536 lines
64 KiB
XML
536 lines
64 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E88FA2EE1BAA12281550C99F9F10AC57">Review of the Palaearctic genera of Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae)</mods:title>
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species:
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFEA09546375FC0DCCF5FC02" box="[546,735,1002,1020]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="118">Saprinus metallescens</emphasis>
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, designated by
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.
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FFEA09546126FBF8CF84FBCF" author="REICHARDT A." box="[113,430,1054,1074]" page="14" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" year="1926">
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<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFEA09546126FBF8CEC0FBCF" box="[113,234,1055,1073]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="118">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA095461A2FBF8CFA5FBCF" author="REICHARDT A." box="[245,399,1054,1074]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" pagination="12 - 18" refId="ref120278" refString="REICHARDT A. 1926: Uber die mit Pachylopus verwandten Arten. Entomologische Blatter 22: 12 - 18." type="journal article" year="1926">REICHARDT (1926)</bibRefCitation>
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: 14
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FFEA095460EFFBF8CC5BFBCF" author="REICHARDT A." box="[440,625,1054,1074]" page="28" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" year="1932">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA095460EFFBF8CC78FBCF" author="REICHARDT A." box="[440,594,1054,1074]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref120352" refString="REICHARDT A. 1932: Beitrage zur einer Monographie der Saprininae (Coleoptera, Histeridae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologische Museum in Berlin 18: 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1932">REICHARDT (1932)</bibRefCitation>
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: 28
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, 96;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FFEA095463CDFBF8CD74FBCF" author="REICHARDT A." box="[666,862,1054,1074]" page="156" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" year="1941">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA095463CDFBF8CD1FFBCF" author="REICHARDT A." box="[666,821,1054,1074]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" refId="ref120382" refString="REICHARDT A. 1941: Semeystva Sphaeritidae i Histeridae (Vol. 1). [Families Sphaeritidae and Histeridae]. Fauna SSSR, Nasekomye Zhestokrylye, V, 3. Nauka, Moskva-Leningrad, xiii + 419 pp." type="book" year="1941">REICHARDT (1941)</bibRefCitation>
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: 156
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 280;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FFEA095462C5FBF8CE99FBB2" author="PEYERIMHOFF P." page="228" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" year="1936">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA095462C5FBF8CA17FBCF" author="PEYERIMHOFF P." box="[914,1085,1054,1074]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" pagination="213 - 228" refId="ref119927" refString="PEYERIMHOFF P. 1936: Les Saprinines Sabulicoles du Nord de l'Afrique (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte 20: 213 - 228." type="journal article" year="1936">PEYERIMHOFF (1936)</bibRefCitation>
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: 228
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FFEA095461EBFBDECF57FBB2" author="WITZGALL K." box="[188,381,1081,1100]" page="173" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" year="1971">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA095461EBFBDECF78FBB2" author="WITZGALL K." box="[188,338,1081,1100]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" refId="ref122533" refString="WITZGALL K. 1971: Histeroidea. Pp. 156 - 189. In: FREUDE H., HARDE K. W. & LOHSE G. A. (eds.): Die Kafer Mitteleuropas, Band 3, Adephaga 2, Palpicornia, Histeroidea, Staphylinoidea 1. Goecke & Evers in Gustav Fischer Verlag, Krefeld, 365 pp." type="book" year="1971">WITZGALL (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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: 173
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FFEA095460D0FBDECC0CFBB2" author="MAZUR S." box="[391,550,1081,1100]" page="27" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" year="1973">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA095460D0FBDECC2CFBB2" author="MAZUR S." box="[391,518,1081,1100]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" refId="ref118330" refString="MAZUR S. 1973: Sphaeritidae i gniliki Histeridae. [Sphaeritidae and Histeridae]. Klucze do oznaczania owadow Polski. [Key to the identification of Polish insects]. Vol. XIX, part 11 - 12. Polish Entomological Society, Warszawa, 74 pp (in Polish)" type="book" year="1973">MAZUR (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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: 27
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, 37;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FFEA09546305FBDECD92FBB2" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[594,952,1081,1100]" page="111" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA09546305FBDECDA6FBB2" author="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N." box="[594,908,1081,1100]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" refId="ref117064" refString="KRYZHANOVSKIJ O. L. & REICHARDT A. N. 1976: Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="1976">KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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: 111
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 201;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FFEA095462B9FBDECF0EFB99" author="MAZUR S. & KASZAB Z." page="7" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" year="1980">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA095462B9FBDECF3AFB99" author="MAZUR S. & KASZAB Z." pageId="125" pageNumber="118" refId="ref118755" refString="MAZUR S. & KASZAB Z. 1980: Sutabogarak - Histeridae. 14. Fuzet. Fauna Hungariae. 138. VII Kotet. Academic Press, Budapest, 123 pp (In Hungarian)" type="book" year="1980">MAZUR & KASZAB (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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: 7
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 52;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FFEA0954601AFBB3CFDEFB99" author="VIENNA P." box="[333,500,1108,1127]" page="116" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" year="1980">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA0954601AFBB3CFE1FB99" author="VIENNA P." box="[333,459,1108,1127]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" refId="ref122194" refString="VIENNA P. 1980: Fauna d'Italia. Vol. XVI. Coleoptera Histeridae. Bologna, Calderini Press, ix + 386 pp." type="book" year="1980">
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<collectingRegion id="49E8EEAAFFEA0954601AFBB3CFA0FB9B" box="[333,394,1108,1127]" country="Austria" name="Wien" pageId="125" pageNumber="118">VIENNA</collectingRegion>
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(1980)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 116
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, 171;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FFEA09546370FBB3CCE1FB99" author="MAZUR S." box="[551,715,1108,1127]" page="71" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" year="1981">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA09546370FBB3CC87FB99" author="MAZUR S." box="[551,685,1108,1127]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" refId="ref118463" refString="MAZUR S. 1981 a: Histeridae - Gnilikowate (Insecta: Coleoptera). Fauna Polski, Tom 9. Polish Entomological Society, Warszawa, 206 pp (In Polish)" type="book" year="1981">MAZUR (1981a)</bibRefCitation>
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: 71
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|
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, 96;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FFEA095463A4FBB3CDA5FB99" author="MAZUR S." box="[755,911,1108,1127]" page="83" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA095463A4FBB3CD45FB99" author="MAZUR S." box="[755,879,1108,1127]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 376" refId="ref118519" refString="MAZUR S. 1984: A world catalogue of Histeridae. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 54 (3 - 4): 1 - 376." type="journal article" year="1984">MAZUR (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 83
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FFEA095462C0FBB3CA14FB99" author="MAZUR S." box="[919,1086,1108,1127]" page="249" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA095462C0FBB3CA3EFB99" author="MAZUR S." box="[919,1044,1108,1127]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref118633" refString="MAZUR S. 1997: A world catalogue of the Histeridae (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Genus, Supplement, pp. 1 - 373." type="book chapter" year="1997">MAZUR (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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: 249
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FFEA095461C7FB88CF62FB7F" author="YELAMOS T." box="[144,328,1134,1154]" page="245" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA095461C7FB88CF34FB7F" author="YELAMOS T." box="[144,286,1134,1154]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" refId="ref122718" refString="YELAMOS T. 2002: Coleoptera, Histeridae. In: RAMOS M. A., TERCEDOR J. A, BELLES-ROS X., GOSAL- BEZ-NOGUERA J., SIERRA A. G., MAYOL E. M., PIERA F. M., MARINO J. S. & GONZALEZ J. T. (eds.): Fauna Iberica. Vol. 17. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSCI, Madrid, 411 pp." type="book" year="2002">YÉLAMOS (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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: 245
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, 308;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8D0659FFEA0954602BFB88CC33FB7F" author="MAZUR S." box="[380,537,1134,1154]" page="93" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA0954602BFB88CFD3FB7F" author="MAZUR S." box="[380,505,1134,1154]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" pagination="68 - 102" refId="ref118682" refString="MAZUR S. 2004: Family Histeridae. Pp. 68 - 102. In: LOBL I. & SMETANA A. (eds.): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 2, Hydrophiloidea-Histeroidea-Staphylinidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 942 pp." type="book chapter" year="2004">MAZUR (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 93
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FFEA09566126FB7DCF68FEED" lastPageId="127" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FFEA09546126FB7DCD0CF9CC" blockId="125.[113,1089,1178,1586]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFEA09546126FB7DCECFFB4C" bold="true" box="[113,229,1178,1202]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Cuticle often metallic, elytra never with red maculae; body size between 1.20–3.00 mm, in most cases smaller than
|
||
<quantity id="4CD48DADFFEA09546096FB5DCC3FFB2F" box="[449,533,1210,1234]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Antennal scape never extremely dilated and/or thickened; antennal club without visible articulation. Frontal stria never interrupted; supraorbital stria at times lacking; frontal disc punctate, never smooth and/or with several deep rugae (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFEA095461DBFAFCCF24FACC" authorityName="C. Thomson" authorityYear="1867" box="[140,270,1307,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFEA095461DBFAFCCF24FACC" box="[140,270,1307,1330]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="118">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Eyes always visible from above. Pronotum without pronotal foveae, pronotal disc usually with punctation at least laterally, never entirely smooth. Marginal pronotal stria usually complete, lateral pronotal stria always absent; disc of pronotum very convex, so that lateral margins are not observable along their entire length (seen from dorsal view). Prosternum in most cases with pre-apical foveae (apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFEA095463B0FA7CCF02FA2C" authority="(Marseul, 1862))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Marseul" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solieri" subGenus="Colpellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFEA095463B0FA7CCD57FA4C" box="[743,893,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="118">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFEA095462DDFA7CCDC5FA4C" box="[906,1007,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="118">Colpellus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFEA095462AAFA7CCA6BFA4C" box="[1021,1089,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="118">solieri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA0954612EFA5DCF3FFA2C" author="MARSEUL S. A." box="[121,277,1466,1490]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" pagination="677 - 758" refId="ref118029" refString="MARSEUL S. A. 1862: Supplement a la monographie des Histerides. (Suite). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 4 3: 83 - 165, 327 - 506, 677 - 758." type="journal article" year="1862">Marseul, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; both sets of prosternal striae present. Basal area of metaventrite rarely (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFEA09546126FA3CCC41FA0C" authority="(Schmidt, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[113,619,1498,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baudii" subGenus="Nessus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFEA09546126FA3CCF22FA0C" box="[113,264,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="118">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFEA0954604FFA3CCF48FA0C" box="[280,354,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="118">Nessus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFEA09546025FA3CCF9CFA0C" box="[370,438,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="118">baudii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA09546092FA3DCC4EFA0C" author="SCHMIDT J." box="[453,612,1498,1522]" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" pagination="81 - 87" refId="ref121039" refString="SCHMIDT J. 1890: Neun neue Saprinus aus der Gruppe des metallescens und rufipes. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1890: 81 - 87." type="journal article" year="1890">Schmidt, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFEA095463D8FA3CCE82F9EC" authority="Reichardt, 1932" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balux" subGenus="Nessus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFEA095463D8FA3CCD0CFA0C" box="[655,806,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="118">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFEA09546261FA3CCDAAFA0C" box="[822,896,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="118">Nessus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFEA095462C7FA3CCDE1FA0C" box="[912,971,1499,1522]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="118">balux</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFEA09546285FA3DCE82F9EC" author="REICHARDT A." pageId="125" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref120352" refString="REICHARDT A. 1932: Beitrage zur einer Monographie der Saprininae (Coleoptera, Histeridae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologische Museum in Berlin 18: 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1932">Reichardt, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with two large tubercles. Protibia usually moderately dilated, outer margin with 6–16 teeth; mesotibia and metatibia usually not particularly thickened.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FFE9095761C0FF3CCDE9FBED" blockId="126.[151,1127,219,1587]" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095761C0FF3CCFA7FF0D" bold="true" box="[151,397,219,243]" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095760C6FF3BCC0CFF0D" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[401,550,220,243]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095760C6FF3BCC0CFF0D" box="[401,550,220,243]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to the presumably closely related genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095761C0FF1BCF01FEED" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,299,252,275]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Chalcionellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095761C0FF1BCF01FEED" box="[151,299,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Chalcionellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576060FF1BCF91FEED" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[311,443,252,275]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576060FF1BCF91FEED" box="[311,443,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095760BCFF1BCC53FEED" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[491,633,252,275]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Paravolvulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095760BCFF1BCC53FEED" box="[491,633,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Paravolvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Actually,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095763BBFF1BCD5AFEED" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[748,880,252,275]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095763BBFF1BCD5AFEED" box="[748,880,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095762F7FF1BCA04FEED" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[928,1070,252,275]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Paravolvulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095762F7FF1BCA04FEED" box="[928,1070,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Paravolvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were once included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE90957601EFEFBCFCAFECD" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[329,480,284,307]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE90957601EFEFBCFCAFECD" box="[329,480,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in several cases the delimitations between several species included in them and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576025FEDBCC2CFEAD" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[370,518,316,339]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576025FEDBCC2CFEAD" box="[370,518,316,339]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not clear-cut.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095763EBFEDBCD67FEAD" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1941" box="[700,845,316,339]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Chalcionellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095763EBFEDBCD67FEAD" box="[700,845,316,339]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Chalcionellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576285FEDBCA4CFEAD" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[978,1126,316,339]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576285FEDBCA4CFEAD" box="[978,1126,316,339]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly by the well-developed pronotal foveae; however, not all taxa included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576283FEBBCA4CFE8D" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1941" box="[980,1126,348,371]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Chalcionellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576283FEBBCA4CFE8D" box="[980,1126,348,371]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Chalcionellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess them. In cases, where there are no pronotal foveae present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576229FE9BCA38FE6D" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1941" box="[894,1042,380,403]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Chalcionellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576229FE9BCA38FE6D" box="[894,1042,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Chalcionellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, frontal stria is prolonged onto the clypeus (occasionally clypeus and/or anterior part of frontal disc are depressed) and the body is metallic. From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095763DFFE5BCD26FE2D" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[648,780,444,467]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095763DFFE5BCD26FE2D" box="[648,780,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this genus differs chiefly by the shape of protibia and number of teeth on its outer margin: protibia in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095762DDFE3BCA24FE0D" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[906,1038,476,499]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095762DDFE3BCA24FE0D" box="[906,1038,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more dilated than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576078FE1BCFEFFDED" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[303,453,508,531]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576078FE1BCFEFFDED" box="[303,453,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and it is usually furnished with 4–6 low, broad teeth, topped with tiny slender denticle (whereas the outer margin of protibia in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE90957624EFDFBCD9AFDCD" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[793,944,540,563]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE90957624EFDFBCD9AFDCD" box="[793,944,540,563]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is furnished with 6–15 low teeth topped with short denticle) and the pronotum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576269FDDBCDE8FDAD" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[830,962,572,595]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576269FDDBCDE8FDAD" box="[830,962,572,595]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only slightly convex so that its lateral margins are visible along their entire length (seen from dorsal view). Furthermore, the eyes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095760F6FD9BCC0FFD6D" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[417,549,636,659]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095760F6FD9BCC0FFD6D" box="[417,549,636,659]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more convex than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576266FD9BCDE2FD6D" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[817,968,636,659]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576266FD9BCDE2FD6D" box="[817,968,636,659]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the elytral surface is often imbricate. Pre-apical foveae are also considerably less developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095762A8FD7BCE96FD2D" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095762A8FD7BCE96FD2D" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in several species they are even absent. Sutural elytral stria, especially on its apical half is strongly carinate in many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576323FD3BCCD2FD0D" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[628,760,732,755]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576323FD3BCCD2FD0D" box="[628,760,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and it is rarely basally connected with fourth dorsal elytral stria (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095760ACFD1BCCB8FCED" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[507,658,764,787]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095760ACFD1BCCB8FCED" box="[507,658,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the sutural elytral stria is rarely carinate and it is often connected with the fourth dorsal elytral stria).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095763BBFCFBCD5AFCCD" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[748,880,796,819]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Pholioxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095763BBFCFBCD5AFCCD" box="[748,880,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Pholioxenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a typical inquilinous taxon with all of its known Palaearctic species inhabiting burrows of rodents – this behavior is more an exception than a rule in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576351FCBBCCB7FC8D" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[518,669,860,883]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576351FCBBCCB7FC8D" box="[518,669,860,883]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Another presumably closely related genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095761C0FC9BCF0FFC6D" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,293,892,915]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Paravolvulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095761C0FC9BCF0FFC6D" box="[151,293,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Paravolvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE90957631EFC9BCCCAFC6D" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[585,736,892,915]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE90957631EFC9BCCCAFC6D" box="[585,736,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with usually interrupted frontal stria and often present lateral pronotal stria; in several cases the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095762D6FC7BCA25FC4D" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[897,1039,924,947]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Paravolvulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095762D6FC7BCA25FC4D" box="[897,1039,924,947]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Paravolvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess red maculae on their elytra (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095760A9FC5BCDAFFC2D" authority="Schmidt, 1885 a" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1885" box="[510,901,955,979]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Paravolvulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095760A9FC5BCCFAFC2D" box="[510,720,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Paravolvulus fausti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFE90957638EFC5CCDAFFC2D" author="SCHMIDT J." box="[729,901,955,979]" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" pagination="279 - 330" refId="ref120947" refString="SCHMIDT J. 1885 a: Bestimmungs-Tabellen der europaischen Coleopteren. XIV. Histeridae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitung 29: 279 - 330." type="journal article" year="1885">Schmidt, 1885a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which is unseen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095761C0FC3BCF04FC0D" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,302,988,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095761C0FC3BCF04FC0D" box="[151,302,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The cuticle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576086FC3BCC75FC0D" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[465,607,988,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Paravolvulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576086FC3BCC75FC0D" box="[465,607,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Paravolvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually not metallic, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576298FC3BCA4CFC0D" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[975,1126,988,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576298FC3BCA4CFC0D" box="[975,1126,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it often is, and eyes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095760DFFC1BCC3CFBED" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[392,534,1020,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Paravolvulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095760DFFC1BCC3CFBED" box="[392,534,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Paravolvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more convex than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576272FC1BCD96FBED" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[805,956,1020,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576272FC1BCD96FBED" box="[805,956,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FFE9095661E2FBFCCF68FEED" blockId="126.[151,1127,219,1587]" lastBlockId="127.[113,1089,219,883]" lastPageId="127" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">
|
||
There are several more genera that could also be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576224FBFBCA20FBCD" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[883,1034,1052,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576224FBFBCA20FBCD" box="[883,1034,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE90957654DFBFBCA4AFBCD" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[1050,1120,1052,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Zorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE90957654DFBFBCA4AFBCD" box="[1050,1120,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Zorius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095761C0FBDBCED9FBAD" authorityName=": MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,243,1084,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Axelinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095761C0FBDBCED9FBAD" box="[151,243,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Axelinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576054FBDBCF52FBAD" authorityName="Kryzhanovskij" authorityYear="1974" box="[259,376,1084,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Saprinillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576054FBDBCF52FBAD" box="[259,376,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Saprinillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in the case of subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576395FBDBCD26FBAD" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[706,780,1084,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nessus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576395FBDBCD26FBAD" box="[706,780,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Nessus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
even with species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095761C0FBBBCF33FB8D" authorityName="C. Thomson" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,281,1116,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095761C0FBBBCF33FB8D" box="[151,281,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE90957635CFBBBCC7BFB8D" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[523,593,1116,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Zorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE90957635CFBBBCC7BFB8D" box="[523,593,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Zorius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
generally differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576217FBBBCDFDFB8D" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[832,983,1116,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576217FBBBCDFDFB8D" box="[832,983,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the larger body size and elevated anterior margin of clypeus, furthermore, the pre-apical foveae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095761C0FB7BCEF7FB4D" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,221,1180,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Zorius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095761C0FB7BCEF7FB4D" box="[151,221,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Zorius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are absent, whereas they are almost universally present in
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576234FB7BCA28FB4D" box="[867,1026,1180,1203]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576234FB7BCDD4FB4D" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[867,1022,1180,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypocacculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The sole taxon included in genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095760CAFB5BCFD3FB2D" authorityName=": MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[413,505,1212,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Axelinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095760CAFB5BCFD3FB2D" box="[413,505,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Axelinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576351FB5BCCACFB2D" authorityName="Kryzhanovskij, 1976 in KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT" authorityYear="1976" baseAuthorityName="Kryzhanovskij" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[518,646,1212,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Axelinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ghilarovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576351FB5BCCACFB2D" box="[518,646,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">A. ghilarovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differs from all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095762F9FB5BCA6FFB2D" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[942,1093,1212,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095762F9FB5BCA6FFB2D" box="[942,1093,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by widely interrupted frontal stria, rugulose-lacunose frontal disc and by the shape of protibia: in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095761C0FB1BCF71FAED" authorityName="Kryzhanovskij, 1976 in KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT" authorityYear="1976" baseAuthorityName="Kryzhanovskij" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[151,347,1276,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Axelinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ghilarovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095761C0FB1BCF71FAED" box="[151,347,1276,1299]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Axelinus ghilarovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is with three triangular teeth topped with short broad denticle, followed by two minute denticles and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE90957608DFAFBCC5AFACD" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[474,624,1308,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE90957608DFAFBCC5AFACD" box="[474,624,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the teeth of protibia are usually more numerous. Another very similar genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE90957609DFADBCC15FAAD" authorityName="Kryzhanovskij" authorityYear="1974" box="[458,575,1340,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Saprinillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE90957609DFADBCC15FAAD" box="[458,575,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Saprinillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576382FADBCD46FAAD" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[725,876,1340,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576382FADBCD46FAAD" box="[725,876,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
likewise by the widely interrupted frontal stria, more cylindrical body and the shape of protibia that in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095761C0FA9BCF26FA6D" authorityName="Kryzhanovskij" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,268,1404,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Saprinillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095761C0FA9BCF26FA6D" box="[151,268,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Saprinillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears only denticles and never articulated teeth. Taxa included in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095761C0FA7BCECBFA4D" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,225,1436,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nessus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095761C0FA7BCECBFA4D" box="[151,225,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Nessus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576025FA7BCC23FA4D" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[370,521,1436,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576025FA7BCC23FA4D" box="[370,521,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess similarly structured frontal disc as some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE9095761E1FA5BCF12FA2D" authorityName="C. Thomson" authorityYear="1867" box="[182,312,1468,1491]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE9095761E1FA5BCF12FA2D" box="[182,312,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(frontal disc with numerous coarse rugae), but their body size is generally smaller than that of the most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576083FA3BCC7CFA0D" authorityName="C. Thomson" authorityYear="1867" box="[468,598,1500,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576083FA3BCC7CFA0D" box="[468,598,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, and the frontal stria of subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE90957654BFA3BCA4CFA0D" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[1052,1126,1500,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nessus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE90957654BFA3BCA4CFA0D" box="[1052,1126,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Nessus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similarly strongly carinate and straight. According to Mazur (pers. comm. 2008),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE90957654BFA1BCA4CF9ED" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[1052,1126,1532,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nessus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE90957654BFA1BCA4CF9ED" box="[1052,1126,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Nessus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ought to be synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE909576088F9FBCC4BF9CD" authorityName="C. Thomson" authorityYear="1867" box="[479,609,1564,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE909576088F9FBCC4BF9CD" box="[479,609,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="123">Hypocaccus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, the two taxa should be first compared using modern phylogenetical methods at the species level, something that is beyond the scope of this paper.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FFE809566126FEFCCDD1FE8D" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FFE809566126FEFCCDD1FE8D" blockId="127.[113,1089,219,883]" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE809566126FEFCCEE4FECD" bold="true" box="[113,206,283,307]" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE809566020FEFACC24FECA" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[375,526,285,308]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE809566020FEFACC24FECA" box="[375,526,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are typically collected on carrion and in dung in dry and arid places. Several species (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE809566359FEDACA13FEAA" authority="Reichardt, 1932" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[526,1081,315,340]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremobius" subGenus="Nessus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE809566359FEDACC8FFEAA" box="[526,677,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE8095663E0FEDACD2BFEAA" box="[695,769,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Nessus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE809566244FEDACDA8FEAA" box="[787,898,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">eremobius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFE8095662DCFEDCCA13FEAA" author="REICHARDT A." box="[907,1081,315,340]" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref120352" refString="REICHARDT A. 1932: Beitrage zur einer Monographie der Saprininae (Coleoptera, Histeridae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologische Museum in Berlin 18: 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1932">Reichardt, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) appear to be true psammophiles with their corresponding morphological adaptations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FFE809566126FE9CCA15FD8A" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FFE809566126FE9CCA15FD8A" blockId="127.[113,1089,219,883]" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE809566126FE9CCF2EFE6D" bold="true" box="[113,260,379,403]" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This genus is distributed mostly in the Palaearctic and Afrotropical Regions, with several representatives known also from Indo-Malayan Subregion.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE80956620BFE7ACFEAFE2D" authority="(Marseul, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Marseul" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyla" subGenus="Hypocacculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE80956620BFE7ACDDBFE4A" box="[860,1009,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE8095662A8FE7ACEE4FE2A" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE809566189FE5ACF26FE2A" box="[222,268,445,468]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">hyla</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFE80956604CFE5CCF92FE2D" author="MARSEUL S. A." box="[283,440,443,467]" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" pagination="341 - 368" refId="ref118071" refString="MARSEUL S. A. 1864: Especes d'Histerides nouvelles ou publies depuis la Supplement a la monographie, appartenant a l'Europe ou au Bassin de la Mediterranee. L'Abeille 1: 341 - 368." type="journal article" year="1864">Marseul, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded as far as New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B60D8FFE809566271FE5CCD5CFE2D" box="[806,886,443,467]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, enriching thus the Australopacific Region;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE809566022FE3ACA32FE0D" authority="(Schmidt, 1885 a)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[373,1048,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interpunctatus" subGenus="Hypocacculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE809566022FE3ACC26FE0A" box="[373,524,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE80956634CFE3ACC98FE0A" box="[539,690,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE809566397FE3ACD70FE0A" box="[704,858,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">interpunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFE809566230FE3CCA3AFE0D" author="SCHMIDT J." box="[871,1040,475,499]" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" pagination="279 - 330" refId="ref120947" refString="SCHMIDT J. 1885 a: Bestimmungs-Tabellen der europaischen Coleopteren. XIV. Histeridae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitung 29: 279 - 330." type="journal article" year="1885">Schmidt, 1885a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been introduced into
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B60D8FFE809566004FE1CCF9FFDED" box="[339,437,507,531]" name="Australia" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFE809566094FE1BCC64FDEA" author="MAZUR S." box="[451,590,508,532]" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref118633" refString="MAZUR S. 1997: A world catalogue of the Histeridae (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Genus, Supplement, pp. 1 - 373." type="book chapter" year="1997">MAZUR 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This genus consists of five subgenera, two of which (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE809566193FDFACC3FFDCA" authority="Reichardt, 1932" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[196,533,539,564]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Nannolepidius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE809566193FDFACF4AFDCA" box="[196,352,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Nannolepidius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFE80956603EFDFCCC3FFDCA" author="REICHARDT A." box="[361,533,539,564]" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref120352" refString="REICHARDT A. 1932: Beitrage zur einer Monographie der Saprininae (Coleoptera, Histeridae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologische Museum in Berlin 18: 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1932">Reichardt, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE80956631AFDFACDBFFDCA" authority="Reichardt, 1932" authorityName="Reichardt" authorityYear="1932" box="[589,917,539,564]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Toxometopon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE80956631AFDFACCF4FDCA" box="[589,734,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Toxometopon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFE8095663B0FDFCCDBFFDCA" author="REICHARDT A." box="[743,917,539,564]" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref120352" refString="REICHARDT A. 1932: Beitrage zur einer Monographie der Saprininae (Coleoptera, Histeridae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologische Museum in Berlin 18: 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1932">Reichardt, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are monotypic and confined to the Afrotropical Region.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE80956637FFDDACC95FDAA" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[552,703,573,596]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE80956637FFDDACC95FDAA" box="[552,703,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is absent in New World. This genus contains around 76 species worldwide (1 species is regarded
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE8095663ABFDBACDA5FD8A" box="[764,911,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD5DB9FFE8095662F0FDBBCA18FD8A" author="MAZUR S." box="[935,1074,604,628]" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" pagination="1 - 373" refId="ref118633" refString="MAZUR S. 1997: A world catalogue of the Histeridae (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Genus, Supplement, pp. 1 - 373." type="book chapter" year="1997">MAZUR 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33673C3FFE809566126FD9CCC8EFC8D" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B932048FFE809566126FD9CCC8EFC8D" blockId="127.[113,1089,219,883]" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE809566126FD9CCEDBFD6D" bold="true" box="[113,241,635,659]" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
As mentioned earlier, monophyly of this taxon is probably questionable (see Diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE8095661A8FD7ACF71FD4A" authorityName=": MAZUR" authorityYear="1984" box="[255,347,669,692]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Axelinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE8095661A8FD7ACF71FD4A" box="[255,347,669,692]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Axelinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE809566029FD7ACC38FD4A" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1941" box="[382,530,669,692]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Chalcionellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE809566029FD7ACC38FD4A" box="[382,530,669,692]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Chalcionellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), with only a few weak supporting synapomorphies, most likely homoplasies. This is possibly a paraphyletic genus with several smaller genera deeply nested within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE809566006FD3ACFC2FD0A" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[337,488,733,756]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE809566006FD3ACFC2FD0A" box="[337,488,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The daunting task for the future researchers would be to revise this taxon and establish groupings of monophyletic taxa that it contains. This, however is a challenging task given the number of species that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C5BCBFFE8095663CAFCFACD19FCCA" authorityName=": REICHARDT" authorityYear="1926" box="[669,819,797,820]" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Hypocacculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958FC5AFFE8095663CAFCFACD19FCCA" box="[669,819,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="120">Hypocacculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains, including many undescribed ones. The taxonomical value of its subgenera, artificial in authors’ opinion, must be likely tested using modern phylogenetic methods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |