253 lines
29 KiB
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253 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.1.e957" ID-PMC="PMC3964709" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-1-957" ID-PubMed="24723759" ModsDocAuthor="Golovatch, Sergei & Stoev, Pavel" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1314-2828-1" ModsDocOrigin="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.1.e957" ModsDocTitle="The millipede family Paradoxosomatidae in the Philippines, with a description of Eustrongylosomapenevi sp.n., and notes on Anoplodesmusanthracinus Pocock, 1895, recorded in Malaysia and Sri Lanka for the first time (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)" checkinTime="1424274347250" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Golovatch, Sergei & Stoev, Pavel" docDate="2013" docId="7D6D2380E6BEFC02CD617D0EFE7489CB" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 1: e957" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 1" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.1.e957" docTitle="Anoplodesmus anthracinus Pocock 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="957" masterDocId="AF28FC155A3BFFC5FFAB3D58C641FFA0" masterDocTitle="The millipede family Paradoxosomatidae in the Philippines, with a description of Eustrongylosomapenevi sp. n., and notes on Anoplodesmusanthracinus Pocock, 1895, recorded in Malaysia and Sri Lanka for the first time (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)" masterLastPageNumber="957" masterPageNumber="957" pageNumber="957" updateTime="1668122262194" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The millipede family Paradoxosomatidae in the Philippines, with a description of Eustrongylosomapenevi sp. n., and notes on Anoplodesmusanthracinus Pocock, 1895, recorded in Malaysia and Sri Lanka for the first time (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Golovatch, Sergei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Stoev, Pavel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>957</mods:start>
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<mods:end>957</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.1.e957</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.1.e957</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-1-957</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7D6D2380E6BEFC02CD617D0EFE7489CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D6D2380E6BEFC02CD617D0EFE7489CB" lastPageNumber="957" pageId="0" pageNumber="957">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="957" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">Rank: SpeciesType of treatment: Redescription or species observationextantHabitat: terrestrialRoot classification: 8</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="957" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">
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<taxonomicName authority="Pocock, 1895" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus anthracinus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">Anoplodesmus anthracinus Pocock, 1895</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="957" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="15 June 2011" collectionCode="NMNHS" collectorName="P. Stoev & L. Penev" country="Malaysia" location="Malaysia" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="957">Other material</typeStatus>
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Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="957">P. Stoev & L. Penev</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="957">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="957">male</specimenType>
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; behavior: copulation observed; Location: higherGeography: Malay Peninsula; country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="957">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: State Pulau Penang; verbatimLocality: Station MARDI Seberang Perai; locationRemarks: agriculture area, in close proximity to experimental rice fields, under wooden board; verbatimLatitude: 5°32\'24\'\'N; verbatimLongitude: 100°28\'11\'\'E; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="957" value="15 June 2011">15 June 2011</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="957">NMNHS</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="15 June 2011" collectionCode="NMNHS" collectorName="P. Stoev & L. Penev" country="Malaysia" location="Malaysia" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="957">Other material</typeStatus>
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Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="957">P. Stoev & L. Penev</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="957">2</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="957">females</specimenType>
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; behavior: copulation observed; Location: higherGeography: Malay Peninsula; country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="957">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: State Pulau Penang; verbatimLocality: Station MARDI Seberang Perai; locationRemarks: agriculture area, in close proximity to experimental rice fields, under wooden board; verbatimLatitude: 5°32\'24\'\'N; verbatimLongitude: 100°28\'11\'\'E; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="957" value="15 June 2011">15 June 2011</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="957">NMNHS</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="19-22.XII.2012" collectionCode="ZMUM" collectorName="I. Melnik" country="Sri Lanka" location="Sri Lanka" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="957">Other material</typeStatus>
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Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="957">I. Melnik</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="957">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="957">male</specimenType>
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="957">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Sabaragamuwa Prov.; verbatimLocality: Millenium Foundation Orphanage; verbatimElevation: 90 m; verbatimLatitude: 7°16\'40"N; verbatimLongitude: 80°23\'12"E; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="957" value="19-22.XII.2012">19-22.XII.2012</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="957">ZMUM</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="19-22.XII.2012" collectionCode="ZMUM" collectorName="I. Melnik" country="Sri Lanka" location="Sri Lanka" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="957">Other material</typeStatus>
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Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="957">I. Melnik</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="957">2</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="957">females</specimenType>
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="957">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Sabaragamuwa Prov.; verbatimLocality: Millenium Foundation Orphanage; verbatimElevation: 90 m; verbatimLatitude: 7°16\'40"N; verbatimLongitude: 80°23\'12"E; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="957" value="19-22.XII.2012">19-22.XII.2012</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="957">ZMUM</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="957" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">Length ca 33 mm, width of pro- and metazona 2.8 and 3.8 mm, respectively (♂), or 25, 3.0 and 4.0 mm, respectively (♀). Colour pattern highly vivid (Fig. 5), shiny blackish to dark brown, with contrasting yellowish paraterga and the immediately adjacent regions. Paraterga very well-developed, set rather high (about 1/4th of midbody height) (Fig. 6a), callus wide (Fig. 6b), thicker in pore-bearing paraterga. Pleurosternal carinae longitudinally arched ribs, increasingly poorly developed towards telson to totally disappear in segment 15. Legs only slightly enlarged in male, rather long and slender, about 1.3 (♂) or 0.9 (♀) times as long as midbody height. ♂ legs 5 (Fig. 7a) and 6 with large femoral humps, ♂ femur 7 with a humped process even greater than in leg 6 (Fig. 7b). Epiproct subtruncate (Fig. 6c). Hypoproct roundly subtrapeziform (Fig. 6d). Sternal lamina between ♂ coxae 4 semi-circular (Fig. 6e).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">Gonopods very simple (Fig. 6f): coxite with a few strong setae distodorsally, prefemoral part prominent, only slightly shorter than acropodite; femorite with a strong ventral tooth (a), solenophore bipartite, with two apical lobes (b, c), lobe c supporting a short solenomere (sl).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="957" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">Notes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">
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This species was originally described from Yangon (= Rangoon), Myanmar (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pocock, RI" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " Giacomo Doria ", Genova" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="787 - 834" title="The Myriapoda of Burma, Pt. IV. Report upon the Polydesmoidea collected by Sig. L. Fea, Mr. E. W. Oates and others." volume="2" year="1895">Pocock 1895</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Attems, C" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="1 - 300" title="Myriapoda 3. Polydesmoidea I. Fam. Strongylosomidae." volume="68" year="1937">Attems (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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synonymized it with
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Jonespeltis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jonespeltis splendidus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidus">Jonespeltis splendidus</taxonomicName>
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Verhoeff, 1936, from southern India, but
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<bibRefCitation author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="95 - 144" title="A revision of the Burmese Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale at Genoa (Part I)." volume="108" year="1965">Jeekel (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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revalidated the latter species and returned
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus anthracinus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">Anoplodesmus anthracinus</taxonomicName>
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to its original scope. Furthermore, Jeekel provided very useful illustrations and a detailed redescription of the species, based on a part of the type series.
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<bibRefCitation author="Hoffman, RL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="361 - 389" title="Descriptions and allocation of new or poorly known genera and species of Paradoxomatidae from south-eastern Asia (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)." volume="7" year="1973">Hoffman (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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gave more illustrations of the gonopods, based on a paratype of
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus kathanus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kathanus">Anoplodesmus kathanus</taxonomicName>
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(Chamberlin, 1921), from Katha, north of Yangon, Myanmar, and synonymized it with
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus anthracinus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">Anoplodesmus anthracinus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">
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Our record of
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus anthracinus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">Anoplodesmus anthracinus</taxonomicName>
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in the State of Pulau Penang, Malaysia considerably extends the range of this species to the south. The studied sample agrees well with the description provided by
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<bibRefCitation author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="95 - 144" title="A revision of the Burmese Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale at Genoa (Part I)." volume="108" year="1965">Jeekel (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Hoffman, RL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="361 - 389" title="Descriptions and allocation of new or poorly known genera and species of Paradoxomatidae from south-eastern Asia (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)." volume="7" year="1973">Hoffman (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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in most characters (Figs 6f, 7), including humps in ♂ femora 5 and 6, as well as a process surmounting a hump in ♂ femur 7. Only slight variations have been noticed in the shapes of paraterga and sternal lobe between ♂ coxae 4. The same can be said about the samples from Sri Lanka which are also identified as
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus anthracinus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">Anoplodesmus anthracinus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">These are the first formal records of the species in Malaysia and Sri Lanka (Figs 8, 10). However, actually they might well represent introductions. In fact, in Malaysia the species was observed and collected in a highly agricultural and urbanized area, in close proximity to experimental rice fields (Fig. 9), while in Sri Lanka, the collecting locality is a human settlement.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">
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It is noteworthy that Sri Lanka hosts several formal species of
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anoplodesmus</taxonomicName>
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, nearly all very similar to one another:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus saussurii" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saussurii">Anoplodesmus saussurii</taxonomicName>
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(Humbert, 1865), originally described from Sri Lanka, later recorded also in Fiji and Mauritius (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="95 - 144" title="A revision of the Burmese Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale at Genoa (Part I)." volume="108" year="1965">Jeekel 1965</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Beaufortia" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="1 - 5" title="The " endemic " paradoxosomatids (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) of the Fiji Islands." volume="20" year="1972">Jeekel 1972</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="122 - 127" title="Records of Diplopoda of the order Polydesmida from the Fiji Islands." volume="40" year="1980">Jeekel 1980a</bibRefCitation>
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). The only meaningful difference from
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus anthracinus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">Anoplodesmus anthracinus</taxonomicName>
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is said to lie in the absence of a ventral hump in ♂ femur 5. However, given considerable variation in the presence or absence of this character, when such a hump in
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus anthracinus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">Anoplodesmus anthracinus</taxonomicName>
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can either be present in or absent from ♂ femur 4 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Attems, C" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="1 - 300" title="Myriapoda 3. Polydesmoidea I. Fam. Strongylosomidae." volume="68" year="1937">Attems 1937</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="95 - 144" title="A revision of the Burmese Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale at Genoa (Part I)." volume="108" year="1965">Jeekel 1965</bibRefCitation>
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), its status versus the older name
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus saussurii" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saussurii">Anoplodesmus saussurii</taxonomicName>
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is to be questioned.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus luctuosus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosus">Anoplodesmus luctuosus</taxonomicName>
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(Peters, 1864), from Rambodde;
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus inornatus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inornatus">Anoplodesmus inornatus</taxonomicName>
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(Humbert, 1865),
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus layardi" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="layardi">Anoplodesmus layardi</taxonomicName>
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(Humbert, 1865),
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus thwaitesii" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thwaitesii">Anoplodesmus thwaitesii</taxonomicName>
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(Humbert, 1865) and
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus humberti" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humberti">Anoplodesmus humberti</taxonomicName>
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(Carl, 1902), all from Paradeniya; and
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus sabulosus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabulosus">Anoplodesmus sabulosus</taxonomicName>
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Attems, 1898, from Kandy. All of them have been described from Sri Lanka, still known only from that island. Some of these taxa are however dubious, being based on female or even juvenile material, but most could be included into a key (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="95 - 144" title="A revision of the Burmese Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale at Genoa (Part I)." volume="108" year="1965">Jeekel 1965</bibRefCitation>
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). Regrettably, the first couplet in the key is purely geographic, separating the species from Myanmar and Sumatra from those described from Sri Lanka and India (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="95 - 144" title="A revision of the Burmese Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale at Genoa (Part I)." volume="108" year="1965">Jeekel 1965</bibRefCitation>
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). As one can see from the presently known distributions of
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus saussurii" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saussurii">Anoplodesmus saussurii</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus anthracinus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">Anoplodesmus anthracinus</taxonomicName>
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, this distinction does not hold, also strongly suggesting several introductions through human agency. The only feasible solution lies in collecting new and/or spotting topotypic museum samples of the still enigmatic
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus inornatus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inornatus">Anoplodesmus inornatus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus layardi" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="layardi">Anoplodesmus layardi</taxonomicName>
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from Paradeniya, and of
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus sabulosus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabulosus">Anoplodesmus sabulosus</taxonomicName>
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from Kandy, to properly compare them to their type material. In addition, bar-coding could help tracing genetic relationships. Last, but not least, a few congeneric species, most of which also very similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus anthracinus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">Anoplodesmus anthracinus</taxonomicName>
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, are known to occur in southern India as well.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">
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Since
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anoplodesmus</taxonomicName>
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is a senior synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Paranedyopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranedyopus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paranedyopus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Golovatch, SI" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="215 - 220" title="On several new or poorly-known Oriental Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), VII." volume="8" year="2000">Golovatch 2000</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Golovatch, SI" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="1 - 31" title="On several new or poorly-known Oriental Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), XIII." volume="22" year="2013">Golovatch 2013</bibRefCitation>
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), the sole erstwhile component species of the latter genus from Sri Lanka,
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus simplex" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">Anoplodesmus simplex</taxonomicName>
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(Humbert, 1865), from Pundaloya (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Beaufortia" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="163 - 178" title="On some little known Paradoxosomatidae from India and Ceylon, with the description of four new genera (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)." volume="30" year="1980">Jeekel 1980c</bibRefCitation>
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), must be considered as well. However, like any former
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Paranedyopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranedyopus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paranedyopus</taxonomicName>
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species,
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus simplex" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">Anoplodesmus simplex</taxonomicName>
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shows reduced paraterga and more elaborate gonopods (
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<bibRefCitation author="Golovatch, SI" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="1 - 31" title="On several new or poorly-known Oriental Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), XIII." volume="22" year="2013">Golovatch 2013</bibRefCitation>
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). In other words,
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus simplex" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">Anoplodesmus simplex</taxonomicName>
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is quite distinct from the above congeners from Sri Lanka which all have strongly developed paraterga and highly simple gonopods. In contrast, it seems to be more similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus rufocinctus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufocinctus">Anoplodesmus rufocinctus</taxonomicName>
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(Carl, 1932) and
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus subcylindricus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subcylindricus">Anoplodesmus subcylindricus</taxonomicName>
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(Carl, 1932), both latter taxa from southern India (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jeekel, CAW" journalOrPublisher="Beaufortia" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" pagination="163 - 178" title="On some little known Paradoxosomatidae from India and Ceylon, with the description of four new genera (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)." volume="30" year="1980">Jeekel 1980c</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="957">
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Anoplodesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anoplodesmus anthracinus" order="Polydesmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="957" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">Anoplodesmus anthracinus</taxonomicName>
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, new to the fauna of Sri Lanka.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |