408 lines
50 KiB
XML
408 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="EAE806ECE971B0AF157226E3908DBEBA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4810.1.8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3937151" ID-ZooBank="B3FB947B-68EB-4912-9EE8-71E23BC325F6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1594292313515" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Alvear, Dominique, Diaz, Peter H., Gibson, J. Randy, Jones, Mary & Perez, Kathryn E." docDate="2020" docId="687C87D22733FFD4FF60FAB0FD72FD57" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4810.1.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4810 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phreatodrobia spica Perez & Alvear 2020, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="9445FFAA2736FFDCFFF7FFD1FFA4FF98" masterDocTitle="An unusually sculptured new species of Phreatodrobia Hershler & Longley (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Cochliopidae) from central Texas" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="143" pageNumber="148" updateTime="1700277373770" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="66644420D37E21097ACC1A07208CE0B3">
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<mods:title id="9777CFD5E0666CEB461917CC5D06F685">An unusually sculptured new species of Phreatodrobia Hershler & Longley (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Cochliopidae) from central Texas</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F607A79876C59ADF29E9BAAD25EB021C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A43AA09F9A8CD33354CD4389DFA2AF68">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="32061A50B8635C07E00530FC81CAC326">Alvear, Dominique</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4470EAAA94A7021A851BE8CDBEDCF3B6" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="E58FE6C0A59E9E57728D67043E96F721">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FD09100B7CF89EA4BC39EDF718643A50">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3BF73CC3E35FCAEC3AA8561C10BF9FC8">Diaz, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="43AF46DD811222142A3D050B547ED8CB">Texas Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA. pete _ diaz @ fws. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2915 - 1043</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="CF754F9E89E175149F50B05A0A770695" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F53F9D21A9014F72B49A3C4BFE198EAB">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2601364FB77A8DD5F16C596397D1B275">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="722FA9139E39BC6CC595FF5E527387A7">Gibson, J. Randy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB6855DC22FBF85D2105872FDEF2642B">Aquatic Resources Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E87F32AD45A2988B1D76F0E93219AD7E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="342B8B613DCFEFC39E8AA19E9447565A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1A6C1E6B31FDD39A0899F2CAFCC0D774">Jones, Mary</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FF1B890E9255E54E4CDC69C3DDB79CD0">Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0CED6781F730D09E3E9F3D29D5644737">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C47EA0C80FD200265AF5F98C651E9DE0">Perez, Kathryn E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BA4930D8EB61593489D71AA9A8D9C12A">Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78542, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A54D9FCEBB0D0AB671FD0388607D85A5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9501DC464A0804C5EFF3C874E7C767C3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="64848D690CDAB69CB392592C97E9FBB0">
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<mods:date id="AF4C913F1F6CE28C194CB252C3F2DC16">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="77987F7CD61227ACD9F7D9AEFC3F4946">2020-07-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6ECAD84F2BAEC96D411589F654840984">4810</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="EC6C1E4BD49513B69B3950E7E57F8904">143</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="F653074B8D1FEC80C1F8F5D59796A1E5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8FB5321B3FC8D0AEF2F6A08FD4CAC50E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4810.1.8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="399220213F1FA2A55B368E7B70D34AFF" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="24A83051415AFD7D738E86B941EED517" type="Zenodo-Dep">3937151</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="15448610E438CBC12B49D26A25FEBB90" type="ZooBank">B3FB947B-68EB-4912-9EE8-71E23BC325F6</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="687C87D22733FFD4FF60FAB0FD72FD57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:687C87D22733FFD4FF60FAB0FD72FD57" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/687C87D22733FFD4FF60FAB0FD72FD57" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
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<subSubSection id="A8CF654F2733FFD9FF60FAB0FD04FAE3" box="[151,672,1377,1404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E06A36C42733FFD9FF60FAB0FD04FAE3" blockId="5.[151,672,1377,1439]" box="[151,672,1377,1404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
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<heading id="BB2281A82733FFD9FF60FAB0FD04FAE3" bold="true" box="[151,672,1377,1404]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62733FFD9FF60FAB0FD04FAE3" bold="true" box="[151,672,1377,1404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
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||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D472733FFD9FF60FAB0FDF5FAE3" authority="Perez & Alvear" authorityName="Perez & Alvear" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,593,1377,1404]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62733FFD9FF60FAB0FE2FFAE3" bold="true" box="[151,395,1377,1404]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Phreatodrobia spica</emphasis>
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Perez & Alvear
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C99257AD2733FFD9FDA9FAB0FD04FAE3" box="[606,672,1377,1403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A8CF654F2733FFD9FF60FA54FE36FA07" box="[151,402,1413,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="E06A36C42733FFD9FF60FA54FE36FA07" blockId="5.[151,672,1377,1439]" box="[151,402,1413,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
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<figureCitation id="78EE2A412733FFD9FF60FA54FF73FA07" box="[151,215,1413,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1873,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,489,1848]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Shells of Phreatodrobia spica n. sp. A–C. holotype, Comal Springs, ANSP 1446-A480669, height=1.32 mm, width=0.79 mm. D–E. Comal Springs, ANSP 1449-A480668, height=1.26 mm. F. Tahuaya Springs, ANSP 1423-A480671, height=1.43 mm. G–H. Finegan Springs, height = 1.35 mm. I–J. Comal Springs individual, operculum 0.72 mm top to bottom, operculum exterior. J. operculum ventral. K–L. Comal Springs, bodies ~1.5 mm long. K. Body ventral. L. Body dorsal. A–C are in the same scale. D–H are in the same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3937157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3937157/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A–L;
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<figureCitation id="78EE2A412733FFD9FEECFA54FEFFFA07" box="[283,347,1413,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1065,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1437,1065,1857]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM of shells of Phreatodrobia spica n. sp. A, B. Comal Springs, ANSP 1446-A480669. C. D. Comal Springs, ANSP 1446-A480669." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3937159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3937159/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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A–D
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A8CF654F2733FFD9FF60FA1DFE57F9CB" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E06A36C42733FFD9FF60FA1DFD60F993" blockId="5.[151,1437,1484,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62733FFD9FF60FA1DFEB6FA7F" bold="true" box="[151,274,1484,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A trochiform cavesnail with irregular, wide-based spikes and spiral lirae over the entire teleoconch, and having a large, ovate aperture with a reflected lip.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E06A36C42733FFD9FF30F9C4FE57F9CB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1484,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62733FFD9FF30F9C4FEA8F9B7" bold="true" box="[199,268,1557,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Types</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="50BD3C992733FFD9FED6F9C4FE57F9CB" collectionCode="ANSP" county="Comal County" location="Comal Springs" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" specimenCode="ANSP 1446, ANSP 1448" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Texas" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="3F6E88662733FFD9FED6F9C4FE2DF9B7" box="[289,393,1557,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCode id="B0739EBF2733FFD9FE61F9C4FD86F9B7" box="[406,546,1557,1583]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">ANSP 1446</specimenCode>
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-A480669,
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<typeStatus id="3F6E88662733FFD9FD5EF9C4FCB0F9B7" box="[681,788,1557,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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<specimenCode id="B0739EBF2733FFD9FCD7F9C4FC0FF9B7" box="[800,939,1557,1583]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">ANSP 1448</specimenCode>
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-A480670–1449-A480668 all from
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<location id="E50A601F2733FFD9FAA5F9C4FF4BF9CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:687C87D22733FFD4FF60FAB0FD72FD57:E50A601F2733FFD9FAA5F9C4FF4BF9CB" county="Comal County" name="Comal Springs" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" stateProvince="Texas">Comal Springs</location>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="090B4E482733FFD9FF0CF9E8FE04F9CB" box="[251,416,1593,1619]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Comal County</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="2211F8262733FFD9FE5CF9E8FE54F9CB" box="[427,496,1593,1619]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Texas</collectingRegion>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A8CF654F2733FFD9FF30F98CFB61F9EF" box="[199,1221,1628,1655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E06A36C42733FFD9FF30F98CFB61F9EF" blockId="5.[151,1437,1484,2015]" box="[199,1221,1628,1655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
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<materialsCitation id="50BD3C992733FFD9FF30F98CFB65F9EF" box="[199,1217,1628,1655]" county="Comal County" location="Spring Run" municipality="Spring" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62733FFD9FF30F98CFEC2F9EF" bold="true" box="[199,358,1628,1655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
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<typeStatus id="3F6E88662733FFD9FF30F98CFEA6F9EF" box="[199,258,1629,1655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingMunicipality id="000EACBE2733FFD9FE9BF98CFE13F9EF" box="[364,439,1629,1655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Spring</collectingMunicipality>
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orifices feeding
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<location id="E50A601F2733FFD9FD83F98CFD51F9EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:687C87D22733FFD4FF60FAB0FD72FD57:E50A601F2733FFD9FD83F98CFD51F9EF" box="[628,757,1629,1655]" county="Comal County" municipality="Spring" name="Spring Run" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" stateProvince="Texas">Spring Run</location>
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3,
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<location id="E50A601F2733FFD9FCE0F98CFC65F9EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:687C87D22733FFD4FF60FAB0FD72FD57:E50A601F2733FFD9FCE0F98CFC65F9EF" box="[791,961,1629,1655]" county="Comal County" municipality="Spring" name="Comal Springs" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" stateProvince="Texas">Comal Springs</location>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="090B4E482733FFD9FC3AF98CFBD6F9EF" box="[973,1138,1629,1655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Comal County</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="2211F8262733FFD9FB8BF98CFB65F9EF" box="[1148,1217,1629,1655]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Texas</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A8CF654F2733FFD9FF30F950FDDEF927" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="E06A36C42733FFD9FF30F950FDDEF927" blockId="5.[151,1437,1484,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62733FFD9FF30F950FEEAF903" bold="true" box="[199,334,1665,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Etymology.</emphasis>
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We use the specific epithet “spica” from the Latin for “spine” describing the shell sculpture having many narrowly tapering pustules or spines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A8CF654F2733FFD9FF30F918FBBEF97B" box="[199,1050,1737,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="E06A36C42733FFD9FF30F918FBBEF97B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1484,2015]" box="[199,1050,1737,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62733FFD9FF30F918FE9FF97B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1737,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Remarks.</emphasis>
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We propose the descriptive common name the “spiky cavesnail”.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A8CF654F2733FFD4FF30F93DFD72FD57" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E06A36C42733FFD9FF30F93DFAF7F847" blockId="5.[151,1437,1484,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62733FFD9FF30F93DFEFDF89F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1772,1799]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Description.</emphasis>
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Trochiform shell with rounded whorls and nearly gibbous body whorl. Protoconch (1.5 whorls) irregularly pitted (
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<figureCitation id="78EE2A412733FFD9FE93F8C0FE7BF8B3" box="[356,479,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1065,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1437,1065,1857]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM of shells of Phreatodrobia spica n. sp. A, B. Comal Springs, ANSP 1446-A480669. C. D. Comal Springs, ANSP 1446-A480669." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3937159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3937159/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Fig. 4B, D</figureCitation>
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). First non-embryonic whorl marked by raised, irregular spiral lirae and beginning of sculpture, including spikes and wide-based, pointed pustules. Spiral lirae extend to body whorl weakly, but irregular spikes and pustules increase in density and size extending to the lip with occasional sparse areas. Pustulose sculpture is highly unusual in hydrobioids (
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<bibRefCitation id="84444B352733FFD9FDE5F8ACFC8DF80F" author="Hershler, R. & Ponder, W. F." box="[530,809,1917,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref4808" refString="Hershler, R. & Ponder, W. F. (1998) A review of morphological characters of hydrobioid snails. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 600, 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.600" type="journal article" year="1998">Hershler & Ponder 1998</bibRefCitation>
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) and is a notable unique feature of
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<taxonomicName id="27D54D472733FFD9FB4DF8AFFAB5F80F" authorityName="Perez & Alvear" authorityYear="2020" box="[1210,1297,1918,1943]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
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<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62733FFD9FB4DF8AFFAB5F80F" box="[1210,1297,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">P. spica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Spiral lirae more visible when shell is dry. Recognizable growth lines on body whorl and wrinkles following the direction of body whorl. Impressed suture, with growth lines continuing to suture edge; spikes do not continue to suture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E06A36C42730FFDAFF30FF48FC3CFEDB" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
|
||
Aperture usually slightly touching body whorl, although sometimes completely detached in adults. Ovate aperture with reflected lip, tilting anteriorly. Variable degree of lip reflection with some individuals having a completely reflected and somewhat thickened lip and others only reflected on the inner lip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="78EE2A412730FFDAFBD1FF30FB37FF63" box="[1062,1171,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1873,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,489,1848]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Shells of Phreatodrobia spica n. sp. A–C. holotype, Comal Springs, ANSP 1446-A480669, height=1.32 mm, width=0.79 mm. D–E. Comal Springs, ANSP 1449-A480668, height=1.26 mm. F. Tahuaya Springs, ANSP 1423-A480671, height=1.43 mm. G–H. Finegan Springs, height = 1.35 mm. I–J. Comal Springs individual, operculum 0.72 mm top to bottom, operculum exterior. J. operculum ventral. K–L. Comal Springs, bodies ~1.5 mm long. K. Body ventral. L. Body dorsal. A–C are in the same scale. D–H are in the same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3937157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3937157/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="78EE2A412730FFDAFB56FF30FB15FF63" box="[1185,1201,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1065,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1437,1065,1857]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM of shells of Phreatodrobia spica n. sp. A, B. Comal Springs, ANSP 1446-A480669. C. D. Comal Springs, ANSP 1446-A480669." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3937159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3937159/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">4</figureCitation>
|
||
), lip does not reflect in juveniles. Some large individuals have a groove followed by a collabral ridge or varix behind aperture. Shell umbilicate, with reflected lip partially obscuring umbilicus in adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E06A36C42730FFDAFF30FE9CFDD0FE4B" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Shell colorless to light yellow. Juveniles translucent, less translucent with maturity but never fully opaque. Operculum amber, thin, slightly convex, ovate, paucispiral, with submarginal nucleus and thickening on ventral surface coming to a distinct point. Columellar edge of operculum nearly straight but operculum rounded elsewhere coming to a slightly elongated upper edge.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B4AA664C2730FFDAFF60F880FD22F862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3937157" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3937157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3937157/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" startId="6.[151,250,1873,1898]" targetBox="[151,1436,489,1848]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="E06A36C42730FFDAFF60F880FD22F862" blockId="6.[151,1437,1873,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62730FFDAFF60F880FEB2F8F2" bold="true" box="[151,278,1873,1898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D472730FFDAFE72F883FDF3F8F1" authority="Alvear & Diaz & Gibson & Jones & Perez, 2020" authorityName="Alvear & Diaz & Gibson & Jones & Perez" authorityYear="2020" box="[389,599,1874,1898]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62730FFDAFE72F883FDF3F8F1" box="[389,599,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Phreatodrobia spica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62730FFDAFD96F883FD7BF8F2" bold="true" box="[609,735,1873,1898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C99257AD2730FFDAFD96F883FD39F8F2" box="[609,669,1874,1898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A–C.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype, Comal Springs, ANSP 1446-A480669, height=1.32 mm, width=0.79 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62730FFDAFEBCF8A7FE25F816" bold="true" box="[331,385,1910,1934]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">D–E.</emphasis>
|
||
Comal Springs, ANSP 1449-A480668, height=1.26 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62730FFDAFC29F8A7FC55F816" bold="true" box="[990,1009,1910,1934]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Tahuaya Springs, ANSP 1423-A480671, height=1.43 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62730FFDAFEBCF848FE22F82A" bold="true" box="[331,390,1945,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">G–H.</emphasis>
|
||
Finegan Springs, height = 1.35 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62730FFDAFD0BF84BFC82F82A" bold="true" box="[764,806,1946,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">I–J.</emphasis>
|
||
Comal Springs individual, operculum 0.72 mm top to bottom, operculum exterior. J. operculum ventral.
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62730FFDAFDB2F86FFDD9F84E" bold="true" box="[581,637,1982,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">K–L.</emphasis>
|
||
Comal Springs, bodies ~1.5 mm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62730FFDAFBE5F86FFB88F84E" bold="true" box="[1042,1068,1982,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">K.</emphasis>
|
||
Body ventral.
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62730FFDAFB32F86FFB79F84E" bold="true" box="[1221,1245,1982,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">L.</emphasis>
|
||
Body dorsal. A–C are in the same scale. D–H are in the same scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E06A36C42731FFDBFF30FF48FE72FEFF" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
Eyes not visible. Tissues unpigmented. Penis approximately length of snout (approximate due to variable tissue contraction with alcohol preservation) with lobes along the inner curvature, not coiled as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D472731FFDBFB6CFF6FFB5FFF4F" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferriss" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1179,1275,190,215]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nugax">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFB6CFF6FFB5FFF4F" box="[1179,1275,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">P. nugax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Intestine fills much of the pallial cavity with an open coiled, S-shaped bend, larger but similar to that figured for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D472731FFDBFB2BFF33FAE5FF63" authorityName="Herschler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" box="[1244,1345,226,251]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="conica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFB2BFF33FAE5FF63" box="[1244,1345,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">P. conica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84444B352731FFDBFAB9FF30FE2DFE87" author="Hershler, R. & Longley, G." pageId="7" pageNumber="150" pagination="127 - 172" refId="ref4706" refString="Hershler, R. & Longley, G. (1986 b) Phreatic hydrobiids (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) from the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) aquifer Region, South-Central Texas. Malacologia, 27, 127 - 172. https: // repository. si. edu / handle / 10088 / 11313" type="journal article" year="1986">Hershler & Longley 1986b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 13E). Ctenidium stretches about halfway across the pallial cavity with the osphradium opposite midway. Osphradium occupies about 20% of pallial cavity length. Intestine sometimes filled with oval, orange-colored fecal pellets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E06A36C42731FFDBFF30FEA0FC63FD83" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
Twenty-one measured adult individuals from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F6E88662731FFDBFD04FEA0FC87FE13" box="[755,803,369,395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality had an average shell height of
|
||
<quantity id="272D9B212731FFDBFB16FEA0FAE2FE13" box="[1249,1350,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="1.19">1.19 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range: 1.37–
|
||
<quantity id="272D9B212731FFDBFF22FE44FE9BFE37" box="[213,319,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="0.74">0.74 mm</quantity>
|
||
), average shell width of
|
||
<quantity id="272D9B212731FFDBFDA3FE44FD1CFE37" box="[596,696,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="0.98">0.98 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range: 1.24–
|
||
<quantity id="272D9B212731FFDBFCA2FE44FC1AFE37" box="[853,958,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="0.49">0.49 mm</quantity>
|
||
), average aperture height
|
||
<quantity id="272D9B212731FFDBFB16FE44FAE2FE37" box="[1249,1350,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="0.67">0.67 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range: 0.90–
|
||
<quantity id="272D9B212731FFDBFF21FE68FE99FE4B" box="[214,317,441,467]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
), average aperture width
|
||
<quantity id="272D9B212731FFDBFDA3FE69FD1CFE4B" box="[596,696,440,467]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8999999999999995" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="0.59">0.59 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range: 0.91–
|
||
<quantity id="272D9B212731FFDBFCA6FE68FC1DFE4B" box="[849,953,441,467]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="0.36">0.36 mm</quantity>
|
||
), average number of all whorls 3.17 (range: 3.50–2.50). The shell is nearly as wide as it is tall with the average width ~83% of the average height. The aperture is very large, comprising 60% of the total shell width and 56% of height.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E06A36C42731FFDBFF30FDF5FAF0FCA3" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFF30FDF5FE5BFDA7" bold="true" box="[199,511,548,575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Habitat and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D472731FFDBFDFDFDF4FD56FDA7" authorityName="Alvear & Diaz & Gibson & Jones & Perez" authorityYear="2020" box="[522,754,549,575]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFDFDFDF4FD56FDA7" box="[522,754,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Phreatodrobia spica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from samples taken at three localities along the southern edge of the Edwards and Edwards-Trinity aquifers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="78EE2A412731FFDBFC96FD98FC67FDFB" box="[865,963,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1271,1296]" captionTargetBox="[162,1422,190,1228]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,181,1245]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of Texas with collection localities for Phreatodrobia spica n. sp. and additional Phreatodrobia spp. presented in phylogeny. Karstic regions highlighted in gray are drawn from US Karst Map dataset (Weary & Doctor 2014). Counties are also illustrated. Inset map of North America with the study area indicated, created by Benjamin Hutchins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3937153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3937153/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F6E88662731FFDBFBE2FD98FBE1FDFB" box="[1045,1093,585,611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is the waters emerging from spring orifices feeding into Spring Run #3, Comal Springs (Comal County), the largest springs in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2211F8262731FFDBFAACFDBCFA38FD1F" box="[1371,1436,621,647]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84444B352731FFDBFF68FD40FE8CFD33" author="Brune, G." box="[159,296,657,683]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" refId="ref4375" refString="Brune, G. (1981) Springs of Texas. Branch-Smith, Inc, Fort Worth, Texas, 566 pp." type="book" year="1981">Brune 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and home to numerous endangered aquatic species. The northernmost site where this species has been observed is Tahuaya Springs (Bell County). And finally, the westernmost record is Finegan Springs (Val Verde County) issuing from the east bank of the Devils River. Subterranean fauna associated with samples collected at each site include numerous species of isopods (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D472731FFDBFD4CFD2CFC80FC8F" authorityName="Bowman & Longley" authorityYear="1976" box="[699,804,765,791]" class="Malacostraca" family="Asellidae" genus="Lirceolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFD4CFD2CFC80FC8F" box="[699,804,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Lirceolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.), amphipods (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D472731FFDBFBF4FD2CFB30FC8F" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1872" box="[1027,1172,765,791]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crangonyctidae" genus="Stygobromus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFBF4FD2CFB30FC8F" box="[1027,1172,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Stygobromus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.), ostracods, mites (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D472731FFDBFF56FCF0FEE3FCA3" authorityName="Goldschmidt & Gerecke" authorityYear="2003" box="[161,327,801,827]" class="Arachnida" family="Hydryphantidae" genus="Almuerzothyas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFF56FCF0FEE3FCA3" box="[161,327,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Almuerzothyas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.), and interstitial crustaceans (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D472731FFDBFD49FCF0FC57FCA3" authorityName="Delamare Deboutteville, Coineau & Serban" authorityYear="1975" box="[702,1011,801,827]" class="Malacostraca" family="Parabathynellidae" genus="Texanobathynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bathynellacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bowmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFD49FCF0FC57FCA3" box="[702,1011,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Texanobathynella bowmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D472731FFDBFBDEFCF0FAE0FCA3" authorityName="Camacho, Hutchins, Schwartz, Dorda, Casado & Rey" authorityYear="2017" box="[1065,1348,801,827]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bathynellidae" genus="Hobbsinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bathynellacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFBDEFCF0FAE0FCA3" box="[1065,1348,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Hobbsinella edwardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E06A36C42731FFDBFF30FC94FC06FB8B" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,1043]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D472731FFDBFF30FC94FE09FCC7" authorityName="Alvear & Diaz & Gibson & Jones & Perez" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,429,837,863]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFF30FC94FE09FCC7" box="[199,429,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Phreatodrobia spica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be uncommon, although it is found across a wide distribution for a stygobitic snail, which tend to be narrow-range endemics. This distribution is similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D472731FFDBFBAAFCBBFB1EFC1B" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferriss" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1117,1210,874,899]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="micra">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFBAAFCBBFB1EFC1B" box="[1117,1210,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">P. micra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D472731FFDBFB06FCBBFAF4FC1B" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferriss" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1265,1360,874,899]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nugax">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFB06FCBBFAF4FC1B" box="[1265,1360,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">P. nugax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which also are found across the Edwards-Trinity Aquifer System. We examined the samples from a recent article, (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84444B352731FFDBFAB9FC5CFEB4FC53" author="Alvear, D. & Diaz, P. H. & Gibson, J. R. & Hutchins, B. & Schwartz, B. F. & Perez, K. E." pageId="7" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref4286" refString="Alvear, D., Diaz, P. H., Gibson, J. R., Hutchins, B., Schwartz, B. F. & Perez, K. E. (2020) Expanding the known ranges of the endemic, phreatic snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Texas, USA. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation, 23, 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.31931 / fmbc. v 22 i 2.2020.1 - 17" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Alvear
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFF60FC63FF6BFC53" box="[151,207,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that presented new records for phreatic snails from 80+ localities and did not find
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D472731FFDBFB45FC63FAADFC53" authorityName="Alvear & Diaz & Gibson & Jones & Perez" authorityYear="2020" box="[1202,1289,946,971]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFB45FC63FAADFC53" box="[1202,1289,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">P. spica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in additional localities. Less than 100 individuals of this species were encountered in thousands of hours of sampling with only a single individual at Finegan Springs, a site with very dense sampling.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B4AA664C2731FFDBFF60F88BFEDAF80F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3937159" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3937159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3937159/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" startId="7.[151,250,1882,1907]" targetBox="[151,1437,1065,1857]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="E06A36C42731FFDBFF60F88BFEDAF80F" blockId="7.[151,1436,1882,1943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFF60F88BFEB0F8EB" bold="true" box="[151,276,1882,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM of shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D472731FFDBFE25F88BFD05F8EA" authority="Alvear & Diaz & Gibson & Jones & Perez, 2020" authorityName="Alvear & Diaz & Gibson & Jones & Perez" authorityYear="2020" box="[466,673,1882,1906]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFE25F88BFD05F8EA" box="[466,673,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">Phreatodrobia spica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFD5EF88BFC86F8EA" bold="true" box="[681,802,1882,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C99257AD2731FFDBFD5EF88BFD40F8EA" box="[681,740,1882,1906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, B.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Comal Springs, ANSP 1446-A480669.
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD62731FFDBFB4AF88BFB52F8EA" bold="true" box="[1213,1270,1882,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="150">C. D.</emphasis>
|
||
Comal Springs, ANSP 1446-A480669.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E06A36C4273EFFD4FF30FF49FE72FEDB" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FF30FF49FCF8FF2B" bold="true" box="[199,860,152,179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Comparison with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FE1EFF49FD2BFF2B" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" box="[489,655,152,179]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FE1EFF49FD2BFF2B" bold="true" box="[489,655,152,179]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Phreatodrobia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the region.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The prominent sculptural features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FAFCFF4BFAC7FF2B" authorityName="Alvear & Diaz & Gibson & Jones & Perez" authorityYear="2020" box="[1291,1379,154,179]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FAFCFF4BFAC7FF2B" box="[1291,1379,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">P. spica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually readily distinguish it from other known phreatic snails of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2211F826273EFFD4FCA4FF6CFC3CFF4F" box="[851,920,189,215]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
. These include slender, sharp, and needle-like spikes, and tapered, blister-like pustules, however, all shells can probably be worn smooth over time. Therefore, the combination of shell shape and sculptural features are required to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FBCBFED7FB30FE87" authorityName="Alvear & Diaz & Gibson & Jones & Perez" authorityYear="2020" box="[1084,1172,262,287]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FBCBFED7FB30FE87" box="[1084,1172,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">P. spica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shells from the known phreatic snails of the region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E06A36C4273EFFD4FF30FE9CFF5CFDA7" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FF30FE9CFE0AFEFF" authorityName="Alvear & Diaz & Gibson & Jones & Perez" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,430,333,359]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FF30FE9CFE0AFEFF" box="[199,430,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Phreatodrobia spica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a trochiform shell, slightly taller than wide, with a large, rounded aperture. Species with a very depressed shell (wider than tall) such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FD12FEA0FC4FFE13" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" box="[741,1003,369,395]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Balconorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="uvaldensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FD12FEA0FC4FFE13" box="[741,1003,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Balconorbis uvaldensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FC0DFEA3FBF2FE13" authorityName="Herschler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" box="[1018,1110,369,395]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plana">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FC0DFEA3FBF2FE13" box="[1018,1110,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">P. plana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FB93FEA3FB7CFE13" authorityName="Herschler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" box="[1124,1240,369,395]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rotunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FB93FEA3FB7CFE13" box="[1124,1240,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">P. rotunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FAE1FEA3FAD6FE13" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferriss" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1302,1394,370,395]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="micra">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FAE1FEA3FAD6FE13" box="[1302,1394,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">P. micra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are readily distinguished.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FE78FE47FDCBFE37" authorityName="F. G. Thompson & Hershler" authorityYear="1991" box="[399,623,405,431]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Texapyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FE78FE47FDCBFE37" box="[399,623,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Texapyrgus longleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FD8AFE47FC8EFE37" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferriss" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[637,810,405,431]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Tryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diaboli">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FD8AFE47FC8EFE37" box="[637,810,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Tryonia diaboli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FC90FE44FBDEFE37" authorityName="Herschler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" box="[871,1146,405,431]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Stygopyrgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bartonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FC90FE44FBDEFE37" box="[871,1146,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Stygopyrgus bartonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinguished by their elongate or conical shells (much taller than wide).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FD13FE68FC6BFE4B" baseAuthorityName="Hershler & Longley" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[740,975,441,467]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taylori">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FD13FE68FC6BFE4B" box="[740,975,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Phreatoceras taylori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an uncoiled (trumpet shaped) shell.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FF60FE0CFE3AFE6F" box="[151,414,477,503]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronae">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FF60FE0CFE3AFE6F" box="[151,414,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Phreatodrobia coronae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a distinctive horn-like protoconch.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FC92FE0CFBC4FE6F" authorityName="Herschler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" box="[869,1120,477,503]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="imitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FC92FE0CFBC4FE6F" box="[869,1120,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Phreatodrobia imitata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FB6CFE0FFABEFE6F" authorityName="Herschler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" box="[1179,1306,478,503]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FB6CFE0FFABEFE6F" box="[1179,1306,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">P. punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar in shape, but with a much smaller body whorl compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FCB0FDD3FC3BFD83" authorityName="Alvear & Diaz & Gibson & Jones & Perez" authorityYear="2020" box="[839,927,514,539]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FCB0FDD3FC3BFD83" box="[839,927,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">P. spica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as distinctive sculpture and aperture features.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E06A36C4273EFFD4FF30FD98FD72FD57" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FE8CFD98FDBAFDFB" authorityName="Hershler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" box="[379,542,585,611]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FE8CFD98FDBAFDFB" box="[379,542,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Phreatodrobia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have potential for misidentification with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FC0DFD9BFBF6FDFB" authorityName="Alvear & Diaz & Gibson & Jones & Perez" authorityYear="2020" box="[1018,1106,586,611]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FC0DFD9BFBF6FDFB" box="[1018,1106,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">P. spica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As currently circumscribed,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FF60FDBFFF53FD1F" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferriss" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[151,247,622,647]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nugax">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FF60FDBFFF53FD1F" box="[151,247,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">P. nugax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a highly variable shell; very tall (elevated)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FCFAFDBFFCC8FD1F" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Ferriss" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[781,876,622,647]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nugax">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FCFAFDBFFCC8FD1F" box="[781,876,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">P. nugax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be difficult to identify based on shell shape alone and would require reference to shell sculpture.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FD1BFD40FC45FD33" authorityName="Herschler & Longley" authorityYear="1986" box="[748,993,657,683]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="conica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FD1BFD40FC45FD33" box="[748,993,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">Phreatodrobia conica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a shape similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27D54D47273EFFD4FB16FD43FA9CFD33" authorityName="Alvear & Diaz & Gibson & Jones & Perez" authorityYear="2020" box="[1249,1336,658,683]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Phreatodrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2A1EAD6273EFFD4FB16FD43FA9CFD33" box="[1249,1336,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="151">P. spica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but with a minimally reflected lip and narrower body whorl.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |