plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/33/07/83/330783AF672B5CD0BFAEAB6D9C930157.xml
maintenance def2780e34 added 33
2024-06-21 12:33:07 +02:00

302 lines
40 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.114482" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-437" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EEB0461C676B5A25BB12056902E94E2D" ID-ZooBank="47BB271B27F748E6A94BC516DAEE2B53" ModsDocID="1860-0743-100-2-437" checkinTime="1712976148768" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liu, Hai-Long, Lin, Da-Hao, Wang, An-Tai, Hu, Zhang-Li &amp; Zhang, Yu" docDate="2024" docId="330783AF672B5CD0BFAEAB6D9C930157" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 100(2): 437-445" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (2)" docPubDate="2024-04-12" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.114482" docTitle="Prosthiostomum huidongense Liu 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="9A6C8F9B-5664-4D50-806A-A50A4E4D119E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="EEB0461C676B5A25BB12056902E94E2D" lastPageNumber="437" masterDocId="EEB0461C676B5A25BB12056902E94E2D" masterDocTitle="Description of a new marine flatworm of Prosthiostomum (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Prosthiostomidae) from the South China Sea" masterLastPageNumber="445" masterPageNumber="437" pageNumber="437" updateTime="1712976148768" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods id="7FDB61091854FC0ACDE55287778D8C15" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7E27B4B2CEFF0FD585F8CF97F9A58B59">
<mods:title id="A1C10A7A0DF35D818331891ACEEE7211">Description of a new marine flatworm of Prosthiostomum (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Prosthiostomidae) from the South China Sea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="CAF701A3DABDD01473EB5B2AEC6B6C7D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DAF2343E0E2AFAC8977B638646607187">
<mods:roleTerm id="459FC1E17F7AE1996A0E42368028BA71">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="01E3376D4A886EDABB0820F82410D19F">Liu, Hai-Long</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6DCDE275910043A24314A72D5C2FA28D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4677-0568</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="158A1F0E3227AB357C68443EB41F732D">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8D46772C37C59BD694F4C69CA2F8B531" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B7427AD0222FD99ACF7009DF7C0F2BFE">
<mods:roleTerm id="E0D11099D08B821D8D90A2A5EC41FA4D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="19FC9E947DCC82428AC9D33458DCC8C4">Lin, Da-Hao</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0CF6D3552DF2B95E846EBFFE4C655CF7">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="63C207AEF29CD76AA916CF8B9CCEA6A9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7B8A298FA0F85626AE895D701DE47F36">
<mods:roleTerm id="BE9AE0F2EE8B474B5AAD6C4781FB1584">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7F1527D16D78142CA12ECEDF822546E4">Wang, An-Tai</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="95ADDE838C2AB57034DD550B8682F3B4" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4222-9535</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="590EFE148F955BBC90F6E4D2CE68B4C0">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="BBCCEA627A72FC770BD50CE3877834A0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7FE60E16F71CB80979CC898359E8D69B">
<mods:roleTerm id="784A5ACAA503993044136973AF8342D3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C1E67FF09DD7BF5C9D10FC6C6239E5AC">Hu, Zhang-Li</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B724AB46A1D2A020A86E792F8E366EC8">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="21EA6DF31DDAAE2E02C25561FAD8E207" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D97FF192294D5E6F11AF9D8EED11DB53">
<mods:roleTerm id="8AE200CBACBD3623EACD38263CE93C3E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E37C873D1DEF472E6CC6E246374598AD">Zhang, Yu</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B73714DEA0D041E75B62E1922C2D5E1A" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7378-6946</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0461A10EE8500E12EC88DA8E891EDF26">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E8F541FCE53FAEF2395EF72906332385" type="email">biozy@szu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B611CD312CA2107E740C8D61BC2D9A7F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="4FD35E4702293E3097D6C248F0AE948F" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="F0D991261EA46E04869139C3051CB6DE">
<mods:title id="3A0DD5619DB33C8D2BA3BFCA3C0E719B">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="3097A06FF90A71404A06FC0FF83BE073">
<mods:date id="6D0D6CE99B03A45F1015AD3BAF4162AF">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4831650D5D582A1769139D4609C2A6B3" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="42F04F2A3C3CB8C049A97C8391B1DAE7">2024-04-12</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="405CD2B3A1325A5DE1CC1563DEC63443" type="volume">
<mods:number id="69D8751EEC5F5BBEB3DFD71F6872010F">100</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="BEBCBDCE4E1F15E20DE589B103DB0C81" type="issue">
<mods:number id="6215C8AD9630A07E472119DC9BA12E5D">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="B2592F3E58BDB6D77185D029DE7B7FB1" unit="page">
<mods:start id="18249831AD045A34E3B9F21378FED454">437</mods:start>
<mods:end id="42646DE2D47507A81DA9C0CFEE0CC6D0">445</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="377D343D4C85A9080EDF056848B6DAC5">
<mods:url id="3C52B6E4288FC32BB31BDE17B1AAF808">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.114482</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="133AD0AD146FC5E04EE14D15695EC6F7">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7E4BDDC20BCECC3A53021D4DC79E44CD" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.114482</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="418D01F5A53A8E08134F0DAEA82A3CF6" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-437</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1AEE4D24CB76BDB209FAD7FE1B8B329C" type="ZooBank">47BB271B27F748E6A94BC516DAEE2B53</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="47126FB3E2BB8FC2564F94734A50AC02" type="Pensoft-UUID">EEB0461C676B5A25BB12056902E94E2D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="330783AF672B5CD0BFAEAB6D9C930157" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9A6C8F9B-5664-4D50-806A-A50A4E4D119E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/330783AF672B5CD0BFAEAB6D9C930157" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">
<subSubSection id="2000F039D23681B046720D0216D70F61" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="ECB1293BD0A321288B26C9B2BEA2D821" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">
<taxonomicName id="F7D93DFBF7EC30FCD10D3FB8B61C80CD" LSID="https://zoobank.org/9A6C8F9B-5664-4D50-806A-A50A4E4D119E" authority="Liu" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="2024" family="Prosthiostomidae" genus="Prosthiostomum" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosthiostomum huidongense" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="huidongense" status="sp. nov.">Prosthiostomum huidongense Liu</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3E653999D4191F535EDB32BB15F40DEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7744F106C12ED0553EAFA505011AF68B" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3E8C22D944793304E7DB99E72E3196DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="856D0EF06C2EAE033D787584A2F11B3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">
<materialsCitation id="80CF2E5A6C490CC50EF796A31FE6EBA3" collectingDate="2023-04-21" collectorName="Hai-Long Liu" country="China" latitude="22.749166" location="Huidong" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="114.75083" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangdong Province" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis id="C249EA5F2C91E025A51789D6C7224FB1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">
<typeStatus id="A2B23419E8CA2C3191E2430B55A999B4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: MBM287880,
<location id="8B4D393A6C61CF7A9A070FF45BF201EA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:330783AF672B5CD0BFAEAB6D9C930157:8B4D393A6C61CF7A9A070FF45BF201EA" country="China" latitude="22.749166" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="114.75083" name="Huidong" stateProvince="Guangdong Province">Huidong</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B06BEA99D8276F0D5479057CD055FC05" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="44.95" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="22.749166">22°44.95'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="28785B9E4BD11F6C48CDA6FF7CF8CE20" degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="45.05" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="114.75083">114°45.05'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingRegion id="52BD5DD48B85435B822827DB56E332A5" country="China" name="Guangdong">Guangdong Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="670D8C3D6A819932C497B268AF77D7EF" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
; under rocks at the intertidal zone,
<collectingDate id="9D901A3DB90195938B033982391131C0" value="2023-04-21">21 April 2023</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName id="2E6312E349F176161CF5BF8636294ECB">Hai-Long Liu</collectorName>
; sagittal sections on 10 slides, deposited at MBMCAS
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="C14518EA6E946311EEA890AA1435A03F" collectingDate="2024-01-01" collectingDateMax="2024-12-31" collectingDateMin="2024-01-01" collectorName="Hai-Long Liu" country="China" latitude="22.749166" location="Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="114.75083" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangdong" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<emphasis id="732D11065C0ED75E73C3C055722E4777" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">
<typeStatus id="2993405F9E61DF4736D830AB56AB4645" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: MBM287881, sagittal sections on 11 slides, same data as for holotype. Molecular voucher specimens: 20230421A1, material of the following GenBank accession numbers have been deposited at the
<location id="11F72D7E31083C5A5DA6BDA583267293" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:330783AF672B5CD0BFAEAB6D9C930157:11F72D7E31083C5A5DA6BDA583267293" country="China" latitude="22.749166" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="114.75083" name="Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource" stateProvince="Guangdong">Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource</location>
and Eco-environmental Science, GenBank: OR680085 (COI), OR680128 (16S), and OR680129 (28S). Collection data are the same as for the
<typeStatus id="1C4EB2E7CE32F2B5C99F2D6FEF4D200A" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="C0832839CB0F7347EE7E7BFCDEF87BBE" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="718B93F6A3613004F1091E4E78D18DB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="91BFEA9A2FC0689D5E2CEF398FBE40FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F5A4E3299AEA86F07EF8E1F83D5926F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">
Body oval-elongated; dorsal surface cream-colored with numerous yellowish-brown maculae; a pair of cerebral eyes clusters forming an approximately inverted
<normalizedToken id="04780E49DB4CD2A98D00A61FB237E3D9" originalValue="“V”">&quot;V&quot;</normalizedToken>
shape; band of marginal eyes extending backwards to behind brain, few eyes scattered between the marginal band and the cerebral eyes; a pair of prostatic vesicles distinctly separated; male atrium shallow, inner wall slightly ruffled; sucker located at two-thirds of body length, removed from the female gonopore by twice the distance between the male and female gonopores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DA0DEC8D957AACB13940BE78A6AC0E74" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" type="description">
<paragraph id="5B7F12F76BC0F763FAB9384F68937E75" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2DC95C90992A936923DB51AF458D6515" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">
Body oval-elongated with rounded ends, 10.8-12.1 mm long and 5.6-7.0 mm wide at its widest in living state (n = 3) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CF4131282C8BB3058196AEB340C765A3" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Prosthiostomum huidongense sp. nov. A. Photograph of entire body, 20230421 A 1 (left, living specimen in dorsal view), MBM 287881 (middle, preserved specimen in dorsal view, paratype), MBM 287880 (right, preserved specimen in ventral view, holotype); B. Schematic diagram of head, showing arrangement of the eyes; C. Magnification of head, dorsal view (holotype); D. Magnification of genital pore and sucker (paratype). Abbreviations: fg - female gonopore; mg - male gonopore; ph - pharynx; su - sucker. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024623" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">2A</figureCitation>
). Tentacles absent. Dorsal surface smooth, cream-colored, uniformly covered with numerous yellowish-brown maculae, pharynx slightly bulging (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B89786CCFB0827B724F61664EF52C109" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Prosthiostomum huidongense sp. nov. A. Photograph of entire body, 20230421 A 1 (left, living specimen in dorsal view), MBM 287881 (middle, preserved specimen in dorsal view, paratype), MBM 287880 (right, preserved specimen in ventral view, holotype); B. Schematic diagram of head, showing arrangement of the eyes; C. Magnification of head, dorsal view (holotype); D. Magnification of genital pore and sucker (paratype). Abbreviations: fg - female gonopore; mg - male gonopore; ph - pharynx; su - sucker. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024623" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">2A</figureCitation>
). Ventral surface translucent, without color pattern. Cerebral region without pigmentation and provided with a pair of clusters of cerebral eyes, located at approximately 1 mm behind the anterior margin, each cluster comprising 15-20 eyes (Fig.
<figureCitation id="688D2E5DC7BCFFA2EA30D45234AE6ACB" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Prosthiostomum huidongense sp. nov. A. Photograph of entire body, 20230421 A 1 (left, living specimen in dorsal view), MBM 287881 (middle, preserved specimen in dorsal view, paratype), MBM 287880 (right, preserved specimen in ventral view, holotype); B. Schematic diagram of head, showing arrangement of the eyes; C. Magnification of head, dorsal view (holotype); D. Magnification of genital pore and sucker (paratype). Abbreviations: fg - female gonopore; mg - male gonopore; ph - pharynx; su - sucker. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024623" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">2B, C</figureCitation>
). About 140 marginal eyes irregularly scattered along the anterior body margin, extending backwards to a level just behind the brain; few eyes scattered between the marginal band and the cerebral eyes (Fig.
<figureCitation id="11142478767553DE0A9B8A9854301C18" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Prosthiostomum huidongense sp. nov. A. Photograph of entire body, 20230421 A 1 (left, living specimen in dorsal view), MBM 287881 (middle, preserved specimen in dorsal view, paratype), MBM 287880 (right, preserved specimen in ventral view, holotype); B. Schematic diagram of head, showing arrangement of the eyes; C. Magnification of head, dorsal view (holotype); D. Magnification of genital pore and sucker (paratype). Abbreviations: fg - female gonopore; mg - male gonopore; ph - pharynx; su - sucker. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024623" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">2B, C</figureCitation>
). Ventral eyes not observed. Frontal branch of the main intestine extending anteriorly to the brain (Fig.
<figureCitation id="19863C55180267E5279049A63CDD1DCA" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosthiostomum huidongense sp. nov., MBM 287880 (holotype), schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B-E), anterior to the left. A. Copulatory complex and sucker; B. Anterior end of the body; C. Penis stylet; D. Male copulatory apparatus; E. Copulatory complex and sucker. Abbreviations: ab - anterior branch of main intestine; br - brain; cg - cement glands; cp - cement pouch; fg - female gonopore; it - intestine; m - mouths; ma - male atrium; mg - male gonopore; ph - pharynx; pv - prostatic vesicle; spv - spermiducal vesicle; st - stylet; su - sucker; sv - seminal vesicle; va - vagina; ut - uterus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, E); 200 μm (B); 50 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024624" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">3B</figureCitation>
). Tubular pharynx in a pharyngeal pocket, positioned in the anterior half of the body. Mouth opening ventrally, located shortly behind the brain (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A00ED36B1EFB55845649702E39B71156" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosthiostomum huidongense sp. nov., MBM 287880 (holotype), schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B-E), anterior to the left. A. Copulatory complex and sucker; B. Anterior end of the body; C. Penis stylet; D. Male copulatory apparatus; E. Copulatory complex and sucker. Abbreviations: ab - anterior branch of main intestine; br - brain; cg - cement glands; cp - cement pouch; fg - female gonopore; it - intestine; m - mouths; ma - male atrium; mg - male gonopore; ph - pharynx; pv - prostatic vesicle; spv - spermiducal vesicle; st - stylet; su - sucker; sv - seminal vesicle; va - vagina; ut - uterus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, E); 200 μm (B); 50 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024624" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">3B</figureCitation>
). Male and female gonopores closely set at the body center, distance between male and female gonopores being 0.6-0.8 mm; sucker situated 1.4-1.8 mm posterior to the female gonopore, twice distance between the male and female gonopores (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A2747E005408C3FCD71DEB05BCBB37F4" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosthiostomum huidongense sp. nov., MBM 287880 (holotype), schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B-E), anterior to the left. A. Copulatory complex and sucker; B. Anterior end of the body; C. Penis stylet; D. Male copulatory apparatus; E. Copulatory complex and sucker. Abbreviations: ab - anterior branch of main intestine; br - brain; cg - cement glands; cp - cement pouch; fg - female gonopore; it - intestine; m - mouths; ma - male atrium; mg - male gonopore; ph - pharynx; pv - prostatic vesicle; spv - spermiducal vesicle; st - stylet; su - sucker; sv - seminal vesicle; va - vagina; ut - uterus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, E); 200 μm (B); 50 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024624" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">3A, E</figureCitation>
). Male copulatory apparatus comprising a large seminal vesicle, a pair of prostatic vesicles, and an armed penis papilla, located immediately posterior to the pharyngeal pocket (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7CD6C5F4310294364CC2E9E4CEE4968E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosthiostomum huidongense sp. nov., MBM 287880 (holotype), schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B-E), anterior to the left. A. Copulatory complex and sucker; B. Anterior end of the body; C. Penis stylet; D. Male copulatory apparatus; E. Copulatory complex and sucker. Abbreviations: ab - anterior branch of main intestine; br - brain; cg - cement glands; cp - cement pouch; fg - female gonopore; it - intestine; m - mouths; ma - male atrium; mg - male gonopore; ph - pharynx; pv - prostatic vesicle; spv - spermiducal vesicle; st - stylet; su - sucker; sv - seminal vesicle; va - vagina; ut - uterus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, E); 200 μm (B); 50 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024624" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">3A, C, E</figureCitation>
). A pair of spherical prostatic vesicles (0.05-0.07 mm in diameter) with a thin muscular wall (0.009-0.012 mm thick), located at both sides of the ejaculatory duct (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FB0D26662275FF3B7A760348CC01DC3D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosthiostomum huidongense sp. nov., MBM 287880 (holotype), schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B-E), anterior to the left. A. Copulatory complex and sucker; B. Anterior end of the body; C. Penis stylet; D. Male copulatory apparatus; E. Copulatory complex and sucker. Abbreviations: ab - anterior branch of main intestine; br - brain; cg - cement glands; cp - cement pouch; fg - female gonopore; it - intestine; m - mouths; ma - male atrium; mg - male gonopore; ph - pharynx; pv - prostatic vesicle; spv - spermiducal vesicle; st - stylet; su - sucker; sv - seminal vesicle; va - vagina; ut - uterus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, E); 200 μm (B); 50 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024624" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">3A, D</figureCitation>
). Seminal vesicle oval, about 0.2 mm in diameter, with a muscular wall about 0.04 mm thick (Fig.
<figureCitation id="4FC16810CF5E5F5CCA300EEA7541205F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosthiostomum huidongense sp. nov., MBM 287880 (holotype), schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B-E), anterior to the left. A. Copulatory complex and sucker; B. Anterior end of the body; C. Penis stylet; D. Male copulatory apparatus; E. Copulatory complex and sucker. Abbreviations: ab - anterior branch of main intestine; br - brain; cg - cement glands; cp - cement pouch; fg - female gonopore; it - intestine; m - mouths; ma - male atrium; mg - male gonopore; ph - pharynx; pv - prostatic vesicle; spv - spermiducal vesicle; st - stylet; su - sucker; sv - seminal vesicle; va - vagina; ut - uterus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, E); 200 μm (B); 50 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024624" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">3A, E</figureCitation>
). Spermiducal vesicle separately open into the anterior portion of the seminal vesicle (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E2686367EF33BFA91E36B38711AF648F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosthiostomum huidongense sp. nov., MBM 287880 (holotype), schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B-E), anterior to the left. A. Copulatory complex and sucker; B. Anterior end of the body; C. Penis stylet; D. Male copulatory apparatus; E. Copulatory complex and sucker. Abbreviations: ab - anterior branch of main intestine; br - brain; cg - cement glands; cp - cement pouch; fg - female gonopore; it - intestine; m - mouths; ma - male atrium; mg - male gonopore; ph - pharynx; pv - prostatic vesicle; spv - spermiducal vesicle; st - stylet; su - sucker; sv - seminal vesicle; va - vagina; ut - uterus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, E); 200 μm (B); 50 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024624" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">3A, D</figureCitation>
). Penis papilla armed with pointed tubular stylet (0.14-0.17 mm in length), enclosed in penis pouch, protruding into male atrium (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0BC4F6F1668C58A9BBC0C1FC4804460B" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosthiostomum huidongense sp. nov., MBM 287880 (holotype), schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B-E), anterior to the left. A. Copulatory complex and sucker; B. Anterior end of the body; C. Penis stylet; D. Male copulatory apparatus; E. Copulatory complex and sucker. Abbreviations: ab - anterior branch of main intestine; br - brain; cg - cement glands; cp - cement pouch; fg - female gonopore; it - intestine; m - mouths; ma - male atrium; mg - male gonopore; ph - pharynx; pv - prostatic vesicle; spv - spermiducal vesicle; st - stylet; su - sucker; sv - seminal vesicle; va - vagina; ut - uterus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, E); 200 μm (B); 50 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024624" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">3C</figureCitation>
). Shallow male atrium with slightly ruffled inner wall, positioned approximately perpendicular to the body wall (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8688B14B5AF454846E90FCE199927151" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosthiostomum huidongense sp. nov., MBM 287880 (holotype), schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B-E), anterior to the left. A. Copulatory complex and sucker; B. Anterior end of the body; C. Penis stylet; D. Male copulatory apparatus; E. Copulatory complex and sucker. Abbreviations: ab - anterior branch of main intestine; br - brain; cg - cement glands; cp - cement pouch; fg - female gonopore; it - intestine; m - mouths; ma - male atrium; mg - male gonopore; ph - pharynx; pv - prostatic vesicle; spv - spermiducal vesicle; st - stylet; su - sucker; sv - seminal vesicle; va - vagina; ut - uterus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, E); 200 μm (B); 50 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024624" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">3A, E</figureCitation>
). Female reproductive system consisting of vagina, cement pouches, and uteri. Vagina short about 0.1 mm long, lined with a ciliated epithelium; the dorsal portion of the vagina enlarged and anteriorly curved, connecting to the uteri (Fig.
<figureCitation id="903D47D8AEC28FF55F8ED924EA2E39FB" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosthiostomum huidongense sp. nov., MBM 287880 (holotype), schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B-E), anterior to the left. A. Copulatory complex and sucker; B. Anterior end of the body; C. Penis stylet; D. Male copulatory apparatus; E. Copulatory complex and sucker. Abbreviations: ab - anterior branch of main intestine; br - brain; cg - cement glands; cp - cement pouch; fg - female gonopore; it - intestine; m - mouths; ma - male atrium; mg - male gonopore; ph - pharynx; pv - prostatic vesicle; spv - spermiducal vesicle; st - stylet; su - sucker; sv - seminal vesicle; va - vagina; ut - uterus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, E); 200 μm (B); 50 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024624" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">3A, E</figureCitation>
). Cement glands numerous, concentrated around the vagina (Fig.
<figureCitation id="74987422DE0190C17ADE19654D4B3028" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosthiostomum huidongense sp. nov., MBM 287880 (holotype), schematic diagram (A) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (B-E), anterior to the left. A. Copulatory complex and sucker; B. Anterior end of the body; C. Penis stylet; D. Male copulatory apparatus; E. Copulatory complex and sucker. Abbreviations: ab - anterior branch of main intestine; br - brain; cg - cement glands; cp - cement pouch; fg - female gonopore; it - intestine; m - mouths; ma - male atrium; mg - male gonopore; ph - pharynx; pv - prostatic vesicle; spv - spermiducal vesicle; st - stylet; su - sucker; sv - seminal vesicle; va - vagina; ut - uterus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, E); 200 μm (B); 50 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024624" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">3A, E</figureCitation>
). Pair of oviducts converging before joining proximal end of vagina. Ovaries not discerned.
</paragraph>
<caption id="42C3F406F7497672A9041101F9D40EEA" doi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024623" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="83D53B4485BD9595AC04E2FE64BCABF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="F99399751950081E7F9316991DC8EA1A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B10555421BBF62A679D83AF131C15561" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="2024" family="Prosthiostomidae" genus="Prosthiostomum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosthiostomum huidongense" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="huidongense">
<emphasis id="A4AF192080B8D82D99C5B7910A924FC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Prosthiostomum huidongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="B353E30C1975568CA48CD861FF3BAF57" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">A.</emphasis>
Photograph of entire body, 20230421A1 (left, living specimen in dorsal view), MBM287881 (middle, preserved specimen in dorsal view, paratype), MBM287880 (right, preserved specimen in ventral view, holotype);
<emphasis id="C9150B5A52D00B0627471B0AB8FB83B7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">B.</emphasis>
Schematic diagram of head, showing arrangement of the eyes;
<emphasis id="7C3796955834EEA52DA8E76346ADE24C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">C.</emphasis>
Magnification of head, dorsal view (holotype);
<emphasis id="D92E366E15E887E8191DA571E79278E4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">D.</emphasis>
Magnification of genital pore and sucker (paratype). Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B4AC13A8237EC6204664FA82361DC075" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">fg</emphasis>
- female gonopore;
<emphasis id="D84EC2AC21D27A7F92FEA1D8583D02A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">mg</emphasis>
- male gonopore;
<emphasis id="519F8F817B6875274BA4EF83CDD4A808" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">ph</emphasis>
- pharynx;
<emphasis id="83750DF53BDCEFAAE1F59DC8CD53658E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">su</emphasis>
- sucker. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B7426EABACDD87ADC830CA8C58F4AAC1" doi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024624" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="D7E2DC23BB90F1B4A9B35AF86AA9D5B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="B7278F2AB052F69B72D551D5F3AEED45" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="97A0D07A9938888CEEB3041705570B52" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="2024" family="Prosthiostomidae" genus="Prosthiostomum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosthiostomum huidongense" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="huidongense">
<emphasis id="CA1FEEDCF5EC939793DE15B56048AA4D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Prosthiostomum huidongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., MBM287880 (holotype), schematic diagram (
<emphasis id="6BAABC391F454FFC5448A7CB58E2B9ED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">A</emphasis>
) and photomicrographs of sagittal sections (
<emphasis id="53970FC8191D2F499B16E17939193CA8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">B-E</emphasis>
), anterior to the left.
<emphasis id="C5A62A9303EA339228A81BBE93A6E5E8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">A.</emphasis>
Copulatory complex and sucker;
<emphasis id="2D76AEA532F2B326E14916D874EBEA37" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">B.</emphasis>
Anterior end of the body;
<emphasis id="18A2FA52F016743F123B8B2C9ACD380E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">C.</emphasis>
Penis stylet;
<emphasis id="D300A1ABD85A4DD982AA58FCC1CD86C8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">D.</emphasis>
Male copulatory apparatus;
<emphasis id="C57FFB4D0D50C6FF75D918ACDDC47A42" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">E.</emphasis>
Copulatory complex and sucker. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="A58EE84473EEF6CE868CD2C42DE8D5EF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">ab</emphasis>
- anterior branch of main intestine;
<emphasis id="B8E597B7F9A342879DBB943DA01E8972" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">br</emphasis>
- brain;
<emphasis id="301D889460C81A59A8F6E8BCC3B1D7FF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">cg</emphasis>
- cement glands;
<emphasis id="E06B748B65A980DF1F1B01CF9FFEFB11" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">cp</emphasis>
- cement pouch;
<emphasis id="736C20EF25D1FC62D44B774D1FB06842" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">fg</emphasis>
- female gonopore;
<emphasis id="79E34B57935A8C6518291A6565835145" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">it</emphasis>
- intestine;
<emphasis id="ACBA0928665761089BDF4A0A4BD00C5C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">m</emphasis>
- mouths;
<emphasis id="0DCBFA4A6EAB5D4A277394C58436D2C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">ma</emphasis>
- male atrium;
<emphasis id="8825A0B460E4E036B865390E4931A9E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">mg</emphasis>
- male gonopore;
<emphasis id="25E007A338E0EC803DA542C4577D5B68" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">ph</emphasis>
- pharynx;
<emphasis id="EFB3A698155C892BC74A996AF17B173E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">pv</emphasis>
- prostatic vesicle;
<emphasis id="10D71570FFB02121AAB550210314BA7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">spv</emphasis>
- spermiducal vesicle;
<emphasis id="E7FAB83B6B5DBAF9CDEDEDAF18B9BC86" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">st</emphasis>
- stylet;
<emphasis id="443902A059261D40076F2FF2C08873B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">su</emphasis>
- sucker;
<emphasis id="2B7153F9F1E356F841BF038818B5B9DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">sv</emphasis>
- seminal vesicle;
<emphasis id="2D60B66A1D46AF3ADC6805AAC2B7F7EA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">va</emphasis>
- vagina;
<emphasis id="755EFC9E1133B2249647EB632EDE47CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">ut</emphasis>
- uterus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
<emphasis id="82A2D306167BEC73274D96B03853AA5F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">A, E</emphasis>
); 200
<normalizedToken id="0C76DF547C1B30D1B90065EECDD8F32F" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="AD6F5AA1C805EA819208773755A846D6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">B</emphasis>
); 50
<normalizedToken id="ECA9FBED9ACBC6DA8EEE30A49EBD6888" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="6590CCBFE1C13A8A1FA6118E366B4800" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">C, D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="64F578444CF3855FEB4C2D5A82793363" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E76B2255779D4BFDDBE837AC93F38516" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56BD757E2D337BA0EDD5DC687115F2AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">The name of the new species is originated from the name of Huidong City, Guangdong Province, China.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0ADB3B216CFD54BB800B6A5FF58F6CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DA9850BBC18B18EC2A6C3D4365922E12" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4CC173F689CDFF7D9E30BE33D7109D73" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">So far only known from Huidong, Guangdong, China.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7D7EA173129052DB715D50258DCA3168" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="1ADAF3D60006DD2D935F1FA48E34A448" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F58619185237D1298CE61C4EB5681B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Intertidal, under rocks.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A4EF814FF3DE66FA27BF83F0A61B2C32" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" type="molecular phylogeny and genetic distances">
<paragraph id="B76F22B0E83B7F54D001E58BEF0EA101" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Molecular phylogeny and genetic distances.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FDDBD9ABD67AC479ACE6855985F83605" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">
The BI and ML trees based on the partial 28S sequences (904 bp) are almost identical in their general topology, and we show only the ML tree (Fig.
<figureCitation id="607C4C2DBCEAF288807691EE2F07B454" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of species of the family Prosthiostomidae based on 28 S rDNA. For clades that received either ≥ 70 % ML bootstrap or ≥ 0.80 BI posterior probability, the support values are presented at the nodes." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024625" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">4</figureCitation>
). In the phylogenetic tree, all
<taxonomicName id="0D633F0CD1A9C9B1FDF06BC4E0190103" authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1845" family="Prosthiostomidae" genus="Prosthiostomum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosthiostomum" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="87A2AADE7A48E68E523BB9A4B97F0182" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Prosthiostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species form a clade with high support values (BP = 81%, PP = 1).
<taxonomicName id="8829FE57F43C6B0B4FB474E1D1D26A4A" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="2024" family="Prosthiostomidae" genus="Prosthiostomum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosthiostomum huidongense" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="huidongense">
<emphasis id="27877CAE89EB6BDD8664ADC1FBEC761E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Prosthiostomum huidongense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is sister to the clade formed by all other species of the genus, excluding
<taxonomicName id="D4B751B831B48BAABC0C22C2AD088275" class="Turbellaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. lobatum" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lobatum">
<emphasis id="3B37A3BFC6DE0BE1B9B47B9E56495C84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">P. lobatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with high support values (BP = 78%, PP = 1). The uncorrected p-distances of the partial COI sequences (658 bp) of the 11
<taxonomicName id="9EA9F3685285C8B30756DFA77CA5743F" authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1845" family="Prosthiostomidae" genus="Prosthiostomum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosthiostomum" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3989257516FA2115DBC8EAC4654AEA37" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Prosthiostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species/molecular entities is 5.7-24.3% (Suppl. material 1: table S2).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BABBFD25C5C61E0B615F1ACB3DFA6437" doi="10.3897/zse.100.114482.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1024625" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="C0C082CD96336037C3B3D995032D8675" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">
<emphasis id="CBC26F4F0E736728B93733EE5CEF247A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="437">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of species of the family
<taxonomicName id="A2E7962A8C1A4F218D58C492ACD4DC42" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" family="Prosthiostomidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Polycladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="437" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Prosthiostomidae</taxonomicName>
based on 28S rDNA. For clades that received either ≥70% ML bootstrap or ≥0.80 BI posterior probability, the support values are presented at the nodes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink