173 lines
14 KiB
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173 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714044" ID-GBIF-Dataset="df4b6a3c-ae64-4bcf-a990-77fc6599759c" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714044" checkinTime="1633643323770" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="038F87D4CA53FFBBCFAE3020FDBEF7B1" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Mustelidae_0564.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Meles anakuma Temminck 1844" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="623" masterDocId="FFB6FFACCA50FFBFCA653C08FF86FF9C" masterDocTitle="Mustelidae" masterLastPageNumber="656" masterPageNumber="564" pageNumber="622" updateTime="1658240032535" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Mustelidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2009</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>564</mods:start>
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<mods:end>656</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714044</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">df4b6a3c-ae64-4bcf-a990-77fc6599759c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5714044</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714055" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190302345" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714055" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87D4CA53FFBBCFAE3020FDBEF7B1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F87D4CA53FFBBCFAE3020FDBEF7B1" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="623" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<heading pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<subSubSection box="[1483,1515,3112,3158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1482,2312,3112,3201]" box="[1483,1515,3112,3158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<figureCitation box="[1483,1515,3112,3158]" captionStart="Plate 32: Mustelidae" captionStartId="2.[137,167,3446,3471]" captionTargetBox="[12,2803,13,3640]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. American Badger (Taxidea taxus), 2. Honey Badger (Mellivora capensis), 3. Hog Badger (Arctonyx collars), 4. Japanese Badger (Meles anakuma), 5. Asian Badger (Meles leucurus), 6. European Badger (Meles meles)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6363018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6363018/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">4.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1524,1878,3112,3158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1482,2312,3112,3201]" box="[1524,1878,3112,3158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<vernacularName box="[1524,1878,3112,3158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Japanese Badger</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1893,2190,3112,3158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1482,2312,3112,3201]" box="[1893,2190,3112,3158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" box="[1893,2190,3112,3158]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anakuma">
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<emphasis box="[1893,2190,3112,3158]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Meles anakuma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1483,2311,3175,3196]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1482,2312,3112,3201]" box="[1483,2311,3175,3196]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<emphasis box="[1483,1560,3175,3196]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1569,1746,3175,3196]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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Blaireau du
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<collectingCountry box="[1687,1746,3175,3196]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Japon</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis box="[1766,1858,3175,3196]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1866,2054,3175,3196]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Japanischer Dachs</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis box="[2075,2166,3175,3196]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2174,2311,3175,3196]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Tejon japonés</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection box="[1482,2097,3246,3275]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1481,2684,3246,3482]" box="[1482,2097,3246,3275]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<emphasis box="[1482,1637,3246,3275]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Temminck, 1844" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" box="[1650,2094,3246,3275]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anakuma">Meles anakuma Temminck, 1844</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2104,2194,3246,3275]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1481,2684,3246,3482]" box="[2104,2194,3246,3275]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3707806335" box="[2104,2194,3246,3275]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<collectingCountry box="[2104,2190,3246,3275]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Japan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1481,2684,3246,3482]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Some authors consider M. anakuma as a subspecies of the Asian Badger. Monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1483,2215,3359,3392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714139" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714139" box="[1483,2215,3359,3392]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5714139/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" targetBox="[145,735,301,706]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1481,2684,3246,3482]" box="[1483,2215,3359,3392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<emphasis box="[1483,1658,3359,3392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[1664,1747,3359,3392]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Japan</collectingCountry>
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(Honshu, Kyushu & Shikoku Is).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="623" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1481,2684,3246,3482]" lastBlockId="4.[760,1348,293,719]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="623" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">
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<emphasis box="[1483,1732,3398,3431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="622">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity box="[1907,2036,3398,3431]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" unit="cm" value="65.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="50.0">50-80 cm</quantity>
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,tail
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<quantity box="[2116,2249,3398,3431]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" unit="cm" value="17.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="14.0">14-20 cm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity box="[2368,2479,3398,3431]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="622" unit="kg" value="11.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="6.0">6-17 kg</quantity>
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. The Japanese Badger has a stocky body, short legs, grayish pelage, and contrasting black and white stripes on the head and upper neck. The foreclaws are well-developed for digging; the hindclaws are much smaller.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[760,1348,293,719]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">
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<emphasis box="[761,872,415,444]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Japanese Badgers are found in fields and forests, often in close proximity to humans in suburban habitats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[760,1348,293,719]" lastBlockId="4.[137,1345,728,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">
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<emphasis box="[761,1018,537,562]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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In Hinode, a suburb of
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<collectingRegion box="[760,846,568,601]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
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, scat analysis revealed that during spring and summer, earthworms (Megaseolocidae) occur at high frequency in the diet, with berries (Rubus sp.), beetles, and persimmon (Dymopyrus kaki) also eaten during summer months. Scavenged food is eaten in early spring when earthworm availability is low, and in the autumn, Japanese Badgers switch from eating worms when Persimmon is abundant.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[137,1345,728,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">
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<emphasis box="[141,384,842,875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Primarily nocturnal, although sometimes active in the daytime. Breeding females, in particular, often forage during the day and in the spring. Between July and October, Japanese Badgers usually emerge from their setts around sunset and return around sunrise. After November, the time between emergence and return becomes shorter. From January to February, most activity ceases, and Japanese Badgers stay in their setts most of the time. The total hibernation period varies from 42-80 days, during which the body temperature is reduced. Den/resting sites are in underground burrows called setts or in couches. In
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<collectingCountry box="[894,980,1118,1151]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, the resting sites in each badger’s home range were found to be within
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<quantity box="[814,901,1157,1190]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="623" unit="m" value="630.0">630 m</quantity>
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of each other. Setts were sited within the core areas of home ranges and were mostly on a sub-ridge. Couches were mainly in deciduousforest, and along the forest edge, and were generally sited towards the periphery of home ranges.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[137,1345,728,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">
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<emphasis box="[141,881,1314,1347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Japanese Badgers form family groups consisting of a mother and her offspring. Mature adult males seldom visit the family except in early spring, and they are found to have large home ranges that encompass the home ranges of two to
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<specimenCount box="[644,798,1432,1465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="adult">three adult</specimenCount>
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females. The home ranges of each sex do not overlap, suggesting intra-sexual territoriality. Japanese Badgers use an average of 13-5 setts in a year; adult males and females seldom stay in the samesett together. Male offspring share a sett with their mother for up to 26 months, whereas female offspring remain with the mother for only 14 months. The average time male offspring spend with their mothers decreases when young are between 15 and 19 months old. In Hinode,
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<collectingRegion box="[304,390,1677,1702]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
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, the mean home range size of males (40 ha) was found to be larger than that of females (11 ha).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[137,1345,728,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">
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<emphasis box="[139,273,1747,1780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Mating occurs from April to August. Implantation of the fertilized eggs into the uterus is delayed until February. Litter size varies from one to three. Male offspring continue growing for 24 months, but females reach adult size in a year. Sexual maturity is reached after two years.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[137,1345,728,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">
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<emphasis box="[138,488,1904,1937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern in The
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<collectionCode box="[987,1067,1904,1937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">IUCN</collectionCode>
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Red List. Field studies are needed are learn more about the natural history, ecology, and conservation status of the Japanese Badger.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="623" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[137,1345,728,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">
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<emphasis box="[138,289,2031,2056]" pageId="4" pageNumber="623">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Abramov & Puzachenko (2006), Kaneko (2001, 2005), Kaneko et al. (2006), Sato et al. (2003), Tanaka (2005, 2006), Wozencraft (2005).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |