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<document id="5770C94BD6AE1D532BE0C2CA46CE401A" ID-CLB-Dataset="8785" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4822.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f08bfa4e-271a-4459-88bc-e846bcf4a0d2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4401711" ID-ZooBank="B87B0063-9D1B-4FD7-A2B4-EB3622FCE68A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609337928310" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Peña Cantero, Álvaro L." docDate="2020" docId="513D0740FFE6D43354FCFE75FB1B42D3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4822.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4822 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Zygophylax niobae Peña Cantero 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="353672F0-A2D0-4061-967A-081E319B74DC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="400" masterDocId="AD047F38FFEDD438546BFFE7FFA34465" masterDocTitle="On six new species of Zygophylax Quelch, 1885 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa Zygophylacidae) from the New Calendonian region" masterLastPageNumber="404" masterPageNumber="389" pageNumber="400" updateTime="1698849726705" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="3CF446331AF19D5A1AA930FEC8B75D55">On six new species of Zygophylax Quelch, 1885 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa Zygophylacidae) from the New Calendonian region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4E01FE6426524CC93E97A144095EA156">Peña Cantero, Álvaro L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E063F922FE4D2FD4BDFD64A6EF33CB3B">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="513D0740FFE6D43354FCFE75FB1B42D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401701" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177009828" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4401701" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:353672F0-A2D0-4061-967A-081E319B74DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/513D0740FFE6D43354FCFE75FB1B42D3" lastPageNumber="400" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
<subSubSection id="918EE5DDFFE6D43354FCFE75FE4045C8" box="[151,483,402,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE6D43354FCFE75FE4045C8" blockId="11.[151,1071,402,495]" box="[151,483,402,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
<heading id="8263013AFFE6D43354FCFE75FE4045C8" bold="true" box="[151,483,402,429]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D43354FCFE75FE4045C8" bold="true" box="[151,483,402,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFE6D43354FCFE75FEDE45C8" authority="Peña Cantero, 2020" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,381,402,429]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="niobae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D43354FCFE75FEDE45C8" bold="true" box="[151,381,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Zygophylax niobae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0D3D73FFFE6D43355EEFE74FE4045C8" box="[389,483,403,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="918EE5DDFFE6D43354FCFE50FB8C458A" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" type="description">
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE6D43354FCFE50FECB45B4" blockId="11.[151,1071,402,495]" box="[151,360,439,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
(
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D43354F4FE50FF5645B4" box="[159,245,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,184,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[247,1339,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, Colony shape, branching and coppiniae (arrows); B, detail of coppinia. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: D, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: E, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: F, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: G, colony shape, branching and coppinia (circle); H, detail of coppinia. (All material from holotypes). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401713/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Figs 1F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D433556AFE50FEAD45B4" box="[257,270,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[190,1397,181,1880]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca. Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses and axillary hydrotheca; C, hydrocladial hydrothecae. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: D, distal stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses, axillary hydrotheca, and nematotheca; E, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401725/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">7</figureCitation>
BC, 8)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE6D43354FCFE35FB8C458A" blockId="11.[151,1071,402,495]" box="[151,1071,466,495]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
<uri id="AD05BA54FFE6D43354FCFE35FB8C458A" box="[151,1071,466,495]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="AD328C83FFE6D43355A4FE35FB8C458A" box="[463,1071,466,495]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">353672F0-A2D0-4061-967A-081E319B74DC</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="918EE5DDFFE6D43354FCFDFBFEEB461B" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE6D43354FCFDFBFEEB461B" blockId="11.[151,1437,540,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D43354FCFDFBFE214653" bold="true" box="[151,386,540,566]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="69FCBC0BFFE6D43355E0FDFBFEE7461B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019647301" collectingDate="1985-08-29" collectorName="Stn DW" country="New Caledonia" elevation="665" latitude="-23.148333" location="New Caledonia" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="167.18817" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
BIOCAL 1
<collectorName id="7461D380FFE6D4335679FDFBFDCD4652" box="[530,622,540,567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Stn DW</collectorName>
36, 23°08.64
<geoCoordinate id="BCA0D091FFE6D433574AFDFBFC3D4653" box="[801,926,540,566]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="08.90" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" precision="9" value="-23.148333">23°08.90S</geoCoordinate>
, 167°10.99
<geoCoordinate id="BCA0D091FFE6D433505FFDFBFB1C4653" box="[1076,1215,540,566]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="11.29" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" precision="9" value="167.18817">167°11.29E</geoCoordinate>
(S of
<collectingCountry id="A183F6C6FFE6D4335163FDFAFF1F463E" name="New Caledonia" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
),
<quantity id="1E6C1BB3FFE6D43354BBFDA7FEEC463E" box="[208,335,576,603]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" unit="m" value="665.0" valueMax="680.0" valueMin="650.0">
<elevation id="52B95165FFE6D43354BBFDA7FEEC463E" box="[208,335,576,603]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" unit="m" value="665.0" valueMax="680.0" valueMin="650.0">650680 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="AD2A9096FFE6D4335530FDA7FE78463E" box="[347,475,576,603]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" value="1985-08-29">
<collectingDate id="BD6E697EFFE6D4335530FDA7FE78463E" box="[347,475,576,603]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" value="1985-08-29">29.08.1985</collectingDate>
</date>
: a few stems up to
<quantity id="1E6C1BB3FFE6D43356D9FDA7FCA2463E" box="[690,769,576,603]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
high (
<typeStatus id="062F08F4FFE6D4335723FDA7FC16463F" box="[840,949,576,602]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, MNHN-IK-2019-2046;
<typeStatus id="062F08F4FFE6D43350A4FDA6FA91463E" box="[1231,1330,577,603]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, MNHN-IK-2019-2047)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="918EE5DDFFE6D43354ACFD6FFA35412A" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" type="description">
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE6D43354ACFD6FFEFB468F" blockId="11.[151,1437,540,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D43354ACFD6FFEFA46C7" bold="true" box="[199,345,648,674]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Description.</emphasis>
Stems up to
<quantity id="1E6C1BB3FFE6D4335585FD6FFD9D46C6" box="[494,574,648,675]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
high, slightly polysiphonic except for their most distal part (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D4335086FD6FFAE146C7" box="[1261,1346,648,674]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,184,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[247,1339,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, Colony shape, branching and coppiniae (arrows); B, detail of coppinia. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: D, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: E, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: F, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: G, colony shape, branching and coppinia (circle); H, detail of coppinia. (All material from holotypes). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401713/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). Stems and branches in a distinct zigzag pattern (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D4335610FD4BFD7046A3" box="[635,723,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,184,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[247,1339,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, Colony shape, branching and coppiniae (arrows); B, detail of coppinia. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: D, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: E, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: F, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: G, colony shape, branching and coppinia (circle); H, detail of coppinia. (All material from holotypes). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401713/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Figs 1F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D4335689FD4AFCA646A2" box="[738,773,685,711]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[190,1397,181,1880]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca. Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses and axillary hydrotheca; C, hydrocladial hydrothecae. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: D, distal stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses, axillary hydrotheca, and nematotheca; E, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401725/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">7B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D433577FFD4BFC9A46A3" box="[788,825,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,181,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[218,1369,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: AC, stem fragments showing hydrocladial apophyses and axillary hydrothecae; DE, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; FH, hydrothecae. (All photographs from the holotype). Scale bar: 200 µm (AE), 100 µm (FH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">8A</figureCitation>
). Hydrocladia monosiphonic or slightly polysiphonic basally (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D433549DFD37FEE9468F" box="[246,330,720,746]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,184,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[247,1339,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, Colony shape, branching and coppiniae (arrows); B, detail of coppinia. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: D, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: E, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: F, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: G, colony shape, branching and coppinia (circle); H, detail of coppinia. (All material from holotypes). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401713/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE6D43354ACFD13FD9F47FA" blockId="11.[151,1437,540,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
First-order branching alternate, in one plane, but with hydrocladia grouped in sub-opposite pairs (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D4335179FD13FACB476B" box="[1298,1384,756,782]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,184,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[247,1339,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, Colony shape, branching and coppiniae (arrows); B, detail of coppinia. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: D, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: E, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: F, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: G, colony shape, branching and coppinia (circle); H, detail of coppinia. (All material from holotypes). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401713/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Figs 1F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D433511EFD12FA34476A" box="[1397,1431,757,783]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[190,1397,181,1880]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca. Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses and axillary hydrotheca; C, hydrocladial hydrothecae. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: D, distal stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses, axillary hydrotheca, and nematotheca; E, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401725/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">7B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D43354FCFCFFFF184757" box="[151,187,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,181,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[218,1369,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: AC, stem fragments showing hydrocladial apophyses and axillary hydrothecae; DE, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; FH, hydrothecae. (All photographs from the holotype). Scale bar: 200 µm (AE), 100 µm (FH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">8A</figureCitation>
) and with two hydrothecae between successive pairs. Some hydrocladia becoming branches or lower-order stems and usually giving rise to a single hydrocladium, usually directed frontwards, at its first internode (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D4335152FCDBFA2D4733" box="[1337,1422,828,854]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,184,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[247,1339,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, Colony shape, branching and coppiniae (arrows); B, detail of coppinia. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: D, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: E, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: F, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: G, colony shape, branching and coppinia (circle); H, detail of coppinia. (All material from holotypes). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401713/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). However, some primary branches more developed, with extra secondary hydrocladia (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D4335030FC87FB0C471F" box="[1115,1199,864,890]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,184,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-30@2.[247,1339,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zygophylax dispersa sp. nov.: A, Colony shape, branching and coppiniae (arrows); B, detail of coppinia. Zygophylax encarnae sp. nov.: C, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax laertesi sp. nov.: D, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: E, colony shape, branching and coppinia (arrow). Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: F, colony shape and branching. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: G, colony shape, branching and coppinia (circle); H, detail of coppinia. (All material from holotypes). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401713/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). Branching frequent (up to fourth-order branches present).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE6D43354ACFC4FFCF04782" blockId="11.[151,1437,540,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
Separation between apophyses and hydrocladia usually marked only by a strong constriction of perisarc (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D4335101FC4FFF194782" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[190,1397,181,1880]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca. Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses and axillary hydrotheca; C, hydrocladial hydrothecae. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: D, distal stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses, axillary hydrotheca, and nematotheca; E, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401725/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Figs 7B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D43354ADFC2BFF714783" box="[198,210,972,998]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,181,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[218,1369,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: AC, stem fragments showing hydrocladial apophyses and axillary hydrothecae; DE, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; FH, hydrothecae. (All photographs from the holotype). Scale bar: 200 µm (AE), 100 µm (FH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">8</figureCitation>
AC). Angle between apophyses and hydrocladia 4550°.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE6D43354ACFC17FCE840DB" blockId="11.[151,1437,540,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
Hydrothecae on one side of stem, in two planes (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D4335685FC17FCEA406F" box="[750,841,1008,1034]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,181,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[218,1369,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: AC, stem fragments showing hydrocladial apophyses and axillary hydrothecae; DE, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae; FH, hydrothecae. (All photographs from the holotype). Scale bar: 200 µm (AE), 100 µm (FH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
); angle more acute distally. Hydrotheca campanulate (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D43354F4FBF3FF46404B" box="[159,229,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[190,1397,181,1880]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca. Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses and axillary hydrotheca; C, hydrocladial hydrothecae. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: D, distal stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses, axillary hydrotheca, and nematotheca; E, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401725/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Figs 7</figureCitation>
BC, 8), bent adcaudally. Abcauline wall convex, adcauline one concave. Aperture circular, rim flared, usually with a few renovations. Pedicel short, cone-shaped (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D4335774FBDFFCC44037" box="[799,871,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[190,1397,181,1880]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca. Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses and axillary hydrotheca; C, hydrocladial hydrothecae. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: D, distal stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses, axillary hydrotheca, and nematotheca; E, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401725/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Figs 7</figureCitation>
BC, 8), separated from hydrotheca by a thin ring of perisarc. Typically, with a relatively long intermediate internode between apophysis and pedicel (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D433509EFBBBFA984013" box="[1269,1339,1116,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[190,1397,181,1880]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca. Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses and axillary hydrotheca; C, hydrocladial hydrothecae. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: D, distal stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses, axillary hydrotheca, and nematotheca; E, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401725/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Figs 7</figureCitation>
BC, 8); intermediate internode slightly swollen at distal end (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D433568CFB67FC8F40FF" box="[743,812,1152,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[190,1397,181,1880]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca. Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses and axillary hydrotheca; C, hydrocladial hydrothecae. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: D, distal stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses, axillary hydrotheca, and nematotheca; E, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401725/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Figs 7</figureCitation>
BC, 8). Hydrothecal apophyses and intermediate internode separated by a strong constriction of perisarc (
<figureCitation id="41AFAAD3FFE6D43356B1FB43FC9D40DB" box="[730,830,1188,1214]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[190,1397,181,1880]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Zygophylax medeae sp. nov.: A, hydrocladial apophysis and axillary hydrotheca. Zygophylax niobae sp. nov.: B, stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses and axillary hydrotheca; C, hydrocladial hydrothecae. Zygophylax pseudoabietinella sp. nov.: D, distal stem fragment showing hydrocladial apophyses, axillary hydrotheca, and nematotheca; E, hydrocladial fragment showing shape and arrangement of hydrothecae. (All drawings from holotypes). Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4401725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4401725/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Figs. 7C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE6D43354ACFB2FFCAB4086" blockId="11.[151,1437,540,1719]" box="[199,776,1224,1251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Nematothecae not observed (they might be absent).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE6D43354ACFB0BFE004163" blockId="11.[151,1437,540,1719]" box="[199,419,1260,1286]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Gonothecae absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE6D43354ACFAF6FA35412A" blockId="11.[151,1437,540,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
Measurements (in µm).
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D43355A0FAF7FDF5414F" box="[459,598,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Hydrothecae</emphasis>
: length of adcauline wall 200240, length of abcauline wall 250350, diameter at aperture 100120, diameter at diaphragm 50, length of pedicel 6080, length of intermediate internode 160250.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="918EE5DDFFE6D43354ACFABFFCA242F6" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE6D43354ACFABFFCA242F6" blockId="11.[151,1437,540,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D43354ACFABFFE984117" bold="true" box="[199,315,1368,1394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFE6D4335528FABFFDB84117" authority="Peña Cantero, 2020" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2020" box="[323,539,1368,1394]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="niobae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D4335528FABFFDB84117" box="[323,539,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Zygophylax niobae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D4335648FABFFDDD4117" bold="true" box="[547,638,1368,1394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0D3D73FFFE6D4335648FABFFDDD4117" box="[547,638,1368,1394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFE6D433577DFABEFB9B4117" authority="Billard, 1942" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1942" box="[790,1080,1368,1394]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D433577DFABEFC384117" box="[790,923,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Z. bifurcata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BD05CBA7FFE6D43357C8FABFFB9B4117" author="Billard, A." box="[931,1080,1368,1394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" pagination="34 - 36" refId="ref6578" refString="Billard, A. (1942) Note sur une nouvelle espece et une nouvelle variete de Zygophylax (hydroides). Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 67, 34 - 36." type="journal article" year="1942">
Billard,
<quantity id="1E6C1BB3FFE6D433506BFABFFB9B4117" box="[1024,1080,1368,1394]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.93268" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" unit="in" value="1942.0">1942</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the general shape of the hydrotheca. However, in
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFE6D43355F2FA9AFDBD41F3" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1942" box="[409,542,1404,1430]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D43355F2FA9AFDBD41F3" box="[409,542,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Z. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the hydrotheca, more or less symmetrical, is straight, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFE6D4335163FA9AFAD141F3" authority="Peña Cantero, 2020" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2020" box="[1288,1394,1404,1430]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="niobae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D4335163FA9AFAD141F3" box="[1288,1394,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Z. niobae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D4335110FA9BFF6B41DF" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0D3D73FFFE6D4335110FA9BFF6B41DF" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
it is markedly bent. The hydrothecae are also distinctly larger in
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFE6D43357C2FA46FB8D41DF" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1942" box="[937,1070,1440,1466]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D43357C2FA46FB8D41DF" box="[937,1070,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Z. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="1E6C1BB3FFE6D4335056FA47FB6D41DE" box="[1085,1230,1440,1467]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" unit="mm" value="170.0" valueMax="185.0" valueMin="155.0">155185 µm</quantity>
in diameter at aperture,
<quantity id="1E6C1BB3FFE6D433548CFA23FED541BA" box="[231,374,1476,1503]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.425" metricValueMax="3.65" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" unit="mm" value="342.5" valueMax="365.0" valueMin="320.0">320365 µm</quantity>
in length from diaphragm to rim). In
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFE6D4335775FA22FC0241BB" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1942" box="[798,929,1476,1502]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D4335775FA22FC0241BB" box="[798,929,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Z. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, according to
<bibRefCitation id="BD05CBA7FFE6D4335029FA23FAC341BB" author="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W." box="[1090,1376,1476,1503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref7243" refString="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1992) Report on the Hydroida collected by the &quot; BALGIM &quot; expedition in and around the Strait of Gibraltar. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 277, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1992">Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, who re-described the species, the pedicel is long, with wrinkled to indistinctly ringed portions. In
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFE6D43350C3FA0EFAB14267" authority="Peña Cantero, 2020" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2020" box="[1192,1298,1512,1538]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="niobae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D43350C3FA0EFAB14267" box="[1192,1298,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Z. niobae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D4335172FA0FFAD04267" bold="true" box="[1305,1395,1512,1538]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0D3D73FFFE6D4335172FA0FFAD04267" box="[1305,1395,1512,1538]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
the cone-shaped pedicel is short, and there is a long intermediate internode between hydrothecal apophysis and pedicel; occasionally, instead of a long intermediate internode there is a series of shorter ones, likely as a result of regeneration. The pedicel in
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFE6D4335519F9B2FE56420B" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1942" box="[370,501,1620,1646]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D4335519F9B2FE56420B" box="[370,501,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Z. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much longer (
<quantity id="1E6C1BB3FFE6D43356C0F9B3FC98420A" box="[683,827,1620,1647]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" unit="mm" value="515.0" valueMax="570.0" valueMin="460.0">460570 µm</quantity>
) than in
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFE6D43357F0F9B2FBA0420B" authority="Peña Cantero, 2020" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2020" box="[923,1027,1620,1646]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="niobae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D43357F0F9B2FBA0420B" box="[923,1027,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Z. niobae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D4335062F9B3FBC2420B" bold="true" box="[1033,1121,1620,1646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0D3D73FFFE6D4335062F9B3FBC2420B" box="[1033,1121,1620,1646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<quantity id="1E6C1BB3FFE6D4335004F9B3FB46420A" box="[1135,1253,1620,1647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">6080 µm</quantity>
), even including the length of the intermediate internode (
<quantity id="1E6C1BB3FFE6D433560BF99FFD5642F6" box="[608,757,1656,1683]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" unit="mm" value="205.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="160.0">160250 µm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="918EE5DDFFE6D43354ACF97BFB1B42D3" box="[199,1208,1692,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D92BB656FFE6D43354ACF97BFB1B42D3" blockId="11.[151,1437,540,1719]" box="[199,1208,1692,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D43354ACF97BFEED42D3" bold="true" box="[199,334,1692,1718]" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name
<taxonomicName id="1E94CDD5FFE6D4335643F97BFDD742D3" authorityName="Peña Cantero" authorityYear="2020" box="[552,628,1692,1718]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="400" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="niobae">
<emphasis id="EBE06A44FFE6D4335643F97BFDD742D3" box="[552,628,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="400">niobae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a dedication to my daughter Níobe Peña Sancho.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>