197 lines
21 KiB
XML
197 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="1D0BBB8065E4682579535AC83C2474E6" ID-CLB-Dataset="3608" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5067.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="59e0113f-90f0-4cc7-a332-7a8c7269435b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5677973" ID-ZooBank="FE8F2CB8-72EC-4A12-95AF-260F3C2941AB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1636527369303" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Xu, Yifan, Zheng, Bingyu, Fang, Hui, Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong & Wang, Yongjie" docDate="2021" docId="F70987CA151FFFB3A5B934D3FC1EFF27" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5067.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5067 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lichenipolystoechotes fenestratus Xu, Fang, Shih & Wang 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="65E67F61-A863-41F4-92EC-2BC07B1EFF91" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="262" masterDocId="0B30FFB2151CFFB7A52E3725FF88FFDE" masterDocTitle="New fossil giant lacewings from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of China (Neuroptera, Ithonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="259" pageNumber="262" updateTime="1699468132269" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="25F13A636ED4FCFDC62F0B1C171F5B0A">
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<mods:title id="2D5DAAFB04FCC59310443C153F53FA55">New fossil giant lacewings from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of China (Neuroptera, Ithonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6AD9370DA7AE831CBF54F3DF0F64158A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D5628966D3070AED3970CEF1EED21E36">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="719822C9028DAB7A40CD730822356AFB">Xu, Yifan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="375EE4983029C0FD93845DDFDDC939AD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8B722F078815AC6459C8D9F02D4DF956">Zheng, Bingyu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="DE8FB29EC9A0BF9DE500017BAC8561D1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D727DB8F130B6DD567AE5DFEFF9FB7C4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3C502F363D7544E00382CDECFB0DD832">Fang, Hui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0A50E0DF94A929CB44D9EE315ACFFB35" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2E44636645FE330A111960EE3024E856">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F6206D3AA953EC6612B66B16DA919C95">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CE6706EB677D70EA3481B3EEE1EE26E8">Shih, Chungkun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1F8745DD3273953884980BB7A1611C48">Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA Corresponding author. wangyongjie @ cnu. edu. cn</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="64E43274237BE03FB8DF9F082FE19169">Ren, Dong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="671C69548003866C490BEC5D7950B731">Wang, Yongjie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="70114DBB95B2F06AA55413D7566038A7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4D75E65FB560E86CC9D9DA26B48216FE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="43B891743E010C510BCD61F0D24D9047">
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<mods:date id="7920CE230C69EC5B5408D9C1BB2FB8B7">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="973E5B03544CD0F0D1039905FD8C107F">2021-11-10</mods:number>
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<treatment id="F70987CA151FFFB3A5B934D3FC1EFF27" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698943" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190302569" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698943" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:65E67F61-A863-41F4-92EC-2BC07B1EFF91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F70987CA151FFFB3A5B934D3FC1EFF27" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="262" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<subSubSection id="37BA6557151FFFB4A5B934D3FC35FBEB" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5B934D3FC46FBCF" blockId="3.[151,974,1014,1113]" box="[151,974,1014,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<heading id="245781B0151FFFB4A5B934D3FC46FBCF" bold="true" box="[151,974,1014,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5B934D3FC46FBCF" bold="true" box="[151,974,1014,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151FFFB4A5B934D3FCECFBCF" authority="Xu, Fang, Shih & Wang" authorityName="Xu, Fang, Shih & Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,868,1014,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Lichenipolystoechotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestratus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5B934D3FDB8FBCE" bold="true" box="[151,560,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Lichenipolystoechotes fenestratus</emphasis>
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Xu, Fang, Shih & Wang
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="56E757B5151FFFB4A65F34D2FC46FBCF" box="[881,974,1015,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5B9333FFC35FBEB" blockId="3.[151,974,1014,1113]" box="[151,957,1050,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<uri id="0B313ADE151FFFB4A5B9333FFC35FBEB" box="[151,957,1050,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="0B060C09151FFFB4A483333FFC35FBEB" box="[429,957,1050,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">65E67F61-A863-41F4-92EC-2BC07B1EFF91</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="37BA6557151FFFB4A5B9331AFE9AFB87" box="[151,274,1087,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5B9331AFE9AFB87" blockId="3.[151,974,1014,1113]" box="[151,274,1087,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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(
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<figureCitation id="E79B2A59151FFFB4A5B1331AFF67FB87" box="[159,239,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1310,1334]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1274]" captionTargetId="figure-72@4.[151,1436,273,1287]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lichenipolystoechotes fenestratus Xu, Fang, Shih & Wang, sp. nov. (A–B). (A) Holotype of L. fenestratus, CNU−NEU−NN2020003. (B) Overlay drawing of holotype of L. fenestratus, with forewing pattern. Scale bars: 5 mm in A–B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5677979/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E79B2A59151FFFB4A5D5331AFE81FB87" box="[251,265,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1546,1570]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,181,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lichenipolystoechotes fenestratus Xu, Fang, Shih & Wang, sp. nov. (A–B). (A) Paratype of L. fenestratus, CNU−NEU−NN2020004. (B) Overlay drawing of paratype of L. fenestratus, with forewing pattern. Scale bars: 5 mm in A–B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5677983/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="37BA6557151FFFB4A5B933A2FC82FB1B" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5B933A2FC82FB1B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1159,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5B933A2FE96FB7F" bold="true" box="[151,286,1159,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific name
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<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151FFFB4A72A33A2FDF7FB7F" authorityName="Xu, Fang, Shih & Wang" authorityYear="2021" box="[516,639,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Lichenipolystoechotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestratus">
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<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A72A33A2FDF7FB7F" box="[516,639,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">fenestratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a Latin word meaning “window-like”, referring to the diaphanous interior fenestrae in the forewing pattern of this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="37BA6557151FFFB4A5E933EBFC7CFAEF" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5E933EBFAA4FB37" blockId="3.[151,1437,1159,2013]" box="[199,1324,1230,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5E933EBFEBEFB36" bold="true" box="[199,310,1230,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Material.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="A01B887E151FFFB4A41333EAFE21FB37" box="[317,425,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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. CNU−NEU−NN2020003 (
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<figureCitation id="E79B2A59151FFFB4A7CC33EAFCAEFB37" box="[738,806,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1310,1334]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1274]" captionTargetId="figure-72@4.[151,1436,273,1287]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lichenipolystoechotes fenestratus Xu, Fang, Shih & Wang, sp. nov. (A–B). (A) Holotype of L. fenestratus, CNU−NEU−NN2020003. (B) Overlay drawing of holotype of L. fenestratus, with forewing pattern. Scale bars: 5 mm in A–B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5677979/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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);
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<typeStatus id="A01B887E151FFFB4A61233EAFC2AFB37" box="[828,930,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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. CNU−NEU−NN2020004 (
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<figureCitation id="E79B2A59151FFFB4A1F433EAFA96FB37" box="[1242,1310,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1546,1570]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,181,1504]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lichenipolystoechotes fenestratus Xu, Fang, Shih & Wang, sp. nov. (A–B). (A) Paratype of L. fenestratus, CNU−NEU−NN2020004. (B) Overlay drawing of paratype of L. fenestratus, with forewing pattern. Scale bars: 5 mm in A–B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5677983/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5E933D6FC7CFAEF" blockId="3.[151,1437,1159,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5E933D6FE74FAD2" bold="true" box="[199,508,1266,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Type locality and horizon.</emphasis>
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Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County,
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<collectingRegion id="BD64F83E151FFFB4A1B833D6FACFFAD3" box="[1174,1351,1267,1293]" country="China" name="Nei Mongol" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Inner Mongolia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="07B7764C151FFFB4A07C33D6FA10FAD3" box="[1362,1432,1267,1293]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">China</collectingCountry>
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; Jiulongshan Formation, Callovian-Oxfordian boundary, late Middle Jurassic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="37BA6557151FFFB4A5E9321FFB96FAA7" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5E9321FFB96FAA7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1159,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5E9321FFECAFA8A" bold="true" box="[199,322,1338,1364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Forewing broad, length-width ratio about 2.7; RP with about 36 branches; crossveins in radial sector rare except for two rows of outer and inner gradate series; RP1 deeply branched.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="37BA6557151FFFB4A5E932A7FDC2F893" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5E932A7FA0DF963" blockId="3.[151,1437,1159,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5E932A7FED1FA42" bold="true" box="[199,345,1410,1436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Description.</emphasis>
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Forewing oval shaped, about
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<quantity id="B8589B39151FFFB4A78532A6FD73FA43" box="[683,763,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
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long, and
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<quantity id="B8589B39151FFFB4A65F32A6FC4FFA43" box="[881,967,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" unit="mm" value="9.4">9.4 mm</quantity>
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wide; trichosors well-defined; membrane with the distinctive disruptive markings, forming 14–15 transparent fenestrae along the margin and five large fenestrae in the middle; humeral veinlet recurrent; costal crossveins mostly simple except for the distal part; ScA present; ScP and RA fused distally; the region between ScP and RA relatively narrow, no crossveins present in between; eleven crossveins preserved between RA–RP area; RP with 36 close-set branches; crossveins in RP area relatively scarce, only one outer gradate series completely present, and the inner gradate series also partly present; the first branch of RP forked deeply with several bifurcated branches; M bifurcated basally, forming relatively abundant pectinate branches distally; CuA branched in middle, forming ca. 10 oblique pectinate branches; CuP simply biforked once, with distal bifurcated branches; A1 and A2 well-developed, forked three times each; A3 residually present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB4A5E931E2FDC2F893" blockId="3.[151,1437,1159,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
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<materialsCitation id="CFC83C81151FFFB4A5E931E2FDCDF893" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400676301" collectionCode="RP" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="paratype">
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The
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<typeStatus id="A01B887E151FFFB4A5D731E2FED1F93F" box="[249,345,1735,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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shows a lighter membrane with similar markings. The venations of
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<typeStatus id="A01B887E151FFFB4A17F31E2FB3BF93F" box="[1105,1203,1735,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and
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<typeStatus id="A01B887E151FFFB4A1C731E2FAC1F93F" box="[1257,1353,1735,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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are basically the same with an exception of a plausible difference, i.e. the absence of gradate series of crossveins in
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<typeStatus id="A01B887E151FFFB4A04D31CEFF43F8F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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. However, this character is possibly not genuine because the crossveins in
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<collectionCode id="19B1AE19151FFFB4A10F302AFBCAF8F7" box="[1057,1090,1807,1833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">RP</collectionCode>
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area are commonly difficultly visible owing to the overlapped wings
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="37BA6557151FFFB3A5E93072FC1EFF27" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F1F36DC151FFFB3A5E93072FC1EFF27" blockId="3.[151,1437,1159,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A5E93072FEB3F8AF" bold="true" box="[199,315,1879,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species can be easily attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151FFFB4A6633072FBCEF8AF" authorityName="Fang, Zheng & Wang" authorityYear="2020" box="[845,1094,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Lichenipolystoechotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A6633072FBCEF8AF" box="[845,1094,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Lichenipolystoechotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the typical markings and highly similar venation, i.e. the length of the wing, the presence of complicated disruptive markings and diverse fenestrae in forewing, the similar configurations of M branches, the multi-branched CuA with 7−11 branches and the bifurcated CuP (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B314B2D151FFFB4A45B30E6FDBFF803" author="Fang, H. & Labandeira, C. C. & Ma, Y. M. & Zheng, B. Y. & Ren, D. & Wei, X. L. & Liu, J. X. & Wang, Y. J." box="[373,567,1987,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" pagination="59007" refId="ref3585" refString="Fang, H., Labandeira, C. C., Ma, Y. M., Zheng, B. Y., Ren, D., Wei, X. L., Liu, J. X. & Wang, Y. J. (2020) Lichen mimesis in mid- Mesozoic lacewings. eLife, 9, e 59007. https: // doi. org / 10.7554 / eLife. 59007" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Fang
|
||
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB4A49B30E6FE65F803" box="[437,493,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, the new species can be differentiated from the known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F151FFFB3A01130E6FE1BFF6F" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Lichenipolystoechotes" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="263" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="262" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE151FFFB3A01130E6FEB4FF6F" italics="true" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="3" pageNumber="262">Lichenipolystoechotes</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the number of RP branches (36 branches in the new species vs.
|
||
<quantity id="B8589B391518FFB3A15237B2FB3CFF6F" box="[1148,1204,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="4" pageNumber="263" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F1518FFB3A19437B2FA15FF6F" authorityName="Fang, Zheng & Wang" authorityYear="2020" box="[1210,1437,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Lichenipolystoechotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE1518FFB3A19437B2FA15FF6F" box="[1210,1437,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">L. angustimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 22 branches in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8A04D5F1518FFB3A441379EFDBDFF0B" authorityName="Fang, Ma & Wang" authorityYear="2020" box="[367,565,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Lichenipolystoechotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="263" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DD4EACE1518FFB3A441379EFDBDFF0B" box="[367,565,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="263">L. ramimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In addition, the branched pattern of the first branch of RP in the new species is also different from other species with more complicated branches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |