185 lines
21 KiB
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185 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="BFA9F1758E9018D03DB143F5EE0CD26A" ID-CLB-Dataset="34503" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.228.3211" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0bcd4913-c6ba-4632-a418-5415a7dd35e7" ID-PMC="PMC3487642" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-228-59" ID-PubMed="23166471" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-228-59" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 228" ModsDocTitle="A review of the genus Megapulvinaria Young (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Coccidae) from China, with a description of a new species" checkinTime="1451248678466" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wang, Fang & Feng, Ji-Nian" docDate="2012" docId="00DFD84BF72099580C9A0C3D93332678" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 228: 59-68" docOrigin="ZooKeys 228" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.228.3211" docTitle="Megapulvinaria maxima Green 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="B92D6F25031DFFB4FFA4FFF3276DFFD7" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Megapulvinaria Young (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Coccidae) from China, with a description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1732793628026" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="71A97B2247ADF2195F882C3ED4E91526">A review of the genus Megapulvinaria Young (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Coccidae) from China, with a description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6E4A0812709A6C9E7BADC24FF188AEE0">Wang, Fang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E5BBABD7761CFFDD75B7C08B75BBFF1A">Feng, Ji-Nian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2F26B7D30BE120C6236BE90B52560CFC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="B017671A56A1BFEB4EB01E316C23BF33">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6AFC0152A83560B1260646EF4EE5C680">228</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="AF4CD9E1B169C9E256F7C48187873B7C">59</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="5F1C89CA2B9E36CFB172CA3970630E6B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="96E32F9BBFB2DCFFE0C8C454A36ED6A5" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.228.3211</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="109F74E3E591732A249D10432BC39656" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-228-59</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="00DFD84BF72099580C9A0C3D93332678" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037312" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:00DFD84BF72099580C9A0C3D93332678" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/00DFD84BF72099580C9A0C3D93332678" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" scope_family="Coccidae" scope_order="Hemiptera" scope_superFamily="Coccoidea">
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<subSubSection id="F2480E44E94041C60E54F8321F8BF77E" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C98E053CD7F29A8BFF745683BC1421AE" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="3CDF1FCDFF1920140AFB26A0025AC061" ID-CoL="3YWYK" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Megapulvinaria_maxima" authority="Green, 1904" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megapulvinaria maxima" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904)</taxonomicName>
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Figure 1
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CD206B51010AA774C949AA4ECB740533" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="EC769F25AC47EFB953DBB31BA3963039" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="01948526BD159876B279B6C0C0EB8A2F" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria maxima" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">Pulvinaria maxima</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="1B1BD4A47EB90CCEF5DBF07091681BEB" author="Green, EE" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="204 - 210" title="On some Javanese Coccidae: with descriptions of new species." volume="40" year="1904">Green 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 206.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DF4365630188D286B9078FB95B43F80B" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="2F64F353A43A3D8407B96BAD1CC62A83" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulvinaria thespesiae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thespesiae">Pulvinaria thespesiae</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="1285845EDF7752B0F646069340D1EE04" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Green 1909</bibRefCitation>
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: 259. Syn. by Takahashi 1935: 10.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA1D4B4894571D2FEE2F3CBD164433" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="41ECB2B30085C89300A4CCD86F034DB8" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Eriochiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriochiton formosae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosae">Eriochiton formosae</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="1C92830D0404BC5D9F48A274CC61FF1C" author="Takahashi, R" journalOrPublisher="The Institute Taihoku, Formosa" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 82" title="Observations on the Coccidae of Formosa, Part I." volume="40" year="1929">Takahashi 1929</bibRefCitation>
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: 64. Syn. by Takahashi 1935: 10.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3CAC46C711EEE17CBD5516FC3CAB0F80" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="F4B9E37C1CCAA31FA10B4ED7B0163E26" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megapulvinaria maxima" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">Megapulvinaria maxima</taxonomicName>
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(Green),
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<bibRefCitation id="A6068F397C93287D4EFD2418494B4BCC" author="Young, PL" journalOrPublisher="Shanghai Science & Technology Press, Shanghai, China" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" title="General classification of scale insects in China." year="1982">Young 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: 162.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7DF90D455AA2EF48822CA432EDB44DE" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="material examined">
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<paragraph id="9DB20A60EA03FB8BA1552AA3D95EF97B" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E12E7AA8C97FE0BB794546357350C04B" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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5 adult females, CHINA, Yunnan, Jingdong, 18. x. 1976 on Pigeonpea (
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<taxonomicName id="E549E2C81685159611DF2A2C1F9EE133" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cajanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cajanus cajan" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cajan">Cajanus cajan</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Millsp., Leguminosae), Xiao-Ze Chen (NWAFU).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B747BCD753C0DB3B922543FF3BE044CD" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="note">
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<paragraph id="02AC30A570212DA2B5852215F35545C2" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3D2A338C06097CBCED95EE01B785C0F2" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">The measurements are based on all 5 specimens.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DF75805402AC2AE2BB4C2D4D73A2C171" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D02194312AA8CDA204B295E48F956555" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="655A1DCF30D06DD46BF9030717C5D860" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Adult female. Mounted material. Body elongate oval, about 4.2-6.2 mm long and 2.7-3.8 mm wide. Anal cleft approximately 1/7 of the body length. Stigmatic clefts deep.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A2A98B715428440AED13D7D79E8C8174" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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Dorsum. Derm membranous. Dermal areolations well developed, each with 1 or 2 dorsal microducts. Dorsal setae conical, with a well-developed basal socket, each 8-16
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<normalizedToken id="6B26EFF8F223C85635F9C33D19EEEC3E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, scattered throughout. Dorsal simple pores each with a slightly sclerotized margin, randomly distributed. Dorsal microducts each with a very short outer ductule and a longer, fairly broad inner filamentous ductule, sparsely located in dorsal areaolations. Dorsal tubular ducts each with a short outer ductule and a fine inner ductule with a minute terminal gland, sparsely distributed. Preopercular pores absent. Anal plates together quadrate; posterior margin slightly longer than anterior margin, outer angle slightly obtuse; each plate with a large cylindrical seta in discal position, each 34-50
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<normalizedToken id="B1DC01007BF382479B6BB7F5BE7EEF50" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, a large spatulate seta apically, each 52-64
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<normalizedToken id="7490E61387B0B680881C7B857E7F8BDA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, and with 2 spinose and/or spatulate setae along posterior 1/3rd of inner margin, each 40-56
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<normalizedToken id="3F3A60FC21CB625420554869AE933803" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long. Ano-genital fold with 1 pair of long setae and 1 pair of short setae along anterior margin and 2 or 3 pairs lateral margin. Anal ring subcircular, with 2 or 3 rows of translucent pores and 6 anal ring setae. Eyespots present some way onto dorsum, each 80-96
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<normalizedToken id="4F3730CD91DBCB93DA84DF2BB8F07125" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="979AA52CBA19AE5746BB5C78AC67BFE3" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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Margin.Marginal setae of 2 types: 1) large and stout setae, each 17-38
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<normalizedToken id="6129AADEDD296F2D606184A0A72523A4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, with nearly parallel sides, and with either a truncate or a bifid apex, all with well-developed basal sockets, each socket with 1 or 2 small pores; with 96-110 setae between anterior clefts, 36-46 setae on each side between stigmatic clefts, and 84-98 setae between each posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft; and 2) quite broad and short setae, each 14-24
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<normalizedToken id="62B93BFC7EC6879AE3D60836C22CE742" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, with parallel sides and a truncate, flattened apex, and with a larger basal socket about twice as broad as that of type 1), each socket with 3-8 small pores; latter type of marginal setae only distributed on anterior and posterior ends, with 16-22 setae anteriorly on head and prothorax, 5-12 setae on either side of abdomen near anal cleft. Stigmatic clefts deep; stigmatic spines bluntly spinose and mostly straight, with 4-8 spines in each anterior cleft and 5-10 in each posterior cleft; length of each 42-96
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<normalizedToken id="A873BA4117CCC7F01429CB844C8504EE" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, with median 1-3 spines much longer than the lateral spines.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="045F602BF9D65C5EF3EDE2C4D3D4D58D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
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Venter. Derm membranous. Antennae 8 segmented, each 505-586
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<normalizedToken id="AAF406B957B595CD16D44894FE6B60BA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long; third segment longest; with 2 pairs of long setae and 1-3 pairs of short interantennal setae. Clypeolabral shield 198-232
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<normalizedToken id="D262261F00462615E077AE04754CE153" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 205-240
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<normalizedToken id="890899D6C406E6D091A844FA8BB20FE5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide; labium 90-106
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<normalizedToken id="BE1A94062FEA6272450A2C7169618365" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 113-144
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<normalizedToken id="1EFEAD55EF91BA2862B56E5A07C0DD22" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Legs well-developed, each with a tibio-tarsal articulation and articulatory sclerosis; claws with a denticle on widest part, claw digitules broad and expanded apically, tarsal digitules slender, knobbed and longer than claw digitules; trochanter+femur 239-405
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<normalizedToken id="FC43A05AAC509B0C842F28DF7DD18A89" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, tibia 180-245
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<normalizedToken id="ED8FA89EC5B452BFEB9512A17FFF12FB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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and tarsus 96-122
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<normalizedToken id="B288E69217163906D7C8A3F08CE55AAB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. With 2 pairs of long pregenital setae present in both segments VI & VII; submarginal setae present in a single row; other setae slender, each 4-10
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<normalizedToken id="D0BC48884A1CEE6035926505471C5A76" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, quite sparsely distributed. Spiracles normal, spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in a broad band between stigmatic cleft and each spiracle. Pregenital disc-pores each mainly with
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<pageBreakToken id="A96658138DF9EEC7BAD8BF90BDE8DAD7" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" start="start">10</pageBreakToken>
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loculi, present around the vulva and on posterior 4 abdominal segments. Ventral microducts scattered. Ventral tubular ducts of 3 types present: 1) a duct with a short outer ductule and a fine inner filament, with a minute terminal gland, present in a
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<pageBreakToken id="E6E49B70214F86F4163F658CC493D974" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" start="start">complete</pageBreakToken>
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submarginal band; 2) a duct with outer and inner ductules both broad and with a well-developed terminal gland, present medially on head, thorax and anterior 1 or 2 abdominal segments; and 3) a duct with a moderately long outer ductule and a thin inner ductule slightly longer than outer ductule, with a flower-shaped terminal gland, present medially on posterior abdominal segments and extending and mingling with marginal band of type 1) ducts.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="914EB83DEBDB0419FE532EB1EFA36B00" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
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<paragraph id="1FCE357C950BEAA3D5FDA14469707873" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
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Figure 1. Adult female of
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<taxonomicName id="99A7E6E6502432F2819B3D6EC03FF762" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megapulvinaria maxima" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">Megapulvinaria maxima</taxonomicName>
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Green, A body derm B1, B2 two kinds of marginal setae C stigmatic spine D dorsal microduct E dorsal pore F dorsal tubular duct G anal plates O ano-genital fold H pregenital disc-pore I tibio-tarsus of hind leg J1, J2, J3 ventral tubular ducts K spiracle disc-pore L ventral microduct M antenna N dorsal seta.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E78DC7AD27E07C65EC3820698960C21E" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6DF64950AE4261C180300A403AF4E799" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="155843858597EBE7584C932051701030" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">China (Guangxi, Yunnan, Taiwan), Thailand, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, Chuuk Islands.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="255DF23877B65FDC2E519D4315D5D436" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="comments">
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<paragraph id="9813AE9B106BE52C4C04506C998F2166" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CA01504EF01CC19803A12BF1BD1D0C17" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
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Since
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<bibRefCitation id="AC3F63994B9C272074C8FC695657A956" author="Green, EE" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="204 - 210" title="On some Javanese Coccidae: with descriptions of new species." volume="40" year="1904">Green (1904)</bibRefCitation>
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originally described
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<taxonomicName id="DD76A1B64E36D160A2D9C1D9CB78CEC2" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megapulvinaria maxima" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxima">Megapulvinaria maxima</taxonomicName>
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, it had been described and illustrated by many authors, such as
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<bibRefCitation id="4EDF583752F0EF3921C8D387B7D6D54B" author="Green, EE" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" pagination="204 - 210" title="On some Javanese Coccidae: with descriptions of new species." volume="40" year="1904">Green (1904</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5A2AAC7B29F715D7DE69CE596F4CBBBD" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">1909</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<bibRefCitation id="6D63E835DF483A08C7231AC4755C461F" author="Takahashi, R" journalOrPublisher="The Institute Taihoku, Formosa" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 82" title="Observations on the Coccidae of Formosa, Part I." volume="40" year="1929">Takahashi (1929)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="B1CA3C0DB78AECE85A28175B3D02F6EC" author="Tang, FT" journalOrPublisher="Shanxi United Universities Press, Taiyuan, China" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" title="The Coccidae of China." year="1991">Tang (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5295A550581E58DD5E1134E5C640FF15" author="Hodgson, CJ" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" title="The Scale Insect Family Coccidae: An Identification Manual to Genera." year="1994">Hodgson (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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. Our observations agree well with these in descriptions in most respects.
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<bibRefCitation id="48B4E3B84F5FBBE949FC910EEE5481E6" author="Tang, FT" journalOrPublisher="Shanxi United Universities Press, Taiyuan, China" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" title="The Coccidae of China." year="1991">Tang (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="D07FAC43721A5C582210DCAE87ADC9B1" author="Hodgson, CJ" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" title="The Scale Insect Family Coccidae: An Identification Manual to Genera." year="1994">Hodgson (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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pointed out the presence of dorsal areolations and denticles on widest part of claws, which
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<bibRefCitation id="EE5B8623C33534B0CD849A9E8E914A54" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Green (1909)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="A757FEBEDA93D4092B0B04220F6E8E95" author="Takahashi, R" journalOrPublisher="The Institute Taihoku, Formosa" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 82" title="Observations on the Coccidae of Formosa, Part I." volume="40" year="1929">Takahashi (1929)</bibRefCitation>
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failed to observe respectively. The outer angles of anal plates were obtuse or broadly rounded rather than at a right-angle, as shown by
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<bibRefCitation id="D2B321C500212FAC68C31FEE93EE6D48" author="Hodgson, CJ" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" title="The Scale Insect Family Coccidae: An Identification Manual to Genera." year="1994">Hodgson (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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. We have confirmed the occurrence of dorsal areolations and denticles, and the outer angles are slightly obtuse in our examined specimens. Moreover,
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<bibRefCitation id="A968625E702063096487D8B62BB22358" author="Hodgson, CJ" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" title="The Scale Insect Family Coccidae: An Identification Manual to Genera." year="1994">Hodgson (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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described four types of dorsal pores, but we just observed just two types.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="789962607D9C9B0419C8205765CB2F96" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
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This species is close to
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<taxonomicName id="1BFE44A9881DA99261C96C92CFDC0D64" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megapulvinaria burkilli" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burkilli">Megapulvinaria burkilli</taxonomicName>
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(Green) (data from Green, 1908), but it can be distinguished from the latter by the following features (character states of
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<taxonomicName id="2541777EF989FEAD8B5A1A5CCFFD2B31" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Megapulvinaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megapulvinaria burkilli" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burkilli">Megapulvinaria burkilli</taxonomicName>
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in brackets): (1) the much larger body size in comparison to the latter (4 mm long, 2 mm wide); and (2) with well-developed dermal areolations present (absent).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |