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<mods:title id="2D6982E10752D24004739564430063FD">Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 11. Passeriformes: Parulidae, Drepanididae, Vireonidae, Icteridae, Fringillinae, Carduelinae, Estrildidae, And Viduinae</mods:title>
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<treatment id="2B4687A09E1AFFD2FF167299FC101322" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4611593" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180662841" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4611593" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B4687A09E1AFFD2FF167299FC101322" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B4687A09E1AFFD2FF167299FC101322" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">
<subSubSection id="EBF5653D9E1AFFD2FF167299FDD510D4" box="[165,547,1666,1689]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A35036B69E1AFFD2FF167299FDD510D4" blockId="30.[165,547,1666,1689]" box="[165,547,1666,1689]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="F81881DA9E1AFFD2FF167299FDD510D4" box="[165,547,1666,1689]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E1AFFD2FF167299FDD510D4" ID-CoL="3W9YM" authority="Rothschild" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1893" box="[165,547,1666,1689]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Loxops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolstenholmei">
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E1AFFD2FF167299FDD510D4" bold="true" box="[165,547,1666,1689]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E1AFFD2FF167299FE5410D4" bold="true" box="[165,418,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Loxops wolstenholmei</emphasis>
Rothschild
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBF5653D9E1AFFD2FFEE72ABFBC117C4" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A35036B69E1AFFD2FFEE72ABFE381093" blockId="30.[93,619,1711,1758]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E1AFFD2FFEE72ABFDE2108E" ID-CoL="3W9YM" authority="Rothschild, 1893 d" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1893" box="[93,532,1711,1731]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Loxops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolstenholmei">
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E1AFFD2FFEE72ABFEB4108E" box="[93,322,1711,1731]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Loxops wolstenholmei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FEFD72AAFDE2108E" author="Rothschild, W." box="[334,532,1712,1731]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" refId="ref126924" refString="Rothschild, W. 1893 d. [Mr. Rothschild also exhibited and described the following species]. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1: lvi-lix." type="book" year="1893">Rothschild, 1893d</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: lvi (Island of Oahu, Sandwich group).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A35036B69E1AFFD2FD2874CEFBC117C4" blockId="30.[667,1193,211,393]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83FF11989E1AFFD2FD2874CEFBC117C4" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">
Now
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E1AFFD2FD6A74CEFD1F174F" ID-CoL="3W9YM" authority="Rothschild, 1893" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1893" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Loxops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="coccineus" subSpecies="wolstenholmei">
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E1AFFD2FD6A74CEFBD016AA" box="[729,1062,211,231]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Loxops coccineus wolstenholmei</emphasis>
Rothschild, 1893
</taxonomicName>
. See
<treatmentCitation id="224E10A79E1AFFD2FC9F74F5FBB9174F" author="Rothschild, W." box="[812,1103,239,258]" page="177" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FC9F74F5FBB9174F" author="Rothschild, W." box="[812,1103,239,258]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" pagination="59 - 83" refId="ref127068" refString="Rothschild, W. 1900. The avifauna of Laysan and the neighbouring islands: with a complete history to date of the birds of the Hawaiian possessions. Part 3. London: R. H. Porter, xx + 127 - 320, (Di) 1 - (Di) 21, pls. 59 - 83." type="journal article" year="1900">Rothschild, 1900: 177–178</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 65;
<treatmentCitation id="224E10A79E1AFFD2FD067510FC521750" author="Mathews, G. M." box="[693,932,266,285]" page="812" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" year="1930">
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FD067510FC521750" author="Mathews, G. M." box="[693,932,266,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" refId="ref122755" refString="Mathews, G. M. 1930. Systema avium australasianarum, part 2: 427 - 1048. London: British Ornithologists' Union." type="book" year="1930">Mathews, 1930: 812</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="224E10A79E1AFFD2FC087510FB531750" author="Amadon, D." box="[955,1189,266,285]" page="168" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FC087510FB531750" author="Amadon, D." box="[955,1189,266,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" pagination="151 - 262" refId="ref112297" refString="Amadon, D. 1950. The Hawaiian honeycreepers (Aves, Drepaniidae [sic]). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 95 (4): 151 - 262, 23 figs., 15 tables, pls. 9 - 15." type="book chapter" year="1950">Amadon, 1950: 168</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="224E10A79E1AFFD2FD06753FFC6C1775" author="Greenway, J. C., Jr." box="[693,922,293,312]" page="99" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FD06753FFC6C1775" author="Greenway, J. C., Jr." box="[693,922,293,312]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" pagination="93 - 103" refId="ref116886" refString="Greenway, J. C., Jr. 1968. Drepanididae. In R. A. Paynter, Jr. (editor), Check-list of birds of the world, vol. 14: 93 - 103. Cambridge, MA: Museum of Comparative Zoology, 433 pp." type="book chapter" year="1968">Greenway, 1968: 99</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Olson, 1986: 148–149;
<treatmentCitation id="224E10A79E1AFFD2FD06755AFC8E171E" author="Olson, S. L." box="[693,888,320,339]" page="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FD06755AFC8E171E" author="Olson, S. L." box="[693,888,320,339]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref124372" refString="Olson, S. L. 1996. The contribution of the voyage of H. M. S. Blonde (1825) to Hawaiian ornithology. Archives of Natural History 23: 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1996">Olson, 1996: 15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; American Ornithologists’
<treatmentCitation id="224E10A79E1AFFD2FD067541FC861723" author="Union" box="[693,880,347,366]" page="677" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FD067541FC861723" author="Union" box="[693,880,347,366]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" refId="ref112439" refString="American Ornithologists' Union. 1998. Check-list of North American birds. 7 th ed. Washington, DC: American Ornithologists' Union, 829 pp." type="book" year="1998">Union, 1998: 677</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="224E10A79E1AFFD2FCCD7541FB971723" author="Dickinson, E. C." box="[894,1121,347,366]" page="759" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FCCD7541FB971723" author="Dickinson, E. C." box="[894,1121,347,366]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" refId="ref116121" refString="Dickinson, E. C. (editor). 2003. The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world, 3 rd ed. London: Christopher Helm, 1039 pp." type="book" year="2003">Dickinson, 2003: 759</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="224E10A79E1AFFD2FBDD7541FCBB17C4" author="Pratt, H. D." page="226" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FBDD7541FCBB17C4" author="Pratt, H. D." pageId="30" pageNumber="30" refId="ref125782" refString="Pratt, H. D. 2005. The Hawaiian honeycreepers. Drepanidinae. Oxford: Oxford University Press, xxxii + 342 pp., 9 pls." type="book" year="2005">Pratt, 2005: 226–229</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; and
<treatmentCitation id="224E10A79E1AFFD2FC3B756CFBC417C4" author="Pratt, H. D." box="[904,1074,374,393]" page="647" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FC3B756CFBC417C4" author="Pratt, H. D." box="[904,1074,374,393]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" pagination="618 - 659" refId="ref125811" refString="Pratt, H. D. 2010. Family Drepanididae (Hawaiian honeycreepers). In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and D. Christie (editors), Handbook of the birds of the world, vol. 15, weavers to New World warblers: 618 - 659. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 879 pp., 60 pls., photographs." type="book chapter" year="2010">Pratt, 2010: 647</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBF5653D9E1AFFD2FD0B75BAFC261401" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A35036B69E1AFFD2FD0B75BAFC261401" blockId="30.[667,1194,416,1391]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">
<materialsCitation id="13873CEB9E1AFFD2FD0B75BAFC261401" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3059738993" collectingDate="1893-04-20" collectionCode="AMNH" county="Waialua District" latitude="21.35" location="Oahu Island" longLatPrecision="758" longitude="-158.08" municipality="Times" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="AMNH 459001" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="7C5488149E1AFFD2FD0B75BAFCCE17FA" box="[696,824,416,440]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E1AFFD2FCE075B8FBE417FA" bold="true" box="[851,1042,418,439]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">
<specimenCode id="F3499ECD9E1AFFD2FCE075B8FBE417FA" box="[851,1042,418,439]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">AMNH 459001</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
, male, collected in the
<collectingCounty id="4A314E3A9E1AFFD2FCED75DAFBC4179B" box="[862,1074,448,470]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Waialua District</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C6DB50719E1AFFD2FBFE75A5FB521798" box="[1101,1188,447,469]" degrees="21.35" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" precision="555" value="21.35">21.35N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C6DB50719E1AFFD2FD2875C7FCF717BE" box="[667,769,477,499]" degrees="158.08" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" precision="555" value="-158.08">158.08W</geoCoordinate>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="4334ACCC9E1AFFD2FCA175C7FCAC17BE" box="[786,858,477,499]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Times</collectingMunicipality>
atlas),
<location id="A630606D9E1AFFD2FC0175C7FBB117BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B4687A09E1AFFD2FF167299FC101322:A630606D9E1AFFD2FC0175C7FBB117BE" box="[946,1095,477,499]" county="Waialua District" latitude="21.35" longLatPrecision="758" longitude="-158.08" municipality="Times" name="Oahu Island" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Hawaii">Oahu Island</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="612BF8549E1AFFD2FBE675C7FB5F17BE" box="[1109,1193,477,499]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
(5
<location id="A630606D9E1AFFD2FD7675E1FC60145C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B4687A09E1AFFD2FF167299FC101322:A630606D9E1AFFD2FD7675E1FC60145C" box="[709,918,507,529]" county="Waialua District" latitude="21.35" longLatPrecision="758" longitude="-158.08" municipality="Times" name="Sandwich Islands" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Hawaii">Sandwich Islands</location>
), on
<date id="D75110769E1AFFD2FC6575E1FB88145D" box="[982,1150,507,529]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" value="1893-04-20">
<collectingDate id="C715E99E9E1AFFD2FC6575E1FB88145D" box="[982,1150,507,529]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" value="1893-04-20">20 April 1893</collectingDate>
</date>
, by
<location id="A630606D9E1AFFD2FD287602FCB51463" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B4687A09E1AFFD2FF167299FC101322:A630606D9E1AFFD2FD287602FCB51463" box="[667,835,536,558]" county="Waialua District" latitude="21.35" longLatPrecision="758" longitude="-158.08" municipality="Times" name="Wolstenholme" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Hawaii">Wolstenholme</location>
and
<location id="A630606D9E1AFFD2FC317602FC221463" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B4687A09E1AFFD2FF167299FC101322:A630606D9E1AFFD2FC317602FC221463" box="[898,980,536,558]" county="Waialua District" latitude="21.35" longLatPrecision="758" longitude="-158.08" municipality="Times" name="Palmer" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Hawaii">Palmer</location>
(no. 2050).
<location id="A630606D9E1AFFD2FBD47603FB5F1463" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B4687A09E1AFFD2FF167299FC101322:A630606D9E1AFFD2FBD47603FB5F1463" box="[1127,1193,537,558]" county="Waialua District" latitude="21.35" longLatPrecision="758" longitude="-158.08" municipality="Times" name="From" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Hawaii">From</location>
the Rothschild Collection.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBF5653D9E1AFFD2FD0B7648FC101322" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A35036B69E1AFFD2FD0B7648FB9315DE" blockId="30.[667,1194,416,1391]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">
COMMENTS: In the original description, Rothschild said that the form was ‘‘named after Henry Palmer’s companion, who shot the only specimen at present known.’’ The date of collection on the label and the one given by
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FD2876F3FC6314B2" author="Hartert, E." box="[667,917,745,767]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" pagination="123 - 178" refId="ref119004" refString="Hartert, E. 1919 a. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the general collection. Novitates Zoologicae 26: 123 - 178." type="journal article" year="1919">Hartert (1919a: 171)</bibRefCitation>
is 24 April, whereas,
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FD28771CFC541556" author="Rothschild, W." box="[667,930,774,796]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" pagination="59 - 83" refId="ref127068" refString="Rothschild, W. 1900. The avifauna of Laysan and the neighbouring islands: with a complete history to date of the birds of the Hawaiian possessions. Part 3. London: R. H. Porter, xx + 127 - 320, (Di) 1 - (Di) 21, pls. 59 - 83." type="journal article" year="1900">Rothschild (1900: 178</bibRefCitation>
, Di 19) said that the single male was shot by Wolstenholme on 20 April. Plate 65, reproduced on the cover of this bulletin, shows front and back views of this single specimen (
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FCE87767FBAE15DE" author="Rothschild, W." box="[859,1112,893,915]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" pagination="59 - 83" refId="ref127068" refString="Rothschild, W. 1900. The avifauna of Laysan and the neighbouring islands: with a complete history to date of the birds of the Hawaiian possessions. Part 3. London: R. H. Porter, xx + 127 - 320, (Di) 1 - (Di) 21, pls. 59 - 83." type="journal article" year="1900">Rothschild, 1900: 178</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A35036B69E1AFFD2FD0B7781FB6A15A1" blockId="30.[667,1194,416,1391]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">
Palmer’s diary (
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FC367781FBAC15FD" author="Rothschild, W." box="[901,1114,923,945]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" pagination="59 - 83" refId="ref127068" refString="Rothschild, W. 1900. The avifauna of Laysan and the neighbouring islands: with a complete history to date of the birds of the Hawaiian possessions. Part 3. London: R. H. Porter, xx + 127 - 320, (Di) 1 - (Di) 21, pls. 59 - 83." type="journal article" year="1900">Rothschild, 1900</bibRefCitation>
: (Di)) indicates that he spent the period from
<date id="D75110769E1AFFD2FB3E77A3FC7215A6" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" value="1893-03-21" valueMax="1893-05-03" valueMin="1893-03-21">
21 March–3 May
<quantity id="64179B539E1AFFD2FCFE77CCFC7215A6" box="[845,900,982,1003]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.80822" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" unit="in" value="1893.0">1893</quantity>
</date>
in the Waialua district.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A35036B69E1AFFD2FD0B77EFFBCF131D" blockId="30.[667,1194,416,1391]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">
Beginning with
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FC3677EFFB521246" author="Rothschild, W." box="[901,1188,1013,1035]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" pagination="59 - 83" refId="ref127068" refString="Rothschild, W. 1900. The avifauna of Laysan and the neighbouring islands: with a complete history to date of the birds of the Hawaiian possessions. Part 3. London: R. H. Porter, xx + 127 - 320, (Di) 1 - (Di) 21, pls. 59 - 83." type="journal article" year="1900">Rothschild (1900: 177)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E1AFFD2FD287008FCCC1264" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1893" box="[667,826,1042,1065]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Loxops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolstenholmei">
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E1AFFD2FD287008FCCC1264" box="[667,826,1042,1065]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">wolstenholmei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E1AFFD2FD4D7035FBB81208" authority="Bloxam, 1827" authorityName="Bloxam" authorityYear="1827" box="[766,1102,1071,1094]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Fringilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E1AFFD2FD4D7035FC6C1208" box="[766,922,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Fringilla rufa</emphasis>
Bloxam, 1827
</taxonomicName>
, but as Olson (1986: 148–149) showed, that name is a junior homonym of
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E1AFFD2FC3A7070FD2212D3" authority="A. Wilson, 1811" authorityName="A. Wilson" authorityYear="1811" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Fringilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E1AFFD2FC3A7070FBD412CD" box="[905,1058,1130,1153]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Fringilla rufa</emphasis>
A. Wilson, 1811
</taxonomicName>
, which is in turn a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="64EF4D359E1AFFD2FBF87093FCBF12F1" authority="Merrem, 1786" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1786" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Fringilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iliaca">
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E1AFFD2FBF87093FB5F12D2" box="[1099,1193,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">F. iliaca</emphasis>
Merrem, 1786
</taxonomicName>
. As such Bloxam’s name is unavailable (ICZN, 1999: 59, Art. 57.2), and Rothschild’s name must be used. Also see
<bibRefCitation id="C77E4B479E1AFFD2FD2870E5FCC21358" author="Olson, S. L." box="[667,820,1279,1301]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref124372" refString="Olson, S. L. 1996. The contribution of the voyage of H. M. S. Blonde (1825) to Hawaiian ornithology. Archives of Natural History 23: 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1996">Olson (1996)</bibRefCitation>
for his discussion of Bloxam’s specimens from the voyage of H.M.S.
<emphasis id="919BEAA49E1AFFD2FBE87106FB5C137E" box="[1115,1194,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">Blonde</emphasis>
and publication of Bloxam’s notes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A35036B69E1AFFD2FD0B7143FC101322" blockId="30.[667,1194,416,1391]" box="[696,998,1369,1391]" pageId="30" pageNumber="30">This subspecies is extinct.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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