238 lines
28 KiB
XML
238 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="C36EBA3CA642FC3DDA329453AF6A4309" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177212" ID-GBIF-Dataset="52025fdf-50e7-4563-8570-71558b3202e1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177212" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459854134456" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rodrigues, Domingos J., Menin, Marcelo & Lima, Albertina P." docDate="2007" docId="795FBB1A312D6D51FF70F95F323DF990" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01509p067.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1509" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Leptodactylus rhodomystax" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="8566C362312C6D52FFE7FFDA377FFFE7" masterDocTitle="Redescription of the tadpole of Leptodactylus rhodomystax (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with natural history notes" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1698225574497" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E64CDD76B687A80C8AF81D9FBBE06E0A">
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<mods:title id="2F304FDCF8C875739625576A5D3B1E7F">Redescription of the tadpole of Leptodactylus rhodomystax (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with natural history notes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="19A8094C2483D8C2A2E6A6970C84B42E">Rodrigues, Domingos J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2225B805AF8C100B84952F997CDF769A">Menin, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F6940558DE0615CBEDC57BC7E5626DED" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="20F4688E859B164BF9FBD6510520FAB2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E1203CEDEEFB1B588390A1BC9ADAB010">Lima, Albertina P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8DD52DC9D183D241BBDEEA5444FDAF92">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A6741BA2C3EA825BEB2761A960744262">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="17F01071805C9A62CC92EE7B20741D0E">
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<mods:date id="9431FBDB5F930A7B4851FBF5C9A60821">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="93D880EA3D6C7781A5513F4D78488255" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="57F69E12ECA09F51F7D1141BCEE67DEC">1509</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A514290832B902E36A68698D9570A195">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A588B503A4DE0AB406C8E24F8DD019C9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.177212</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="44F44AA5A5E5234673BFE1D2ED41FC2F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0F6B41C0F65371094066AAF2E52083CD" type="Zenodo-Dep">177212</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="795FBB1A312D6D51FF70F95F323DF990" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5667909" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119362865" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5667909" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:795FBB1A312D6D51FF70F95F323DF990" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/795FBB1A312D6D51FF70F95F323DF990" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection id="B9EC5987312D6D53FF70F95F3507F978" box="[151,632,1669,1695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F1490A0C312D6D53FF70F95F3507F978" blockId="1.[151,632,1669,1695]" box="[151,632,1669,1695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<heading id="AA01BD60312D6D53FF70F95F3507F978" bold="true" box="[151,632,1669,1695]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="C382D61E312D6D53FF70F95F3507F978" bold="true" box="[151,632,1669,1695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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Tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="36F6718F312D6D53FECAF95F3507F978" ID-CoL="3TN7F" box="[301,632,1669,1695]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodomystax">
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<emphasis id="C382D61E312D6D53FECAF95F3507F978" bold="true" box="[301,632,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Leptodactylus rhodomystax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B9EC5987312D6D51FF70F90B323DF990" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F1490A0C312D6D50FF70F90B35FFFF3D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1745,2011]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,218]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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Description. The description is based on tadpole at stage 37 (INPA-H 15850). Body ovoid in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="69CD1689312D6D53FA94F90B37DDF8F4" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1656,1680]" captionTargetBox="[425,1161,305,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[415,1171,269,1630]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptodactylus rhodomystax tadpole (INPA-H 15850) at stage 37, (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). Froglet (D) (scale = 10 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177213/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Fig 1</figureCitation>
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A). Body length
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<quantity id="360EA7E9312D6D53FE8AF92336A5F8F4" box="[365,474,1785,1811]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5699999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="15.7">15.7 mm</quantity>
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; tail length 31.0 mm; body 50.6 % of tail length; total length
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<quantity id="360EA7E9312D6D53FB52F923325DF8F4" box="[1205,1314,1785,1811]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.67" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="46.7">46.7 mm</quantity>
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; body and tail 34 and 66 % of total length respectively. Body ovoid from above (
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<figureCitation id="69CD1689312D6D53FC2EF8FB3379F8DC" box="[969,1030,1825,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1656,1680]" captionTargetBox="[425,1161,305,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[415,1171,269,1630]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptodactylus rhodomystax tadpole (INPA-H 15850) at stage 37, (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). Froglet (D) (scale = 10 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177213/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Fig 1</figureCitation>
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B). Width of body 10.0 mm. Body of greater width than height; height
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<quantity id="360EA7E9312D6D53FDA1F89335D9F884" box="[582,678,1865,1891]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 mm</quantity>
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. Body three times larger than tail muscle height. Maximum tail height two times larger than tail muscle height. Snout rounded in lateral and dorsal views. Eyes directed dorsolaterally. Interorbital distance
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<quantity id="360EA7E9312D6D53FDF5F8433510F854" box="[530,623,1945,1971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
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. Internarial distance
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<quantity id="360EA7E9312D6D53FC83F84334BCF854" box="[868,963,1945,1971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
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. Nostrils dorsolateral. Distance between eyes and nostrils 2.0 mm; distance between nostrils and mouth
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<quantity id="360EA7E9312D6D53FC6EF81B3496F83C" box="[905,1001,1985,2011]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
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. Spiracle single, sinistral, opening at mid-level of body; visible in dorsal view. Vent tube
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<quantity id="360EA7E9312E6D50FD19FF423426FF55" box="[766,857,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
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along ventral midline, opening posteriorlly, with both walls attached directly to ventral fin.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="A5895A84312E6D50FF70F9A234EBF953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[425,1161,305,1608]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="F1490A0C312E6D50FF70F9A234EBF953" blockId="2.[151,1436,1656,1716]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="C382D61E312E6D50FF70F9A23665F977" bold="true" box="[151,282,1656,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="36F6718F312E6D50FEC7F9A33539F977" box="[288,582,1657,1680]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodomystax">
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<emphasis id="C382D61E312E6D50FEC7F9A33539F977" box="[288,582,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Leptodactylus rhodomystax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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tadpole (INPA-H 15850) at stage 37, (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). Froglet (D) (scale = 10 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="F1490A0C312E6D50FF21F93132FAF89A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1771,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Caudal muscle heavy, higher than dorsal and ventral fins along the anterior third of the tail. Dorsal fin originating at the tail-body junction, gradually increasing for one-third of the tail length, and gradually diminishing after that to tip. Ventral fin originating at the posterior ventral terminus of the body, slightly arched, and maintaining the same height throughout the proximal two-thirds of the tail, gradually diminishing to the tip.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F1490A0C312E6D51FF21F851369CFEE5" blockId="2.[151,1436,1771,2037]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,498]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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Oral disc (
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<figureCitation id="69CD1689312E6D50FEA1F85136F5F842" box="[326,394,1931,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1656,1680]" captionTargetBox="[425,1161,305,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[415,1171,269,1630]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptodactylus rhodomystax tadpole (INPA-H 15850) at stage 37, (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). Froglet (D) (scale = 10 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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C) anteroventral,
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<quantity id="360EA7E9312E6D50FD86F85135C2F842" box="[609,701,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
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wide, 39.0 % of body width. Marginal papillae surround the oral disc, interrupted medially on anterior labium. Submarginal papillae present in posterior labium and on the lateral part of the anterior labium. Marginal and submarginal papillae of anterior labium greater than in posterior labium. Labial tooth row formula (LTRF) 2(2)/3. Gap of second anterior tooth row (A-2)
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<quantity id="360EA7E9312F6D51FB1BFF423215FF55" box="[1276,1386,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.68">0.68 mm</quantity>
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. All labial tooth rows nearly the same length. Upper jaw sheath wide, arch-shaped; lower jaw sheath wide, Vshaped; both finely serrated.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F1490A0C312F6D51FF21FECA3439FE2D" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">In life, color of body and tail black, belly bluish in individuals collected in the field. Color of body and tail of individuals maintained in laboratory is black or dark brown. Preserved, body color can vary from black to dark brown with a dark abdomen. Intestines not visible through skin. Caudal musculature dark brown to black; fins transparent pale black. Body shape of individuals collected in the field and maintained in the laboratory are similar to those collected directly from the field.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F1490A0C312F6D51FF21FE0233FBFE15" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,498]" box="[198,1156,472,498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
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Measurements of tadpoles in other developmental stages are presented in
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<tableCitation id="BC743FB7312F6D51FBC1FE023301FE15" box="[1062,1150,472,498]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,551,575]" captionTargetBox="[167,1352,642,1007]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Mean measurements in mm (mean ± standard deviation) of 19 L. rhodomystax tadpoles in Gosner’s (1960) stages 25, 37, and 40." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A5895A84312F6D51FF70FDFD3602FD86" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="A5895A84312F6D51FF70FDFD3602FD86">Table 1</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="A5895A84312F6D51FF70FDFD3602FD86" ID-Table-UUID="A5895A84312F6D51FF70FDFD3602FD86" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A5895A84312F6D51FF70FDFD3602FD86" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[167,1352,642,1007]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="F1490A0C312F6D51FF70FDFD3602FD86" blockId="3.[151,1436,551,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="C382D61E312F6D51FF70FDFD3675FDD8" bold="true" box="[151,266,551,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
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Mean measurements in mm (mean ± standard deviation) of 19
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<taxonomicName id="36F6718F312F6D51FC27FDF23318FDD8" box="[960,1127,552,575]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodomystax">
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<emphasis id="C382D61E312F6D51FC27FDF23318FDD8" box="[960,1127,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">L. rhodomystax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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tadpoles in Gosner’s (1960) stages 25, 37, and 40.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="F1490A0C312F6D51FF40FD583253FC08" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
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<table id="83F6F8AC312F92ADFF40FD583237FC08" box="[167,1352,642,1007]" gridcols="4" gridrows="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
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<tr id="4FC6084E312F92ADFF40FD583237FD7E" box="[167,1352,642,665]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
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<th id="0C176132312F92ADFF40FD5836F7FD7E" box="[167,392,642,665]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Characteristics</th>
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<th id="0C176132312F92ADFDC3FD5835B6FD7E" box="[548,713,642,665]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Stage 25 (N=8)</th>
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<th id="0C176132312F92ADFCB1FD583484FD7E" box="[854,1019,642,665]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Stage 37 (N=5)</th>
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<th id="0C176132312F92ADFB43FD583237FD7E" box="[1188,1352,642,665]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Stage 40 (N=6)</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="4FC6084E312F92ADFF40FD773237FD23" box="[167,1352,685,708]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
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<th id="0C176132312F92ADFF40FD7736F7FD23" box="[167,392,685,708]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Total length</th>
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<td id="0C176132312F92ADFDC3FD7735B6FD23" box="[548,713,685,708]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">24.26±0.50</td>
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<td id="0C176132312F92ADFCB1FD773484FD23" box="[854,1019,685,708]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">50.66±1.21</td>
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<td id="0C176132312F92ADFB43FD773237FD23" box="[1188,1352,685,708]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">53.28±0.26</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="4FC6084E312F92ADFF40FD023237FD08" box="[167,1352,728,751]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
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<th id="0C176132312F92ADFF40FD0236F7FD08" box="[167,392,728,751]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Tail length</th>
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<td id="0C176132312F92ADFDC3FD0235B6FD08" box="[548,713,728,751]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">16.83±0.36</td>
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<td id="0C176132312F92ADFCB1FD023484FD08" box="[854,1019,728,751]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">34.32±1.29</td>
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<td id="0C176132312F92ADFB43FD023237FD08" box="[1188,1352,728,751]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">35.88±0.20</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="4FC6084E312F92ADFF40FCD83237FCFE" box="[167,1352,770,793]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
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<th id="0C176132312F92ADFF40FCD836F7FCFE" box="[167,392,770,793]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Maximum tail height</th>
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<td id="0C176132312F92ADFDC3FCD835B6FCFE" box="[548,713,770,793]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">4.50±0.07</td>
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<td id="0C176132312F92ADFCB1FCD83484FCFE" box="[854,1019,770,793]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">10.00±0.44</td>
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<td id="0C176132312F92ADFB43FCD83237FCFE" box="[1188,1352,770,793]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">9.68±0.16</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="4FC6084E312F92ADFF40FCF73237FCA3" box="[167,1352,813,836]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="0C176132312F92ADFF40FCF736F7FCA3" box="[167,392,813,836]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Tail muscle width</th>
|
||
<td id="0C176132312F92ADFDC3FCF735B6FCA3" box="[548,713,813,836]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">1.96±0.07</td>
|
||
<td id="0C176132312F92ADFCB1FCF73484FCA3" box="[854,1019,813,836]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">5.14±0.18</td>
|
||
<td id="0C176132312F92ADFB43FCF73237FCA3" box="[1188,1352,813,836]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">5.03±0.14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4FC6084E312F92ADFF40FC823237FC88" box="[167,1352,856,879]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="0C176132312F92ADFF40FC8236F7FC88" box="[167,392,856,879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Body length</th>
|
||
<td id="0C176132312F92ADFDC3FC8235B6FC88" box="[548,713,856,879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">7.42±0.17</td>
|
||
<td id="0C176132312F92ADFCB1FC823484FC88" box="[854,1019,856,879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">16.94±0.20</td>
|
||
<td id="0C176132312F92ADFB43FC823237FC88" box="[1188,1352,856,879]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">17.40±0.10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4FC6084E312F92ADFF40FC583237FC7E" box="[167,1352,898,921]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="0C176132312F92ADFF40FC5836F7FC7E" box="[167,392,898,921]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Tail muscle height</th>
|
||
<td id="0C176132312F92ADFDC3FC5835B6FC7E" box="[548,713,898,921]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">1.89±0.07</td>
|
||
<td id="0C176132312F92ADFCB1FC583484FC7E" box="[854,1019,898,921]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">5.42±0.23</td>
|
||
<td id="0C176132312F92ADFB43FC583237FC7E" box="[1188,1352,898,921]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">5.38±0.09</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4FC6084E312F92ADFF40FC773237FC23" box="[167,1352,941,964]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="0C176132312F92ADFF40FC7736F7FC23" box="[167,392,941,964]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Internarial distance</th>
|
||
<td id="0C176132312F92ADFDC3FC7735B6FC23" box="[548,713,941,964]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">1.55±0.05</td>
|
||
<td id="0C176132312F92ADFCB1FC773484FC23" box="[854,1019,941,964]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">2.94±0.07</td>
|
||
<td id="0C176132312F92ADFB43FC773237FC23" box="[1188,1352,941,964]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">2.75±0.12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4FC6084E312F92ADFF40FC023237FC08" box="[167,1352,984,1007]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<th id="0C176132312F92ADFF40FC0236F7FC08" box="[167,392,984,1007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Interorbital distance</th>
|
||
<td id="0C176132312F92ADFDC3FC0235B6FC08" box="[548,713,984,1007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">1.68±0.08</td>
|
||
<td id="0C176132312F92ADFCB1FC023484FC08" box="[854,1019,984,1007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">4.32±0.12</td>
|
||
<td id="0C176132312F92ADFB43FC023237FC08" box="[1188,1352,984,1007]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">5.00±0.07</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F1490A0C312F6D51FF21FB8835A4FB73" blockId="3.[151,1436,1106,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Snout-vent length of metamorphosed froglets was 18.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="C382D61E312F6D51FC6CFB8934DAFB8B" box="[907,933,1107,1132]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">sd</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="360EA7E9312F6D51FC5AFB883366FB8B" box="[957,1049,1106,1132]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="C382D61E312F6D51FBC3FB89334CFB8B" box="[1060,1075,1107,1132]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 27). Froglets were similar to adults in color patterns and body shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="69CD1689312F6D51FD97FBA035CDFB73" box="[624,690,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1656,1680]" captionTargetBox="[425,1161,305,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[415,1171,269,1630]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Leptodactylus rhodomystax tadpole (INPA-H 15850) at stage 37, (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm). Froglet (D) (scale = 10 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177213/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F1490A0C312F6D51FF21FB7F3305FA48" blockId="3.[151,1436,1106,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Natural History. Ponds containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36F6718F312F6D51FDBAFB7C346CFB58" box="[605,787,1190,1215]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodomystax">
|
||
<emphasis id="C382D61E312F6D51FDBAFB7C346CFB58" box="[605,787,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">L. rhodomystax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpoles had a mean size of 1.67±
|
||
<quantity id="360EA7E9312F6D51FB4FFB7F3384FB58" box="[1192,1275,1189,1215]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="0.47">0.47 m</quantity>
|
||
2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="C382D61E312F6D51FAF6FB7C325FFB58" box="[1297,1312,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 21). We found two foam nests during our study period, both deposited between shrubs, roots, and fallen tree trunks near a pond (51 and
|
||
<quantity id="360EA7E9312F6D51FE62FB2F36B1FAE8" box="[389,462,1269,1295]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="41.0">41 cm</quantity>
|
||
from pond edge). Tadpoles reach the pond after the flooding by rains. The clutches contained 290 and
|
||
<specimenCount id="E7F0C185312F6D51FE67FAC7368FFAD0" box="[384,496,1309,1335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="egg">247 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
. Tadpoles were free-swimming, benthic, and found in the leaf litter of ponds between January and May. Tadpoles are intra-specific predators of tadpoles and inter-specific predators of eggs and tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36F6718F312F6D51FE7BFAB434DCFA60" authority="Steindachner, 1862" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1862" box="[412,931,1389,1415]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C382D61E312F6D51FE7BFAB435CAFA60" box="[412,693,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Osteocephalus taurinus</emphasis>
|
||
Steindachner, 1862
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36F6718F312F6D51FB95FAB43383FA60" box="[1138,1276,1390,1415]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C382D61E312F6D51FB95FAB43383FA60" box="[1138,1276,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Colostethus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. On three occasions we observed tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36F6718F312F6D51FDD4FA4C3596FA48" box="[563,745,1430,1455]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodomystax">
|
||
<emphasis id="C382D61E312F6D51FDD4FA4C3596FA48" box="[563,745,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">L. rhodomystax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
aggregated and buried in dry soil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F1490A0C312F6D51FF21FA67323DF990" blockId="3.[151,1436,1106,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Spatial and temporal distribution. In the first year of sampling (
|
||
<date id="85482CCC312F6D51FC4BFA673330FA30" box="[940,1103,1469,1495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" value="2002-10">October 2002</date>
|
||
to
|
||
<date id="85482CCC312F6D51FB92FA673247FA30" box="[1141,1336,1469,1495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" value="2003-09">September 2003</date>
|
||
), we did not detect any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36F6718F312F6D51FEA9FA3C3576FA18" box="[334,521,1509,1535]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodomystax">
|
||
<emphasis id="C382D61E312F6D51FEA9FA3C3621FA18" box="[334,350,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C382D61E312F6D51FE95FA3C3576FA18" box="[370,521,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">rhodomystax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpoles in ponds. In the second and third years of sampling we found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36F6718F312F6D51FA63FA3C3651F9C0" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodomystax">
|
||
<emphasis id="C382D61E312F6D51FA63FA3C3651F9C0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">L. rhodomystax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpoles in 11 of the 31 sites sampled. It was present in eight of the 16 western watershed sites and three of the 15 eastern watershed sites.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36F6718F312F6D51FD42F9EC3495F9A8" box="[677,1002,1590,1615]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodomystax">
|
||
<emphasis id="C382D61E312F6D51FD42F9EC3495F9A8" box="[677,1002,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Leptodactylus rhodomystax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred in nine sites in the second year of sampling and seven sites in the third year. Only five sites were occupied in both years (
|
||
<figureCitation id="69CD1689312F6D51FB0BF987324BF990" box="[1260,1332,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1207,1228]" captionTargetBox="[421,1166,684,1173]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[405,1200,658,1199]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mean number of L. rhodomystax tadpoles by site in relation to wet seasons sampled in RFAD, Amazonas, Brazil. Sites 1 – 8 = western watershed; sites 9 – 11 = eastern watershed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177214/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |