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<document id="B125530ECC74BA711BCBF87851C368C8" ID-CLB-Dataset="24975" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4692.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ead7ec31-b9d4-49f3-a006-a67fff6ad623" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3528942" ID-ZooBank="F054DC68-6A7E-4C80-9094-8ECCA4502CD6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1572939049273" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lima, Manuela M., Cordeiro, Ralf T. S. &amp; Perez, Carlos D." docDate="2019" docId="038F878BC91BFF93F9EBF92CFB2AF6F1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4692.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4692 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Stichopathes paucispina" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFB6FFF3C913FF99F97CFFD9FF99F21A" masterDocTitle="Black Corals (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the Southwestern Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698698950520" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="DFEE46C733988BBFAD373FFB195C51A8">Black Corals (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the Southwestern Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E929CCF908E71386F438A4B84D3F018A">Lima, Manuela M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="53B3597B2C8E633908845D5BCE77C025">Cordeiro, Ralf T. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E5DC9BB1EB278169565E1E6260ECD261">Perez, Carlos D.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038F878BC91BFF93F9EBF92CFB2AF6F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5688325" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160134032" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5688325" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F878BC91BFF93F9EBF92CFB2AF6F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F878BC91BFF93F9EBF92CFB2AF6F1" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C91BFF91F9EBF92CFDF6F50A" box="[151,623,1781,1808]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC91BFF91F9EBF92CFDF6F50A" blockId="8.[151,623,1781,1844]" box="[151,623,1781,1808]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0D181F1C91BFF91F9EBF92CFDF6F50A" bold="true" box="[151,623,1781,1808]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC91BFF91F9EBF92CFDF6F50A" authority="(Brook, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Brook" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,623,1781,1808]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC91BFF91F9EBF92CFDF6F50A" bold="true" box="[151,623,1781,1808]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC91BFF91F9EBF92CFE24F50A" bold="true" box="[151,445,1781,1808]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Stichopathes paucispina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC91BFF91F8B1F92FFDFEF50A" author="Brook" box="[461,615,1782,1808]" firstAuthor="Brook" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref46539" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 32, 1." type="journal volume" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C91BFF91F9EBF8C3FF6CF52E" box="[151,245,1818,1844]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC91BFF91F9EBF8C3FF6CF52E" blockId="8.[151,623,1781,1844]" box="[151,245,1818,1844]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C91BFF91F9EBF8C3FF43F52E" box="[151,218,1818,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1984,2009]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1965]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1965]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. MNRJ 8586, MNRJ 8578: Stichopathes paucispina (Brook, 1889).A—(MNRJ 8586), b (MNRJ 8578)—Corallum morphology; c (MNRJ 8586)—Organization 20 of spines; d (MNRJ 8586)—Spines magnified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528948/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C91BFF91F99BF8C3FF6CF52E" box="[231,245,1818,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1914,1939]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,1273,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,1273,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of Stichopathes paucispina (Brook, 1889). Yellow circles: records extracted from the literature (Brook, 1889; Opresko &amp; Genin, 1990) and based on the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). Red circle: record made in the present work." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528950/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C91BFF91F9EBF887FBFBF58F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC91BFF91F9EBF887FC98F56C" blockId="8.[151,1122,1885,1941]" box="[151,769,1885,1910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC91BFF91F9EBF887FDEDF56C" authority="Brook, 1889: 86 - 87" authorityName="Brook" authorityPageNumber="86" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,628,1885,1910]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC91BFF91F9EBF887FE38F56C" box="[151,417,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cirrhipathes? paucispina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC91BFF91F8DBF884FDEDF56C" author="Brook" box="[423,628,1885,1910]" firstAuthor="Brook" page="86 - 87" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref46539" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 32, 1." type="journal volume" year="1889">Brook, 1889: 86–87</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 12, fig. 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99369DC91BFF91F9EBF8A4FBFBF58F" blockId="8.[151,1122,1885,1941]" box="[151,1122,1916,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611B3C91BFF91F9EBF8A4FBFBF58F" box="[151,1122,1916,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC91BFF91F9EBF8A4FD6EF58F" authority=": Opresko &amp; Genin, 1990: 307 - 310" authorityName="Opresko &amp; Genin" authorityPageNumber="307" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,759,1916,1941]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC91BFF91F9EBF8A4FE17F58E" box="[151,398,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Stichopathes paucispina</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC91BFF91F8E0F8A5FD6EF58F" author="Opresko &amp; Genin" box="[412,759,1916,1941]" firstAuthor="Opresko" page="307 - 310" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="301 - 310" refId="ref49304" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Genin, A. (1990) A new species of antipatharian (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from seamounts in the eastern North Pacific. Bulletin of Marine Science, 46 (2), 301 - 310." type="journal article" year="1990">Opresko &amp; Genin, 1990: 307–310</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 4–5;
<treatmentCitation id="0A87108CC91BFF91FA1DF8A4FBC7F58F" author="Bo, M. &amp; Opresko, D. M." box="[865,1118,1916,1941]" page="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC91BFF91FA1DF8A4FBC7F58F" author="Bo &amp; Opresko" box="[865,1118,1916,1941]" firstAuthor="Bo" page="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref46404" refString="Bo, M. &amp; Opresko, D. M. (2015) Redescription of Stichopathes pourtalesi Brook, 1889 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Antipathidae). Breviora, 540, 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / MCZ 16.1" type="journal article" year="2015">Bo &amp; Opresko, 2015: 15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C91BFF90F9EBF81AFB1BF33A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC91BFF91F9EBF81AFC79F5C7" blockId="8.[151,992,1986,2014]" box="[151,992,1986,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC91BFF91F9EBF81AFE3DF5C7" bold="true" box="[151,420,1986,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type and type locality.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CC0C91BFF91F8D7F81DFC45F5C7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2446839696" box="[427,988,1987,2014]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="BMNH 1873.4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DB809EE6C91BFF91F8D7F81DFDCFF5C7" box="[427,598,1987,2014]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">BMNH 1873.4</specimenCode>
.26.1 (
<typeStatus id="549D883FC91BFF91FBE6F81AFC9AF5C4" box="[666,771,1987,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
): locality unknown
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99369DC91AFF90F9BBFF41FB1BF33A" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC91AFF90F9BBFF41FE28F2A9" bold="true" box="[199,433,152,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined.</emphasis>
Rio Grande Rise,
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC91AFF90FBFEFF40FCB3F2A9" box="[642,810,153,179]" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" seconds="49.68" value="-30.2138">30º12’49.68”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC91AFF90FA4AFF41FC51F2A9" box="[822,968,152,179]" degrees="36" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" seconds="9.6" value="-36.836">36º50’9.6”W</geoCoordinate>
; Initial depth:
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91AFF90FD13FF41FB23F2A9" box="[1135,1210,152,179]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
; final depth:
<specimenCount id="9D20FD14C91AFF90FC32FF40FA04F2A9" box="[1358,1437,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91AFF90FC32FF40FA01F2A9" box="[1358,1432,153,179]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
PROERG/
<collectionCode id="ED37AE58C91AFF90F86CFF64FEC6F2CD" box="[272,351,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CPRM</collectionCode>
. EST.: ERG 165. Date:
<date id="FF98105DC91AFF90FB05FF64FD62F2CD" box="[633,763,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-02-11">11/02/2012</date>
.Sampling: Dredge (
<collectionCode id="ED37AE58C91AFF90FA9CFF64FBB4F2CD" box="[992,1069,189,215]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MNRJ</collectionCode>
8586, 1 fragment). Rio Grande Rise,
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC91AFF90F9ABFF38FEFAF2E1" box="[215,355,225,251]" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" seconds="4.2" value="-30.7345">30º44’4.2”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC91AFF90F812FF39FE60F2E1" box="[366,505,224,251]" degrees="36" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-36.7475">36º44’51”W</geoCoordinate>
; Initial depth:
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91AFF90FBE3FF39FD70F2E1" box="[671,745,224,251]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</quantity>
; final depth:
<specimenCount id="9D20FD14C91AFF90FA00FF39FC53F2E1" box="[892,970,224,251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91AFF90FA00FF39FC5FF2E1" box="[892,966,224,251]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="585.0">585 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
PROERG/
<collectionCode id="ED37AE58C91AFF90FD36FF38FB00F2E1" box="[1098,1177,225,251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CPRM</collectionCode>
. EST.: ERG 185. Date:
<date id="FF98105DC91AFF90F9EBFEDCFE82F305" box="[151,283,261,287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-02-09">09/02/2012</date>
. Amostr.: Dredge (
<collectionCode id="ED37AE58C91AFF90F891FEDCFDD8F305" box="[493,577,261,287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CPRM</collectionCode>
). Alcohol (
<collectionCode id="ED37AE58C91AFF90FBC6FEDCFC9EF305" box="[698,775,261,287]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MNRJ</collectionCode>
8578;
<collectionCode id="ED37AE58C91AFF90FA29FEDCFC39F305" box="[853,928,261,287]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MNRJ</collectionCode>
8591, 2 fragments).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF596615C91AFF90F9EBF819FBC4F5E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528948" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3528948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528948/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,250,1984,2009]" targetBox="[151,1436,301,1965]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC91AFF90F9EBF819FBC4F5E7" blockId="9.[151,1436,1984,2045]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC91AFF90F9EBF819FE8BF5C3" bold="true" box="[151,274,1984,2009]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
MNRJ 8586, MNRJ 8578:
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC91AFF90FB55F818FC21F5C3" authority="(Brook, 1889)" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" baseAuthorityName="Brook" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[553,952,1984,2009]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC91AFF90FB55F818FCB9F5C3" box="[553,800,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Stichopathes paucispina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC91AFF90FA51F819FC29F5C3" author="Brook" box="[813,944,1984,2009]" firstAuthor="Brook" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref46539" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 32, 1." type="journal volume" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. A—(MNRJ 8586), b (MNRJ 8578)—Corallum morphology; c (MNRJ 8586)—Organization 20 of spines; d (MNRJ 8586)—Spines magnified.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C919FF93F9BBFF41FE6BF391" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC919FF93F9BBFF41FE6BF391" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1260]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93F9BBFF41FEDBF2A9" bold="true" box="[199,322,152,179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Corallum unbranched, in ascending irregular spirals. Spines conical, slightly compressed, apex moderately sharp, and covered with small tubercles from the tip down the sides to about 2/5 the distance to base. Polypar spines up to
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C919FF93F800FF38FE46F2E1" box="[380,479,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34 mm</quantity>
in height, abpolypar spines up to
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C919FF93FA2CFF38FC2AF2E1" box="[848,947,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.24">0.24 mm</quantity>
(from center of base to apex). Distal edge of spines straight and slightly angled distally or perpendicular to the axial surface. Spines in seven to nine longitudinal rows, with five to six rows (rarely four) in side view; distance between spines in a same row between 0.7 and
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C919FF93FC17FEF0FF5FF37D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="1.14">1.14 mm</quantity>
. Largest polyps usually
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in transverse diameter; and in a density of 2.5 to 3 per centimeter (adapted from
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC919FF93F9A9FEA8FE7FF391" author="Opresko &amp; Genin" box="[213,486,369,395]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="301 - 310" refId="ref49304" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Genin, A. (1990) A new species of antipatharian (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from seamounts in the eastern North Pacific. Bulletin of Marine Science, 46 (2), 301 - 310." type="journal article" year="1990">Opresko &amp; Genin, 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C919FF93F9BBFE4DFB5DF07E" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC919FF93F9BBFE4DFB5DF07E" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1260]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93F9BBFE4DFDE9F3B5" bold="true" box="[199,624,404,431]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description of Brazilian specimens.</emphasis>
Corallum monopodial, unpinnulated, whip-like, axis twisted, forming a spiral (
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C919FF93F998FE60FEBDF3CE" box="[228,292,441,468]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1984,2009]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1965]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1965]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. MNRJ 8586, MNRJ 8578: Stichopathes paucispina (Brook, 1889).A—(MNRJ 8586), b (MNRJ 8578)—Corallum morphology; c (MNRJ 8586)—Organization 20 of spines; d (MNRJ 8586)—Spines magnified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528948/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
a–b). Total length of specimens
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. Thickness near base
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. Diameter of the first spiral
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C919FF93F9EBFE04FE94F3ED" box="[151,269,477,503]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.601" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="66.01">66.01 mm</quantity>
. Spines on distal end of the stem conical, with tubercles mostly on the upper fourth to third of the spine surface; arranged in three to six rows in side view (
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C919FF93FB9FFDD8FCBFF006" box="[739,806,513,540]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1984,2009]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1965]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1965]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. MNRJ 8586, MNRJ 8578: Stichopathes paucispina (Brook, 1889).A—(MNRJ 8586), b (MNRJ 8578)—Corallum morphology; c (MNRJ 8586)—Organization 20 of spines; d (MNRJ 8586)—Spines magnified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528948/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
c–d), most common four to five rows. Height of spines
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. Proximal-distal diameter of spines at the base
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C919FF93FA3AFDFDFC47F025" box="[838,990,548,575]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.22499999999999998" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.3 mm</quantity>
, and distance between spines in a same row around
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. Width of tubercles on spines
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. Polyps not traced (tissue lost).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C919FF93F9BBFDB4FDE7F6B9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC919FF93F9BBFDB4FE8DF145" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1260]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93F9BBFDB4FEA2F09D" bold="true" box="[199,315,621,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks.</emphasis>
Despite the lack of soft tissue, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC919FF93FA34FDB4FC78F09D" baseAuthorityName="Brook" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[840,993,621,647]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93FA34FDB4FC78F09D" box="[840,993,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. paucispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined herein have spines identical to the
<typeStatus id="549D883FC919FF93F9A3FD48FEDCF0B1" box="[223,325,657,683]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: sharp, tapered, with large tubercles, compared with
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC919FF93FAE7FD48FA01F0B1" authority="Opresko &amp; Genin, 1990" authorityName="Opresko &amp; Genin" authorityYear="1990" box="[923,1432,657,683]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spiessi">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93FAE7FD48FBE4F0B1" box="[923,1149,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stichopathes spiessi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC919FF93FDF9FD48FA01F0B1" author="Opresko &amp; Genin" box="[1157,1432,657,683]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="301 - 310" refId="ref49304" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Genin, A. (1990) A new species of antipatharian (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from seamounts in the eastern North Pacific. Bulletin of Marine Science, 46 (2), 301 - 310." type="journal article" year="1990">Opresko &amp; Genin, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the species most morphologically related to
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC919FF93FBF7FD6CFCBAF0D5" baseAuthorityName="Brook" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[651,803,693,719]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93FBF7FD6CFCBAF0D5" box="[651,803,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. paucispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC919FF93FA4EFD6CFBDEF0D5" author="Opresko &amp; Genin" box="[818,1095,693,719]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="301 - 310" refId="ref49304" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Genin, A. (1990) A new species of antipatharian (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from seamounts in the eastern North Pacific. Bulletin of Marine Science, 46 (2), 301 - 310." type="journal article" year="1990">Opresko &amp; Genin, 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC919FF93FD28FD6CFB7AF0D5" author="Brook" box="[1108,1251,693,719]" firstAuthor="Brook" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref46539" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 32, 1." type="journal volume" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC919FF93FD8CFD6CFF4DF0E9" author="Bo &amp; Opresko" firstAuthor="Bo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref46404" refString="Bo, M. &amp; Opresko, D. M. (2015) Redescription of Stichopathes pourtalesi Brook, 1889 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Antipathidae). Breviora, 540, 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / MCZ 16.1" type="journal article" year="2015">Bo &amp; Opresko, 2015</bibRefCitation>
). The specimens examined differ from the
<typeStatus id="549D883FC919FF93FBC4FD00FC83F0E9" box="[696,794,729,755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
[described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC919FF93FABDFD00FBC0F0E9" author="Brook" box="[961,1113,729,755]" firstAuthor="Brook" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref46539" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 32, 1." type="journal volume" year="1889">Brook (1889)</bibRefCitation>
and redescribed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC919FF93FC41FD00FED5F10D" author="Opresko &amp; Genin" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="301 - 310" refId="ref49304" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Genin, A. (1990) A new species of antipatharian (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from seamounts in the eastern North Pacific. Bulletin of Marine Science, 46 (2), 301 - 310." type="journal article" year="1990">Opresko &amp; Genin (1990)</bibRefCitation>
] in spine height, relatively smaller in our specimen (
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and
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C919FF93FD0EFD24FA8CF10D" box="[1138,1301,765,791]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.26" valueMax="0.34" valueMin="0.18">0.18–0.34 mm</quantity>
in the
<typeStatus id="549D883FC919FF93FC1DFD24FF53F121" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, respectively). A distinct difference in the size of the abpolypar spines is not always evident in the Brazilian specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99369DC919FF93F9BBFCB0FDE7F6B9" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1260]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC919FF93F9BBFCB0FE40F199" baseAuthorityName="Brook" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[199,473,873,899]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93F9BBFCB0FE40F199" box="[199,473,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stichopathes paucispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs on northeastern Pacific seamounts (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC919FF93FABEFCB0FB4EF199" author="Opresko &amp; Genin" box="[962,1239,873,899]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="301 - 310" refId="ref49304" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Genin, A. (1990) A new species of antipatharian (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from seamounts in the eastern North Pacific. Bulletin of Marine Science, 46 (2), 301 - 310." type="journal article" year="1990">Opresko &amp; Genin, 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Despite the fact that there are no previous records of the species in the Atlantic,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC919FF93FA15FC54FBF8F1BD" author="Bo &amp; Opresko" box="[873,1121,908,935]" firstAuthor="Bo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref46404" refString="Bo, M. &amp; Opresko, D. M. (2015) Redescription of Stichopathes pourtalesi Brook, 1889 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Antipathidae). Breviora, 540, 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / MCZ 16.1" type="journal article" year="2015">Bo &amp; Opresko (2015)</bibRefCitation>
recorded specimens similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC919FF93F9C9FC68FED4F1D1" baseAuthorityName="Brook" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[181,333,945,971]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93F9C9FC68FED4F1D1" box="[181,333,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. paucispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in Caribbean, but did not confirm the identification, highlighting the need of a revision of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC919FF93F857FC0CFE23F1F5" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[299,442,981,1007]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93F857FC0CFE23F1F5" box="[299,442,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stichopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This genus is represented on northeastern Atlantic seamounts by:
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC919FF93FDC9FC0CFEC2F609" authority="Roule, 1902" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1902" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93FDC9FC0CFF5EF609" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stichopathes abyssicola</emphasis>
Roule, 1902
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC919FF93F81BFC20FCB7F609" authority="Molodtsova, 2006" authorityName="Molodtsova" authorityYear="2006" box="[359,814,1017,1043]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gravieri">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93F81BFC20FDCEF609" box="[359,599,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stichopathes gravieri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC919FF93FB22FC20FCB7F609" author="Molodtsova" box="[606,814,1017,1043]" firstAuthor="Molodtsova" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="141 - 151" refId="ref48053" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. (2006) Black corals (Antipatharia: Anthozoa: Cnidaria) of the north-eastern Atlantic. In: Biogeography of the Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Press, Moscow, pp. 141 - 151." type="book chapter" year="2006">Molodtsova, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC919FF93FA45FC20FB31F609" authority="Gray, 1857" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" box="[825,1192,1016,1043]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93FA45FC20FBBCF609" box="[825,1061,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stichopathes gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC919FF93FD50FC20FB31F609" author="Gray" box="[1068,1192,1016,1043]" firstAuthor="Gray" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="278 - 294" refId="ref47448" refString="Gray, D. R. (1857) Synopsis of the families and genera of axiferous zoophytes or barked corals. Journal of Zoology, 25 (1), 278 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1857. tb 01242. x" type="journal article" year="1857">Gray, 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(species with smooth surface or with tiny ornamentation);
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC919FF93FB49FBC4FC53F62D" authority="Roule, 1902" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1902" box="[565,970,1053,1079]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flagellum">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93FB49FBC4FCAFF62D" box="[565,822,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stichopathes flagellum</emphasis>
Roule, 1902
</taxonomicName>
, with spines smaller than those described herein (
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C919FF93F993FB99FE0FF641" box="[239,406,1088,1115]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.055" valueMax="0.06" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.06 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC919FF93F8BCFB98FDD0F641" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1902" box="[448,585,1089,1115]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flagellum">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93F8BCFB98FDD0F641" box="[448,585,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. flagellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C919FF93FBF0FB98FCBDF641" box="[652,804,1089,1115]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.185" valueMax="0.27" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.27 mm</quantity>
herein); and
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC919FF93FABDFB98FAC5F641" authority="Roule, 1902" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1902" box="[961,1372,1089,1115]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93FABDFB98FB5DF641" box="[961,1220,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stichopathes dissimilis</emphasis>
Roule, 1902
</taxonomicName>
, with completely smooth spines (according to drawings of
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC919FF93FBA3FBBCFCF3F665" author="Roule" box="[735,874,1124,1151]" firstAuthor="Roule" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref49909" refString="Roule, L. (1905) Description des Antipathaires et Cerianthaires recueillis par SAS le Prince de Monaco dans l'Atlantique nord (1886 - 1902). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques, 30, 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59328" type="journal article" year="1905">Roule, 1905</bibRefCitation>
, p. 132–133) and height between 0.25 and
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C919FF93FC3DFBBCFA01F665" box="[1345,1432,1125,1151]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
, bigger than the specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC919FF93F89CFB50FDEEF6B9" baseAuthorityName="Brook" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[480,631,1161,1187]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93F89CFB50FDEEF6B9" box="[480,631,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. paucispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C919FF93F9BBFB75FB2AF6F1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC919FF93F9BBFB75FB2AF6F1" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1260]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC919FF93F9BBFB75FEF8F6DD" bold="true" box="[199,353,1196,1223]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</emphasis>
Northeast Pacific Seamounts (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC919FF93FBC1FB74FC49F6DD" author="Opresko &amp; Genin" box="[701,976,1197,1223]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="301 - 310" refId="ref49304" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Genin, A. (1990) A new species of antipatharian (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from seamounts in the eastern North Pacific. Bulletin of Marine Science, 46 (2), 301 - 310." type="journal article" year="1990">Opresko &amp; Genin, 1990</bibRefCitation>
) and Southwestern Atlantic, Rio Grande Rise (this work) (
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C919FF93F827FB08FE39F6F1" box="[347,416,1233,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1914,1939]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,1273,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,1273,1894]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of Stichopathes paucispina (Brook, 1889). Yellow circles: records extracted from the literature (Brook, 1889; Opresko &amp; Genin, 1990) and based on the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). Red circle: record made in the present work." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528950/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); from
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(this work) to
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C919FF93FB9CFB09FCACF6F1" box="[736,821,1232,1259]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350 m</quantity>
depths (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC919FF93FAEFFB08FB3FF6F1" author="Opresko &amp; Genin" box="[915,1190,1233,1259]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="301 - 310" refId="ref49304" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Genin, A. (1990) A new species of antipatharian (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from seamounts in the eastern North Pacific. Bulletin of Marine Science, 46 (2), 301 - 310." type="journal article" year="1990">Opresko &amp; Genin, 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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