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<document id="D4C2A3D7C33AF2BD86A33A56525A6C5E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.176573" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1aa500ac-572c-4049-a554-6cb71b452b9c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="176573" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459835725435" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Afonso-Dias, Isabel, Kalavati, Chaganti, Mackenzie, Ken &amp; Mackenzie, Kevin S." docDate="2007" docId="039887D57C07FFFEFDCCAFCE64C3CFC3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01466p046.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1466" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pseudalataspora lophii Afonso-Dias, Kalavati, Mackenzie &amp; Mackenzie, 2007, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FFA1FFAD7C00FFF4FD5BAC4B6021C830" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Myxosporea (Bivalvulida: Ceratomyxidae: Alatasporidae) from the gall bladders of anglerfishes Lophius spp. (Teleostei: Lophiidae) in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698223591145" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="8FD3256BDF6611780B5581392B2CBFEC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="20A80E1D1435AF4A8FEBF107FB1CB03A">
<mods:title id="036D796801B1251E4C7B7B3EBE11D8E9">Three new species of Myxosporea (Bivalvulida: Ceratomyxidae: Alatasporidae) from the gall bladders of anglerfishes Lophius spp. (Teleostei: Lophiidae) in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="B03E85D959A2BE9B2F9CF845461B3A90">Afonso-Dias, Isabel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6693F9CBA9F5F8502B1596456D4734A5">Kalavati, Chaganti</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="49A78E2E1D95075F39ED155B6119EB1B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0E9ADFADDB69D4EEC4B2238A9E849CE1">
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<mods:namePart id="8364C07760FE67E3CA329C927F10E4AA">Mackenzie, Ken</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="216F32D45407505B4909C13FB042D8C3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="413BCD7AB6CEB58EB62F3B74525D91F2">
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<mods:namePart id="30721B9475299DA4EBD3427C4A713142">Mackenzie, Kevin S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="DEA897AD17E58E30486456BFD970EBF1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A3AC540D56BF6B6754E09CFD20A58B47">
<mods:date id="C93120BEC5EB825A2D8F503C82BB468B">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D4845E9DE1FADB94927BB5252DAA8E4A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F572916F259275107CD987FAB5A7FBE0">1466</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3719CC00D264B05D1AA7CE1E39D0119D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9104080CA0267A44D5D39B33E8D0AA20" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.176573</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B824DF790FB2C550A0BE410387372ADC" type="GBIF-Dataset">1aa500ac-572c-4049-a554-6cb71b452b9c</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ABB374D74245E4643F267AA7F0B08014" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5A19984B145415623CBD74DF704E63DE" type="Zenodo-Dep">176573</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039887D57C07FFFEFDCCAFCE64C3CFC3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5625784" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119358843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5625784" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887D57C07FFFEFDCCAFCE64C3CFC3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887D57C07FFFEFDCCAFCE64C3CFC3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<subSubSection id="C32B65487C07FFF3FDCCAFCE629FCBAF" box="[151,702,901,927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C07FFF3FDCCAFCE629FCBAF" blockId="7.[151,878,831,927]" box="[151,702,901,927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="D0C681AF7C07FFF3FDCCAFCE629FCBAF" bold="true" box="[151,702,901,927]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C07FFF3FDCCAFCE629FCBAF" bold="true" box="[151,702,901,927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C07FFF3FDCCAFCE618DCBAF" box="[151,428,901,927]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="lophii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C07FFF3FDCCAFCE618DCBAF" bold="true" box="[151,428,901,927]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Pseudalataspora lophii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657AA7C07FFF3FCE8AFCE61D7CBAF" box="[435,502,901,927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="130A2A467C07FFF3FF5FAFCE6297CBAF" box="[516,694,901,927]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[208,1351,210,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[201,1385,176,1803]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Pseudalataspora lophii n. sp. 10. Young trophozoite with non-bifurcated tip, unstained fixed specimen. 11. Trophozoite with developing spores and bifurcated tip, unstained fixed specimen. 12. Spore, sutural view, stained with Giemsa. 13. Spore, sutural view, unstained fixed specimen. 14. Spore, polar view, stained with Giemsa. Scale-bars: 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176576/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Figures 10–15</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B65487C07FFF3FDCCAF9B6234CC22" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C07FFF3FDCCAF9B6178CBD9" blockId="7.[151,1436,976,1482]" box="[151,345,976,1001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C07FFF3FDCCAF9B6178CBD9" box="[151,345,976,1001]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Material studied</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C07FFF3FD9DAFB36234CC22" blockId="7.[151,1436,976,1482]" box="[198,533,1016,1042]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C07FFF3FD9DAFB360DCCC21" box="[198,253,1016,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Host</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C07FFF3FC56AFB36234CC22" authority="L." authorityName="L." box="[269,533,1016,1042]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piscatorius">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C07FFF3FC56AFB361D4CC21" box="[269,501,1016,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Lophius piscatorius</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B65487C07FFFDFD9DA86B6468CA72" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C07FFF3FD9DA86B6238CC0A" blockId="7.[151,1436,976,1482]" box="[198,537,1056,1082]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C07FFF3FD9DA86B615FCC09" box="[198,382,1056,1081]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Site of infection</emphasis>
: gall bladder
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C07FFF3FD9DA8036330CD32" blockId="7.[151,1436,976,1482]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C07FFF3FD9DA80361CACC51" box="[198,491,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Locality, date and depth</emphasis>
: (1) 58°51ˏN, 07°35ˏW (NW of Outer
<collectingCountry id="F32676537C07FFF3FE96A803641ACC52" box="[973,1083,1096,1122]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Hebrides</collectingCountry>
),
<date id="FF8F10037C07FFF3F909A80364EBCC52" box="[1106,1226,1096,1122]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" value="1930-03">30 March</date>
,
<quantity id="4CC99B267C07FFF3F983A803654ACC52" box="[1240,1387,1096,1122]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.00025" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="2000250.0">2000, 250m</quantity>
; (2) 58°45ˏN, 07°49ˏW (NW of Outer
<collectingCountry id="F32676537C07FFF3FF6FA83B6283CCBA" box="[564,674,1136,1162]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Hebrides</collectingCountry>
),
<date id="FF8F10037C07FFF3FFE2A83B630ECCBA" box="[697,815,1136,1162]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" value="1930-03">30 March</date>
,
<quantity id="4CC99B267C07FFF3FE66A83B63EECCBA" box="[829,975,1136,1162]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0004" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="2000400.0">2000, 400m</quantity>
; (3) 58°29ˏN, 08°54ˏW (NW of Outer
<collectingCountry id="F32676537C07FFF3FDCCA8D36127CC82" box="[151,262,1176,1202]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Hebrides</collectingCountry>
),
<date id="FF8F10037C07FFF3FC41A8D361AECC82" box="[282,399,1176,1202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" value="1930-03">30 March</date>
,
<quantity id="4CC99B267C07FFF3FCC6A8D3620FCC82" box="[413,558,1176,1202]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.00047" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="2000470.0">2000, 470m</quantity>
; (4) 58°45ˏN, 08°03ˏW (NW of Outer
<collectingCountry id="F32676537C07FFF3F95BA8D3644FCC82" box="[1024,1134,1176,1202]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Hebrides</collectingCountry>
),
<date id="FF8F10037C07FFF3F9DFA8D364DBCC82" box="[1156,1274,1176,1202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" value="1930-03">30 March</date>
,
<quantity id="4CC99B267C07FFF3F85DA8D365B6CC82" box="[1286,1431,1176,1202]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0006999999999997" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="2000700.0">2000, 700m</quantity>
; (5) 57°20ˏN, 05°50ˏW (Off Skye, Inner
<collectingCountry id="F32676537C07FFF3FF29A88B62C1CCEA" box="[626,736,1216,1242]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Hebrides</collectingCountry>
),
<date id="FF8F10037C07FFF3FFAFA88B63A6CCEA" box="[756,903,1216,1242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" value="2004-03">March 2004</date>
, depth unknown; (6) 57°20ˏN, 05°50ˏW (Off Skye, Inner
<collectingCountry id="F32676537C07FFF3FC7EA8A361B2CD32" box="[293,403,1256,1282]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Hebrides</collectingCountry>
), August, 2004, depth unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C07FFF3FD9DA95B652DCD1A" blockId="7.[151,1436,976,1482]" box="[198,1292,1296,1322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C07FFF3FD9DA95B6168CD19" box="[198,329,1296,1321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Prevalence</emphasis>
: (1) 3 of 16 (19%); (2) 14 of 26 (54%); (3) 1 of 1; (4) 1 of 1; (5) 1 of 2; (6) 1 of 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C07FFF3FD9DA97361A3CD49" blockId="7.[151,1436,976,1482]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C07FFF3FD9DA9736181CD61" box="[198,416,1336,1361]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Double infections:</emphasis>
two host individuals, one each from positions (1) and (2), had double infections of
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C07FFF3F8DDA97360FACD49" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="lophii">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C07FFF3F8DDA97360FACD49" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">P. lophii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C07FFF3FC4FA92B61A3CD49" box="[276,386,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C07FFF3FC4FA92B615FCD49" box="[276,382,1376,1401]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="lophii">C. lophii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C07FFF3FD9DA9C36475CD92" blockId="7.[151,1436,976,1482]" box="[198,1108,1416,1442]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C07FFF3FD9DA9C361B8CD91" box="[198,409,1416,1441]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Host length range</emphasis>
: (1)
<quantity id="4CC99B267C07FFF3FC88A9C36266CD92" box="[467,583,1416,1442]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.4" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" unit="cm" value="52.5" valueMax="64.0" valueMin="41.0">41–64 cm</quantity>
; (2)
<quantity id="4CC99B267C07FFF3FF26A9C362D2CD92" box="[637,755,1416,1442]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" unit="cm" value="55.5" valueMax="66.0" valueMin="45.0">45–66 cm</quantity>
; (3) and (4) lengths unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C07FFF3FD9DA9FB6217CDFA" blockId="7.[151,1436,976,1482]" box="[198,566,1456,1482]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C07FFF3FD9DA9FB6180CDF9" box="[198,417,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Collection number</emphasis>
: 2005:7:1:3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C07FFF3FDCCAA4B6103CE29" blockId="7.[151,1436,1536,1682]" box="[151,290,1536,1561]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C07FFF3FDCCAA4B6103CE29" box="[151,290,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C07FFF3FD9DAA636473CEA2" blockId="7.[151,1436,1536,1682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
Trophozoite (
<figureCitation id="130A2A467C07FFF3FC3EAA636230CE72" box="[357,529,1576,1602]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[208,1351,210,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[201,1385,176,1803]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Pseudalataspora lophii n. sp. 10. Young trophozoite with non-bifurcated tip, unstained fixed specimen. 11. Trophozoite with developing spores and bifurcated tip, unstained fixed specimen. 12. Spore, sutural view, stained with Giemsa. 13. Spore, sutural view, unstained fixed specimen. 14. Spore, polar view, stained with Giemsa. Scale-bars: 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176576/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Figures 10, 11</figureCitation>
) disporous, ovoid with a single lobopodium sometimes bifurcating at its tip, which is attached to the wall of the gall bladder. Ectoplasm dense and clearly demarcated. Endoplasm fine, lightly staining. Dimensions, based on 8 fixed specimens: 25.6–35.2 x 14.4–32.0.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4E664B7C08FFFCFDCCAB5A617CCFBF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[208,1351,210,1724]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C08FFFCFDCCAB5A617CCFBF" blockId="8.[151,1437,1809,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C08FFFCFDCCAB5A617ECF19" bold="true" box="[151,351,1809,1833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">FIGURES 10–15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C08FFFCFC3CAB5A6243CF18" box="[359,610,1809,1832]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="lophii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C08FFFCFC3CAB5A6243CF18" box="[359,610,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Pseudalataspora lophii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657AA7C08FFFCFF30AB5A6284CF18" box="[619,677,1809,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
10. Young trophozoite with non-bifurcated tip, unstained fixed specimen. 11. Trophozoite with developing spores and bifurcated tip, unstained fixed specimen. 12. Spore, sutural view, stained with Giemsa. 13. Spore, sutural view, unstained fixed specimen. 14. Spore, polar view, stained with Giemsa.
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C08FFFCFDCCAB326133CFA0" box="[151,274,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Scale-bars:</emphasis>
10μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C09FFFDFD9DACD36468CA72" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,578]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
Spore (
<figureCitation id="130A2A467C09FFFDFC40ACD36200C882" box="[283,545,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[208,1351,210,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[201,1385,176,1803]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Pseudalataspora lophii n. sp. 10. Young trophozoite with non-bifurcated tip, unstained fixed specimen. 11. Trophozoite with developing spores and bifurcated tip, unstained fixed specimen. 12. Spore, sutural view, stained with Giemsa. 13. Spore, sutural view, unstained fixed specimen. 14. Spore, polar view, stained with Giemsa. Scale-bars: 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176576/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Figures 12, 13, 14, 15</figureCitation>
,) triangular or rhomboidal with pointed tips in sutural view, flat and curved in valvular view. Sutural line prominent and raised (this feature can be seen in
<figureCitation id="130A2A467C09FFFDF91EAC8B649BC8EA" box="[1093,1210,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[208,1351,210,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[201,1385,176,1803]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Pseudalataspora lophii n. sp. 10. Young trophozoite with non-bifurcated tip, unstained fixed specimen. 11. Trophozoite with developing spores and bifurcated tip, unstained fixed specimen. 12. Spore, sutural view, stained with Giemsa. 13. Spore, sutural view, unstained fixed specimen. 14. Spore, polar view, stained with Giemsa. Scale-bars: 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176576/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Figure 14</figureCitation>
, but is obscured in
<figureCitation id="130A2A467C09FFFDFDCCACA36148C932" box="[151,361,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[208,1351,210,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[201,1385,176,1803]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Pseudalataspora lophii n. sp. 10. Young trophozoite with non-bifurcated tip, unstained fixed specimen. 11. Trophozoite with developing spores and bifurcated tip, unstained fixed specimen. 12. Spore, sutural view, stained with Giemsa. 13. Spore, sutural view, unstained fixed specimen. 14. Spore, polar view, stained with Giemsa. Scale-bars: 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176576/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Figures 12 and 13</figureCitation>
by the enveloping alate processes). Sporoplasm binucleate. Valve shells drawn out into two delicate broad alate processes that join together at their proximal extremities forming a parachute-like structure over the valves. The valves are often observed folded over with the alate processes covering them (
<figureCitation id="130A2A467C09FFFDF815AD736096C94A" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[208,1351,210,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[201,1385,176,1803]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Pseudalataspora lophii n. sp. 10. Young trophozoite with non-bifurcated tip, unstained fixed specimen. 11. Trophozoite with developing spores and bifurcated tip, unstained fixed specimen. 12. Spore, sutural view, stained with Giemsa. 13. Spore, sutural view, unstained fixed specimen. 14. Spore, polar view, stained with Giemsa. Scale-bars: 10 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176576/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Figure 13</figureCitation>
). Polar capsules oval, terminal, in close proximity to one another and overlapping in sutural view. Polar filament wide, flat, deeply staining and with only 1.5–2 coils. Dimensions, based on 30 fixed spores, as ranges with means ± SD in parentheses: spore length 7.2–10.0 (9.8 ± 1.6); spore width, including alate processes 21.6–28.8 (25.9 ± 2.8); spore width, excluding alate processes 16.8–22.6 (18.2 ± 1.2); spore thickness 15.2 – 20.8 (17.5 ± 1.01); polar capsule length: 3.8–5.4 (4.3 ± 0.7); polar capsule width: 3.0–4.0 (3.6 ± 0.2); polar capsule length: spore length = 1: 2.0–3.2; spore length: spore width = 1: 3.2–4.3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4E664B7C09FFFDFDCCA8206549CCB2" box="[151,1384,1130,1155]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176577/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[542,1044,621,1121]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C09FFFDFDCCA8206549CCB2" blockId="9.[151,1384,1130,1155]" box="[151,1384,1130,1155]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C09FFFDFDCCA8206107CCB3" bold="true" box="[151,294,1131,1155]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C09FFFDFC76A8276207CCB3" box="[301,550,1132,1155]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="lophii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C09FFFDFC76A8276207CCB3" box="[301,550,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Pseudalataspora lophii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657AA7C09FFFDFF76A8276247CCB3" box="[557,614,1132,1155]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Micrograph of sutural view of fresh spore, unstained.
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C09FFFDF9F0A827653DCCB3" box="[1195,1308,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Scale-bar:</emphasis>
10μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32B65487C09FFFEFDCCA89464C3CFC3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C09FFFDFDCCA8946139CCC8" blockId="9.[151,1436,1247,1873]" box="[151,280,1247,1272]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C09FFFDFDCCA8946139CCC8" box="[151,280,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C09FFFDFD9DA94C64D4CDA8" blockId="9.[151,1436,1247,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C09FFFDFD9DA94C61F9CD10" box="[198,472,1287,1312]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="lophii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C09FFFDFD9DA94C61F9CD10" box="[198,472,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Pseudalataspora lophii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657AA7C09FFFDFC84A94C623CCD11" box="[479,541,1287,1313]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from the other 11 species of
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C09FFFDFE9AA94C64A9CD10" box="[961,1160,1287,1312]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C09FFFDFE9AA94C64A9CD10" box="[961,1160,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Pseudalataspora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described to date in the dimensions of the spore (
<tableCitation id="C6B303787C09FFFDFC9DA9646200CD79" box="[454,545,1327,1353]" captionStart="TABLE 3. A" captionStartId="10.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,266,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 3. A comparison of the spore dimensions of Pseudalataspora lophii with those of the other species in the genus. Measurements are in micrometres. ND = no data." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4E664B7C0AFFFEFDCCACDC6287C8E1" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" tableUuid="DF4E664B7C0AFFFEFDCCACDC6287C8E1">Table 3</tableCitation>
) and in having alate processes that cover the spore body. The numbers of coils of the polar filament are not given in the descriptions of most of these species, but the figures indicate that none has less than three, as compared with a maximum of only two coils for
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C09FFFDF915A934648ECDA8" box="[1102,1199,1407,1432]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="lophii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C09FFFDF915A934648ECDA8" box="[1102,1199,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">P. lophii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657AA7C09FFFDF9EDA93464D4CDA8" box="[1206,1269,1407,1433]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C09FFFDFD9DA9EC6435CF31" blockId="9.[151,1436,1247,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
The function of the parachute-like alate processes that cover the spore of
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C09FFFDF974A9EC64B0CDF0" box="[1071,1169,1447,1472]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="lophii">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C09FFFDF974A9EC64B0CDF0" box="[1071,1169,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">P. lophii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would appear to be to facilitate the distribution of the spore after release from the host.
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C09FFFDFEE6A984643ACDD8" box="[957,1051,1487,1512]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C09FFFDFEE6A984643ACDD8" box="[957,1051,1487,1512]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Lophius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. are ambush predators that immerse themselves in the substrate with a shuffling motion (Laurensen
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C09FFFDFEA3A9BC6415CE20" box="[1016,1076,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
, 2004). This behaviour would tend to throw myxosporean spores up and away from the infected host and the alate processes would then assist in their further dispersal. Whether this might result in direct infection of other anglerfishes or of an invertebrate alternative host is unknown. Only one marine myxosporean life cycle has so far been shown to require an invertebrate host (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B327C09FFFDFCBCAADC6290CE81" author="Koie" box="[487,689,1687,1713]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" refString="Koie, M., Whipps, C. M. &amp; Kent, M. L. (2004) Ellipsomyxa gobii (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae) in the common goby Pomatoschistus microps (Teleostei: Gobiidae) uses Nereis spp. (Annelida: Polychaeta) as invertebrate hosts. Folia Parasitologica, 51, 14 - 18." type="journal article" year="2004">
Køie
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C09FFFDFF72AADC6242CE80" box="[553,611,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
, 2004
</bibRefCitation>
), although actinosporean stages have been found in several species of marine polychaetes and oligochaetes. On the other hand, there is also evidence of direct fish-to-fish transmission of marine myxosporeans (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B327C09FFFDFF38AAAC6337CF31" author="Diamant" box="[611,790,1767,1793]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" refString="Diamant, A. (1997) Fish to fish transmssion of a marine myxsporean. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 30, 99 - 105." type="journal article" year="1997">Diamant, 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B327C09FFFDFE79AAAC6429CF31" author="Yasuda" box="[802,1032,1767,1793]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" refString="Yasuda, H., Ooyama, T., Iwata, K., Tun, T., Yokoyama, H. &amp; Ogawa, K. (2002) Fish-to-fish transmission of Myxidium spp. (Myxozoa) in cultured tiger puffer suffering from emaciation disease. Fish Pathology, 37, 29 - 34." type="journal article" year="2002">
Yasuda
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C09FFFDFE24AAAC63E0CF30" box="[895,961,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">et al.,</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C09FFFDFD9DAB4464FACF61" blockId="9.[151,1436,1247,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="F32676537C09FFFDFD9DAB4460C6CF19" box="[198,231,1807,1833]" name="American Samoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">As</collectingCountry>
with the genus
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C09FFFDFCFBAB4462D9CF18" box="[416,760,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C09FFFDFCFBAB446204CF18" box="[416,549,1807,1832]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Alataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="genus">Alataspora</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C09FFFDFF6AAB4462D9CF18" box="[561,760,1807,1832]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="genus">Pseudalataspora</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has been referred to erroneously in the literature as
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C09FFFDF802AB446104CF60" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatosporidae" genus="Pseudalatospora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C09FFFDF802AB446104CF60" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Pseudalatospora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C09FFFDFC17AB7C6200CF60" box="[332,545,1847,1872]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudoalatospora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C09FFFDFC17AB7C6200CF60" box="[332,545,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Pseudoalatospora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the latter being the misspelling by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B327C09FFFDFE9FAB7C64F6CF61" author="Lom" box="[964,1239,1847,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="46" refString="Lom, J. &amp; Dykova, I. (1992) Protozoan parasites of fishes. Developments in aquaculture and fisheries science, 26. Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, 315 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lom &amp; Dykova (1992)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4E664B7C0AFFFEFDCCACDC6287C8E1" ID-Table-UUID="DF4E664B7C0AFFFEFDCCACDC6287C8E1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4E664B7C0AFFFEFDCCACDC6287C8E1" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[151,1432,266,1600]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C0AFFFEFDCCACDC6287C8E1" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,209]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFDCCACDC6129C89F" bold="true" box="[151,264,151,175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
A comparison of the spore dimensions of
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFF97ACD363E7C89F" box="[716,966,152,175]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="lophii">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFF97ACD363E7C89F" box="[716,966,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Pseudalataspora lophii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with those of the other species in the genus. Measurements are in micrometres. ND = no data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C0AFFFEFDC4AD4161A6CE70" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<table id="F931C4637C0A000BFDCCAD4165B9CE70" box="[151,1432,266,1600]" gridcols="5" gridrows="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<tr id="350134817C0A000BFDCCAD4165B9C9AF" box="[151,1432,266,415]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFDCCAD41619DC9AF" box="[151,444,266,415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
Species of
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFC53AD4160CFC944" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFC53AD41618AC92F" box="[264,427,266,287]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="genus">Pseudalataspora</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFDC4AD1460CFC944" box="[159,238,351,372]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="lophii" status="sp. nov.">P. lophii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27657AA7C0AFFFEFDAFAD146109C944" box="[244,296,351,372]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFDC4ADC16191C9AF" authority="Kovaleva, Velev" authorityName="Kovaleva, Velev" box="[159,432,394,415]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFDC4ADC1612AC9AF" box="[159,267,394,415]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. atlantica</emphasis>
Kovaleva, Velev
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFC8AAD416291C9AF" box="[465,688,266,415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Spore Length Thickness 7.2–10.0 21.6–28.8 6.7–10.0 34.6–42.5</th>
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFF9DAD416351C9AF" box="[710,880,266,415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Polar capsule Length Width 3.8–5.4 3.0–4.0 3.3–4.0 3.3–4.0</th>
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFED2AD4164BCC9AF" box="[905,1181,266,415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
Host
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFED2AD1464A2C9AF" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFED2AD146466C944" box="[905,1095,351,372]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piscatorius">Lophius piscatorius</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFED2ADC164A2C9AF" box="[905,1155,394,415]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Chlorophthalmidae" genus="Chlorophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agassizi">Chlorophthalmus agassizi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
</th>
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BF9F4AD4165B9C9AF" box="[1199,1432,266,415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Locality Off Northwest Scotland Atlantic Ocean off</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350134817C0A000BFDCCADF765B9C9E1" box="[151,1432,444,465]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFDCCADF7619DC9E1" box="[151,444,444,465]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">&amp; Vladev, 1993</th>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFED2ADF764BCC9E1" box="[905,1181,444,465]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFED2ADF76422C9E1" box="[905,1027,444,465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Chlorophthalmidae" genus="Chlorophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulopiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFED2ADF76422C9E1" box="[905,1027,444,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">C. atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEF94EADF764B9C9E1" box="[1045,1176,444,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEF94EADF7647CC9E1" box="[1045,1117,444,465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Caranx</taxonomicName>
rhon-
</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BF9F4ADF765B9C9E1" box="[1199,1432,444,465]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Africa</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350134817C0A000BFDCCADA465B9CA1F" box="[151,1432,495,559]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFDCCADA4619DCA1F" box="[151,444,495,559]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFDC4AE516175CA1E" authority="Kovaleva" authorityName="Kovaleva" box="[159,340,537,559]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="beryxi">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFDC4AE5160D3CA1F" box="[159,242,538,559]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. beryxi</emphasis>
Kovaleva
</taxonomicName>
&amp; Gae-
</th>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFC8AADA46291CA1F" box="[465,688,495,559]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">5.3–6.65 14.6–19.95</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFF9DADA46351CA1F" box="[710,880,495,559]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">1.5 1.5</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFED2ADA464BCCA1F" box="[905,1181,495,559]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFED2ADA46394CA34" box="[905,949,495,516]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">chus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFE9AADA46404CA1F" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFE9AADA463E0CA1F" authority="Beryx" authorityName="Beryx" class="Actinopterygii" family="Fistulariidae" genus="Fistularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tabacaria">Fistularia tabacaria Beryx</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFE9CAE516404CA1F" box="[967,1061,538,559]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="splendens">splendens</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BF9F4ADA465B9CA1F" box="[1199,1432,495,559]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Atlantic Ocean</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350134817C0A000BFDCCAE0765B9CABC" box="[151,1432,588,652]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFDCCAE07619DCABC" box="[151,444,588,652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
vskaya, 1988
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFDC4AE3C6191CABC" authority="Kovaleva, Velev" authorityName="Kovaleva, Velev" box="[159,432,631,652]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="indecora">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFDC4AE3C612ACABC" box="[159,267,631,652]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. indecora</emphasis>
Kovaleva, Velev
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFC8AAE076291CABC" box="[465,688,588,652]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">3.3–4.7 13.4–20.0</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFF9DAE076351CABC" box="[710,880,588,652]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">2.0 2.0</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFED2AE0764BCCABC" box="[905,1181,588,652]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFED2AE3C6418CABC" box="[905,1081,631,652]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Dentex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angolensis">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFED2AE3C6418CABC" box="[905,1081,631,652]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Dentex angolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BF9F4AE0765B9CABC" box="[1199,1432,588,652]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Atlantic Ocean off</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350134817C0A000BFDCCAEE265B9CAD9" box="[151,1432,681,745]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFDCCAEE2619DCAD9" box="[151,444,681,745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
&amp; Vladev, 1993
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFDC4AE9F6183CAD9" authority="Kovaleva, Velev" authorityName="Kovaleva, Velev" box="[159,418,724,745]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="insolita">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFDC4AE9F60DFCAD9" box="[159,254,724,745]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. insolita</emphasis>
Kovaleva, Velev
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
</th>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFC8AAEE26291CAD9" box="[465,688,681,745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">5.3–6.0 14.6–17.3</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFF9DAEE26351CAD9" box="[710,880,681,745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">2.0 2.0</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFED2AEE264BCCAD9" box="[905,1181,681,745]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFED2AE9F6411CAD9" box="[905,1072,724,745]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhonchus">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFED2AE9F6411CAD9" box="[905,1072,724,745]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Caranx rhonchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BF9F4AEE265B9CAD9" box="[1199,1432,681,745]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Africa Atlantic Ocean off</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350134817C0A000BFDCCAF4D65B9CB76" box="[151,1432,774,838]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFDCCAF4D619DCB76" box="[151,444,774,838]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
Vladev, 1993
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFDC4AF7A61B2CB75" authority="Kovaleva" authorityName="Kovaleva" box="[159,403,816,838]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFDC4AF7A610ECB76" box="[159,303,817,838]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. meridionalis</emphasis>
Kovaleva
</taxonomicName>
,
</th>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFC8AAF4D6291CB76" box="[465,688,774,838]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">6.7–9.5 16–20</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFF9DAF4D6351CB76" box="[710,880,774,838]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">2.5–2.7 2.5–2.7</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFED2AF4D64BCCB76" box="[905,1181,774,838]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFED2AF7A640ECB76" box="[905,1071,817,838]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nototheniidae" genus="Notothenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossii">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFED2AF7A640ECB76" box="[905,1071,817,838]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Notothenia rossii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BF9F4AF4D65B9CB76" box="[1199,1432,774,838]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Africa Antarctic Ocean</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350134817C0A000BFDCCAF2865B9CB93" box="[151,1432,867,931]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFDCCAF28619DCB93" box="[151,444,867,931]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
Rodjuk &amp; Grudnev, 2002
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFDC4AFC561BDCB93" authority="Aseeva, 2003" authorityName="Aseeva" authorityYear="2003" box="[159,412,910,931]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="originalis">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFDC4AFC56132CB93" box="[159,275,910,931]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. originalis</emphasis>
Aseeva, 2003
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFC8AAF286291CB93" box="[465,688,867,931]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">10–12 27–36</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFF9DAF286351CB93" box="[710,880,867,931]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">3.5–4.0 2.8–3.0</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFED2AF2864BCCB93" box="[905,1181,867,931]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFED2AFC56454CB93" box="[905,1141,910,931]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFED2AFC56450CB93" box="[905,1137,910,931]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pleuronectidae" genus="Hippoglossoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dubius">Hippoglossoides dubius</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BF9F4AF2865B9CB93" box="[1199,1432,867,931]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Sea of Japan</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350134817C0A000BFDCCAF8B65B9CC30" box="[151,1432,960,1024]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFDCCAF8B619DCC30" box="[151,444,960,1024]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFDC4AFA06191CC30" authority="Kovaleva, Donets" authorityName="Kovaleva, Donets" box="[159,432,1003,1024]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="pontica">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFDC4AFA060DFCC30" box="[159,254,1003,1024]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. pontica</emphasis>
Kovaleva, Donets
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFC8AAF8B6291CC30" box="[465,688,960,1024]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">5.5–6.5 16.0–19.9</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFF9DAF8B6351CC30" box="[710,880,960,1024]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">3.0 2.7</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFED2AF8B64BCCC30" box="[905,1181,960,1024]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFED2AF8B63D9CC30" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFED2AF8B6393CC30" authority="Liza" authorityName="Liza" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pleuronectidae" genus="Glyptocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stelleri">Glyptocephalus stelleri Liza</taxonomicName>
aurata
</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BF9F4AF8B65B9CC30" box="[1199,1432,960,1024]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Black Sea</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350134817C0A000BFDCCA85665B9CC6D" box="[151,1432,1053,1117]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFDCCA856619DCC6D" box="[151,444,1053,1117]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
&amp; Kolesnikova, 1989
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFDC4A8036120CC6D" box="[159,257,1096,1117]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. s c o m b r i</emphasis>
Kovaleva &amp; Gae-
</th>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFC8AA8566291CC6D" box="[465,688,1053,1117]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">4.65–5.98 7.92–10.64</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFF9DA8566351CC6D" box="[710,880,1053,1117]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">1.3–1.5 1.3–1.5</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFED2A85664BCCC6D" box="[905,1181,1053,1117]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFED2A8036461CC6D" box="[905,1088,1096,1117]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Scomber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFED2A8036461CC6D" box="[905,1088,1096,1117]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Scomber japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BF9F4A85665B9CC6D" box="[1199,1432,1053,1117]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Southeast Pacific Ocean</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350134817C0A000BFDCCA83165B9CC8A" box="[151,1432,1146,1210]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFDCCA831619DCC8A" box="[151,444,1146,1210]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
vskaya, 1983
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFDC4A8EE6199CC8A" authority="Bakay &amp; Grudnev" authorityName="Bakay &amp; Grudnev" box="[159,440,1189,1210]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="sebastei">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFDC4A8EE6122CC8A" box="[159,259,1189,1210]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. sebastei</emphasis>
Bakay &amp; Grudnev
</taxonomicName>
,
</th>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFC8AA8316291CC8A" box="[465,688,1146,1210]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">13.3 22.64</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFF9DA8316351CC8A" box="[710,880,1146,1210]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">4.65 4.65</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFED2A83164BCCC8A" box="[905,1181,1146,1210]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFED2A8EE64A5CC8A" box="[905,1156,1189,1210]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFED2A8EE6412CC8A" box="[905,1075,1189,1210]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sebastidae" genus="Sebastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marinus">Sebastes marinus</taxonomicName>
, S. men-
</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BF9F4A83165B9CC8A" box="[1199,1432,1146,1210]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">North Atlantic</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350134817C0A000BFDCCA89C65B9CCDD" box="[151,1432,1239,1261]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFDCCA89C619DCCDD" box="[151,444,1239,1261]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">1998</th>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFED2A89C64BCCCDD" box="[905,1181,1239,1261]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFED2A893608FCD79" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
tella,
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFE9BA8936411CCDD" box="[960,1072,1240,1261]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sebastidae" genus="Sebastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">S. fasciatus</taxonomicName>
, S.
<tr id="350134817C0A000BFDCCA94165B9CD79" box="[151,1432,1290,1353]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFDCCA941619DCD79" box="[151,444,1290,1353]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEF90AA893608FCD79" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">vivipaP</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFDEDA97F610DCD79" authority="Kovaleva" authorityName="Kovaleva" box="[182,300,1332,1353]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="squamifrons">squamifrons</taxonomicName>
Kovaleva,
</th>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFC8AA9416291CD79" box="[465,688,1290,1353]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">5.3–6.7 19.9–21.3</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFF9DA9416351CD79" box="[710,880,1290,1353]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">2–2.3 1.3</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFED2A94164BCCD79" box="[905,1181,1290,1353]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFED2A94164BACD79" box="[905,1179,1290,1353]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">rus Lepidonotothen squamifrons</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BF9F4A94165B9CD79" box="[1199,1432,1290,1353]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Antarctic Ocean</td>
</tr>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350134817C0A000BFDCCA92C65B9CD97" box="[151,1432,1383,1447]" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFDCCA92C619DCD97" box="[151,444,1383,1447]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
Rodjuk &amp; Grudnev, 2002
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFDC4A9D96177CD97" box="[159,342,1426,1447]" class="Myxosporea" family="Alatasporidae" genus="Pseudalataspora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bivalvulida" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="umbraculiformis">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFDC4A9D96177CD97" box="[159,342,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">P. umbraculiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gae-
</th>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFC8AA92C6291CD97" box="[465,688,1383,1447]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">8.0–9.3 14.6–17.3</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFF9DA92C6351CD97" box="[710,880,1383,1447]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">2.7 2.7</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFED2A92C64BCCD97" box="[905,1181,1383,1447]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFED2A9D964BCCD97" box="[905,1181,1426,1447]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lotidae" genus="Gaidropsarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mediterraneus">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFED2A9D964BCCD97" box="[905,1181,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Gaidropsarus mediterraneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76D05DFD7C0A000BF9F4A92C65B9CD97" box="[1199,1432,1383,1447]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">Celtic Sea</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350134817C0A000BFDCCA98F65B9CDE9" box="[151,1432,1476,1497]" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFDCCA98F619DCDE9" box="[151,444,1476,1497]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">vskaya &amp; Kovaleva, 1984</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350134817C0A000BFDCCAA6D65B9CE70" box="[151,1432,1574,1600]" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76D05DFD7C0A000BFDCCAA6D619DCE70" box="[151,444,1574,1600]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">General Discussion</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E36C37C0AFFFEFDCCAA3A64C3CFC3" blockId="10.[151,1436,1649,2035]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
Three species of myxosporean are now known to infect the gall bladders of
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEF942AA3A649ACEBA" box="[1049,1211,1649,1674]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piscatorius">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEF942AA3A649ACEBA" box="[1049,1211,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">L. piscatorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while two species are known to infect the gall bladders of
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFF31AAD2632DCE82" box="[618,780,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEFF31AAD26329CE82" box="[618,776,1689,1714]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="budegassa">L. budegassa</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Evidence from the literature and from the present study suggest that these parasites have different endemic areas, which makes them potentially useful candidates as biological tags in population studies of their fish hosts. Recent genetic studies have suggested that stocks of
<taxonomicName id="4C314D407C0AFFFEF8DFAAA2613BCF1A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piscatorius">
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEF8DFAAA2613BCF1A" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">L. piscatorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the northern part of its distribution are part of a single more or less panmictic reproductive population (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B327C0AFFFEFDA3AB72622DCF63" author="O'Sullivan" box="[248,524,1849,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" refString="O'Sullivan, M., Wright, P. J., Verspoor, E., Knox, D. &amp; Piertney, S. (2006) Absence of spatial and temporal genetic differentiation at microsatellite loci in north east Atlantic anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius). Journal of Fish Biology, 69 (Suppl. C), 261 (Abstract)." type="journal article" year="2006">
O’Sullivan
<emphasis id="B945EAD17C0AFFFEFCD9AB7261E4CF62" box="[386,453,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="45">et al.,</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
). Parasites, however, can often be used to identify subpopulations of fish distinguished by certain behavioural differences, but which genetic studies may not pick up because there is still a considerable amount of gene flow between them (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B327C0AFFFEFFA0ABC26443CF93" author="MacKenzie" box="[763,1122,1929,1955]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" refString="MacKenzie, K. &amp; Abaunza, P. (2005) Parasites as biological tags. In: Cadrin, S. X., Friedland, K. D. &amp; Waldman, J. R. (Ed.), Stock Identification Methods. Applications in Fisheries Science. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 211 - 216." type="book chapter" year="2005">MacKenzie &amp; Abaunza, 2005</bibRefCitation>
). In future studies we plan to examine more anglerfish samples from different parts of their geographical distribution to test if their myxosporean gall bladder parasites can be used to reveal finer details of host population structure.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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