295 lines
26 KiB
XML
295 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45221874-7fe5-4bd5-a3da-3b318b7dd9a8" ID-PMC="PMC3253626" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-158-1" ID-PubMed="22303109" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-158-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 158" ModsDocTitle="A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters" checkinTime="1451249442870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D. & Lindner, Alberto" docDate="2011" docId="C7CBBC8AE2E4C622AC6261BA62E626BC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 158: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 158" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910" docTitle="Crypthelia trophostega Fisher 1938" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="CD06FFFFD917034E2D15FFB73E6BFFD7" masterDocTitle="A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1668153073747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lindner, Alberto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>158</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-158-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032742" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C7CBBC8AE2E4C622AC6261BA62E626BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C7CBBC8AE2E4C622AC6261BA62E626BC" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Crypthelia_trophostega" authority="Fisher, 1938" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1938" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Crypthelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crypthelia trophostega" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="trophostega">Crypthelia trophostega Fisher, 1938</taxonomicName>
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Figs 27
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–I30A–L">H-I30A-L</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Crypthelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crypthelia trophostega" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="trophostega">Crypthelia trophostega</taxonomicName>
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Fisher, 1938: 533-535, pl. 62, figs 1-8, pl. 63.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 42" title="Stylasteridae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) of the Galapagos Islands." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00810282.418" volume="426" year="1986">Cairns 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 24 (ampulla code);
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="383 - 388" title="Cyclohelia lamellata, new genus and species of Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bering Sea." volume="45" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 386 (off Pribilof Island).-
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Palaios" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="96 - 107" title="Phylogenetic implications of the calcium carbonate mineralogy in the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)." url="doi: 10.2307/3514799" volume="7" year="1992">Cairns and Macintrye 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 102-103 (mineralogy).-
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<bibRefCitation author="Heifetz, J" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="19 - 28" title="Coral in Alaska: distribution, abundance, and species associations." url="doi: 10.1023/A:1016528631593" volume="471" year="2002">Heifetz 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 22 (listed).-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Wing and Barnard 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 10, 27, fig. 29.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Heifetz, J" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries Oceanography" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="131 - 138" title="Corals of the Aleutian Islands." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" volume="14" year="2005">Heifetz et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 133, 136 (listed).-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Stone and Shotwell 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 107 (listed).-
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<bibRefCitation author="Brooke, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="519 - 532" title="Reproduction of deep-water hydrocorals (family Stylasteridae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska." volume="81" year="2007">Brooke and Stone 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 530, figs 2L, 3F.-Jameison et al. 2007: 224 (listed).-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Lindner et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 3, and supplemental Table S1: 1 (phylogeny and DNA sequences).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Cryptohelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptohelia trophostega" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="trophostega">Cryptohelia trophostega</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Thompson, TG" journalOrPublisher="Deep-Sea Research (Supplement)" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="20 - 39" title="The strontium-calcium atom ratio in carbonate-secreting marine organisms." volume="3" year="1955">Thompson and Chow 1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 30 (mineralogy).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Holotype: Alb-3480, 1 large dry male colony, 15 cm in width, SEM stubs 1482-1484, USNM 42876 (Fig. 27H). Paratypes: Alb-3480, 2 dry colonies, male and female, USNM 52264; Alb-3480, 1 female colony in alcohol, USNM 43769; Alb-3480, 1 dry colony, CAS 69609.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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Alb-3480:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.1">52°06'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-171.75">171°45'W</geoCoordinate>
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(Amukta Pass), 517 m.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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Material examined.Alaskan Leader 40,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.155003">52°09'18"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-175.67834">175°40'42"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 174 m, 8 Jun 2002, 1 indet., USNM 1137354; Alaskan Leader 54-14,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="51.74">51°44.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-178.27834">178°16.7'W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="start">567</pageBreakToken>
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-680 m, 11 Jun 2002, 1 indet., AB02-29; Alb-4771,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="54.5">54°30'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="179.28334">179°17'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 779 m, 4 Jun 1906, 2 males, USNM 76780; Alb-4780,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.016666">52°01'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="174.65">174°39'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1913 m, 7 Jun 1906, 2 female, USNM 62371; Alb-4781,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.24167">52°14'30"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="174.21666">174°13'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 882 m, 7 Jun 1906, 3 male, USNM 43770; Delta 6230
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–20–">-20-</normalizedToken>
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19,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="52.469032">52°28.142'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-173.59804">173°35.882'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 190 m, 8 Jul 2004, 1 female, AB; Dominator 971-142,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.719444">51°43'10"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="178.58333">178°35'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 215 m, 17 Jul 1997, 1 male, USNM 1123356; Dominator 971-181,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.461945">51°27'43"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="178.58333">178°35'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 384 m, 27 Jul 1997, 1 indet., USNM 1123354; Dominator 971-201, 51°54'28"N, 378 m, 1 Aug 1997, 1 male, USNM 1123355; Dominator 971-126,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.57111">51°34'16"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-177.79333">177°47'36"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 237 m, 12 Jul 1997, 1 indet. in alcohol, USNM 1123353; Jason II-2095
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2-9–">-2-9-</normalizedToken>
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5,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="51.811367">51°48.682'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-173.8345">173°50.070'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 843 m, 26 Jul 2004, 1 male, AB08-0035; Jason II-2099
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–17–">-17-</normalizedToken>
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1,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="51.501682">51°30.101'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-177.03923">177°02.354'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1453 m, 30 Jul 2004, 1 indet. in alcohol, AB09-0029; Ocean Olympic,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="52.375">52°22.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="176.05833">176°03.5'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 237 m, 1 female, AB 00-0024; Patricia Lee,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="51.983334">51°59'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="179.50133">179°30.08'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 457 m, 1 male, AB00-0042; Sea Storm 93,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.84972">51°50'59"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="178.43388">178°26'02"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 390 m, 5 Jul 2002, 1 male in alcohol, USNM 1122897; Sea Storm 108,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.192223">52°11'32"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="175.47166">175°28'18"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 208 m, 8 Jul 2002, 1 male, USNM 1122893; Sea Storm 109,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.287777">52°17'16"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="175.34888">175°20'56"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 238 m, 8 Jul 2002, 1 female in alcohol, USNM 1122894; Sea Storm 133,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.22778">52°13'40"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="176.03862">176°02'19"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 148 m, 15 Jul 2002, 1 female and 1 male in alcohol, USNM 1122889-90; Sea Storm 138,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.230556">52°13'50"N</geoCoordinate>
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, 175.242'E, 146 m, 16 Jul 2002, 1 female and 1 male, USNM 1122891-92; Sea Storm 148,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.47111">52°28'16"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-173.31944">173°19'10"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 194 m, 2 female, SEM stub 1485, USNM 1122887-88; Sea Storm 150,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.513054">52°30'47"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-173.2935">173.2935°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 220 m, 21 Jul 2002, 1 female, USNM 1075952; Sea Storm 151,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.56111">52°33'40"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-173.3195">173.3195°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 203 m, 21 Jul 2002, 1 male, USNM 1122895; Sea Storm 155,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.64528">52°38'43"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-172.273">172°16.38'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 393-401 m, 22 Jul 2002, 1 indet., USNM 1122896; Shishaldin,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="54.210278">54°12'37"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="179.50139">179°30'05"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 179 m, 1 female and 1 male, USNM 1122435and 1122446; Shishaldin,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="54.116665">54°07'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="179.75">179°45'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 366 m, 20 Feb 2000, 1 female, SEM stubs 1486-87, USNM 1122487; Vesteraalen 941-138,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="51.466667">51°28'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-178.63333">178°38'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 0-311 m, 7 Jul 1994, 1 male, USNM 96248; Vesteraalen 941-167,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="51.9">51°54'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="178.33333">178°20'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 0-150 m, 19 Jul 1994, 1 female, USNM 96240;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.84222">51°50'32"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="176.00223">176°00'08"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 272 m, 5 Dec 2000, 1 male, USNM 1122441; "Gulf of Alaska", 219-274 m, 1 female, USNM 77415; "Bering Sea", 1 male in alcohol, USNM 76570; University of Washington,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="51.533333">51°32'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-179.25">179°15'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 278-289 m, 1 Sep 1968, 1 female, USNM 62372.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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Colonies variable in shape, usually uniplanar (Fig. 27H) but sometimes forming three dimensional bushes (Fig. 27I) or multiplanar colonies. Largest colony known (USNM 1122446) is multiplanar, 20 cm tall and 12 cm wide, with a basal diameter of 11.5 mm, this colony only slightly larger than the holotype. Branching irregularly dichotomous and often anastomotic, which reinforces strength of a uniplanar colony. Coenosteum linear-imbricate in surface texture, the parallel strips 50-70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Strips covered with irregularly shaped platelets, which are rarely continuous across a strip but dissected into 2-5 smaller sections, each of which has an irregular leading edge and only a slight imbricating overlap with more distal platelet, altogether producing a rough microtexture. Shallow, circular (0.06-0.13 mm in diameter) nematopores very common, occurring on branch coenosteum, cyclosystem
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<pageBreakToken pageId="59" pageNumber="60" start="start">lids</pageBreakToken>
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, and even on pseudosepta (Fig. 30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
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, J), most concentrated around cyclosystem edge. Nematopores flush with coenenchyme or encircled with a very low rim. Coenosteum white.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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Cyclosystems unilinearly arranged either bifacially or on one face, both conditions sometimes occurring on same colony. Unifacially arranged cyclosystems seem to be more common on uniplanar colonies, whereas the bifacial arrangement favors bushy coralla. Cyclosytems circular to slightly elliptical in outline (2.2-2.6 mm in diameter), the greater axis of ellipse being perpendicular to branch axis. Cyclosystems slightly flared, each covered with a horizontal lid that covers most of cyclosystem, sometimes even fusing to opposite side of cyclosystem. Lids usually greatly inflated, containing the male or female ampullae. Cyclosystems have a range of 13-23 dactylopores (n = 50, average = 18.66 (σ=1.96), and mode = 19). Upper gastropore chamber spherical, about 0.9-1.0 mm in diameter, which is separated from lower, flattened chamber by a circular gastropore ring constriction 0.4-0.6 mm in diameter, the lower chamber being about 0.8-0.9 mm in diameter (Fig. 30H). Dactylotomes uniform in width, 0.14-0.16 mm; pseudosepta quite slender, having a thin (20-60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) blade-like inner edge (Fig. 30F). Upper edges of pseudosepta not exsert, but gradually attenuate in size near cyclosystem edge.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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Female ampullae (Fig. 30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
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) smooth, massive, hemispherical swellings in cyclosystem lid, often two ampullae contained in same lid (Fig. 30I). Efferent pores quite large (up to 0.5 mm in diameter), opening beneath lid (type A ampulla formula of
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 42" title="Stylasteridae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) of the Galapagos Islands." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00810282.418" volume="426" year="1986">Cairns 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Male ampullae (Fig. 30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="K–L">K-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
) irregularly shaped swellings in cyclosystem lid, up to 11 occurring in one lid. Efferent pores smaller (10-12 um in diameter), also opening beneath the lid (type A2 ampulla formula of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 42" title="Stylasteridae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) of the Galapagos Islands." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00810282.418" volume="426" year="1986">Cairns 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)(Fig. 30C, K).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Among the 31 Recent species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Crypthelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crypthelia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Crypthelia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Atoll Research Bulletin" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="13 - 46" title="Appendix: list of extant stony corals." volume="459" year="1999">Cairns et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; www.marinespecies.org),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Crypthelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crypthelia trophostega" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="trophostega">Crypthelia trophostega</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique in having a tendency to have a bifacial cyclosystem arrangement and for having more than one female ampullae per cyclosystem lid. Furthermore, only one other species is known to have the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–A">A-A</normalizedToken>
|
||
2 ampulla formula (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 42" title="Stylasteridae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) of the Galapagos Islands." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00810282.418" volume="426" year="1986">Cairns 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), that being
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Crypthelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crypthelia pudica" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pudica">Crypthelia pudica</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Milne Edwards, H" journalOrPublisher="Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris," pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="67 - 73" title="Memoire sur les polypiers appartenant a la famille des Oculinides, au groupe intermediaries des Pseudoastreides et a la famille des Fongides." volume="29" year="1849">Milne Edwards and Haime 1849</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Crypthelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crypthelia trophostega" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="trophostega">Crypthelia trophostega</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Crypthelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crypthelia pudica" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pudica">Crypthelia pudica</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having bifacial cyclosystems, a rougher coenosteal texture, more nematopores, larger cyclosystems, and lower lids. The corallum was found to be 100% aragonitic according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Palaios" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="96 - 107" title="Phylogenetic implications of the calcium carbonate mineralogy in the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)." url="doi: 10.2307/3514799" volume="7" year="1992">Cairns and Macintrye (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Of the 42 specimens examined: 18 are female, 18 male, and 6 indeterminate in gender.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Aleutian Islands from Near Islands to Amuka Pass, Petrel and Bowers Banks, off Pribilof Bank; 146-1913 m, although most records between 200 and 400 m.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Figure 30.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Crypthelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crypthelia trophostega" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="trophostega">Crypthelia trophostega</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
, F,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="H–J">H-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
female colony, USNM 1122887
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
, G,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="K–L">K-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
holotype (male), USNM 42876:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
cyclosystem and lid, covered with numerous nematopores C under side of cyclosystem lid showing numerous male efferent pores
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
coenosteal texture F slender pseudosepta bearing nematopores G three nematopores H stereo view of longitudinal section of cyclosystem showing multiple female efferent pores under lid I enlargement of efferent pores of figure H J fractured female lid K stereo view of fractured cyclosystem showing multiple male efferent pores (enlarged in fig. C) L stereo view of cyclosystem missing its lid revealing several male ampullae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |