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<document id="B99088123CD0F9D521FD07C5A3B016CA" ID-CLB-Dataset="294810" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5443.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f47940ed-6254-4cab-9b63-5ab17b7494b4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11045387" ID-ZooBank="D39BC251-9B14-4C00-8A34-280F97ED382F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1713857682957" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Callaghan, Curtis John, Trujano-Ortega, Marysol &amp; Ríos-Málaver, Indiana C." docDate="2024" docId="03A7878F9855FFA0FF76F94CFB65F87C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5443.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5443 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5443.3.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Emesis (Tenedia) pacis , Callaghan, Trujano-Ortega &amp; Rios-Malaver 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="415" masterDocId="FF9EFFF79850FFA9FFE1FFD4FFBFFF99" masterDocTitle="Two New Species of Emesis Fabricius, 1807 from Northwestern South and Central America (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="416" masterPageNumber="406" pageNumber="411" updateTime="1714074743908" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="DC4055F4D5950994BECA01563D1493A6">Two New Species of Emesis Fabricius, 1807 from Northwestern South and Central America (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CBAA7C824709C8805FFB7B2210E17D9A">Callaghan, Curtis John</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9171E6471596A117C6BDEAE970F0F1F0">Casa Picapau, Floresta de la Sabana. Carrera 7, 237 - 04, Bogotá, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EDE0E628AF534630D0293ADE7875BFB2">Trujano-Ortega, Marysol</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6D5416B30C4CD83E3910CDF20CB04BCE">Museo de Zoología (Entomología), Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70 - 399, México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8760F79B6A1B0E8E3915E53A602DDE93">Ríos-Málaver, Indiana C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3FA968636987621C635D9DDB164FC03D">Carrera 16 # 51 B 72 La Asunción Manizales, Caldas, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="7DA8D1EDA254CC491CE45526551A27C4">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A7878F9855FFA0FF76F94CFB65F87C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11068866" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11068866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A7878F9855FFA0FF76F94CFB65F87C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A7878F9855FFA0FF76F94CFB65F87C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">
<subSubSection id="C31465129855FFACFF76F94CFBF6F92B" box="[151,1097,1687,1714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="411" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB136999855FFACFF76F94CFBF6F92B" blockId="5.[151,1097,1687,1750]" box="[151,1097,1687,1714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">
<heading id="D0F981F59855FFACFF76F94CFBF6F92B" bold="true" box="[151,1097,1687,1714]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="411" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9855FFACFF76F94CFBF6F92B" bold="true" box="[151,1097,1687,1714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9855FFACFF76F94CFC62F92B" authority="Callaghan, Trujano-Ortega &amp; Rios-Malaver" authorityName=", Callaghan, Trujano-Ortega &amp; Rios-Malaver" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,989,1687,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tenedia">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9855FFACFF76F94CFE12F92B" bold="true" box="[151,429,1687,1714]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">Emesis (Tenedia) pacis</emphasis>
Callaghan, Trujano-Ortega &amp; Ríos-Málaver
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09855FFACFC0DF94CFBF6F92B" box="[1004,1097,1688,1714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="411" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31465129855FFACFF76F968FE91F94F" box="[151,302,1724,1750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="411" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB136999855FFACFF76F968FE91F94F" blockId="5.[151,1097,1687,1750]" box="[151,302,1724,1750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">
(
<figureCitation id="13352A1C9855FFACFF7EF968FE98F94F" box="[159,295,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[214,1361,195,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[214,1374,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov. Scale bar adults 10 mm., Scale bar genitalia 1mm. 22. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., lateral view. 23. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., ventral view. 24. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, lateral view. 25. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view. 26. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view at angle, showing transtill. 27. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male on wet sand. 28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male, perching on leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11045397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11045397/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">Figs. 22–28</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31465129855FFACFF76F8D5FDB7F881" box="[151,520,1792,1817]" pageId="5" pageNumber="411" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB136999855FFACFF76F8D5FDB7F881" blockId="5.[151,520,1792,1817]" box="[151,520,1792,1817]" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9855FFACFF76F8D5FF60F881" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1807" box="[151,223,1793,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9855FFACFF76F8D5FF60F881" box="[151,223,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">Emesis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
? sp. D´Abrera, 1994 6:1067.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31465129855FFACFF76F892FD65F854" pageId="5" pageNumber="411" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB136999855FFACFF76F892FD65F854" blockId="5.[151,1436,1862,1997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9855FFACFF76F892FEADF8F9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1862,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Can be distinguished from all other
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9855FFACFD5CF893FCD9F8F8" box="[701,870,1863,1889]" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9855FFACFD5CF893FCB3F8F9" box="[701,780,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">Emesis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by the brown dorsal wing surface punctuated by bright yellow/orange spots on the forewing, the brightest in cell M
<subScript id="178A34DC9855FFACFC42F8A9FC14F812" attach="left" box="[931,939,1917,1931]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">3</subScript>
distad of the broken post discal line, with another smaller spot below in cell CuA
<subScript id="178A34DC9855FFACFDAFF875FDE9F836" attach="left" box="[590,598,1953,1967]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">1</subScript>
, two fainter spots infused with brown scaling above in cells R
<subScript id="178A34DC9855FFACFAF0F875FAA6F836" attach="left" box="[1297,1305,1953,1967]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">4</subScript>
+R
<subScript id="178A34DC9855FFACFADDF875FAFBF836" attach="left" box="[1340,1348,1953,1967]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">5</subScript>
and R
<subScript id="178A34DC9855FFACFA6CF875FA2AF836" attach="left" box="[1421,1429,1953,1967]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">2</subScript>
, with similar lighter subapical scaling (
<figureCitation id="13352A1C9855FFACFDA5F867FD71F854" box="[580,718,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[214,1361,195,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[214,1374,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov. Scale bar adults 10 mm., Scale bar genitalia 1mm. 22. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., lateral view. 23. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., ventral view. 24. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, lateral view. 25. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view. 26. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view at angle, showing transtill. 27. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male on wet sand. 28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male, perching on leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11045397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11045397/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="411">Figs. 22–23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7166119856FFAFFF79F8E4FB87F841" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11045395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11045395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11045395/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="412" startId="6.[152,270,1840,1864]" targetBox="[238,1343,181,1809]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB136999856FFAFFF79F8E4FB87F841" blockId="6.[151,1437,1840,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFF79F8E4FEE2F8D1" bold="true" box="[152,349,1840,1864]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">FIGURES 15–21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9856FFAFFE84F8E5FD71F8D1" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" box="[357,718,1840,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoaithos">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFE84F8E5FD9AF8D1" box="[357,549,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">Emesis hypoaithos</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFD78F8E5FD71F8D1" box="[665,718,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFD35F8E4FC7CF8D1" bold="true" box="[724,963,1840,1864]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">Genitalia Figures: 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9856FFAFFC2DF8E5FA85F8D1" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" authorityYear="2024" box="[972,1338,1840,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoaithos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFC2DF8E5FB33F8D1" box="[972,1164,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">Emesis hypoaithos</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFAE5F8E5FA85F8D1" box="[1284,1338,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFAA3F8E5FA2AF8D0" bold="true" box="[1346,1429,1841,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09856FFAFFAA3F8E5FA2AF8D0" box="[1346,1429,1841,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male genitalia, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFE53F880FE6EF8F5" bold="true" box="[434,465,1876,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9856FFAFFE36F881FC87F8F5" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" authorityYear="2024" box="[471,824,1876,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoaithos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFE36F881FD2CF8F5" box="[471,659,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">Emesis hypoaithos</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFCE4F881FC87F8F5" box="[773,824,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFCDCF881FC32F8F4" bold="true" box="[829,909,1877,1901]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09856FFAFFCDCF881FC32F8F4" box="[829,909,1877,1901]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male genitalia, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFB5BF880FB65F8F5" bold="true" box="[1210,1242,1876,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9856FFAFFB01F881FE88F809" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoaithos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFB01F881FA23F8F5" box="[1248,1436,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">Emesis hypoaithos</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFEE5F8ADFE88F809" box="[260,311,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFEDDF8ADFE33F808" bold="true" box="[316,396,1913,1937]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09856FFAFFEDDF8ADFE33F808" box="[316,396,1913,1937]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female genitalia.
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFDA6F8ACFDD8F809" bold="true" box="[583,615,1912,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9856FFAFFD8CF8ADFC6FF809" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" authorityYear="2024" box="[621,976,1912,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypoaithos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFD8CF8ADFC95F809" box="[621,810,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">Emesis hypoaithos</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFC7CF8ADFC6FF809" box="[925,976,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFC34F8ADFB9AF808" bold="true" box="[981,1061,1913,1937]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09856FFAFFC34F8ADFB9AF808" box="[981,1061,1913,1937]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male genitalia, showing structure of everted vesica with cornuti.
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFE5BF848FE66F82D" bold="true" box="[442,473,1948,1972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9856FFAFFE00F849FC87F82D" authority=", Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityName=", Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityYear="1886" box="[481,824,1948,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tegula">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFE00F849FDC9F82D" box="[481,630,1948,1972]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">Emesis tegula,</emphasis>
Godman &amp; Salvin
</taxonomicName>
, male genitalia, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFB86F848FB38F82D" bold="true" box="[1127,1159,1948,1972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9856FFAFFB6FF849FF67F841" authority=", Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityName=", Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tegula">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFB6FF849FA9DF82D" box="[1166,1314,1948,1972]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">Emesis tegula,</emphasis>
Godman &amp; Salvin
</taxonomicName>
, male genitalia, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFDE8F814FD96F841" bold="true" box="[521,553,1984,2008]" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9856FFAFFDCEF815FC3BF841" authority=", Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityName=", Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityYear="1886" box="[559,900,1984,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tegula">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9856FFAFFDCEF815FD7CF841" box="[559,707,1984,2008]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="412">Emesis tegula,</emphasis>
Godman &amp; Salvin
</taxonomicName>
, female genitalia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7166119857FFAEFF79F937FB4AF812" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11045397" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11045397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11045397/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" startId="7.[152,270,1763,1787]" targetBox="[214,1361,195,1726]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB136999857FFAEFF79F937FB4AF812" blockId="7.[151,1437,1763,1932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFF79F937FEE5F962" bold="true" box="[152,346,1763,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">FIGURES 22–28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9857FFAEFE81F930FD35F962" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" authorityYear="2024" box="[352,650,1763,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFE81F930FE5CF962" box="[352,483,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">Emesis pacis</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFDB6F930FD35F962" box="[599,650,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFD71F930FD5EF965" bold="true" box="[656,737,1764,1788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09857FFAEFD71F930FD5EF965" box="[656,737,1764,1788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Scale bar adults 10 mm., Scale bar genitalia 1mm.
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFB0BF937FAB5F962" bold="true" box="[1258,1290,1763,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">22.</emphasis>
HOLOTYPE,
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9857FFAEFF76F8DCFE7CF886" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,451,1799,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFF76F8DCFEA4F886" box="[151,283,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">Emesis pacis</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFE6EF8DCFE7CF886" box="[399,451,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFE28F8DCFDA5F8B9" bold="true" box="[457,538,1800,1824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09857FFAEFE28F8DCFDA5F8B9" box="[457,538,1800,1824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFD4BF8D3FD75F886" bold="true" box="[682,714,1799,1823]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">23.</emphasis>
HOLOTYPE,
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9857FFAEFC82F8DCFB30F886" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" authorityYear="2024" box="[867,1167,1799,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFC82F8DCFC59F886" box="[867,998,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">Emesis pacis</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFBBAF8DCFB30F886" box="[1115,1167,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFB74F8DCFB5AF8B9" bold="true" box="[1173,1253,1800,1824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09857FFAEFB74F8DCFB5AF8B9" box="[1173,1253,1800,1824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFA9CF8D3FA23F886" bold="true" box="[1405,1436,1799,1823]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9857FFAEFF76F8F8FE7AF8DA" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,453,1835,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFF76F8F8FEA4F8DA" box="[151,283,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">Emesis pacis</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFE70F8F8FE7AF8DA" box="[401,453,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFE2AF8F8FDA2F8DD" bold="true" box="[459,541,1836,1860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09857FFAEFE2AF8F8FDA2F8DD" box="[459,541,1836,1860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male genitalia, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFCADF8FFFCD3F8DA" bold="true" box="[844,876,1835,1859]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9857FFAEFC92F8F8FB1FF8DA" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" authorityYear="2024" box="[883,1184,1835,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFC92F8F8FC48F8DA" box="[883,1015,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">Emesis pacis</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFB8DF8F8FB1FF8DA" box="[1132,1184,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFB46F8F8FB47F8DD" bold="true" box="[1191,1272,1836,1860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09857FFAEFB46F8F8FB47F8DD" box="[1191,1272,1836,1860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male genitalia, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFEFFF89BFE81F8FE" bold="true" box="[286,318,1871,1895]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9857FFAEFEA2F884FDD5F8FE" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" authorityYear="2024" box="[323,618,1871,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFEA2F884FE7AF8FE" box="[323,453,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">Emesis pacis</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFDD6F884FDD5F8FE" box="[567,618,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFD8FF884FD01F8F1" bold="true" box="[622,702,1872,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09857FFAEFD8FF884FD01F8F1" box="[622,702,1872,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male genitalia, ventral view at angle, showing transtill.
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFB14F89BFAABF8FE" bold="true" box="[1269,1300,1871,1895]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9857FFAEFAFBF884FE87F812" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFAFBF884FA23F8FE" box="[1306,1436,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">Emesis pacis</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFEE5F8A0FE87F812" box="[260,312,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFEDCF8A0FE31F815" bold="true" box="[317,398,1908,1932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09857FFAEFEDCF8A0FE31F815" box="[317,398,1908,1932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male on wet sand.
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFDB9F8A7FDC7F812" bold="true" box="[600,632,1907,1931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9857FFAEFD9FF8A0FC17F812" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" authorityYear="2024" box="[638,936,1907,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFD9FF8A0FCBEF812" box="[638,769,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">Emesis pacis</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFC94F8A0FC17F812" box="[885,936,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9857FFAEFC4FF8A0FC40F815" bold="true" box="[942,1023,1908,1932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09857FFAEFC4FF8A0FC40F815" box="[942,1023,1908,1932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male, perching on leaf.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31465129858FFA1FF26FF42FE7AF9B4" pageId="8" pageNumber="414" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB136999858FFA1FF26FF42FBD0FF28" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1977]" box="[199,1135,150,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9858FFA1FF26FF42FEE6FF29" bold="true" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Description.</emphasis>
MALE (
<figureCitation id="13352A1C9858FFA1FE5FFF43FDF6FF28" box="[446,585,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[214,1361,195,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[214,1374,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov. Scale bar adults 10 mm., Scale bar genitalia 1mm. 22. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., lateral view. 23. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., ventral view. 24. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, lateral view. 25. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view. 26. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view at angle, showing transtill. 27. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male on wet sand. 28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male, perching on leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11045397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11045397/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Figs. 22–26</figureCitation>
): Forewing length of
<typeStatus id="54B5883B9858FFA1FCD8FF43FC72FF28" box="[825,973,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<quantity id="4CF69B7C9858FFA1FC35FF43FB9CFF28" box="[980,1059,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
(n=1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136999858FFA1FF26FF6FFADBFF60" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9858FFA1FF26FF6FFEF5FF4C" box="[199,330,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Wing shape</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13352A1C9858FFA1FEBBFF6FFE59FF4C" box="[346,486,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[214,1361,195,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[214,1374,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov. Scale bar adults 10 mm., Scale bar genitalia 1mm. 22. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., lateral view. 23. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., ventral view. 24. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, lateral view. 25. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view. 26. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view at angle, showing transtill. 27. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male on wet sand. 28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male, perching on leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11045397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11045397/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Figs. 22–23</figureCitation>
): Costal margin very slightly concave, apex slightly falcate, distal margin convex to pointed tornus, inner margin straight. Hindwing distal margin curved to rounded tornus, inner margin convex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136999858FFA1FF26FED7FB06FE48" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9858FFA1FF26FED7FED1FE84" box="[199,366,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13352A1C9858FFA1FE9CFED7FE6EFE84" box="[381,465,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[214,1361,195,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[214,1374,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov. Scale bar adults 10 mm., Scale bar genitalia 1mm. 22. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., lateral view. 23. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., ventral view. 24. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, lateral view. 25. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view. 26. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view at angle, showing transtill. 27. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male on wet sand. 28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male, perching on leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11045397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11045397/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
): Forewing dorsal surface dark brown, discal cell with three thick, black evenly spaced lines, and one slightly curved at the end, three similar black lines below in cell CuA
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FBB3FEEDFBE5FEDE" attach="left" box="[1106,1114,313,327]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">2</subScript>
; distad, a post discal row of unconnected black lines in cells R
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FDF1FE89FDA7FEF2" attach="left" box="[528,536,349,363]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">2</subScript>
to CuA
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FD8EFE89FDC8FEF2" attach="left" box="[623,631,349,363]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">2</subScript>
, the line in cell M
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FCDEFE89FCF8FEF2" attach="left" box="[831,839,349,363]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">2</subScript>
slightly offset distad, those in cells R
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FB04FE89FB52FEF2" attach="left" box="[1253,1261,349,363]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">2</subScript>
, R
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FAECFE89FAAAFEF2" attach="left" box="[1293,1301,349,363]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">4</subScript>
+R
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FAD9FE89FAFFFEF2" attach="right" box="[1336,1344,349,363]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">5</subScript>
, M
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FA87FE89FAD1FEF2" attach="left" box="[1382,1390,349,363]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">3</subScript>
and Cu1 connected distad to a yellow/orange spot; distad of this, a slightly curved postmedian row of indistinct black spots and a parallel row of sharper, smaller submarginal spots, one in each cell except in CuA
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FB48FE71FB0EFE2A" attach="left" box="[1193,1201,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">2</subScript>
where there are two; at the apex, the two rows are separated by indistinct yellow/orange scaling; fringe dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136999858FFA1FF26FE0FFC21FD30" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">
Hindwing dorsal surface brown, anal cell grey-brown; discal cell occupied by three irregular lines, the first divided into two small spots; below an indistinct spot in cell CuA
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FC6AFDC5FC2CFD86" attach="left" box="[907,915,529,543]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">2</subScript>
; post discal row of irregular, connected short lines between Sc+R
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FE99FDE1FE3FFDDA" attach="left" box="[376,384,565,579]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">1</subScript>
and vein 2A, a continuation of those on forewing, nearly in a straight line, except for that in Sc+R
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FF37FD8DFF61FDFE" attach="left" box="[214,222,601,615]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">1</subScript>
being slightly offset proximally; distad a slightly curved row of faint, black spots between vein Rs and vein 2A, and a parallel row of indistinct small marginal black spots, one in each cell except in CuA
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FB44FDA9FB12FD12" attach="left" box="[1189,1197,637,651]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">2</subScript>
, where there are two, the space between these two rows slightly lighter; fringe dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136999858FFA1FF26FD67FE24FCC4" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9858FFA1FF26FD67FECCFD54" box="[199,371,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Ventral surface</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13352A1C9858FFA1FE64FD67FE63FD54" box="[389,476,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[214,1361,195,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[214,1374,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov. Scale bar adults 10 mm., Scale bar genitalia 1mm. 22. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., lateral view. 23. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., ventral view. 24. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, lateral view. 25. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view. 26. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view at angle, showing transtill. 27. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male on wet sand. 28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male, perching on leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11045397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11045397/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
): Forewing ventral surface ground color reddish brown, maculation same as dorsal, but more pronounced. Discal area to post discal line reddish brown, infused with grey scaling below vein CuA
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FA6DFD3DFA2BFD6E" attach="left" box="[1420,1428,745,759]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">2</subScript>
; postmedian and marginal areas lighter with greater variable infusions of yellow/orange scaling; area between vein CuA
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FF2DFCE5FF6BFCA6" attach="left" box="[204,212,817,831]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">2</subScript>
and inner margin infused with grey scaling; row of marginal spots reddish brown except for the two in cell CuA
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FF2DFC81FF6BFCFA" attach="left" box="[204,212,853,867]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">2</subScript>
, which are black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136999858FFA1FF26FCB3FB5BFB88" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">
Hindwing ventral surface ground color uniform light brown, cellular area with short line above discal cell in cell Sc+R
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FF37FC49FF61FC32" attach="right" box="[214,222,925,939]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">1</subScript>
, four faint lines within discal cell, the three intermediate lines divided, that at end of cell long; post discal row of separated short black lines extends from vein M
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FD37FC15FD61FC56" attach="left" box="[726,734,961,975]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">2</subScript>
to vein 2A, those in cells M
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FBC3FC15FB95FC56" attach="left" box="[1058,1066,961,975]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">1</subScript>
and Rs angled parallel to end of cell; that in Sc+R
<subScript id="178A34DC9858FFA1FEBAFC31FEDCFC6A" attach="left" box="[347,355,997,1011]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">1</subScript>
offset proximally; postmedian row of lines broader and irregular extending slightly distad along veins; submarginal row of small black spots faint except for that at tornus, which is slightly larger.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136999858FFA1FF26FBCFFAC7FBAC" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1977]" box="[199,1400,1051,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9858FFA1FF26FBCFFEB2FBAC" box="[199,269,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Head:</emphasis>
Labial palpi pubescent, dark yellow; antennae dark brown with scattered whitish scales, frons black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136999858FFA1FF26FBEBFDADFB38" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9858FFA1FF26FBEBFEBEFBC0" box="[199,257,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Body</emphasis>
: Thorax dark brown, forelegs pubescent, dark yellow, femur of both mid- and hind legs ventrally dark grey, dorsally dark yellow, tibia and tarsus dark yellow with random dark brown spurs. Abdomen dark brown with lighter scaling between segments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136999858FFA1FF26FB7FFB9BF990" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9858FFA1FF26FB7FFED2FB5C" box="[199,365,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13352A1C9858FFA1FE9FFB7FFDB5FB5C" box="[382,522,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[214,1361,195,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[214,1374,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov. Scale bar adults 10 mm., Scale bar genitalia 1mm. 22. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., lateral view. 23. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., ventral view. 24. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, lateral view. 25. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view. 26. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view at angle, showing transtill. 27. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male on wet sand. 28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male, perching on leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11045397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11045397/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Figs. 24–26</figureCitation>
): Uncus shorter than tegumen, squared in lateral view, lobes of uncus connected directly without intermediate peak in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="13352A1C9858FFA1FD35FB1BFC98FB70" box="[724,807,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[214,1361,195,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[214,1374,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov. Scale bar adults 10 mm., Scale bar genitalia 1mm. 22. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., lateral view. 23. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., ventral view. 24. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, lateral view. 25. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view. 26. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view at angle, showing transtill. 27. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male on wet sand. 28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male, perching on leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11045397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11045397/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
); tegumen rounded dorsally, narrow laterally, narrowing ventrally to rounded point; falces connected to lateral edges of tegumen, curved caudad, scaphium narrow, attached dorsally to tegumen; vinculum not connected dorsally, attached to cephad edge of tegumen, slightly curved in “s” shape to saccus with triangular caudad projecting flange halfway; saccus small, triangular, flat; valvae elongated, tip bifurcated in two pointed projections on each side, dorsal projection slightly curved with rough edges, broader in ventral view, lower projection shorter, narrower, at divergent angle from dorsal projection; transtilla connecting two sides of valvae dorsally to aedeagus, ending caudad in two small points (
<figureCitation id="13352A1C9858FFA1FBEAFA73FBDEFA58" box="[1035,1121,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[214,1361,195,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[214,1374,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov. Scale bar adults 10 mm., Scale bar genitalia 1mm. 22. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., lateral view. 23. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., ventral view. 24. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, lateral view. 25. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view. 26. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view at angle, showing transtill. 27. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male on wet sand. 28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male, perching on leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11045397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11045397/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
); aedeagus curved, pointed, with ventral flange before attachment to the curved pedicel, vesica leaves aedeagus dorsally before pointed tip and contains two, small separate elongated cornuti, one slightly longer than the other.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136999858FFA1FF26F9C6FE7AF9B4" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1977]" box="[199,453,1554,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9858FFA1FF26F9C6FEF7F9B4" bold="true" box="[199,328,1554,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">FEMALE:</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31465129858FFA1FF26F9E3FA8EF9EC" pageId="8" pageNumber="414" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB136999858FFA1FF26F9E3FA8EF9EC" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9858FFA1FF26F9E3FEF1F9C8" bold="true" box="[199,334,1591,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name is a noun in opposition in Latin signifying peace, a word particularly important and relevant to the current situation in
<collectingCountry id="F31976099858FFA1FDF8F98FFD35F9EC" box="[537,650,1627,1653]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, and especially the Departments where this species is found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31465129858FFA1FF26F9AAFD85F978" pageId="8" pageNumber="414" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB136999858FFA1FF26F9AAFD85F978" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9858FFA1FF26F9AAFEE6F901" bold="true" box="[199,345,1662,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13352A1C9858FFA1FE88F9ABFE03F900" box="[361,444,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1060,1084]" captionTargetBox="[399,1187,181,1036]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[399,1187,181,1036]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 29. Distribution map. Red circles= Emesis hypoaithos hypoaithos Callaghan et al. sp. nov. Blue circles= Emesis hypoaithos ochros Callaghan et al. ssp. nov. Yellow circles = Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11045399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11045399/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
, yellow circles). The range of
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9858FFA1FCF2F9ABFC1AF901" authority="Callaghan &amp; Trujano-Ortega &amp; Ríos-Málaver, 2024" authorityName="Callaghan &amp; Trujano-Ortega &amp; Ríos-Málaver" authorityYear="2024" box="[787,933,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9858FFA1FCF2F9ABFC1AF901" box="[787,933,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Emesis pacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9858FFA1FC4DF9ABFBBEF900" bold="true" box="[940,1025,1663,1689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is limited to the northern portion of the western cordillera in the Departments of
<collectingRegion id="49CAF87B9858FFA1FD6FF977FD44F924" box="[654,763,1699,1725]" country="Colombia" name="Risaralda" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Risaralda</collectingRegion>
,
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and
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de
<collectingRegion id="49CAF87B9858FFA1FBEEF977FBE6F924" box="[1039,1113,1699,1725]" country="Colombia" name="Cauca" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Cauca</collectingRegion>
. Additional data comes from the photos of amateur photographers:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31465129858FFA0FF26F93FFE7EFB55" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="8" pageNumber="414" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB136999858FFA1FF26F93FFB68F8D4" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">
<materialsCitation id="3B663CC49858FFA1FF26F93FFE7FF89C" box="[199,448,1771,1797]" collectorName="Jardin" location="Antioquia" pageId="8" pageNumber="414" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Antioquia">
<specimenCount id="9D08FD109858FFA1FF26F93FFF53F89C" box="[199,236,1771,1797]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="414" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49CAF87B9858FFA1FF19F93FFED4F89C" box="[248,363,1771,1797]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="26FB534F9858FFA1FE99F93FFE7FF89C" box="[376,448,1771,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Jardín</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
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<specimenCount id="9D08FD109858FFA1FE2DF93FFE47F89C" box="[460,504,1771,1797]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="414" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectingRegion id="49CAF87B9858FFA1FDE1F93FFD11F89C" box="[512,686,1771,1797]" country="Honduras" name="Valle" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Valle de Cauca</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="26FB534F9858FFA1FD5BF93FFCA2F89C" box="[698,797,1771,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">El Cairo</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26FB534F9858FFA1FCC8F93FFC6AF89C" box="[809,981,1771,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Cerro el Inglés</collectorName>
,
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/
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,
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,
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,
<collectorName id="26FB534F9858FFA1FF76F8DBFE0BF8B0" box="[151,436,1807,1833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Joel Tupac Otero Ospina</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
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<specimenCount id="9D08FD109858FFA1FE22F8DBFE4FF8B0" box="[451,496,1807,1833]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="414" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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,
<collectingRegion id="49CAF87B9858FFA1FD7BF8DBFCB8F8B0" box="[666,775,1807,1833]" country="Colombia" name="Risaralda" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Risaralda</collectingRegion>
,
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/
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,
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,
<collectorName id="26FB534F9858FFA1FBB1F8DBFADFF8B0" box="[1104,1376,1807,1833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Daniel Jaramillo Ferrer</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
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<specimenCount id="9D08FD109858FFA1FA8EF8DBFA23F8B0" box="[1391,1436,1807,1833]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="414" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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,
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/
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,
<quantity id="4CF69B7C9858FFA1FCC2F8E7FCCBF8D4" box="[803,884,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" pageId="8" pageNumber="414" unit="m" value="2190.0">
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,
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</date>
,
<collectorName id="26FB534F9858FFA1FBCEF8E7FB6BF8D4" box="[1071,1236,1843,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Kim Garwood</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136999858FFA1FF26F883FB94F820" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9858FFA1FF26F883FECDF8E9" bold="true" box="[199,370,1878,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B663CC49858FFA1FE94F883FB94F820" collectingDate="2004-08-19" collectingDateMax="2004-08-20" collectingDateMin="2004-08-19" collectorName="L. Franco" country="Colombia" elevation="2150" latitude="5.148333" location="Colombia" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.03333" municipality="Pueblo Rico Cuchilla La Linea" pageId="8" pageNumber="414" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Risaralda" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54B5883B9858FFA1FE94F883FE62F8E8" box="[373,477,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male from
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,
<collectingRegion id="49CAF87B9858FFA1FD2FF883FC84F8E8" box="[718,827,1879,1905]" country="Colombia" name="Risaralda" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Risaralda</collectingRegion>
, with the following labels:HOLOTYPUS/
<collectingCountry id="F31976099858FFA1FAE9F883FA23F8E8" box="[1288,1436,1879,1905]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="49CAF87B9858FFA1FF76F8AFFEBBF80C" box="[151,260,1915,1941]" country="Colombia" name="Risaralda" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Risaralda</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD5ACE39858FFA1FEEFF8AFFDDCF80C" box="[270,611,1915,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Pueblo Rico Cuchilla La Línea</collectingMunicipality>
PNN
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/
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,
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. Van
<collectorName id="26FB534F9858FFA1FF76F84BFF5CF820" box="[151,227,1951,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Someren-Rydon</collectorName>
,
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</date>
,
<collectorName id="26FB534F9858FFA1FE4FF84BFDA5F820" box="[430,538,1951,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">L. Franco</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="26FB534F9858FFA1FDCBF84BFCBCF820" box="[554,771,1951,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Instituto Humboldt</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26FB534F9858FFA1FCEFF84BFCC3F820" box="[782,892,1951,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="414">Colombia</collectorName>
IAvH-E-86367
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7166119859FFA0FF79FBF0FB32FBF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11045399" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11045399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11045399/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" startId="9.[152,255,1060,1084]" targetBox="[399,1187,181,1036]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB136999859FFA0FF79FBF0FB32FBF9" blockId="9.[151,1436,1060,1120]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FF79FBF0FE97FBA5" bold="true" box="[152,296,1060,1084]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
Distribution map. Red circles=
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9859FFA0FD99FBF1FBE2FBA5" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" authorityYear="2024" box="[632,1117,1060,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hypoaithos" status="sp. nov." subSpecies="hypoaithos">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FD99FBF1FC10FBA5" box="[632,943,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Emesis hypoaithos hypoaithos</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FBC6FBF1FBE2FBA5" box="[1063,1117,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FB85FBF0FB08FBA5" bold="true" box="[1124,1207,1060,1084]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09859FFA0FB85FBF0FB08FBA5" box="[1124,1207,1060,1084]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Blue circles
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FADAFBF1FAF3FBA5" box="[1339,1356,1061,1084]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">=</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9859FFA0FAB5FBF1FE48FBF9" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hypoaithos" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="ochros">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FAB5FBF1FEEEFBF9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Emesis hypoaithos ochros</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FE25FB9DFE48FBF9" box="[452,503,1096,1120]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FE1CFB9CFDE8FBF9" bold="true" box="[509,599,1096,1120]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09859FFA0FE1CFB9CFDE8FBF9" box="[509,599,1096,1120]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Yellow circles
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FD14FB9DFCB9FBF9" box="[757,774,1097,1120]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">=</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9859FFA0FCEDFB9DFB88FBF9" authority="Callaghan et al." authorityName="Callaghan" authorityYear="2024" box="[780,1079,1096,1120]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FCEDFB9DFC2FFBF9" box="[780,912,1097,1120]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Emesis pacis</emphasis>
Callaghan
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FBE2FB9DFB88FBF9" box="[1027,1079,1096,1120]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09859FFA0FBDDFB9CFB32FBF9" box="[1084,1165,1096,1120]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB136999859FFA0FF26FB5BFE7EFB55" blockId="9.[151,1437,1166,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">
<materialsCitation id="3B663CC49859FFA0FF26FB5BFE02FB55" country="Colombia" county="Frondino" location="United Kingdom" municipality="Natural History Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Antioquia" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54B5883B9859FFA0FF26FB5BFE87FB30" box="[199,312,1167,1193]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FEA9FB5AFE4FFB31" bold="true" box="[328,496,1166,1192]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">
<collectingCountry id="F31976099859FFA0FEA9FB5AFE54FB31" box="[328,491,1166,1192]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D08FD109859FFA0FE1DFB5AFDA0FB31" box="[508,543,1166,1192]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<collectingCounty id="62D04E159859FFA0FDCDFB5AFD29FB31" box="[556,662,1166,1192]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Frondino</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="49CAF87B9859FFA0FD45FB5AFCA8FB31" box="[676,791,1166,1192]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
, NHMUK
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD5ACE39859FFA0FC7CFB5AFB7CFB30" box="[925,1219,1166,1193]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Natural History Museum</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8ED160429859FFA0FB32FB5AFA27FB31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A7878F9855FFA0FF76F94CFB65F87C:8ED160429859FFA0FB32FB5AFA27FB31" box="[1235,1432,1166,1192]" country="Colombia" county="Frondino" municipality="Natural History Museum" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Antioquia">United Kingdom</location>
,
<location id="8ED160429859FFA0FF76FB66FF4EFB55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A7878F9855FFA0FF76F94CFB65F87C:8ED160429859FFA0FF76FB66FF4EFB55" box="[151,241,1202,1228]" country="Colombia" county="Frondino" municipality="Natural History Museum" name="London" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Antioquia">London</location>
,
<location id="8ED160429859FFA0FF1DFB66FE02FB55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A7878F9855FFA0FF76F94CFB65F87C:8ED160429859FFA0FF1DFB66FE02FB55" box="[252,445,1202,1228]" country="Colombia" county="Frondino" municipality="Natural History Museum" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" stateProvince="Antioquia">United Kingdom</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31465129859FFA0FF26FB02FC33F9AD" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB136999859FFA0FF26FB02FC33F9AD" blockId="9.[151,1437,1166,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FF26FB02FE9EFB69" bold="true" box="[199,289,1238,1264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Biology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13352A1C9859FFA0FED0FB02FE04FB69" box="[305,443,1238,1264]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[214,1361,195,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[214,1374,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov. Scale bar adults 10 mm., Scale bar genitalia 1mm. 22. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., lateral view. 23. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., ventral view. 24. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, lateral view. 25. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view. 26. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view at angle, showing transtill. 27. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male on wet sand. 28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male, perching on leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11045397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11045397/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Figs. 27, 28</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9859FFA0FE2FFB03FDDFFB69" authority="Callaghan &amp; Trujano-Ortega &amp; Ríos-Málaver, 2024" authorityName="Callaghan &amp; Trujano-Ortega &amp; Ríos-Málaver" authorityYear="2024" box="[462,608,1239,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FE2FFB03FDDFFB69" box="[462,608,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Emesis pacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FD86FB02FD7EFB69" bold="true" box="[615,705,1238,1264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09859FFA0FD86FB02FD7EFB69" box="[615,705,1238,1264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is apparently a very rare species endemic to the central region in the Cordillera Occidental of
<collectingCountry id="F31976099859FFA0FE33FB2EFDFBFA8D" box="[466,580,1274,1300]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. This region is characterized by very high rainfall (Mountain Rain Forest (bp-M), and Mid Mountain Rain Forest (bp-MB) and is very rich in endemic species with distribution restricted to the biogeographic Chocó region, including
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9859FFA0FDB0FA96FB20FAC5" authority="(Callaghan &amp; Salazar, 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Callaghan &amp; Salazar" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[593,1183,1346,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pseudotinea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volcanicus">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FDB0FA96FCE5FAC5" box="[593,858,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Pseudotinea volcanicus</emphasis>
(Callaghan &amp; Salazar, 1997)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9859FFA0FB4BFA97FE00FA19" authority="Callaghan &amp; Salazar, 1999" authorityName="Callaghan &amp; Salazar" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingrumaensis">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FB4BFA97FA23FAC5" box="[1194,1436,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Mesene ingrumaensis</emphasis>
Callaghan &amp; Salazar, 1999
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9859FFA0FE26FAB2FB26FA19" authority="(Constantino, G. Rodriguez &amp; Salazar, 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Constantino, G. Rodriguez &amp; Salazar" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[455,1177,1382,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Euselasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebrosa">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FE26FAB2FD19FA19" box="[455,678,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Euselasia tenebrosa</emphasis>
(Constantino, G. Rodríguez &amp; Salazar, 2011)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9859FFA0FB43FAB3FEFFFA3D" authority="(Stichel, 1927)" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Mesosemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portentosa">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FB43FAB3FA23FA19" box="[1186,1436,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Mesosemia portentosa</emphasis>
(Stichel, 1927)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9859FFA0FEAAFA5FFC20FA3D" authority="Constantino, Salazar &amp; Rodriguez, 2010" authorityName="Constantino, Salazar &amp; Rodriguez" authorityYear="2010" box="[331,927,1418,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Mesosemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vemania">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FEAAFA5FFE6FFA3D" box="[331,464,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">M. vemania</emphasis>
Constantino, Salazar &amp; Rodríguez, 2010
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9859FFA0FC3BFA5EFAD9FA3D" authority="(Hewitson, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[986,1382,1418,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pelolasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bettina">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FC3BFA5EFB27FA3D" box="[986,1176,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Pelolasia bettina</emphasis>
(Hewitson, 1869)
</taxonomicName>
. Our observations suggest that
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9859FFA0FE22FA7BFDE7FA51" authority="Callaghan &amp; Trujano-Ortega &amp; Ríos-Málaver, 2024" authorityName="Callaghan &amp; Trujano-Ortega &amp; Ríos-Málaver" authorityYear="2024" box="[451,600,1455,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FE22FA7BFDE7FA51" box="[451,600,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Emesis pacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FD82FA7AFD7FFA51" bold="true" box="[611,704,1454,1480]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09859FFA0FD82FA7AFD7FFA51" box="[611,704,1454,1480]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is most common during the drier months, especially June and August. Occurs rarely in areas of undisturbed cloud forest between
<quantity id="4CF69B7C9859FFA0FC73FA06FB99FA74" box="[914,1062,1490,1517]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="2000.0" valueMax="2500.0" valueMin="1500.0">1500–2500m</quantity>
near streams and small clearings where the males can be observed perching with wings outspread or imbibing mineral salts on wet sand (
<figureCitation id="13352A1C9859FFA0FAEEFA22FA2BF989" box="[1295,1428,1526,1552]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="7.[152,270,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[214,1361,195,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[214,1374,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov. Scale bar adults 10 mm., Scale bar genitalia 1mm. 22. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., lateral view. 23. HOLOTYPE, Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., ventral view. 24. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, lateral view. 25. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view. 26. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male genitalia, ventral view at angle, showing transtill. 27. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male on wet sand. 28. Emesis pacis Callaghan et al. sp. nov., male, perching on leaf." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11045397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11045397/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Figs. 27–28</figureCitation>
) on sunny days when the environmental temperature is above 24 °C.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31465129859FFA0FF26F9EAFB65F87C" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB136999859FFA0FF26F9EAFC8DF971" blockId="9.[151,1437,1166,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FF26F9EAFEF0F9C1" bold="true" box="[199,335,1598,1624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Discussion:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9859FFA0FEB4F9EBFDE9F9C1" authority="Callaghan &amp; Trujano-Ortega &amp; Ríos-Málaver, 2024" authorityName="Callaghan &amp; Trujano-Ortega &amp; Ríos-Málaver" authorityYear="2024" box="[341,598,1598,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Emesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Tenedia">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FEB4F9EBFDE9F9C1" box="[341,598,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Emesis (Tenedia) pacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FDBDF9EAFD0BF9C1" bold="true" box="[604,692,1598,1624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24957F09859FFA0FDBDF9EAFD0BF9C1" box="[604,692,1598,1624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was first known from a lone male specimen in the British Museum (Natural History) photographed and published by
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B689859FFA0FD5AF9B6FCC7F9E5" author="D'Abrera, B. L." box="[699,888,1634,1660]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" pagination="879 - 1096" refId="ref7399" refString="D'Abrera, B. L. (1994) Butterflies of the Neotropical Region. Part VI. Riodinidae. Black Rock, Hill House, Victoria, pp. 879 - 1096." type="book chapter" year="1994">D’Abrera (1994)</bibRefCitation>
, in his volume VI of Butterflies of the Neotropical Region as an undescribed taxon. Another lone specimen, the
<typeStatus id="54B5883B9859FFA0FC90F952FC63F939" box="[881,988,1670,1696]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, was found in the Instituto Humboldt collection in Villa de Leyva,
<collectingCountry id="F31976099859FFA0FE38F97EFDF4F95D" box="[473,587,1706,1732]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. Since then, the species has been recorded occasionally by amateur butterfly photographers from various localities in western
<collectingCountry id="F31976099859FFA0FD5DF91AFC91F971" box="[700,814,1742,1768]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB136999859FFA0FF26F927FB65F87C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1166,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">
In their genomic analysis of the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9859FFA0FD88F926FC7FF895" authority=", Zhang et al. (2019)" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="2019" box="[617,960,1778,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Emesidini">
Emesidini,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9F4B689859FFA0FD09F926FC7FF895" author="Zhang, J. &amp; Shen, J. &amp; Cong, Q. &amp; Grishin, N." box="[744,960,1778,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" pagination="475 - 488" refId="ref8060" refString="Zhang, J., Shen, J., Cong, Q. &amp; Grishin, N. (2019) Genomic analysis of the tribe Emesidini (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Zootaxa, 4668 (4), 475 - 488. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4668.4.2" type="journal article" year="2019">
Zhang
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FCD7F927FCD1F895" box="[822,878,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
defined a subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9859FFA0FB42F926FAE9F895" authority="Grishin" authorityName="Grishin" box="[1187,1366,1778,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tenedia">
<emphasis id="B97AEA8B9859FFA0FB42F926FB44F895" box="[1187,1275,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="415">Tenedia</emphasis>
Grishin
</taxonomicName>
based exclusively on DNA data, on the absence of apparent synapomorphy. However, all the species cited by them as belonging to this subgenus share two elongated slightly divergent posterior projections in the male genitalia. As in the case of most groups belonging to the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C0E4D1A9859FFA0FD6BF88AFD41F8E1" box="[650,766,1886,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Emesidini">Emesidini</taxonomicName>
, there is considerable individual variation which complicates the classification on the species level. Species status is best confirmed using barcoding or other genomic techniques. However, in the case of the present taxon, the morphological characters of the wing maculation described above show very slight variation in the individuals studied and is sufficient to confirm its species status.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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