179 lines
32 KiB
XML
179 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="C79DC92928553BA2E4A0C3A35B64DBAC" ID-DOI="10.2478/if-2018-0006" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4773451" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1621432704820" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R. & Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard" docDate="2018" docId="B20587FA4F6C2178B077F846FC3EFDB6" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.74.1-2.65-76.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 74 (1 - 2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2018-0006" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Kvacekispermum rugosum E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="4E3CFF824F6B2170B321FFCFFFF9FFD9" masterDocTitle="Rightcania And Kvacekispermum: Early Cretaceous Seeds From Eastern North America And Portugal Provide Further Evidence Of The Early Chloranthoid Diversification" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1698922026518" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="8F5E0F3ACFCEEE44FC90650090885617" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="F5954CA8036A453877AA123E2A912874">
|
||
<mods:title id="074BD4B8D8973ACF031B57625750E1AD">Rightcania And Kvacekispermum: Early Cretaceous Seeds From Eastern North America And Portugal Provide Further Evidence Of The Early Chloranthoid Diversification</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="93954913A768F6A32C2DE242846E00CA" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="172F459D5658D4B1921E4EE31C47A424">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="649E30D5A593BE1B1AC0CE56735DE76C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9C2B633AC7219EE367D940C06F3CDED7">Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="664AE68622881C23DE600D5ED52FBA3E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6A29A3AE9BC2CEA8CC04BDB9FC237F15">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A981F4F916A02DF29AAB235DD27DF468">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C1DA37A638F307F08CD299BFC5DFD060">Crane, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="12EF26EA9F1CDA1630F8C8342014F2F4" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="70DA8042CFCDA0829577220DD9967DB5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="5827AF5B3D2BB866497E454FB778E4F9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9111061C8A9842EB6316429AC79BAACA">Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="CE7753871FC70E301555CB28F3795043">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="1C478278CAF36A32DD2D3BFE6EF32E65" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E07B4786D55977AEEE817FBE3DE1537D">
|
||
<mods:title id="C8E6CB8C76436F4E566DCAAFE86436A1">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="3F59AE8C024317BD3AE146E4BB290EE6">
|
||
<mods:date id="E4F8B4FE8D842161BB0AE0A59E1FE04B">2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="24B7EFCCF93066DE371C8576A155DC88" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="245535728D6621B331805266DCFD8A32">2018-08-31</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3A61510B523CFA718E7C607A26D240EB" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="9703624F53BF7C79B2C918706C4CED87">74</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="FCA887C4DDF5DD3BE4C0391A3674BD5C" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="3CCD12998753375A5F07060FF9354439">1 - 2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="AC73320191285234B6E366885582ECA5" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="EB1039F9BEEDCEBA93A6168C62B2065F">65</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="25FF67CF46861A8C37D36EC868DA935A">76</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="79B64CE0E4D0DAC707EEB1C9331C0797">
|
||
<mods:url id="315BD655731F97FF0E1E3F5846238C9D">http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2018-0006</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="6C6A3EDA9378554C75098940D449FD78">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="219315992AAF646B179626BF3E1BBC71" type="DOI">10.2478/if-2018-0006</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8CFEEBF968B4394B8E81EE5F4B40B7FF" type="ISSN">2533-4069</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D79329DB10BB37A497E590020CF17087" type="Zenodo-Dep">4773451</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="B20587FA4F6C2178B077F846FC3EFDB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B20587FA4F6C2178B077F846FC3EFDB6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B20587FA4F6C2178B077F846FC3EFDB6" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<subSubSection id="72B665674F6C2177B077F846FB08F81A" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F6C2177B077F846FB08F81A" blockId="7.[854,1425,1929,1987]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<heading id="615B81804F6C2177B077F846FB08F81A" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="08D8EAFE4F6C2177B077F846FB08F81A" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDAC4D6F4F6C2177B077F846FB6DF818" authority="E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Kvacekispermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="08D8EAFE4F6C2177B077F846FB85F878" bold="true" box="[854,1148,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Kvacekispermum rugosum</emphasis>
|
||
E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE et K.R.PEDERSEN
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="13EB57854F6C2177B7BAF864FB08F81A" box="[1179,1265,1963,1987]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="72B665674F6C2178B70CF804FC3EFDB6" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="7" pageNumber="72" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F6C2177B70CF804FB43F83A" blockId="7.[1069,1210,1995,2019]" box="[1069,1210,1995,2019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2972A694F6C2177B70CF804FB58F83A" box="[1069,1185,1995,2019]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="5.[123,204,1149,1170]" captionTargetBox="[123,1438,151,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-370@5.[123,1438,151,1114]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Kvacekispermum rugosum gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (Holotype, S174951, Vale de Água sample 141). a, b, d) Volume renderings of seed in lateral (a, b) and apical (d) views showing the coarsely rugulate to reticulate surface of the endotesta with the depressions arranged in poorly defined grooves and remains of the sessile, slightly raised stigma (arrow head). c) Volume rendering of specimen cut longitudinally through the median plane (cut at orthoslice yz0805) showing apical stigmatic area (arrow head), chalaza (asterisk) and endotesta (oi-en) surrounding the endosperm (endo) and embryo cavity (arrow). e, f) Volume renderings of specimen cut transversely close to the middle of the seed (e, cut at orthoslice xy0922) and near the base (f, cut at orthoslice xy1466) showing endostesta (oi-en) surrounding endosperm (endo) and embryo cavity (arrow). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773460/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Text-figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2972A694F6C2177B78CF804FB43F83A" box="[1197,1210,1995,2019]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="6.[148,229,1087,1108]" captionTargetBox="[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-466@6.[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Kvacekispermum rugusum gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (Holotype, S174951, Vale de Água sample 141). a–f) Longitudinal (a, b, c, e, f) and transverse (d) orthoslices through seed showing slightly raised stigma (arrow head) chalaza (asterisk) and endotesta (oi-en) surrounding endosperm with embryo cavity (arrow); details of endotesta (c, f) show clusters of crystals in grooves of the endotesta (oi-en) and cells of exotegmen (ii-ex). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 200 µm (b, e); 250 µm (f); 100 µm (c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773464/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">4</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F6C2177B07BF834FA4AF7CC" blockId="7.[820,1459,2043,2100]" box="[858,1459,2043,2069]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
|
||
H o l o t y p e. Designated here, S174951 (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F868F80E4F6C2177B63EF834FAA9F7CA" box="[1311,1360,2043,2067]" country="Switzerland" name="Valais" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Vale</collectingRegion>
|
||
de Água
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F6C2177B015F7D3FAEBF7ED" blockId="7.[820,1459,2043,2100]" box="[820,1298,2076,2100]" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">
|
||
141; illustrated here on
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2972A694F6C2177B710F7D3FB31F7ED" box="[1073,1224,2076,2100]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="5.[123,204,1149,1170]" captionTargetBox="[123,1438,151,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-370@5.[123,1438,151,1114]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Kvacekispermum rugosum gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (Holotype, S174951, Vale de Água sample 141). a, b, d) Volume renderings of seed in lateral (a, b) and apical (d) views showing the coarsely rugulate to reticulate surface of the endotesta with the depressions arranged in poorly defined grooves and remains of the sessile, slightly raised stigma (arrow head). c) Volume rendering of specimen cut longitudinally through the median plane (cut at orthoslice yz0805) showing apical stigmatic area (arrow head), chalaza (asterisk) and endotesta (oi-en) surrounding the endosperm (endo) and embryo cavity (arrow). e, f) Volume renderings of specimen cut transversely close to the middle of the seed (e, cut at orthoslice xy0922) and near the base (f, cut at orthoslice xy1466) showing endostesta (oi-en) surrounding endosperm (endo) and embryo cavity (arrow). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773460/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">Text-figs 3a–f</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2972A694F6C2177B7F2F7D3FAFEF7ED" box="[1235,1287,2076,2100]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="6.[148,229,1087,1108]" captionTargetBox="[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-466@6.[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Kvacekispermum rugusum gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (Holotype, S174951, Vale de Água sample 141). a–f) Longitudinal (a, b, c, e, f) and transverse (d) orthoslices through seed showing slightly raised stigma (arrow head) chalaza (asterisk) and endotesta (oi-en) surrounding endosperm with embryo cavity (arrow); details of endotesta (c, f) show clusters of crystals in grooves of the endotesta (oi-en) and cells of exotegmen (ii-ex). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 200 µm (b, e); 250 µm (f); 100 µm (c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773464/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="72">4a–f</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F632178B387FF57FD04FF76" blockId="8.[129,765,151,208]" box="[166,765,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F632178B3A0FF77FE3EFF16" blockId="8.[129,765,151,208]" box="[129,455,183,208]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">PFN000107 (for new species).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F632178B387FF28FD01FEC6" blockId="8.[129,768,231,287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">R e p o s i t o r y. Palaeobotanical Collections, Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History (S).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F632178B387FEF9FEB1FEB7" blockId="8.[129,767,310,366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">E t y m o l o g y. The specific epithet is from Latin rugosus: wrinkled.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F632178B387FE4AFD06FE44" blockId="8.[128,767,389,445]" box="[166,767,389,415]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
|
||
T y p e l o c a l i t y. Vale de Água locality,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42BB767C4F632178B184FE4AFD06FE44" box="[677,767,389,413]" name="Portugal" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F632178B3A1FE6AFE2BFE64" blockId="8.[128,767,389,445]" box="[128,466,419,445]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5F98502B4F632178B3A8FE6AFEE6FE65" box="[137,287,419,445]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" precision="15" seconds="15" value="39.62083">39° 37′ 15″ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5F98502B4F632178B20BFE6AFE3FFE64" box="[298,454,419,445]" degrees="08" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-8.858334">08° 51′ 30″ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F632178B387FE1BFEF9FDF5" blockId="8.[128,767,468,556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">T y p e h o r i z o n a n d a g e. Early Cretaceous (late Aptian – early Albian; basal part of the Figueira da Foz Formation).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F632178B387FD8BFDFDFD85" blockId="8.[166,516,579,604]" box="[166,516,579,604]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">D i a g n o s i s. As for the genus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F632178B387FDBCFD05FD53" blockId="8.[128,764,626,683]" box="[166,764,626,651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
|
||
D i s t i n g u i s h i n g f e a t u r e s f o r
|
||
<emphasis id="08D8EAFE4F632178B13AFDBCFD05FD53" box="[539,764,626,650]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">K v a c e k i s p e r m u m</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F632178B3A1FD5CFE42FD72" blockId="8.[128,764,626,683]" box="[128,443,658,683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="08D8EAFE4F632178B3A1FD5CFF0DFD73" box="[128,244,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">r u g o s u m</emphasis>
|
||
. As for the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F632178B387FD0DFEDDFD20" blockId="8.[128,767,705,761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
|
||
D i m e n s i o n s. Length of seed:
|
||
<quantity id="FD549B094F632178B108FD0EFD68FD00" box="[553,657,705,729]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="1.14">1.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
; width of seed:
|
||
<quantity id="FD549B094F632178B39FFD2EFED9FD20" box="[190,288,737,761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="1.04">1.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F632178B387FCDEFE47FBD1" blockId="8.[128,768,784,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="8AC43CB14F632178B387FCDEFE43FBD1" collectionCode="SRXMT" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" specimenCode="S174951" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDAC4D6F4F632178B169FCDFFF24FC91" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Kvacekispermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="08D8EAFE4F632178B169FCDFFF24FC91" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Kvacekispermum rugosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from a single well-preserved seed. The seed is abraded, and the fruit wall is missing except near the apex where stigma is preserved. There is no information on organization of the flower, but synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomographic microscopy (
|
||
<collectionCode id="5CBDAE294F632178B11FFC7EFD64FC10" box="[574,669,945,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">SRXMT</collectionCode>
|
||
) of the seed (
|
||
<typeStatus id="E517884E4F632178B3E3FC1FFED0FC31" box="[194,297,976,1000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="6A0A9E974F632178B216FC1FFE61FC31" box="[311,408,976,1000]" collectionCode="S" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" type="Herbarium">S174951</specimenCode>
|
||
) has revealed fine details of the endotesta and nutritive tissue
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F632178B387FBDFFE00FAF1" blockId="8.[128,768,784,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
|
||
The seed is broadly obovate in lateral view, almost circular in transverse section, about
|
||
<quantity id="FD549B094F632178B124FBFEFD9DFB91" box="[517,612,1073,1097]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="1.14">1.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="FD549B094F632178B1F0FBFEFF50FBB1" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="1.04">1.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, with rounded (apical) chalazal region and slightly pointed (basal) micropylar region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2972A694F632178B17FFBBFFD02FB51" box="[606,763,1136,1160]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="5.[123,204,1149,1170]" captionTargetBox="[123,1438,151,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-370@5.[123,1438,151,1114]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Kvacekispermum rugosum gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (Holotype, S174951, Vale de Água sample 141). a, b, d) Volume renderings of seed in lateral (a, b) and apical (d) views showing the coarsely rugulate to reticulate surface of the endotesta with the depressions arranged in poorly defined grooves and remains of the sessile, slightly raised stigma (arrow head). c) Volume rendering of specimen cut longitudinally through the median plane (cut at orthoslice yz0805) showing apical stigmatic area (arrow head), chalaza (asterisk) and endotesta (oi-en) surrounding the endosperm (endo) and embryo cavity (arrow). e, f) Volume renderings of specimen cut transversely close to the middle of the seed (e, cut at orthoslice xy0922) and near the base (f, cut at orthoslice xy1466) showing endostesta (oi-en) surrounding endosperm (endo) and embryo cavity (arrow). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773460/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Text-figs 3a–f</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2972A694F632178B3A1FB5EFF4EFB70" box="[128,183,1169,1193]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="6.[148,229,1087,1108]" captionTargetBox="[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-466@6.[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Kvacekispermum rugusum gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (Holotype, S174951, Vale de Água sample 141). a–f) Longitudinal (a, b, c, e, f) and transverse (d) orthoslices through seed showing slightly raised stigma (arrow head) chalaza (asterisk) and endotesta (oi-en) surrounding endosperm with embryo cavity (arrow); details of endotesta (c, f) show clusters of crystals in grooves of the endotesta (oi-en) and cells of exotegmen (ii-ex). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 200 µm (b, e); 250 µm (f); 100 µm (c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773464/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">4a–e</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stigma, at the seed apex is sessile, slightly raised and hemispherical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2972A694F632178B240FB7FFDFDFB11" box="[353,516,1200,1224]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="5.[123,204,1149,1170]" captionTargetBox="[123,1438,151,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-370@5.[123,1438,151,1114]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Kvacekispermum rugosum gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (Holotype, S174951, Vale de Água sample 141). a, b, d) Volume renderings of seed in lateral (a, b) and apical (d) views showing the coarsely rugulate to reticulate surface of the endotesta with the depressions arranged in poorly defined grooves and remains of the sessile, slightly raised stigma (arrow head). c) Volume rendering of specimen cut longitudinally through the median plane (cut at orthoslice yz0805) showing apical stigmatic area (arrow head), chalaza (asterisk) and endotesta (oi-en) surrounding the endosperm (endo) and embryo cavity (arrow). e, f) Volume renderings of specimen cut transversely close to the middle of the seed (e, cut at orthoslice xy0922) and near the base (f, cut at orthoslice xy1466) showing endostesta (oi-en) surrounding endosperm (endo) and embryo cavity (arrow). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773460/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Text-fig. 3a–d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The position of the stigma and the shape of the seed, as well as comparison to fruits and seeds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDAC4D6F4F632178B26CFB3FFE15FAD1" authorityName="E.M.Friis, G.W.Grimm, M.M.Mendes & K.R.Pedersen" authorityYear="2015" box="[333,492,1264,1288]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Canrightiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08D8EAFE4F632178B26CFB3FFE15FAD1" box="[333,492,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Canrightiopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggest that the fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDAC4D6F4F632178B3A1FADFFEC1FAF1" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE et K. R. PEDERSEN" authorityYear="2018" box="[128,312,1296,1320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" genus="Kvacekispermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08D8EAFE4F632178B3A1FADFFEC1FAF1" box="[128,312,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Kvacekispermum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were one-seeded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F632178B387FAFFFA7AFE56" blockId="8.[128,768,784,1544]" lastBlockId="8.[843,1482,151,623]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
|
||
The seed is orthotropous and pendent, bitegmic and endotestal. The seed surface is coarsely rugulate to reticulate due to differences in the size of the cells comprising the endotesta with the resulting depressions arranged in poorly defined grooves. The endotesta is
|
||
<quantity id="FD549B094F632178B165FA7FFD38FA10" box="[580,705,1456,1481]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="12.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="92.5" valueMax="125.0" valueMin="60.0">60–125 µm</quantity>
|
||
thick consisting of a single layer of palisade-shaped crystal cells with endoreticulate infillings of fibres and imprints of small cubic crystals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2972A694F632178B0D2FF58FB6AFF69" box="[1011,1171,151,176]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="5.[123,204,1149,1170]" captionTargetBox="[123,1438,151,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-370@5.[123,1438,151,1114]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Kvacekispermum rugosum gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (Holotype, S174951, Vale de Água sample 141). a, b, d) Volume renderings of seed in lateral (a, b) and apical (d) views showing the coarsely rugulate to reticulate surface of the endotesta with the depressions arranged in poorly defined grooves and remains of the sessile, slightly raised stigma (arrow head). c) Volume rendering of specimen cut longitudinally through the median plane (cut at orthoslice yz0805) showing apical stigmatic area (arrow head), chalaza (asterisk) and endotesta (oi-en) surrounding the endosperm (endo) and embryo cavity (arrow). e, f) Volume renderings of specimen cut transversely close to the middle of the seed (e, cut at orthoslice xy0922) and near the base (f, cut at orthoslice xy1466) showing endostesta (oi-en) surrounding endosperm (endo) and embryo cavity (arrow). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773460/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Text-figs 3c–e</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2972A694F632178B783FF57FB23FF69" box="[1186,1242,152,176]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="6.[148,229,1087,1108]" captionTargetBox="[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-466@6.[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Kvacekispermum rugusum gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (Holotype, S174951, Vale de Água sample 141). a–f) Longitudinal (a, b, c, e, f) and transverse (d) orthoslices through seed showing slightly raised stigma (arrow head) chalaza (asterisk) and endotesta (oi-en) surrounding endosperm with embryo cavity (arrow); details of endotesta (c, f) show clusters of crystals in grooves of the endotesta (oi-en) and cells of exotegmen (ii-ex). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 200 µm (b, e); 250 µm (f); 100 µm (c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773464/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">4a, c</figureCitation>
|
||
). The crystals appear to be more densely packed close to the outer surface of the irregular grooves in the coarsely rugulate to reticulate surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2972A694F632178B084FF38FBC5FED6" box="[933,1084,247,272]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="6.[148,229,1087,1108]" captionTargetBox="[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-466@6.[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Kvacekispermum rugusum gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (Holotype, S174951, Vale de Água sample 141). a–f) Longitudinal (a, b, c, e, f) and transverse (d) orthoslices through seed showing slightly raised stigma (arrow head) chalaza (asterisk) and endotesta (oi-en) surrounding endosperm with embryo cavity (arrow); details of endotesta (c, f) show clusters of crystals in grooves of the endotesta (oi-en) and cells of exotegmen (ii-ex). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 200 µm (b, e); 250 µm (f); 100 µm (c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773464/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Text-fig. 4c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The exotesta consists of small, thinwalled cells that are preserved only in small patches in the grooves of the endotesta. The tegmen is collapsed in the mature seed, but the narrow, longitudinally arranged cells of the exotegmen are well preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2972A694F632178B79EFEB8FA8FFE56" box="[1215,1398,375,400]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="6.[148,229,1087,1108]" captionTargetBox="[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-466@6.[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Kvacekispermum rugusum gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (Holotype, S174951, Vale de Água sample 141). a–f) Longitudinal (a, b, c, e, f) and transverse (d) orthoslices through seed showing slightly raised stigma (arrow head) chalaza (asterisk) and endotesta (oi-en) surrounding endosperm with embryo cavity (arrow); details of endotesta (c, f) show clusters of crystals in grooves of the endotesta (oi-en) and cells of exotegmen (ii-ex). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 200 µm (b, e); 250 µm (f); 100 µm (c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773464/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Text-fig. 4 a–d, f</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A1336EC4F632178B050FE58FC3EFDB6" blockId="8.[843,1482,151,623]" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">
|
||
The embryo is not preserved, but there is a very small well-defined embryo cavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2972A694F632178B75DFE78FAEAFE16" box="[1148,1299,439,464]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="5.[123,204,1149,1170]" captionTargetBox="[123,1438,151,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-370@5.[123,1438,151,1114]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Kvacekispermum rugosum gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (Holotype, S174951, Vale de Água sample 141). a, b, d) Volume renderings of seed in lateral (a, b) and apical (d) views showing the coarsely rugulate to reticulate surface of the endotesta with the depressions arranged in poorly defined grooves and remains of the sessile, slightly raised stigma (arrow head). c) Volume rendering of specimen cut longitudinally through the median plane (cut at orthoslice yz0805) showing apical stigmatic area (arrow head), chalaza (asterisk) and endotesta (oi-en) surrounding the endosperm (endo) and embryo cavity (arrow). e, f) Volume renderings of specimen cut transversely close to the middle of the seed (e, cut at orthoslice xy0922) and near the base (f, cut at orthoslice xy1466) showing endostesta (oi-en) surrounding endosperm (endo) and embryo cavity (arrow). Scale bars = 500 µm (a–f)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773460/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Text-figs 3c, f</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2972A694F632178B63FFE77FAA8FE09" box="[1310,1361,440,464]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="6.[148,229,1087,1108]" captionTargetBox="[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-466@6.[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Kvacekispermum rugusum gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (Holotype, S174951, Vale de Água sample 141). a–f) Longitudinal (a, b, c, e, f) and transverse (d) orthoslices through seed showing slightly raised stigma (arrow head) chalaza (asterisk) and endotesta (oi-en) surrounding endosperm with embryo cavity (arrow); details of endotesta (c, f) show clusters of crystals in grooves of the endotesta (oi-en) and cells of exotegmen (ii-ex). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 200 µm (b, e); 250 µm (f); 100 µm (c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773464/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">4a, e</figureCitation>
|
||
) indicating that the embryo was tiny. The surrounding nutritive tissue consists of thin-walled cells that do not show signs of shrinkage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2972A694F632178B0E3FDD8FB6DFDE9" box="[962,1172,535,560]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="6.[148,229,1087,1108]" captionTargetBox="[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-466@6.[148,1463,151,1053]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Text-fig. 4. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Kvacekispermum rugusum gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Vale de Água locality, Portugal (Holotype, S174951, Vale de Água sample 141). a–f) Longitudinal (a, b, c, e, f) and transverse (d) orthoslices through seed showing slightly raised stigma (arrow head) chalaza (asterisk) and endotesta (oi-en) surrounding endosperm with embryo cavity (arrow); details of endotesta (c, f) show clusters of crystals in grooves of the endotesta (oi-en) and cells of exotegmen (ii-ex). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 200 µm (b, e); 250 µm (f); 100 µm (c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4773464/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="73">Text-fig. 4a, b, d, e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Based on comparison with extant angiosperms the nutritive tissue is interpreted as endosperm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |