[199,258,1787,1810]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Legs:</emphasis>
Foreleg: dorsal surface of femur with short and strong spatulate setae medially, inner margin with short spinelike setae, outer margin with simple bristles and spatulate setae of varying sizes; tibia with simple setae on outer margin, short bristles on inner margin with a concentration of short and simple setae at apex; tarsus practically free of simple setae on outer margin (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F902FF8FFEE2F8DA2E83F8EF" box="[342,423,1894,1918]" captionStart="FIGURES 515" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,183,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1409,167,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 515. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Middle leg: dorsal surface of femur with short and strong spatulate setae at base, long and simple setae and spatulate setae of varying sizes on outer margin, inner margin with short setae; tibia with simple long setae on outer margin, short spine-like setae and simple setae medially, tarsus with simple setae on outer margin (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F902FF8FFAF5F8122AB4F857" box="[1345,1424,1966,1990]" captionStart="FIGURES 515" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,183,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1409,167,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 515. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="287">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Hind leg: femur with short spatulate setae on dorsal surface, spatulate bristles of varying size on outer margin and simple setae at apex, inner margin with short spine-like setae; tibia with simple and long bristles and spatulate setae of varied size on outer margin, short spine-like setae and simple setae on inner margin; tarsus with simple setae on outer margin (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F900FF8DFAC5FF5E2F90FE8C" captionStart="FIGURES 515" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,183,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1409,167,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 515. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Tarsal claws with seven denticles progressively larger apically. Tarsal claws each with total of seven denticles; four basal denticles very small and sub-equal in size (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F900FF8DFD14FE962DCBFED3" box="[672,751,298,322]" captionStart="FIGURES 515" captionStartId="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,183,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1409,167,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 515. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="A9E190A8F901FF8CFF23F8D32D55F860" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772811" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3772811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772811/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="288" startId="2.[151,258,1903,1925]" targetBox="[191,1396,183,1882]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="FD21C020F901FF8CFF23F8D32D55F860" blockId="2.[151,1437,1903,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F901FF8CFF23F8D32E1BF814" bold="true" box="[151,319,1903,1925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="288">FIGURES 515.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3A9EBBA3F901FF8CFEF3F8CC2D71F814" authorityName="Lima, Mariano &amp; Pinheiro" authorityYear="2013" box="[327,597,1904,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternimaculatus">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F901FF8CFEF3F8CC2D71F814" box="[327,597,1904,1925]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="288">Thraulodes sternimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nymph. 5, labrum (right, dorsal view; left, ventral view); 6, detail of crenulations on anterior margin of labrum; 7, left mandible; 8, right mandible; 9, maxilla (ventral view); 10, hypopharynx (ventral view); 11, labium (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view); 12, hind tarsal claw; 13, foreleg; 14, middle leg; 15, hind leg. (scale: Figs. 5, 711 = 0.5 mm. Figs. 6 and 12 = 0.1 mm. Figs. 1315 = 1.0 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FD21C020F900FF8DFF73FEF22A68FE1B" blockId="3.[151,1437,154,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F900FF8DFF73FEF22E11FEF7" box="[199,309,334,358]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Abdomen:</emphasis>
posterolateral spines present on segments IIIIX, more evident on segments VIIX (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F900FF8DFB0AFEF22BDBFEF7" box="[1214,1279,334,358]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1680,1702]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,630,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,625,1659]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 14. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, detail of abdominal sterna; 4, gill IV. (scale: Figs. 12 = 2 mm. Fig. 3 = 1 mm. Fig. 4 = 0.5mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772809/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Gills lanceolate, tapering abruptly on apical third toward apex, with symmetrical lamellae; main trachea unbranched (
<figureCitation id="65A5DCA5F900FF8DFB49FECE2A1BFE1B" box="[1277,1343,370,394]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="1.[151,258,1680,1702]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,630,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,625,1659]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 14. Thraulodes sternimaculatus, nymph. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, detail of abdominal sterna; 4, gill IV. (scale: Figs. 12 = 2 mm. Fig. 3 = 1 mm. Fig. 4 = 0.5mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3772809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3772809/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B58493ABF900FF8DFF73FE292C05FE43" pageId="3" pageNumber="289" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="FD21C020F900FF8DFF73FE292BE4FE3F" blockId="3.[151,1437,154,898]" box="[199,1216,405,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F900FF8DFF73FE292E39FE3C" bold="true" box="[199,285,405,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Biology</emphasis>
. The nymphs were collected in a river of moderate current, inhabiting rocks and wood.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD21C020F900FF8DFF73FE052C05FE43" blockId="3.[151,1437,154,898]" box="[199,801,441,466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F900FF8DFF73FE052E93FE40" bold="true" box="[199,439,441,466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Life cycle association</emphasis>
. Male imago reared from nymph.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B58493ABF900FF8DFF73FE612F9EFD88" pageId="3" pageNumber="289" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FD21C020F900FF8DFF73FE612F9EFD88" blockId="3.[151,1437,154,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F900FF8DFF73FE612E7EFE64" bold="true" box="[199,346,477,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="858980B0F900FF8DFED4FE622E81FE67" box="[352,421,478,502]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: states of
<collectingRegion id="3F5A0EC2F900FF8DFDBBFE622DB0FE67" box="[527,660,478,502]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="3F5A0EC2F900FF8DFD7DFE622C27FE67" box="[713,771,478,502]" country="Brazil" name="Piaui" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Piauí</collectingRegion>
.
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F900FF8DFCB9FE622F9EFD88" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">
New record for the state of
<collectingRegion id="3F5A0EC2F900FF8DFBF1FE622BE5FE67" box="[1093,1217,478,502]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
: Caxias municipality.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B58493ABF900FF8DFF73FD992FD6FD17" pageId="3" pageNumber="289" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FD21C020F900FF8DFF73FD992FD6FD17" blockId="3.[151,1437,154,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F900FF8DFF73FD992E8CFDAC" bold="true" box="[199,424,549,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Material examined.</emphasis>
One mature male nymph and two male imagos (reared, exuviae mounted on slides),
<collectingCountry id="858980B0F900FF8DFAE0FD9A2ABCFDAF" box="[1364,1432,550,574]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="3F5A0EC2F900FF8DFF23FDF62E65FDF3" box="[151,321,586,610]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Maranhão State</collectingRegion>
, Caxias municipality, Riacho Guarimã,
<geoCoordinate id="98AAA6E7F900FF8DFD53FDF52C4FFDF0" box="[743,875,585,609]" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="289" precision="1" seconds="02.9" value="-4.834139">4°5002.9”S</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="98AAA6E7F900FF8DFCCEFDF62B32FDF3" box="[890,1046,586,610]" degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="289" precision="1" seconds="06.1" value="-43.485027">43°2906.1”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="8920E6E0F900FF8DFB95FDF62BB1FDF3" box="[1057,1173,586,610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="289" value="2018-06-16">16.vi.2018</date>
, Nascimento, S.
<collectionCode id="9B8F58E5F900FF8DFAF4FDF62A73FDF3" box="[1344,1367,586,610]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">R</collectionCode>
.S. col. (LEAq).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B58493ABF900FF8DFF73FD2D2B58FC13" pageId="3" pageNumber="289" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FD21C020F900FF8DFF73FD2D2B58FC13" blockId="3.[151,1437,154,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F900FF8DFF73FD2D2E6DFD38" bold="true" box="[199,329,657,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Comments.</emphasis>
Among the seven Brazilian species of
<taxonomicName id="3A9EBBA3F900FF8DFD58FD2E2C41FD3B" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[748,869,658,682]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F900FF8DFD58FD2E2C41FD3B" box="[748,869,658,682]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">Thraulodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known from the nymph, some have little descriptive information and lack illustrations, which makes it difficult to compare structures. The nymphs of
<taxonomicName id="3A9EBBA3F900FF8DFB14FD0A2A47FD5F" authorityName="Lima, Mariano &amp; Pinheiro" authorityYear="2013" box="[1184,1379,694,718]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternimaculatus">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F900FF8DFB14FD0A2A47FD5F" box="[1184,1379,694,718]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">T. sternimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have lanceolate gills tapering abruptly towards the apex, with the main trachea not branched, similar to
<taxonomicName id="3A9EBBA3F900FF8DFB77FD662A07FD63" box="[1219,1315,730,754]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonito">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F900FF8DFB77FD662A07FD63" box="[1219,1315,730,754]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">T. bonito</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The tarsal claw with denticles progressively larger apically is similar to
<taxonomicName id="3A9EBBA3F900FF8DFC95FD422C88FC84" authorityName="Traver &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[801,940,766,789]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiajanus">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F900FF8DFC95FD422C88FC84" box="[801,940,766,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">T. itatiajanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3A9EBBA3F900FF8DFC6BFD422B40FC87" authorityName="Traver &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[991,1124,766,790]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schlingeri">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F900FF8DFC6BFD422B40FC87" box="[991,1124,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">T. schlingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however,
<taxonomicName id="3A9EBBA3F900FF8DFB6CFD422AB8FC87" authorityName="Lima, Mariano &amp; Pinheiro" authorityYear="2013" box="[1240,1436,766,790]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sternimaculatus">
<emphasis id="CFEA1C32F900FF8DFB6CFD422AB8FC87" box="[1240,1436,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="289">T. sternimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from these species by the color pattern of the legs and abdomen (as in the above description and diagnosis) and details of the labrum with a medial deep emargination, with three small crenulations and lateral margin rounded. The latter character is not observed in other described nymphs from South America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>