233 lines
24 KiB
XML
233 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7654AEE97CB8BB8424A967083F6A001F">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<treatment id="88502B73FE88B964FF6B47CF7A390C6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968297" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209661975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7968297" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FE88B964FF6B47CF7A390C6A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FE88B964FF6B47CF7A390C6A" lastPageNumber="275" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE88B964FF6B47CF7B1B0F86" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE88B964FF6B47CF7BA40FE2" blockId="274.[151,1437,150,825]" box="[151,682,150,177]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
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<heading id="5B0E2D09FE88B964FF6B47CF7BA40FE2" box="[151,682,150,177]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE88B964FF6B47CF7B060FE2" ID-CoL="3N89J" authority="(Shaw, 1802)" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[151,520,150,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FF6B47CF78600FE2" bold="true" box="[151,366,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">Hydrophis gracilis</emphasis>
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(Shaw, 1802)
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FDD947CE7BA40FE2" bold="true" box="[549,682,151,177]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">Erroneous.</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE88B964FF6B47E27B1B0F86" blockId="274.[151,1437,150,825]" box="[151,533,187,213]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">Graceful Small-headed Sea Snake</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE88B964FF6B478778760FAA" box="[151,376,222,249]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE88B964FF6B478778760FAA" blockId="274.[151,1437,150,825]" box="[151,376,222,249]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FF6B478778760FAA" bold="true" box="[151,376,222,249]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE88B964FF6B4787781E0FAB" box="[151,272,222,248]" name="Singapore" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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records.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE88B964FF0B465A7A3F0D4A" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE88B964FF0B465A7BA60E4E" blockId="274.[151,1437,150,825]" box="[247,680,258,285]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE88B964FF0B465A78A90E4E" ID-CoL="6MKGY" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" box="[247,423,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FF0B465A78A90E4E" box="[247,423,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">Hydrus gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE88B964FE3F465A7BAA0E4E" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[451,676,258,285]" page="1057" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" year="1847">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE88B964FE3F465A7BAA0E4E" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[451,676,258,285]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" pagination="1026 - 1078" refId="ref294357" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 c) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 183), 1026 - 1078. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor 1847c: 1057</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE88B964FF0B467E7C700EDA" blockId="274.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFE88B964FF0B467E7C700EDA" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE88B964FF0B467E78C20E12" ID-CoL="3N89J" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[247,460,295,321]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FF0B467E78C20E12" box="[247,460,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">Hydrophis gracilis</emphasis>
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—Hanitsch, 1897: 20.—
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<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE88B964FD1F467E7AB30E12" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[739,957,295,321]" page="10" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" year="1898">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE88B964FD1F467E7AB30E12" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[739,957,295,321]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" pagination="11 - 22" refId="ref312325" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1898) Annual report of the curator and librarian on the Raffles Library and Museum, for the Year Ending 31 st December, 1897. In: Straits Settlements, Annual Reports for the Year 1898. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 11 - 22." type="book chapter" year="1898">Hanitsch, 1898: 10</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE88B964FC23467E7DBB0E13" author="Flower, S. S." box="[991,1205,294,321]" page="687" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" year="1899">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE88B964FC23467E7DBB0E13" author="Flower, S. S." box="[991,1205,294,321]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower, 1899: 687</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE88B964FB2A467F78700E36" author="Boulenger, G. A." page="191" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" year="1912">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE88B964FB2A467F78700E36" author="Boulenger, G. A." pageId="274" pageNumber="275" refId="ref292615" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1912) A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore, Including the Adjacent Islands. Reptilia and Batrachia, Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10813" type="book" year="1912">Boulenger, 1912: 191</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE88B964FE5C46127B810E36" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[416,655,331,357]" page="17" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" year="1912">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE88B964FE5C46127B810E36" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[416,655,331,357]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" refId="ref312636" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1912 b) List of the Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians in the Raffles Museum, Singapore. Raffles Library and Museum, Singapore, 19 pp." type="book" year="1912">Hanitsch, 1912b: 17</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE88B964FD4E46127AAC0E36" author="de Rooij, N." box="[690,930,331,357]" page="228" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" year="1917">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE88B964FD4E46127AAC0E36" author="de Rooij, N." box="[690,930,331,357]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" refId="ref303264" refString="de Rooij, N. (1917) The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. II. Ophidia. E. J. Brill, Leiden, xiv + 334 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10610" type="book" year="1917">de Rooij, 1917: 228</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—Sworder, 1923: 70.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE88B964FB42461278C70EDA" author="Iskandar, D. T. & Colijn, E." page="134" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE88B964FB42461278C70EDA" author="Iskandar, D. T. & Colijn, E." pageId="274" pageNumber="275" refId="ref315641" refString="Iskandar, D. T. & Colijn, E. (2001) A Checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Reptiles. Part I. Serpentes. Biodiversity Conservation Project (Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Japan International Cooperation Agency - The Ministry of Forestry). The Gibbon Foundation and Institute of Technology, Bandung, 195 pp." type="book" year="2001">Iskandar & Colijn, 2001: 134</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE88B964FE1746367B990EDA" author="Das, I." box="[491,663,367,393]" page="320" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE88B964FE1746367B990EDA" author="Das, I." box="[491,663,367,393]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" refId="ref300845" refString="Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das, 2010: 320</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE88B964FD4546367A6E0EDA" author="Das, I." box="[697,864,366,393]" page="95" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" year="2012">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE88B964FD4546367A6E0EDA" author="Das, I." box="[697,864,366,393]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" refId="ref300872" refString="Das, I. (2012 a) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp." type="book" year="2012">Das, 2012a: 95</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—Chan-ard
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||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FC0F46367D220EDA" box="[1011,1068,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015: 271.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE88B964FB3146367C770EDA" author="Das, I." box="[1229,1401,367,393]" page="113" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" year="2018">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE88B964FB3146367C770EDA" author="Das, I." box="[1229,1401,367,393]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" refId="ref300966" refString="Das, I. (2018) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of Southeast Asia. 2 nd Edition. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 176 pp." type="book" year="2018">Das, 2018: 113</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE88B964FF0B46CA7BCF0EA7" blockId="274.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
|
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFE88B964FF0B46CA7BCF0EA7" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE88B964FF0B46CA7B2F0EFE" ID-CoL="C7PMG" box="[247,545,403,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Microcephalophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FF0B46CA7B2F0EFE" box="[247,545,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">Microcephalophis gracilis</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—K.K.P. Lim & L.M. Chou, 1990: 55.—K.K.P. Lim & F.L.K.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE88B964FB0E46CA7C960EFE" author="Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K." box="[1266,1432,403,429]" page="92" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" year="1992">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE88B964FB0E46CA7C960EFE" author="Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K." box="[1266,1432,403,429]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 92</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 149.—L.M.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE88B964FE1846EE7BED0E83" author="Chou L. M. & Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P." box="[484,739,438,465]" page="106" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE88B964FE1846EE7BED0E83" author="Chou L. M. & Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P." box="[484,739,438,465]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. & Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
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||
Chou
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FDD546EE7B6C0E82" box="[553,610,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1994: 106
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—K.P. Lim & F.L.K.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE88B964FC1C46EE7D810E82" author="Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K." box="[992,1167,439,465]" page="149" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE88B964FC1C46EE7D810E82" author="Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K." box="[992,1167,439,465]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" refId="ref327168" refString="Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lim, 2002: 149</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—Wallach
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FAE946EE7C400E82" box="[1301,1358,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014: 439.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE88B964FE5846827BB20EA7" author="Leviton, A. E. & Siler, C. D. & Weinell, J. L. & Brown, R. M." box="[420,700,474,501]" page="468" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" year="2018">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE88B964FE5846827BB20EA7" author="Leviton, A. E. & Siler, C. D. & Weinell, J. L. & Brown, R. M." box="[420,700,474,501]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" pagination="399 - 568" refId="ref324256" refString="Leviton, A. E., Siler, C. D., Weinell, J. L. & Brown, R. M. (2018) Synopsis of the snakes of the Philippines. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 64 (14), 399 - 568." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Leviton
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FDFE46827B350EA6" box="[514,571,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2018: 468
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE88B964FF0B46A67A3F0D4A" blockId="274.[151,1437,150,825]" box="[247,817,511,537]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FF0B46A678EF0D4A" box="[247,481,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE88B964FEFD46A678D90D4A" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1832" box="[257,471,511,537]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Microcephalophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microcephalophis</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—P.K.L. Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FD8846A67BA20D4A" box="[628,684,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011: 302.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE88B964FF6B457A7A410C46" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE88B964FF6B457A7B2E0DA2" blockId="274.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FF6B457A78050D6E" bold="true" box="[151,267,547,573]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE88B964FEE9457A78CC0D6E" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[277,450,547,573]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" pagination="1026 - 1078" refId="ref294357" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 c) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 183), 1026 - 1078. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor (1847c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE88B964FD7C457A7BF50D6E" box="[640,763,547,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Microcephalophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FD7C457A7BF50D6E" box="[640,763,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">H. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rare in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE88B964FC8B457A7AE70D6E" box="[887,1001,547,573]" name="Singapore" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
based on catches in fishing nets, and Hanitsch (1897) included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE88B964FDDC451E7B940D32" box="[544,666,583,609]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Microcephalophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FDDC451E7B940D32" box="[544,666,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">H. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his checklist of specimens deposited at the the Raffles Museum, but Smith (1920) clarified that the specimen is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE88B964FCF345327A980DD6" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[783,918,619,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FCF345327A980DD6" box="[783,918,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">H. fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Since there are inconsistencies regarding the localities of Cantor’s specimens and no additional specimens were taken from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE88B964FB9045D67DEE0DFA" box="[1132,1248,655,681]" name="Singapore" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
, we refrain from including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE88B964FE9045EA78E90D9E" box="[364,487,691,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Microcephalophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FE9045EA78E90D9E" box="[364,487,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">H. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into Singapore’s herpetofauna checklist. However, LKCNHM has
|
||
<specimenCount id="16FF51ECFE88B964FB0F45EA7C930D9E" box="[1267,1437,691,717]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from the South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE88B964FE5A458E78E70DA2" box="[422,489,727,753]" name="China" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE88B964FF6B45A37A410C46" blockId="274.[151,1437,150,825]" box="[151,847,762,789]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FF6B45A37BAD0C47" bold="true" box="[151,675,762,789]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
No specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE88B964FF6B44477A390C6A" box="[151,823,798,825]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE88B964FF6B44477A390C6A" blockId="274.[151,1437,150,825]" box="[151,823,798,825]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE88B964FF6B44477B840C6B" bold="true" box="[151,650,798,825]" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
|
||
Additional
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE88B964FEE2444778990C6B" box="[286,407,798,824]" name="Singapore" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
museum specimens.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
No specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |