594 lines
72 KiB
XML
594 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="B0F2C00FC44730A688951C76F78E6A99" ID-CLB-Dataset="306316" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad171" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cc96d54d-471b-44ed-86bd-36473c22fe0b" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14360770" ID-ZooBank="EDB799C-B7FE-40B0-BFEF-30D3E0AE2A6F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1732842866714" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rosenfeld, Sebastián, Segovia, Nicolás I, Maturana, Claudia S, Aldea, Cristián, Saucède, Thomas, Brickle, Paul, Spencer, Hamish G, Poulin, Elie & González-Wevar, Claudio A" docDate="2023" docId="533E87C5FFAEFFC7FC394DB1FAFEF00F" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad171.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad171" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.9:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Laevilitorina venusta Pfeffer 1886" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="AF07FFBDFFA9FFCEFF864836FFC0F45C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the higher latitude periwinkle species Laevilitorina caliginosa sensu lato" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1733840964989" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4C9F90466983126FB4A7476E60608710">A revision of the higher latitude periwinkle species Laevilitorina caliginosa sensu lato</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="26200B7DDFBAC40A2F4DCE7F4B8DB94C">Rosenfeld, Sebastián</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FA3FA27C66D00C8A578B478FA1BAF421">Centro de Investigación Gaia-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile & Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile & Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (MI-BASE), Santiago, Chile & Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile & Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile & Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ED959A3E5D4A510F1036EE11EFCA85D2">Segovia, Nicolás I</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EA4A6D6DFEC5D92FAB790CD6CFBD3433">Aldea, Cristián</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="95609D85213BC8E98B603228517F111A">Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6, boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="30B11A85D24559322631B70D49EAE0BD">South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Ross Road, Stanley, Falkland Islands, UK & School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK & Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="999C9A66FD93FC0BFF477500887D6E66">Poulin, Elie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7A970EF3CF606478F415AAA42EC8B238">Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (MI-BASE), Santiago, Chile & Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML) - Centro de Investigación en Dinámicas de Ecosistemas de Altas Latitudes (Fondap IDEAL), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="11162603EE120324DD6F364C675C0D2A">González-Wevar, Claudio A</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="76C21F1FCDC6AEF8C3E7BC44AB90349C">2023</mods:date>
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<heading id="806081BFFFAEFFC9FC394DB1FADEF1FD" box="[959,1310,1415,1442]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFAEFFC9FC394DB1FADEF1FD" ID-CoL="3RVJC" authority="Pfeffer, 1886" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1886" box="[959,1310,1415,1442]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="venusta">
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<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FC394DB1FADEF1FD" bold="true" box="[959,1310,1415,1442]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FC394DB1FB52F1FE" bold="true" box="[959,1170,1415,1442]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Laevilitorina venusta</emphasis>
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Pfeffer, 1886
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFAEFFC9FBC14DF0FB56F1BC" blockId="7.[1095,1174,1478,1504]" box="[1095,1174,1478,1504]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="806081BFFFAEFFC9FBC14DF0FB56F1BC" box="[1095,1174,1478,1504]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FBC14DF0FB56F1BC" bold="true" box="[1095,1174,1478,1504]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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(
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<figureCitation id="43AC2A56FFAEFFC9FBD44DF0FB4BF1BC" box="[1106,1163,1478,1504]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[183,1384,151,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-7@10.[181,1386,149,1812]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Laevilitorina venusta, Southern Ocean.Scale bars: 1 mm unless specified otherwise.A–G, variation in shell morphology and coloration of the species across its distribution in different provinces of the Southern Ocean.The specimens of L. venusta are from:Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula (A); Covandonga Bay, the Antarctic Peninsula (B); South Georgia (C); Marion Island (D); Crozet Island (E); Kerguelen Island (F); and Macquarie Island (G). H–J, radular morphology (SEM), showing a general view (H), rachidian (I), and rachidian from an individual from Antarctica showing small denticles (J). K, distributional pattern of L. venusta across the Southern Ocean." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14360786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14360786/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFAEFFC9FCAC4DDBFC58F278" blockId="7.[810,1460,1517,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFAEFFC9FCAC4DDBFC31F259" authorityName="A. Gould" authorityYear="1849" box="[810,1009,1517,1541]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Hydrobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caliginosa">
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<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FCAC4DDBFC31F259" box="[810,1009,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hydrobia caliginosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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– Smith, 1879: 173, pl. 9, fig. 8;
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<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FAE34DDBFC54F278" author="Watson" firstAuthor="Watson" page="613" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 756" refId="ref14921" refString="Watson RB. Report on the Scaphopoda and Gasteropoda collected by H. M. S. challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876. Zoology 1886; 15: 1 - 756." type="journal article" year="1886">Watson 1886: 613</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFAEFFC9FCC34E1DFC2DF2DE" blockId="7.[810,1460,1517,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFAEFFC9FCC34E1DFBD0F21F" ID-CoL="3RVJC" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1886" box="[837,1040,1579,1603]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="venusta">
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<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FCC34E1DFBD0F21F" box="[837,1040,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Laevilitorina venusta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FBA14E1AFAB9F21F" author="von Martens and Pfeffer" box="[1063,1401,1579,1603]" firstAuthor="von Martens" page="85" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="65 - 135" refId="ref14842" refString="von Martens E, Pfeffer G. Die Mollusken von Sud-Georgien nach der Ausbeute der Deutschen Station 1882 - 83. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschasslichen Anstalten 1886; 3: 65 - 135." type="journal article" year="1886">von Martens and Pfeffer 1886: 85</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 1, fig. 9a, b;
|
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<treatmentCitation id="5A3610C2FFAEFFC9FC084E7DFBA9F23F" author="Castellanos ZA" box="[910,1129,1611,1635]" page="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1989">
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<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FC084E7DFBA9F23F" author="Castellanos" box="[910,1129,1611,1635]" firstAuthor="Castellanos" page="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref11424" refString="Castellanos ZA. Catalogo descriptivo de la malacofauna marina Magallanica 4. Mesogastropoda. Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas, Provincia de Buenos Aires, 1989." year="1989">Castellanos 1989: 18</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FBF24E7DFAEAF23F" author="Zelaya" box="[1140,1322,1610,1635]" firstAuthor="Zelaya" page="118" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="109 - 39" refId="ref15221" refString="Zelaya DG. Systematics and biogeography of marine gastropods molluscs from South Georgia. Spixiana 2005; 28: 109 - 39." type="journal article" year="2005">Zelaya 2005: 118</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FAB24E7DFC63F2DE" author="Rosenfeld" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rosenfeld" page="66" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="61 - 77" refId="ref14335" refString="Rosenfeld S, Maturana CS, Spencer HG et al. Complete distribution of the genus Laevilitorina (Littorinimorpha, Littorinidae) in the Southern Hemisphere: remarks and natural history. Zookeys 2022; 1127: 61 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1127.91310" type="journal article" year="2022">
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||
Rosenfeld
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||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FA244E7DFC83F2DE" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2022: 66
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 1c.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFAEFFC9FCC34EBCFC09F29D" blockId="7.[810,1460,1517,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="FB8711FDFFAEFFC9FCC34EBCFC09F29D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFAEFFC9FCC34EBCFB4AF2FD" authorityName="Melvill & Standen" authorityYear="1907" box="[837,1162,1673,1697]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Litorina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coriacea" subGenus="Laevilitorina">
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||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FCC34EBCFC5CF2FD" box="[837,924,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Litorina</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FC2B4EBFFBEAF2FD" box="[941,1066,1673,1697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Laevilitorina</emphasis>
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)
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||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FBBD4EBCFB4AF2FD" box="[1083,1162,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">coriacea</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="5A3610C2FFAEFFC9FB254EBFFC92F29D" author="Melvill JC & Standen P" page="130" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1907">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FB254EBFFC92F29D" author="Melvill and Standen" firstAuthor="Melvill" page="130" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref13185" refString="Melvill JC, Standen P. The Marine Mollusca of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, part I. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1907; 46: 119157." year="1907">Melvill and Standen 1907: 130</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 1, fig. 2.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFAEFFC9FCC34EFEFB16F2BC" blockId="7.[810,1460,1517,2011]" box="[837,1238,1736,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FB8711FDFFAEFFC9FCC34EFEFB16F2BC" box="[837,1238,1736,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFAEFFC9FCC34EFEFBD7F2BC" ID-CoL="3RVHR" baseAuthorityName="Melvill and Standen" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[837,1047,1736,1760]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coriacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FCC34EFEFBD7F2BC" box="[837,1047,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Laevilitorina coriacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="5A3610C2FFAEFFC9FBA94EFEFB12F2BC" author="Engl" box="[1071,1234,1736,1760]" page="103" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FBA94EFEFB12F2BC" author="Engl" box="[1071,1234,1736,1760]" firstAuthor="Engl" page="103" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref11748" refString="Engl W. 2012. Shells of Antarctica. Hackenheim: ConchBooks." year="2012">Engl, 2012: 103</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFAEFFC9FCC34ED1FBCEF343" blockId="7.[810,1460,1517,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFAEFFC9FCC34ED1FBEEF2A3" ID-CoL="3RVHP" authorityName="A. Gould" authorityYear="1849" box="[837,1070,1767,1791]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caliginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FCC34ED1FBEEF2A3" box="[837,1070,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Laevilitorina caliginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– E. Lamy, 1905: 478; E. Lamy, 1906: 112; E. Lamy, 1911: 8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFAEFFC9FCC34F10FAFDF361" blockId="7.[810,1460,1517,2011]" box="[837,1341,1830,1854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFAEFFC9FCC34F10FB4EF362" box="[837,1166,1830,1854]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="caliginosa" variety="fulleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FCC34F10FBE7F362" box="[837,1063,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Laevilitorina caliginosa</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FBD34F10FB4EF362" box="[1109,1166,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fulleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FB204F10FAF7F362" author="Gaillard" box="[1190,1335,1830,1854]" firstAuthor="Gaillard" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="291 - 300" refId="ref11952" refString="Gaillard JM. Mollusca. In: van Zinderen Bakker EM, Winterbottom JM, Dyer RA (eds). Marion and Prince Edoard Islands. Balkema AA: Cape Town, 1971; 291 - 300." year="1971">Gaillard, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFAEFFC7FCC34F73FEA1F49B" blockId="7.[810,1460,1517,2011]" lastBlockId="9.[113,763,144,231]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FB8711FDFFAEFFC9FCC34F73FA73F321" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFAEFFC9FCC34F73FBEDF301" ID-CoL="3RVHP" authorityName="A. Gould" authorityYear="1849" box="[837,1069,1861,1885]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caliginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FCC34F73FBEDF301" box="[837,1069,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Laevilitorina caliginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FBD74F73FAD2F301" author="Thiele" box="[1105,1298,1861,1885]" firstAuthor="Thiele" page="235" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="183 - 286" refId="ref14732" refString="Thiele J. Die antarktischen Schnecken und Muscheln. In: von Drygalski E (ed.), Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition (1901 - 1903), Vol. 13, 1912, 183 - 286." type="journal article" year="1912">Thiele, 1912: 235</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FAA44F73FC94F321" author="Powell" firstAuthor="Powell" page="128" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="107 - 49" refId="ref13820" refString="Powell AWB. Mollusca of Kerguelen and Macquarie Islands. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition & 1929 - 1931 1957; Report B 6: 107 - 49." type="journal article" year="1957">Powell, 1957: 128</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="5A3610C2FFAEFFC9FCE74F53FB64F320" author="Arnaud P & Bandel K" box="[865,1188,1892,1917]" page="215" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FCE74F53FB64F320" author="Arnaud and Bandel" box="[865,1188,1892,1917]" firstAuthor="Arnaud" page="215" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="213 - 30" refId="ref11305" refString="Arnaud P, Bandel K. Comments on six species of marine Antarctic Littorinacea (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Tethys 1976; 8: 213 - 30." year="1976">Arnaud and Bandel 1976: 215</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 1, fig. 1;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FAB54F53FC1AF3C0" author="Cantera and Arnaud" firstAuthor="Cantera" page="40" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 169" refId="ref11383" refString="Cantera JR, Arnaud PM. Les gasteropodes prosobranches des Iles Kerguelen et Crozet (sud de l'Ocean Indien): comparaison ecologique et particularites biologiques. Comite National Francais des Recherches Antarctiques 1985; 56: 1 - 169." year="1985">Cantera and Arnaud 1985: 40</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FC624FB2FB07F3C0" author="Arnaud" box="[996,1223,1924,1948]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Arnaud" page="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="7 - 24" refId="ref11334" refString="Arnaud P, Jazdzewski K, Presler P et al. Preliminary survey of benthic invertebrates collected by polish antarctic expeditions in Admiralty Bay (King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Polish Polar Research 1986; 1 - 2: 7 - 24." year="1986">
|
||
Arnaud
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FBB04FB3FBA5F3C0" box="[1078,1125,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1986: 13
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Jazdzewski
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FAC24FB3FAB3F3C0" box="[1348,1395,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001: 93;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FCD44F95FBFCF3E7" author="Waller" box="[850,1084,1955,1979]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Waller" page="662" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="656 - 66" refId="ref14876" refString="Waller CL, Barnes DK, Convey P. Ecological contrasts across an Antarctic land - sea interface. Austral Ecology 2006; 31: 656 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1442 - 9993.2006.01618. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Waller
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FC1D4F92FC0BF3E7" box="[923,971,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006: 662
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FBC14F95FB28F3E7" author="Engl" box="[1095,1256,1955,1979]" firstAuthor="Engl" page="102" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref11748" refString="Engl W. 2012. Shells of Antarctica. Hackenheim: ConchBooks." year="2012">Engl 2012: 102</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FB744F95FCA1F386" author="Amsler" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Amsler" page="1175" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1171 - 81" refId="ref11205" refString="Amsler MO, Huang Y, Engl W et al. Abundance and diversity of gastropods associated with dominant subtidal macroalgae from the western Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biology 2015; 38: 1171 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 015 - 1681 - 4" year="2015">
|
||
Amsler
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FAC44F92FAB2F3E7" box="[1346,1394,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015: 1175
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FCEC4FF4FBA9F387" author="Aghmich" box="[874,1129,1986,2011]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Aghmich" page="193" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="189 - 98" refId="ref11057" refString="Aghmich A, Taboada S, Toll L et al. First assessment of the rocky intertidal communities of Fildes Bay, King George Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Polar Biology 2016; 39: 189 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 015 - 1814 - 9" year="2016">
|
||
Aghmich
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FC4B4FF5FC3BF386" box="[973,1019,1986,2010]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016: 193
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC9FBF44FF5FA9AF387" author="Martin" box="[1138,1370,1986,2011]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martin" page="212" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="207 - 20" refId="ref13054" refString="Martin A, Miloslavich P, Diaz Y et al. Intertidal benthic communities associated with the macroalgae Iridaea cordata and Adenocystis utricularis in King George Island, Antarctica. Polar Biology 2016: 39: 207 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 015 - 1773 - 1" year="2016">
|
||
Martín
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFAEFFC9FB384FF5FB26F386" box="[1214,1254,1986,2010]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016: 212
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFAEFFC7FAE54FF4FEC7F4F4" author="Schrodl" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schrodl" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" page="40" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="128 - 53" refId="ref14455" refString="Schrodl M, Engl W, Aldea C et al. Gastropods, Gastropoda. In: Schories D, Kohlberg G (eds.), Marine Wildlife King George Island Antarctica: Identification Guide. Germany: privately published, 2016, 128 - 53." type="book chapter" year="2016">
|
||
Schrödl
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FFF748A7FF62F4F4" box="[113,162,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016: 40
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFA0FFC7FE9448A6FDC9F4F4" author="Rosenfeld" box="[274,521,144,168]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rosenfeld" page="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref14269" refString="Rosenfeld S, Aldea C, Ojeda J et al. Molluscan assemblages associated with Gigartina beds in the Strait of Magellan and the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica): a comparison of composition and abundance. Polar Research 2017; 36: 1 - 10. https: // polarresearch. net / index. php / polar / article / view / 2640" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Rosenfeld
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FE0648A7FE71F4F4" box="[384,433,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017: 4
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFA0FFC7FD9248A6FD35F4F4" author="Valdivia" box="[532,757,144,168]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Valdivia" page="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref14793" refString="Valdivia N, Garrido I, Bruning P et al. Biodiversity of an Antarctic rocky subtidal community and its relationship with glacier meltdown processes. Marine Environmental Research 2020; 159: 104991. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marenvres. 2020.104991" type="journal volume" year="2020">
|
||
Valdivia
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FDEB48A7FD5EF4F4" box="[621,670,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020: 5
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFA0FFC7FFF74899FE9CF49B" author="Amsler" box="[113,348,175,199]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Amsler" page="248" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="246 - 55" refId="ref11259" refString="Amsler C, Miller L, Edwards E et al. Gastropod assemblages associated with Himantothallus grandifolius, Sarcopeltis antarctica and other subtidal macroalgae. Antarctic Science 2022; 34: 246 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0954102022000153" year="2022">
|
||
Amsler
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FF464886FF2FF49B" box="[192,239,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022: 248
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8FE8665BFFA1FFC6FF074F1BFBE4F322" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14360784" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14360784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14360784/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[129,194,1837,1861]" targetBox="[153,1449,145,1807]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFA1FFC6FF074F1BFBE4F322" blockId="8.[129,1462,1837,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA1FFC6FF074F1BFF18F319" bold="true" box="[129,216,1837,1861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFA1FFC6FF5B4F18FDF7F31A" authority=", Chabunco, Strait" authorityName="Chabunco, Strait" box="[221,567,1838,1862]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pepita">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA1FFC6FF5B4F18FE4DF319" box="[221,397,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Laevilitorina pepita</emphasis>
|
||
, Chabunco, Strait
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Magellan, southern South America. Scale bars: 1 mm unless specified otherwise. A–C, shell morphology and coloration of specimens collected at Chabunco, Strait of Magellan. D–F, radular morphology (SEM), showing a general view (D), rachidian (E), and inner marginal (F). G, the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFA1FFC6FD614F50FCF7F321" box="[743,823,1894,1917]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pepita">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA1FFC6FD614F50FCF7F321" box="[743,823,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. pepita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Strait of Magellan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFA0FFC7FF0B48F9FD3BF4BA" blockId="9.[113,763,144,231]" box="[141,763,206,231]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FB8711FDFFA0FFC7FF0B48F9FD3BF4BA" box="[141,763,206,231]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFA0FFC7FF0B48F9FEADF4BB" ID-CoL="3RVHP" authorityName="A. Gould" authorityYear="1849" box="[141,365,207,231]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caliginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FF0B48F9FEADF4BB" box="[141,365,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Laevilitorina caliginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L4 –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="5A3610C2FFA0FFC7FE2548F9FD36F4BA" author="Gonzalez-Wevar CA & Segovia NI & Rosenfeld S" box="[419,758,206,231]" page="1527" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="2022">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFA0FFC7FE2548F9FD36F4BA" author="Gonzalez-Wevar" box="[419,758,206,231]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gonzalez-Wevar" page="1527" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1521 - 34" refId="ref12374" refString="Gonzalez-Wevar CA, Segovia NI, Rosenfeld S et al. Seven snail species hidden in one: biogeographic diversity in an apparently widespread periwinkle in the Southern Ocean. Journal of Biogeography 2022; 49: 1521 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 14453" year="2022">
|
||
González-Wevar
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FDD648F9FDBEF4BB" box="[592,638,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022: 1527
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="938D6558FFA0FFC7FE064931FDFAF102" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFA0FFC7FE064931FE2CF57C" blockId="9.[384,492,263,288]" box="[384,492,263,288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FE064931FE2CF57C" box="[384,492,263,288]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFA0FFC7FFF7491BFD12F6A7" blockId="9.[113,763,301,763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FFF7491BFF68F519" box="[113,168,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Shell:</emphasis>
|
||
Small (maximum height
|
||
<quantity id="1C6F9B36FFA0FFC7FE4C491BFDD2F519" box="[458,530,301,325]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFA0FFC7FDFB491BFD3AF519" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1886" box="[637,762,301,325]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FDFB491BFD3AF519" box="[637,762,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Laevilitorina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphology: fusiform, with rounded to almost convex whorls, suture impressed, concave spire profile, apex blunt (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AC2A56FFA0FFC7FD06495DFD2AF5DF" box="[640,746,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[183,1384,151,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-7@10.[181,1386,149,1812]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Laevilitorina venusta, Southern Ocean.Scale bars: 1 mm unless specified otherwise.A–G, variation in shell morphology and coloration of the species across its distribution in different provinces of the Southern Ocean.The specimens of L. venusta are from:Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula (A); Covandonga Bay, the Antarctic Peninsula (B); South Georgia (C); Marion Island (D); Crozet Island (E); Kerguelen Island (F); and Macquarie Island (G). H–J, radular morphology (SEM), showing a general view (H), rachidian (I), and rachidian from an individual from Antarctica showing small denticles (J). K, distributional pattern of L. venusta across the Southern Ocean." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14360786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14360786/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5A–G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aperture varies from rounded to ovoid, between 46% and 55% of total H (Supporting Information, Table S4). Macroscopic spiral and axial sculpture absent, but multiple fine growth lines cover shell. Columella smooth, inner lip barely reflected over narrow and shallow umbilicus, outer lip thin, simple and with no evidence of thickening. Teleoconch opaque, but the last whorl slightly translucent. Significant colour variability characterizes populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFA0FFC7FE884A51FEB2F622" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1886" box="[270,370,615,638]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FE884A51FEB2F622" box="[270,370,615,638]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ranging across dark red, grey, brown, dark brown, and black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AC2A56FFA0FFC7FEE74AB3FE0AF6C1" box="[353,458,645,669]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[183,1384,151,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-7@10.[181,1386,149,1812]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Laevilitorina venusta, Southern Ocean.Scale bars: 1 mm unless specified otherwise.A–G, variation in shell morphology and coloration of the species across its distribution in different provinces of the Southern Ocean.The specimens of L. venusta are from:Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula (A); Covandonga Bay, the Antarctic Peninsula (B); South Georgia (C); Marion Island (D); Crozet Island (E); Kerguelen Island (F); and Macquarie Island (G). H–J, radular morphology (SEM), showing a general view (H), rachidian (I), and rachidian from an individual from Antarctica showing small denticles (J). K, distributional pattern of L. venusta across the Southern Ocean." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14360786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14360786/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5A–G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some individuals uniformly coloured, others with small white spots, irregular in size and position. Operculum corneous. Mature H
|
||
<quantity id="1C6F9B36FFA0FFC7FE7D4AF2FDA3F687" box="[507,611,708,732]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="5.6" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.2">3.2–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(H/B = 1.21– 1.40, SH = 1.66–1.98) (Supporting Information, Table S4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFA0FFC7FFF74B2BFF6FF708" blockId="9.[113,762,797,852]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FFF74B2BFEEDF768" box="[113,301,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">External anatomy:</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral area of foot orange, cephalic area black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFA0FFC7FFF74B43FE26F09A" blockId="9.[113,763,885,1223]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FFF74B43FF01F7D1" box="[113,193,885,909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Radula:</emphasis>
|
||
Rachidian: five to seven cusps, the central cusp is long, rectangular and very rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AC2A56FFA0FFC7FE4C4BA3FDF3F7F0" box="[458,563,916,941]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[183,1384,151,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-7@10.[181,1386,149,1812]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Laevilitorina venusta, Southern Ocean.Scale bars: 1 mm unless specified otherwise.A–G, variation in shell morphology and coloration of the species across its distribution in different provinces of the Southern Ocean.The specimens of L. venusta are from:Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula (A); Covandonga Bay, the Antarctic Peninsula (B); South Georgia (C); Marion Island (D); Crozet Island (E); Kerguelen Island (F); and Macquarie Island (G). H–J, radular morphology (SEM), showing a general view (H), rachidian (I), and rachidian from an individual from Antarctica showing small denticles (J). K, distributional pattern of L. venusta across the Southern Ocean." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14360786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14360786/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5H–J</figureCitation>
|
||
), sometimes with a few small denticles at the end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AC2A56FFA0FFC7FE494B82FDD2F790" box="[463,530,948,972]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[183,1384,151,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-7@10.[181,1386,149,1812]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Laevilitorina venusta, Southern Ocean.Scale bars: 1 mm unless specified otherwise.A–G, variation in shell morphology and coloration of the species across its distribution in different provinces of the Southern Ocean.The specimens of L. venusta are from:Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula (A); Covandonga Bay, the Antarctic Peninsula (B); South Georgia (C); Marion Island (D); Crozet Island (E); Kerguelen Island (F); and Macquarie Island (G). H–J, radular morphology (SEM), showing a general view (H), rachidian (I), and rachidian from an individual from Antarctica showing small denticles (J). K, distributional pattern of L. venusta across the Southern Ocean." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14360786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14360786/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
|
||
); first pair of flanking cusps pointed; outer cusps may be present as low, pointed cusps. Lateral: six or seven cusps, main cusp largest, broadest and rounded, accompanied by two smaller, pointed outer cusps and three or four continuously smaller pointed inner cusps. Inner marginal: five or six cusps, main cusp pointed and rectangular, accompanied by one or two smaller, very pointed outer cusps and four pointed inner cusps of similar size. Outer marginal: eight or nine thin and pointed cusps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFA0FFC7FFF74CDEFDFAF102" blockId="9.[113,762,1256,1374]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FFF74CDEFF06F15C" box="[113,198,1256,1280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
Rocky intertidal to subtidal shores of the Antarctic Peninsula, the South Shetland Islands, and Signy Island, in addition to sub-Antarctic Islands including
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3807643FFA0FFC7FD814D11FD5FF163" box="[519,671,1319,1343]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Marion, Crozet, Kerguelen, and Macquarie (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AC2A56FFA0FFC7FE594D70FDE9F102" box="[479,553,1350,1374]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[183,1384,151,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-7@10.[181,1386,149,1812]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Laevilitorina venusta, Southern Ocean.Scale bars: 1 mm unless specified otherwise.A–G, variation in shell morphology and coloration of the species across its distribution in different provinces of the Southern Ocean.The specimens of L. venusta are from:Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula (A); Covandonga Bay, the Antarctic Peninsula (B); South Georgia (C); Marion Island (D); Crozet Island (E); Kerguelen Island (F); and Macquarie Island (G). H–J, radular morphology (SEM), showing a general view (H), rachidian (I), and rachidian from an individual from Antarctica showing small denticles (J). K, distributional pattern of L. venusta across the Southern Ocean." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14360786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14360786/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5K</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="938D6558FFA0FFC7FFF74D4DFABAF59E" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFA0FFC7FFF74D4DFABAF59E" blockId="9.[113,764,1403,1991]" lastBlockId="9.[810,1461,144,1108]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FFF74D4DFEE5F1CF" box="[113,293,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material studied:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="32494E5FFFA0FFC7FEBE4D4DFE1FF1CF" box="[312,479,1403,1427]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Penguin Island</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="3B4CACA9FFA0FFC7FE704D4DFDF3F1CF" box="[502,563,1403,1427]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">South</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1953F831FFA0FFC7FDC34D4DFD3AF1CF" box="[581,762,1403,1427]" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Shetland Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
(−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FF014DACFED0F1EE" box="[135,272,1434,1458]" degrees="62.103992" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-62.103992">62.103992°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, −
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FED34DACFE2CF1EE" box="[341,492,1434,1458]" degrees="57.939050" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-57.93905">57.939050°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); Arctowski Base, Admiralty Base,
|
||
<location id="DE486008FFA0FFC7FEA54D8FFE36F18D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533E87C5FFAEFFC7FC394DB1FAFEF00F:DE486008FFA0FFC7FEA54D8FFE36F18D" box="[291,502,1465,1489]" county="Penguin Island" latitude="-67.772224" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.89795" municipality="South" name="King George Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">King George Island</location>
|
||
, South
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1953F831FFA0FFC7FDCB4D8FFD3AF18D" box="[589,762,1465,1489]" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Shetland Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
(−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FF014DEEFED0F1AC" box="[135,272,1496,1520]" degrees="62.158336" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-62.158337">62.158336°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, −
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FEB44DEEFE08F1AC" box="[306,456,1496,1520]" degrees="58.467525" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-58.467525">58.467525°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
<location id="DE486008FFA0FFC7FE624DEEFD98F1AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533E87C5FFAEFFC7FC394DB1FAFEF00F:DE486008FFA0FFC7FE624DEEFD98F1AD" box="[484,600,1496,1521]" county="Penguin Island" latitude="-67.772224" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.89795" municipality="South" name="Fildes Bay" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">Fildes Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="DE486008FFA0FFC7FDEA4DEEFF71F24C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533E87C5FFAEFFC7FC394DB1FAFEF00F:DE486008FFA0FFC7FDEA4DEEFF71F24C" county="Penguin Island" latitude="-67.772224" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.89795" municipality="South" name="King George Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">King George Island</location>
|
||
, South
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1953F831FFA0FFC7FF7D4DCEFE62F24C" box="[251,418,1528,1552]" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Shetland Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
(−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FE3D4DCEFD85F24C" box="[443,581,1528,1552]" degrees="62.207967" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-62.207966">62.207967°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, −
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FDDC4DCEFD30F24C" box="[602,752,1528,1552]" degrees="58.956914" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-58.956913">58.956914°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FFF74E2EFFBEF273" box="[113,126,1560,1583]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 100; Rizopatrón Base, Coppermine Cove,
|
||
<location id="DE486008FFA0FFC7FDE54E21FD36F273" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533E87C5FFAEFFC7FC394DB1FAFEF00F:DE486008FFA0FFC7FDE54E21FD36F273" box="[611,758,1559,1583]" county="Penguin Island" latitude="-67.772224" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.89795" municipality="South" name="Robert Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">Robert Island</location>
|
||
, South
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1953F831FFA0FFC7FF434E01FEBEF213" box="[197,382,1591,1615]" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Shetland Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
(−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FE2F4E00FDF3F212" box="[425,563,1590,1614]" degrees="62.390567" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-62.390568">62.390567°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, −
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FDDD4E00FD30F212" box="[603,752,1590,1614]" degrees="59.659075" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-59.659077">59.659075°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FFF74E61FFBEF232" box="[113,126,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 50; Hannah Point,
|
||
<location id="DE486008FFA0FFC7FEFE4E60FD81F232" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533E87C5FFAEFFC7FC394DB1FAFEF00F:DE486008FFA0FFC7FEFE4E60FD81F232" box="[376,577,1622,1646]" county="Penguin Island" latitude="-67.772224" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.89795" municipality="South" name="Livingstone Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">Livingstone Island</location>
|
||
, South
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1953F831FFA0FFC7FD264E60FF79F2D1" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Shetland Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
(−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FF5B4E43FEA6F2D1" box="[221,358,1653,1677]" degrees="62.651181" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-62.65118">62.651181°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, −
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FE004E43FDDBF2D1" box="[390,539,1653,1677]" degrees="60.594664" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-60.594666">60.594664°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FDB24E40FD81F2D1" box="[564,577,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 50; Prat Base,
|
||
<location id="DE486008FFA0FFC7FFF54EA3FEF4F2F1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533E87C5FFAEFFC7FC394DB1FAFEF00F:DE486008FFA0FFC7FFF54EA3FEF4F2F1" box="[115,308,1685,1709]" county="Penguin Island" latitude="-67.772224" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.89795" municipality="South" name="Greenwich Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">Greenwich Island</location>
|
||
, South
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1953F831FFA0FFC7FE114EA3FD89F2F1" box="[407,585,1685,1709]" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Shetland Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
(−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FDE94EA2FD38F2F0" box="[623,760,1684,1708]" degrees="62.479594" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-62.479595">62.479594°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, −
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FFF94E82FED5F290" box="[127,277,1716,1740]" degrees="59.669044" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-59.669044">59.669044°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FEAD4E83FEF8F290" box="[299,312,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 100;
|
||
<location id="DE486008FFA0FFC7FE094E82FD86F290" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533E87C5FFAEFFC7FC394DB1FAFEF00F:DE486008FFA0FFC7FE094E82FD86F290" box="[399,582,1716,1740]" county="Penguin Island" latitude="-67.772224" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.89795" municipality="South" name="Deception Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">Deception Island</location>
|
||
, South
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1953F831FFA0FFC7FD264E82FF79F2B7" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Shetland Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
(−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FF614EE5FEB0F2B7" box="[231,368,1747,1771]" degrees="62.930139" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-62.930138">62.930139°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, −
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FE1C4EE5FDEFF2B7" box="[410,559,1747,1771]" degrees="60.606333" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-60.606335">60.606333°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FDD44EE2FD9FF2B7" box="[594,607,1748,1771]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 40;
|
||
<location id="DE486008FFA0FFC7FD314EE5FF7EF357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533E87C5FFAEFFC7FC394DB1FAFEF00F:DE486008FFA0FFC7FD314EE5FF7EF357" county="Penguin Island" latitude="-67.772224" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.89795" municipality="South" name="Yelcho Station" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">Yelcho Station</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="DE486008FFA0FFC7FF4B4EC5FEAFF357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533E87C5FFAEFFC7FC394DB1FAFEF00F:DE486008FFA0FFC7FF4B4EC5FEAFF357" box="[205,367,1779,1803]" county="Penguin Island" latitude="-67.772224" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.89795" municipality="South" name="Doumer Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">Doumer Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="DE486008FFA0FFC7FEF84EC5FE2DF357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533E87C5FFAEFFC7FC394DB1FAFEF00F:DE486008FFA0FFC7FEF84EC5FE2DF357" box="[382,493,1779,1803]" county="Penguin Island" latitude="-67.772224" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.89795" municipality="South" name="South Bay" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">South Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="DE486008FFA0FFC7FE7A4EC5FD4EF357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533E87C5FFAEFFC7FC394DB1FAFEF00F:DE486008FFA0FFC7FE7A4EC5FD4EF357" box="[508,654,1779,1803]" county="Penguin Island" latitude="-67.772224" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.89795" municipality="South" name="Anvers Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">Anvers Island</location>
|
||
, Antarctic Peninsula (−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FF714F24FE41F376" box="[247,385,1810,1834]" degrees="64.893792" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-64.89379">64.893792°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, −
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FE194F24FDF5F376" box="[415,565,1810,1834]" degrees="63.562572" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-63.562572">63.562572°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FDCB4F25FD9AF376" box="[589,602,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 50; Carvajal Base,
|
||
<location id="DE486008FFA0FFC7FF3E4F07FEA3F315" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533E87C5FFAEFFC7FC394DB1FAFEF00F:DE486008FFA0FFC7FF3E4F07FEA3F315" box="[184,355,1841,1865]" county="Penguin Island" latitude="-67.772224" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.89795" municipality="South" name="Adelaide Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">Adelaide Island</location>
|
||
, Antarctic Peninsula (−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FDE94F07FD38F315" box="[623,760,1841,1865]" degrees="67.761989" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-67.761986">67.761989°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, −
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FFF94F66FED4F334" box="[127,276,1872,1896]" degrees="68.915303" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-68.915306">68.915303°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FEB14F67FE84F334" box="[311,324,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 50;
|
||
<location id="DE486008FFA0FFC7FE1F4F67FDEBF335" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533E87C5FFAEFFC7FC394DB1FAFEF00F:DE486008FFA0FFC7FE1F4F67FDEBF335" box="[409,555,1873,1897]" county="Penguin Island" latitude="-67.772224" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.89795" municipality="South" name="Avian Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">Avian Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="DE486008FFA0FFC7FDC14F67FD37F335" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533E87C5FFAEFFC7FC394DB1FAFEF00F:DE486008FFA0FFC7FDC14F67FD37F335" box="[583,759,1873,1897]" county="Penguin Island" latitude="-67.772224" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-68.89795" municipality="South" name="Marguerite Bay" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Shetland Islands">Marguerite Bay</location>
|
||
, Antarctic Peninsula (−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FE1E4F46FDE1F3D4" box="[408,545,1904,1928]" degrees="67.772225" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-67.772224">67.772225°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, −
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FDDD4F46FD30F3D4" box="[603,752,1904,1928]" degrees="68.897947" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-68.89795">68.897947°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FFF74FA6FFBEF3FB" box="[113,126,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 100; O’Higgins Base, Covadonga Bay, Antarctic Peninsula (−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FF014F99FED0F39B" box="[135,272,1967,1991]" degrees="63.320436" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-63.320435">63.320436°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, −
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FEBE4F98FE0DF39A" box="[312,461,1966,1990]" degrees="57.898353" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-57.898354">57.898353°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FE684F99FE3BF39A" box="[494,507,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 80; Signy Research Station, Signy Island, South Orkneys Islands (−60.722839°S, −
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FCBE4899FC0DF49B" box="[824,973,175,199]" degrees="45.587817" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-45.58782">45.587817°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FC6F4886FC36F49B" box="[1001,1014,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 30; Cumberland Bay,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3807643FFA0FFC7FA944899FA73F49B" box="[1298,1459,175,199]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FCB948F8FC09F4BA" box="[831,969,206,230]" degrees="54.283364" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-54.283363">54.283364°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, −
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FC6748F8FBB6F4BA" box="[993,1142,206,230]" degrees="36.486956" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-36.486958">36.486956°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FB0148F9FB54F4BA" box="[1159,1172,207,230]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 100; Ships Cove, Marion Island (−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FC0048D8FBCFF55A" box="[902,1039,238,262]" degrees="46.854506" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-46.854507">46.854506°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, −
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FBAE48D8FB73F55A" box="[1064,1203,238,262]" degrees="37.845100" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="37.8451">37.845100°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FB4248D9FB11F55A" box="[1220,1233,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10; Baie American, Crozet Islands (−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FC6D493BFBB4F579" box="[1003,1140,269,293]" degrees="46.426181" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-46.42618">46.426181°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FB03493BFACFF579" box="[1157,1295,269,293]" degrees="51.861806" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="51.861805">51.861806°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FAA04938FAF3F579" box="[1318,1331,270,293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 50; Portaux-Français, Kerguelen Islands (−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FB0D491AFAD4F518" box="[1163,1300,300,324]" degrees="49.352733" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-49.352734">49.352733°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FA98491BFA68F519" box="[1310,1448,301,325]" degrees="70.218303" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="70.2183">70.218303°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FCAC497BFCF7F538" box="[810,823,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 100; Port Christmas, Kerguelen Islands (−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FAA0497AFA70F538" box="[1318,1456,332,356]" degrees="48.677607" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-48.67761">48.677607°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FCAC495DFC74F5DF" box="[810,948,363,387]" degrees="69.023604" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="69.023605">69.023604°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FC4D495AFC18F5DF" box="[971,984,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 30; Îles du Prince-de-Monaco, Kerguelen Islands (−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FC1449BDFBDCF5FF" box="[914,1052,395,419]" degrees="49.606278" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-49.606277">49.606278°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FBAC49BCFB74F5FE" box="[1066,1204,394,418]" degrees="69.235900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="69.2359">69.235900°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FB4C49BDFB17F5FE" box="[1226,1239,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 30; Garden Cove,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3807643FFA0FFC7FCAA499CFC1DF59E" box="[812,989,426,450]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Macquarie Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(−
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FC71499CFB41F59E" box="[1015,1153,426,450]" degrees="54.501287" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="-54.501286">54.501287°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA35014FFA0FFC7FB0F499CFAE0F59E" box="[1161,1312,426,450]" degrees="158.936221" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="1" value="158.93622">158.936221°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FAB6499DFAFDF59E" box="[1328,1341,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="938D6558FFA0FFC7FCAC49FFFAFEF00F" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2836D3FFA0FFC7FCAC49FFFAFEF00F" blockId="9.[810,1461,144,1108]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FCAC49FFFC40F5BD" box="[810,896,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: Several specimens in the study by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFA0FFC7FB7449FFFC51F65D" author="Gonzalez-Wevar" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gonzalez-Wevar" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1521 - 34" refId="ref12374" refString="Gonzalez-Wevar CA, Segovia NI, Rosenfeld S et al. Seven snail species hidden in one: biogeographic diversity in an apparently widespread periwinkle in the Southern Ocean. Journal of Biogeography 2022; 49: 1521 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 14453" year="2022">
|
||
González-Wevar
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FA2449FCFC83F65D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3807643FFA0FFC7FBA949DFFB04F65D" box="[1071,1220,489,513]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
that fell in the L4 clade of
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FCC14A3FFC25F67C" box="[839,997,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFA0FFC7FCC14A3FFC03F67C" authorityName="A. Gould" authorityYear="1849" box="[839,963,520,544]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caliginosa">L. caliginosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2D057BAFFA0FFC7FC4A4A3EFC25F67C" box="[972,997,520,544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were characterized by a short spire and 4.5 convex whorls, with the aperture height occupying little more than half of the total shell height; the columellar callus was sharp, white, and expanded towards the umbilicus (morphological characteristic highlighted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFA0FFC7FB2B4AB0FC9EF6E1" author="von Martens and Pfeffer" firstAuthor="von Martens" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="65 - 135" refId="ref14842" refString="von Martens E, Pfeffer G. Die Mollusken von Sud-Georgien nach der Ausbeute der Deutschen Station 1882 - 83. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschasslichen Anstalten 1886; 3: 65 - 135." type="journal article" year="1886">von Martens and Pfeffer 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), all features consistent with the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFA0FFC7FA194A93FBD3F680" authority="(Pfeffer, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Pfeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FA194A93FCB3F680" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. venusta</emphasis>
|
||
(Pfeffer, 1886)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="042C8871FFA0FFC7FB344AF2FB20F680" box="[1202,1248,708,732]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFA0FFC7FAD64AF3FA73F680" baseAuthorityName="Pfeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1360,1459,709,732]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FAD64AF3FA73F680" box="[1360,1459,709,732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3807643FFA0FFC7FCC54AD5FC1FF6A7" box="[835,991,739,763]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Thus, in this revision we conclude that the L4
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFA0FFC7FCD74B35FC76F747" authorityName="A. Gould" authorityYear="1849" box="[849,950,771,795]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caliginosa">
|
||
‘
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FCD14B35FC76F747" box="[855,950,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">caliginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ lineage of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFA0FFC7FBBE4B35FAB4F747" author="Gonzalez-Wevar" box="[1080,1396,771,795]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gonzalez-Wevar" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1521 - 34" refId="ref12374" refString="Gonzalez-Wevar CA, Segovia NI, Rosenfeld S et al. Seven snail species hidden in one: biogeographic diversity in an apparently widespread periwinkle in the Southern Ocean. Journal of Biogeography 2022; 49: 1521 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 14453" year="2022">
|
||
González-Wevar
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FB6D4B35FADFF747" box="[1259,1311,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is, in fact,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFA0FFC7FCDA4B15FC01F766" baseAuthorityName="Pfeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[860,961,803,826]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FCDA4B15FC01F766" box="[860,961,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The genetic data show that this species also includes populations from maritime
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3807643FFA0FFC7FB164B77FB3AF705" box="[1168,1274,833,857]" name="Antarctica" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(South Shetlands Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula), in addition to geographically distant sub-Antarctic Islands (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3807643FFA0FFC7FB364BB6FA91F7C4" box="[1200,1361,896,920]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Marion, Crozet, Kerguelen, and Macquarie).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFA0FFC7FB344BA9FA42F7EB" baseAuthorityName="Pfeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1202,1410,927,951]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="venusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FB344BA9FA42F7EB" box="[1202,1410,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Laevilitorina venusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FCAC4B89FC06F78A" box="[810,966,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFA0FFC7FCAC4B89FC64F78A" authorityName="A. Gould" authorityYear="1849" box="[810,932,958,982]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caliginosa">L. caliginosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2D057BAFFA0FFC7FC2D4B89FC06F78A" box="[939,966,959,982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFA0FFC7FB9F4B88FB26F78A" box="[1049,1254,958,982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FB9F4B88FB56F78A" box="[1049,1174,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Laevilitorina</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with broadest morphological variability and geographical distributions. We also include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFA0FFC7FCFB4BC8FACEF049" authority="(Melvill and Standen 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Melvill and Standen" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[893,1294,1021,1045]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coriacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FCFB4BC8FC27F049" box="[893,999,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. coriacea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFA0FFC7FC7E4BCBFAC3F049" author="Melvill and Standen" box="[1016,1283,1021,1045]" firstAuthor="Melvill" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref13185" refString="Melvill JC, Standen P. The Marine Mollusca of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, part I. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1907; 46: 119157." year="1907">Melvill and Standen 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3807643FFA0FFC7FCAC4C2AFC07F068" box="[810,967,1052,1076]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
as a synonym; previously (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF064B22FFA0FFC7FA8A4C2AFAB6F069" author="Engl" box="[1292,1398,1052,1077]" firstAuthor="Engl" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref11748" refString="Engl W. 2012. Shells of Antarctica. Hackenheim: ConchBooks." year="2012">Engl 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), this taxon was considered synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C974D50FFA0FFC7FB434C0BFAF8F008" authorityName="A. Gould" authorityYear="1849" box="[1221,1336,1084,1108]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Laevilitorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caliginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E3EAC1FFA0FFC7FB434C0BFAF8F008" box="[1221,1336,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L caliginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |