treatments-xml/data/03/A7/87/03A787CFFF998571BD9BF9EA0906F930.xml

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<mods:title id="366E56621504FE8BD67D8A5F5D621542">Two Eocene species of Culiseta (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Kishenehn Formation in Montana</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BCF788D70B6946F96CC33637D0BC7265">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="08A28932474E5DE8A72D67CC405E3DC4">2012</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3146552FF998576BD9BF9EA09D2F8C1" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB136D9FF998576BD9BF9EA0C96F995" blockId="1.[151,463,1630,1689]" box="[151,463,1630,1656]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="D0F981B5FF998576BD9BF9EA0C96F995" bold="true" box="[151,463,1630,1656]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF998576BD9BF9EA0C96F995" bold="true" box="[151,463,1630,1656]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF998576BD9BF9EA0C27F995" ID-CoL="8BPQQ" box="[151,382,1630,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF998576BD9BF9EA0C27F995" bold="true" box="[151,382,1630,1656]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Culiseta kishenehn</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957B0FF998576BC81F9EA0C96F995" box="[397,463,1630,1656]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136D9FF998576BD9BF9350C62F974" blockId="1.[151,463,1630,1689]" box="[151,315,1665,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">(Figs 1, 2, 4A)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136D9FF998576BD9BF97D09D2F8C1" blockId="1.[151,1436,1737,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF998576BD9BF97D0D86F90C" box="[151,223,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Adults</emphasis>
. Darkly ornamented mosquitoes, maxillary palpus, proboscis, legs (except ventral area of femora), wing and abdominal terga dark-scaled; proboscis slender, longer than forefemur; cell R2 longer than vein R2+3, tibiae and tarsi dark-scaled; base of hindcoxa below base of mesomeron; pulvilli absent or inconspicuous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3146552FF998575BDCBF88C0F68FC8C" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB136D9FF998575BDCBF88C0939FE84" blockId="1.[151,1436,1737,2017]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF998576BDCBF88C0C42F8BD" box="[199,283,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Female</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF998576BC24F88C0C3DF8BD" box="[296,356,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Head</emphasis>
: Ornamentation of head capsule not evident; antenna 
<quantity id="4CF69B3CFF998576BEB1F88C091EF8BD" box="[957,1095,1848,1872]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.7 mm</quantity>
, about 0.7 length of proboscis; maxillary palpus 
<quantity id="4CF69B3CFF998576BC50F8E80CB1F899" box="[348,488,1884,1908]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
, 0.15−0.20 length of proboscis, with 4 palpomeres; proboscis 
<quantity id="4CF69B3CFF998576B9A1F8E80860F899" box="[1197,1337,1884,1908]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="2.3" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.2">2.2−2.4 mm</quantity>
, 1.3−1.5 length of forefemur, slightly to moderately bent ventrad (appearing straight in ventral view, specimen no. USNM 547066). 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF998576BC04F8100C00F851" box="[264,345,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Thorax</emphasis>
: Black, ornamentation obscured. 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF998576BFE0F8110E78F851" box="[748,801,1957,1980]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Legs</emphasis>
: Femora without knee spots; forefemur 
<quantity id="4CF69B3CFF998576B804F81008CEF851" box="[1288,1431,1956,1980]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.9 mm</quantity>
, 0.7–0.8 length of proboscis; tibiae slightly swollen distally; ungues simple, fore- and midungues relatively large, equal, hindungues smaller, equal. 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BF28FF2D0F04FF5D" box="[548,605,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Wing</emphasis>
(Fig. 4A): Length 
<quantity id="4CF69B3CFF9A8575BE4EFF230E94FF42" box="[834,973,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="3.4" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="3.1">3.1–3.7 mm</quantity>
(mean 
<quantity id="4CF69B3CFF9A8575B925FF2309DEFF42" box="[1065,1159,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
); base of subcosta with sparse(?) setae (radial setae of 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B28FF9A8575BCE2FF080FD3FF39" author="Maslov" box="[494,650,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="1989">Maslov, 1989</bibRefCitation>
); distal half of wing with outstanding linear scales on most veins; vein R2 longer than vein R2+3 (R2/R2+3 = 1.7–2.0); base of vein M3+4 intersects M1+2 proximal to intersection of mediocubital crossvein with M1+2; anal vein (vein 1A) terminates well beyond intersection of mediocubital crossvein and cubitus. 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BCAFFE990F54FEA8" box="[419,525,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Apically rounded; terga entirely dark-scaled, no evidence of basolateral pale patches. 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BDF5FEE50C3AFE84" box="[249,355,337,361]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Genitalia</emphasis>
: Cerci short, rounded and scarcely visible; 3 spermathecal capsules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136D9FF9A8575BDCBFEC10C9EFCD0" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BDCBFEC10C58FE60" box="[199,257,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Male</emphasis>
. Essentially as female. 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BF0BFEC10F1DFE60" box="[519,580,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Head</emphasis>
: Antenna about 0.7 length of proboscis; flagellomeres 1–11 each with whorl of very long dense setae, flagellomeres 12 and 13 very long, their combined length greater than total length of preceding flagellomeres; maxillary palpus longer than proboscis (1.1 times as long), comprised of 5 palpomeres, palpomeres 2 and 3 ankylosed, long, about 0.75 length of proboscis, palpomere 3 slightly swollen, bearing setae apically, palpomeres 4 and 5 not noticeably swollen, generally projecting straight forwards or turned slightly upwards, palpomere 4 and base of palpomere 5 with numerous long setae, remainder of palpomere 5 with some relatively short setae; proboscis about 1.4 length of forefemur. 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BE51FDFB0ECBFD8B" box="[861,914,591,614]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Legs</emphasis>
: Ungues of fore- and midlegs enlarged, larger anterior unguis with proximal tooth; hindungues small, equal. 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BE6AFDC50E89FD64" box="[870,976,625,649]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Terga with well-developed setae along posterior margin. 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BC68FD210C97FD40" box="[356,462,661,685]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Genitalia</emphasis>
: Prominent; gonocoxite elongate, relatively stout basally, gradually narrower toward apex, with crescentiform (ridge-like) basal mesal lobe (basal lobe of authors, gonofurca of 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B28FF9A8575B9FFFD0D08CDFD3C" author="Maslov" box="[1267,1428,697,721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="1989">Maslov, 1989</bibRefCitation>
) apparently bearing row(s) of setae on crest, no distinct apicodorsal lobe (apical lobe of authors); gonostylus borne at apex of gonocoxite, rather long and narrow, undivided; paraprocts of proctiger elongate, heavily sclerotized, with strong apical denticle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136D9FF9A8575BDCBFCFE0F68FC8C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" box="[199,561,841,865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BDCBFCFE0CF4FC8C" box="[199,429,841,865]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Egg, larva and pupa</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3146552FF9A8575BDCBFCD90C21F8FE" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB136D9FF9A8575BDCBFCD90C8BFBF8" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BDCBFCD90C1CFC68" box="[199,325,877,901]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Etymology.</emphasis>
The 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BC8AFCD90CA7FC68" box="[390,510,877,901]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn">Kishenehn</taxonomicName>
Formation is named for 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BE2BFCD90EC6FC68" box="[807,927,877,901]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn">Kishenehn</taxonomicName>
Creek. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BEF3FCD9092EFC68" box="[1023,1143,877,901]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn">Kishenehn</taxonomicName>
(American spelling) is a Kutenai Native American word meaning “no good”. Why the Kutenai adopted this name for the creek is unknown. The specific name 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BC79FC020CBCFC23" box="[373,485,950,974]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BC79FC020CBCFC23" box="[373,485,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">kishenehn</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is understood to be masculine, but the evidence for usage as either a noun or an adjective is not decisive; consequently, it is regarded here to be a noun in apposition to the generic name of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BD9BFC4A0DADFBFB" box="[151,244,1022,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BD9BFC4A0DADFBFB" box="[151,244,1022,1046]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Culiseta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is feminine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136D9FF9A8575BDCBFB960C21F8FE" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BDCBFB960C13FBD4" box="[199,330,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Systematics</emphasis>
. In view of the importance of larval characters for recognizing the subgenera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575B832FB9508C2FBD4" box="[1342,1435,1057,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575B832FB9508C2FBD4" box="[1342,1435,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Culiseta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B28FF9A8575BD92FBF10C15FBB0" author="Edwards" box="[158,332,1093,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1932) Genera Insectorum. Diptera, Fam. Culicidae. Fascicle 194. Desmet-Verteneuil, Brussels." type="book" year="1932">Edwards, 1932</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B28FF9A8575BC54FBF10F18FBB0" author="Dobrotworsky" box="[344,577,1093,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" refString="Dobrotworsky, N. V. (1954) The genus Theobaldia (Diptera, Culicidae) in Victoria. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 76, 65 - 78." type="journal article" year="1954">Dobrotworsky, 1954</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B28FF9A8575BF40FBF10FDEFBB0" author="Dobrotworsky" box="[588,647,1093,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" refString="Dobrotworsky, N. V. (1960) The genus Theobaldia (Diptera, Culicidae) in Victoria. II. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 85, 240 - 247." type="journal article" year="1960">1960</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B28FF9A8575BF9EFBF10F94FBB0" author="Dobrotworsky" box="[658,717,1093,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" refString="Dobrotworsky, N. V. (1971) Contributions to the mosquito fauna of Southeast Asia. X. The genus Culiseta Felt in Southeast Asia. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 7 (3), 38 - 61." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
), it is not possible to place 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BEF3FBF209C2FBB3" box="[1023,1179,1094,1118]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BEF3FBF209C2FBB3" box="[1023,1179,1094,1118]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Cs. kishenehn</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in an extant subgenus. The weakly produced basal mesal lobe of the male genitalia is shared with species of subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575B83BFBDD0F4CFB48" authority="Climacura Howard, Dyar &amp; Knab" authorityName="Climacura Howard, Dyar &amp; Knab" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575B83BFBDD08CDFB6C" box="[1335,1428,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Culiseta</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BD9BFB3A0C56FB4B" box="[151,271,1166,1190]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Climacura</emphasis>
Howard, Dyar &amp; Knab
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BF46FB3A0E45FB48" authority="Felt. The" authorityName="Felt. The" box="[586,796,1165,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BF46FB3A0FE8FB4B" box="[586,689,1166,1190]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Culicella</emphasis>
Felt. The
</taxonomicName>
origin of vein M3+4 proximal to the radiomedial crossvein (Fig. 4A,B), the entirely dark-scaled abdominal terga and the absence of an apicodorsal lobe on the gonocoxite of the male preclude the species from being placed in subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BE48FB6C0EF8FB1D" box="[836,929,1240,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BE48FB6C0EF8FB1D" box="[836,929,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Culiseta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, species which have the base of M3+4 more or less in line with the radiomedial crossvein, banded abdominal terga and an apicodorsal lobe on the gonocoxite. The distal position of the radiomedial crossvein relative to the origin of vein M3+4 and the absence of an apicodorsal lobe on the gonocoxite are characteristics of subgenera 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BFE8FAFE0E05FA8F" box="[740,860,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Climacura</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BE94FAFE0EA6FA8F" box="[920,1023,1354,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BE94FAFE0EA6FA8F" box="[920,1023,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Culicella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Subgenus 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575B98BFAFE09A6FA8F" box="[1159,1279,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Climacura</emphasis>
includes five species in different parts of the world: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BF47FADB0EC9FA6B" authority="Dobrotworsky" authorityName="Dobrotworsky" box="[587,912,1390,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antipodea">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BF47FADB0FBEFA6B" box="[587,743,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Cs. antipodea</emphasis>
Dobrotworsky
</taxonomicName>
in southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F3197649FF9A8575B944FADA09EBFA6B" box="[1096,1202,1390,1414]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Australia</collectingCountry>
, the 
<typeStatus id="54B5887BFF9A8575B9EBFADB084EFA6A" box="[1255,1303,1391,1415]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
species 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575B87BFADB0CD6FA47" authority="Coquillett" authorityName="Coquillett" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanura">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575B87BFADB0C5AFA47" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Cs. melanura</emphasis>
(Coquillett)
</taxonomicName>
in eastern North 
<collectingCountry id="F3197649FF9A8575BF57FA260FE7FA47" box="[603,702,1426,1450]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">America</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BFC0FA270E8DFA47" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[716,980,1426,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonnoiri">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BFC0FA270E0CFA47" box="[716,853,1427,1450]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Cs. tonnoiri</emphasis>
(Edwards)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575B903FA270867FA47" authority="Pillai" authorityName="Pillai" box="[1039,1342,1426,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novaezealandiae">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575B903FA2709A0FA47" box="[1039,1273,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Cs. novaezealandiae</emphasis>
Pillai
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F3197649FF9A8575B86BFA270DADFA23" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BC3AFA030E45FA23" authority="Garcia, Jeffery &amp; Rudnick" authorityName="Garcia, Jeffery &amp; Rudnick" box="[310,796,1462,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marchettei">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BC3AFA030C85FA23" box="[310,476,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Cs. marchettei</emphasis>
Garcia, Jeffery &amp; Rudnick
</taxonomicName>
in Southeast Asia. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575B908FA020985FA23" box="[1028,1244,1462,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575B908FA020985FA23" box="[1028,1244,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Culiseta kishenehn</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles these species, except the last one, in having entirely dark-scaled tarsi and abdominal terga, and also resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575B87BFA6F0C5AF9FB" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanura">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575B87BFA6F0C5AF9FB" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Cs. melanura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having dark-scaled maxillary palpi, which are longer than the proboscis in males. It is not certain, but 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BD9BF9970C65F9D7" box="[151,316,1570,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BD9BF9970C65F9D7" box="[151,316,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Cs. kishenehn</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to further resemble species of subgenus 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BEAEF9960943F9D7" box="[930,1050,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Climacura</emphasis>
in having few subcostal setae (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B28FF9A8575BD92F9F20CD6F9B3" author="Dobrotworsky" box="[158,399,1606,1630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" refString="Dobrotworsky, N. V. (1971) Contributions to the mosquito fauna of Southeast Asia. X. The genus Culiseta Felt in Southeast Asia. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 7 (3), 38 - 61." type="journal article" year="1971">Dobrotworsky, 1971</bibRefCitation>
). Subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BF13F9F20FDFF9B3" box="[543,646,1606,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BF13F9F20FDFF9B3" box="[543,646,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Culicella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes 14 species with distributions in 
<collectingCountry id="F3197649FF9A8575B978F9F20982F9B3" box="[1140,1243,1606,1630]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Australia</collectingCountry>
(seven species), North 
<collectingCountry id="F3197649FF9A8575BDEDF9DE0C1BF96F" box="[225,322,1642,1666]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">America</collectingCountry>
(one species) and the Palaearctic Region (six species). Most of the species have banded tarsi and abdominal terga (three Australian species have unbanded terga and two of these have unbanded tarsi), but in most respects 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BDF2F9070CF9F927" box="[254,416,1714,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BDF2F9070CF9F927" box="[254,416,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Cs. kishenehn</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be more similar to species of subgenus 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575B904F9060926F927" box="[1032,1151,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Climacura</emphasis>
. Considering the North American provenance of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BCB4F9630F0CF903" box="[440,597,1750,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BCB4F9630F0CF903" box="[440,597,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Cs. kishenehn</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BF83F9630E7EF903" box="[655,807,1750,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanura">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BF83F9630FF5F903" box="[655,684,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Cs</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BFB0F9620E7EF903" box="[700,807,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">melanura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, their close similarity in adult habitus is unlikely to be due to convergence.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3146552FF9A8571BDCBF8AB0906F930" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB136D9FF9A8575BDCBF8AB0D81F807" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9A8575BDCBF8AB0C17F8DB" box="[199,334,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
<typeStatus id="54B5887BFF9A8575BDCBF8AB0DA5F8DB" box="[199,252,1823,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Type</typeStatus>
series.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54B5887BFF9A8575BC58F8AA0CE6F8DB" box="[340,447,1822,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE1CFF9A8575BF00F8AA0F39F8DB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[524,608,1822,1846]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">USNM</collectionCode>
no. 546528; 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BFFAF8AA0E29F8DB" box="[758,880,1822,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn">Kishenehn</taxonomicName>
no. 505.1), allotype female (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE1CFF9A8575B9B5F8AA0854F8DB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1209,1293,1822,1846]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">USNM</collectionCode>
no. 546529, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BD9BF8F60C48F8B7" box="[151,273,1858,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn">Kishenehn</taxonomicName>
no. 610.4), 
<typeStatus id="54B5887BFF9A8575BCAEF8F70F49F8B6" box="[418,528,1859,1883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
males (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE1CFF9A8575BF60F8F60F99F8B7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[620,704,1858,1882]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">USNM</collectionCode>
nos. 546530‒546533, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BEC7F8F6091FF8B7" box="[971,1094,1858,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn">Kishenehn</taxonomicName>
nos. 624.1, 635.3, 686.1 and 693.1 respectively), Constenius Park (W 113° 42.085¢, N 48° 23.517¢), 
<typeStatus id="54B5887BFF9A8575BEE6F8D30914F892" box="[1002,1101,1895,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE1CFF9A8575B9B9F8D20850F893" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1205,1289,1894,1918]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">USNM</collectionCode>
no. 546534, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BD9BF83E0C48F84F" box="[151,273,1930,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn">Kishenehn</taxonomicName>
nos. 20093.1), Disbrow Creek (W 113° 40.999¢, N 48° 22.572¢) and 
<typeStatus id="54B5887BFF9A8575B95DF83F09EAF84E" box="[1105,1203,1931,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE1CFF9A8575B817F83E0836F84F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1307,1391,1930,1954]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">USNM</collectionCode>
no. 547066, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575BDF2F81A0C21F82B" box="[254,376,1966,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn">Kishenehn</taxonomicName>
no. 30624.1), Dakin (W 113° 42.173¢, N 48° 23.476¢), 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9A8575B92DF81A09C2F82B" box="[1057,1179,1966,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn">Kishenehn</taxonomicName>
Formation, Montana, 
<collectingCountry id="F3197649FF9A8575BD9BF8660D8DF807" box="[151,212,2002,2026]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136D9FF9B8574BD9BF8CA08C5F81D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1918,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9B8574BD9BF8CA0C4BF879" bold="true" box="[151,274,1918,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9B8574BC15F8CB0C8FF878" box="[281,470,1919,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9B8574BC15F8CB0C8FF878" box="[281,470,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Culiseta kishenehn</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957B0FF9B8574BCE8F8CB0F42F879" box="[484,539,1919,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A,B. 
<typeStatus id="54B5887BFF9B8574BF54F8CA0FEDF879" box="[600,692,1918,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE1CFF9B8574BFF6F8CB0E1AF879" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[762,835,1919,1940]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">USNM</collectionCode>
546528), (A) head and its appendages, (B) genitalia (tergal aspect). C. 
<typeStatus id="54B5887BFF9B8574BC09F82A0C05F85E" box="[261,348,1950,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
male (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE1CFF9B8574BC91F8290CBEF85F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[413,487,1949,1970]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">USNM</collectionCode>
546530), body, maxillary palpi, proboscis and abdominal terga entirely dark-scaled. D. 
<typeStatus id="54B5887BFF9B8574B849F82A08C5F85E" box="[1349,1436,1950,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
female (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE1CFF9B8574BDE4F8080C6BF83C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[232,306,1980,2001]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">USNM</collectionCode>
546534), head with short maxillary palpus. E. Allotype female (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE1CFF9B8574BEB5F808095AF83C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[953,1027,1980,2001]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">USNM</collectionCode>
546529), distal part of left wing (dorsal) showing the projecting linear scales and long cell R2. BML = basal dorsomesal lobe; Ppr = paraproct; R2 = cell R2; R2+3 = vein R2+3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136D9FF9C8573BD9BF8E80F97F81F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1884,2038]" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9C8573BD9BF8E80C4DF89F" bold="true" box="[151,276,1884,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9C8573BC17F8E90C85F89E" box="[283,476,1885,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9C8573BC17F8E90C85F89E" box="[283,476,1885,1907]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Culiseta kishenehn</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957B0FF9C8573BCE6F8EA0F7BF89E" box="[490,546,1886,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A. Allotype female (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE1CFF9C8573BFF1F8E90E11F89F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[765,840,1885,1906]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">USNM</collectionCode>
546529), habitus, appendages of head and thorax entirely dark-scaled (abdomen poorly preserved). B. 
<typeStatus id="54B5887BFF9C8573BF68F8C80FE4F87C" box="[612,701,1916,1937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
female (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE1CFF9C8573BE14F8C80E3AF87C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[792,867,1916,1937]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">USNM</collectionCode>
547066), abdomen (left side) and right wing (ventral), terga and wing entirely dark-scaled, long cell R2, apex of abdomen blunt. C. 
<typeStatus id="54B5887BFF9C8573BED4F82F0968F85D" box="[984,1073,1947,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
female (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE1CFF9C8573B99DF82F0985F85D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1169,1244,1947,1968]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">USNM</collectionCode>
546534), apex of abdomen showing the short cercus (partially obstructed by tergum VIII) and three spermathecal capsules. Ce = cercus; R2 = cell R2; SCa = spermathecal capsule; VIII-S = sternum VIII.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF716651FF9D8572BD9BF8C00FF0F80A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215025/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[151,1435,183,1886]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BB136D9FF9D8572BD9BF8C00FF0F80A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1908,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9D8572BD9BF8C00C41F867" bold="true" box="[151,280,1908,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9D8572BC29F8C10CAAF866" box="[293,499,1909,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemniscata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9D8572BC29F8C10CAAF866" box="[293,499,1909,1931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">Culiseta lemniscata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957B0FF9D8572BF0AF8C20F1BF866" box="[518,578,1910,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A,B. Holotype female (USNM 547065) and paratype female (USNM 546535) respectively, habitus, proximal portion of proboscis pale, legs and wings dark-scaled, abdominal terga with basal pale bands (arrows). C. Same as A, apex of abdomen showing the short cerci and three (indistinct) spermathecal capsules. Ce = cercus; SCa = spermathecal capsule; VIII-S = sternum VIII.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB136D9FF9E8571BD9BF9DC0906F930" blockId="6.[151,1436,1640,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9E8571BD9BF9DC0C4DF993" bold="true" box="[151,276,1640,1663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
A. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9E8571BC37F9DC0CA5F993" box="[315,508,1640,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehn" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9E8571BC37F9DC0CA5F993" box="[315,508,1640,1662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="31">Culiseta kishenehn</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957B0FF9E8571BF06F9DD0F1BF993" box="[522,578,1641,1662]" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Left wing of allotype female (
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE1CFF9E8571BE71F9DD0E91F993" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[893,968,1641,1662]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="31">USNM</collectionCode>
546529). B–D. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D5AFF9E8571B963F9DC0861F993" box="[1135,1336,1640,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemniscata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEACBFF9E8571B963F9DC0861F993" box="[1135,1336,1640,1662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="31">Culiseta lemniscata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957B0FF9E8571B84AF9DD0827F993" box="[1350,1406,1641,1662]" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
B. Right wing (dorsal) of 
<typeStatus id="54B5887BFF9E8571BC73F9330C8EF970" box="[383,471,1671,1693]" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female (( 
<collectionCode id="ED1FAE1CFF9E8571BF35F93C0FDAF970" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[569,643,1672,1693]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="31">USNM</collectionCode>
547065). C,D. Same as B, (C) base of wing showing subcostal setae (actually on ventral surface), (D) distal portion of wing showing narrow semi-erect fusiform scales on post-costal veins. M2+3 = vein M2+3; rm = radiomedial crossvein; R2 = cell R2; R2+3 = vein R2+3; Sc = subcosta; SuS = subcostal setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>