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52 KiB
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512 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895" ID-PMC="PMC4956931" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-63-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1530FFC9FF978827FFAF6231FFCD442B" ID-PubMed="27489481" ID-Zenodo-Dep="897712" ModsDocID="1314-2003-63-99" checkinTime="1464921652134" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Leiva, Segundo & Meerow, Alan W." docDate="2016" docId="3F8291732AE052D8A2909A511B6CEF83" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 63: 99-106" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 63" docPubDate="2016-06-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895" docTitle="Clinanthus milagroanthus S. Leiva & Meerow 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="1530FFC9FF978827FFAF6231FFCD442B" lastPageNumber="102" masterDocId="1530FFC9FF978827FFAF6231FFCD442B" masterDocTitle="A new species of Clinanthus from northern Peru (Asparagales, Amaryllidaceae, Amarylloideae, Clinantheae)" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1668141703412" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Clinanthus from northern Peru (Asparagales, Amaryllidaceae, Amarylloideae, Clinantheae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Leiva, Segundo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Av. America Sur 3145 Casilla postal 1075, Trujillo, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Meerow, Alan W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>USDA-ARS-SHRS, National Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, Florida 33158, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">alan.meerow@ars.usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-06-02</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>63</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>99</mods:start>
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<mods:end>106</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-63-99</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1530FFC9FF978827FFAF6231FFCD442B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">897712</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127891287" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F8291732AE052D8A2909A511B6CEF83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F8291732AE052D8A2909A511B6CEF83" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="3F829173-2AE0-52D8-A290-9A511B6CEF83" authority="S. Leiva & Meerow" authorityName="S. Leiva & Meerow" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus milagroanthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="milagroanthus" status="sp. nov.">Clinanthus milagroanthus S. Leiva & Meerow</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="99">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Clinanthus milagroanthus S. Leiva & Meerow. A Perigone dissected showing androecium B Cross-section of the capsule C Gynoecium D Flower at anthesis E Habit F Seed G Anther in dorsal view H Anther in ventral view I Anther in side view J Capsule. Drawing by S. Leiva & M. Leiva from S. & M. Leiva Leiva 5795 (HAO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/90611" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Clinanthus milagroanthus S. Leiva & Meerow. A Habit B Inflorescence showing spathe bracts C Flowers D Bulbs E Capsules F Known distribution of Clinanthus milagroanthus in Peru (red star). All photos of S. Leiva & M. Leiva 5795, HAO." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/90612" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Leiva & Meerow" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus milagroanthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="milagroanthus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Clinanthus milagroanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is most closely related to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ravenna" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus mirabilis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Clinanthus mirabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Ravenna) Meerow (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Species related to Clinanthus milagroanthus. A Clinanthus mirabilis (S. Leiva et al. 2000, HAO) B-C Clinanthus viridiflorus (Weigend et al. 5701, NY) D Paramongaia weberbaueri (Meerow 2303, FTG)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/90613" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3A</figureCitation>
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) by the white color and morphology of the staminal cup, in which the free portions of the filaments are slightly incurved and inserted at the sinus between the cup lobes. Both of these species have affinity with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pav." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus viridiflorus" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflorus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Clinanthus viridiflorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(R. & P.) Meerow (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Species related to Clinanthus milagroanthus. A Clinanthus mirabilis (S. Leiva et al. 2000, HAO) B-C Clinanthus viridiflorus (Weigend et al. 5701, NY) D Paramongaia weberbaueri (Meerow 2303, FTG)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/90613" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3B-C</figureCitation>
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). All three species have grayish-green glaucous leaves, particularly large apicula at the apex of the outer tepals, and large anthers relative to other species of the genus. These species form a distinct clade in the genus based on ribosomal DNA sequences with close relationship to the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Paramongaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paramongaia" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Paramongaia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Velarde (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Species related to Clinanthus milagroanthus. A Clinanthus mirabilis (S. Leiva et al. 2000, HAO) B-C Clinanthus viridiflorus (Weigend et al. 5701, NY) D Paramongaia weberbaueri (Meerow 2303, FTG)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/90613" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3D</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Meerow, AW" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" pagination="708 - 726" publicationUrl="10.2307/2666729" refId="B11" refString="Meerow, AW, Guy, CL, Li, Q-B, Yang, S-L, 2000. Phylogeny of the American Amaryllidaceae based on nrDNA ITS sequences. Systematic Botany 25: 708 - 726, DOI: 10.2307/2666729" title="Phylogeny of the American Amaryllidaceae based on nrDNA ITS sequences." url="10.2307/2666729" volume="25" year="2000">Meerow et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ravenna, PF" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" pagination="215 - 218" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.part.16903" refId="B13" refString="Ravenna, PF, 1988. Anax and Callithauma, two genera of Amaryllidaceae - Eustephieae from Peru. Phytologia 64: 215 - 218, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.16903" title="Anax and Callithauma, two genera of Amaryllidaceae - Eustephieae from Peru." url="10.5962/bhl.part.16903" volume="64" year="1988">Ravenna 1988</bibRefCitation>
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; unpubl. data). All three species have glaucous, gray-green leaves. The perigone of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pav." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus viridiflorus" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflorus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Clinanthus viridiflorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is entirely green (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Species related to Clinanthus milagroanthus. A Clinanthus mirabilis (S. Leiva et al. 2000, HAO) B-C Clinanthus viridiflorus (Weigend et al. 5701, NY) D Paramongaia weberbaueri (Meerow 2303, FTG)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/90613" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3B-C</figureCitation>
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); that of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ravenna" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus mirabilis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Clinanthus mirabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is deep green except for the orange-red limb (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Species related to Clinanthus milagroanthus. A Clinanthus mirabilis (S. Leiva et al. 2000, HAO) B-C Clinanthus viridiflorus (Weigend et al. 5701, NY) D Paramongaia weberbaueri (Meerow 2303, FTG)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/90613" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3A</figureCitation>
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). Our new species has the widest leaves in the complex and bears the showiest flowers, most notably by the sharp constrast between the white staminal cup and the bright red tepals. It can be distinguished
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<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="100" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ravenna" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus mirabilis" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Clinanthus mirabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, to which it bears closest resemblance, by the much more brightly colored and wide spreading limb, and the much lighter colored perigone tube (yellowish green vs. dark green in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ravenna" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus mirabilis" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Clinanthus mirabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). The conspicuous bulge just proximal to the midpoint of the tube is a unique character of the new species.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="981613" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/90611" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Leiva & Meerow" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus milagroanthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="milagroanthus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Clinanthus milagroanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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S. Leiva & Meerow.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">A</emphasis>
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Perigone dissected showing androecium
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">B</emphasis>
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Cross-section of the capsule
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">C</emphasis>
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Gynoecium
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">D</emphasis>
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Flower at anthesis
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">E</emphasis>
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Habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">F</emphasis>
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Seed
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">G</emphasis>
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Anther in dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">H</emphasis>
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Anther in ventral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">I</emphasis>
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Anther in side view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">J</emphasis>
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Capsule. Drawing by S. Leiva & M. Leiva from S. & M. Leiva Leiva 5795 (HAO).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="981615" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/90612" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Leiva & Meerow" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus milagroanthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="milagroanthus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Clinanthus milagroanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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S. Leiva & Meerow.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">A</emphasis>
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Habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">B</emphasis>
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Inflorescence showing spathe bracts
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">C</emphasis>
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Flowers
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">D</emphasis>
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Bulbs
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">E</emphasis>
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Capsules
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">F</emphasis>
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Known distribution of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Leiva & Meerow" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus milagroanthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="milagroanthus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Clinanthus milagroanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Peru (red star). All photos of S. Leiva & M. Leiva 5795, HAO.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="981617" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.63.8895.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/90613" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="100">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Species related to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Leiva & Meerow" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus milagroanthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="milagroanthus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Clinanthus milagroanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ravenna" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus mirabilis" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Clinanthus mirabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(S. Leiva et al. 2000, HAO)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">B-C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pav." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus viridiflorus" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflorus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Clinanthus viridiflorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Weigend et al. 5701, NY)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Velarde" authorityYear="1949" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Paramongaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paramongaia weberbaueri" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="weberbaueri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Paramongaia weberbaueri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Meerow 2303, FTG).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="100">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="100">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-03-22" collectorName="S. Leiva, M. Leiva" country="PERU" elevation="2827" latitude="-8.02125" location="Murane" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.554504" municipality="Distrito Salpo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="La Libertad" typeStatus="HOLOTYPE">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PERÚ">
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<collectingCountry name="Peru">PERU</collectingCountry>
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</normalizedToken>
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. Dpto.
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<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="La Libertad">La Libertad</collectingRegion>
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, Prov. Otuzco,
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<collectingMunicipality>Distrito Salpo</collectingMunicipality>
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, above
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Murañe">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F8291732AE052D8A2909A511B6CEF83:5B7E394F4CD2FD45C82A804A64D02F29" country="PERU" latitude="-8.02125" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.554504" municipality="Distrito Salpo" name="Murane" stateProvince="La Libertad">Murane</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
(on the Salpo-Pagash road),
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="1" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="16.5" value="-8.02125">8°1'16.5"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="16.2" value="-78.554504">78°33'16.2"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.827" unit="m" value="2827.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.827" unit="m" value="2827.0">2827 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
elevation,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2015-03-22">22 Mar 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>S. Leiva</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>M. Leiva</collectorName>
|
||
5795 (
|
||
<typeStatus>HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
: HAO; ISOTYPE: F)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="1" pageNumber="100" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">
|
||
Geophytic herb from tunicate bulbs, 60-80 cm tall, with numerous creamy-white roots (brown where stained by the humic substrate), 25-35 cm long. Bulbs long conical or tapered, 9-10 cm long and 6.5-7 cm in diameter, with a papery brown to black tunic, white below. Leaves distichous, sessile, lorate, erect or slightly reflexed towards the abaxial surface, succulent, dark green on adaxial surface, light green on abaxial, glabrous, acute at apex, slightly cuneate at the base, slightly revolute at the margins, caniculate along the midrib adaxially, midrib prominent abaxially, (57-) 65-68 cm long by 5.5-5.7 cm wide. Inflorescences with 5 flowers arranged in pseudoumbels, scape ancipitous, elliptical in cross section, dull yellowish-green, succulent, solid, 35-36 cm long by 1.4-1.5 cm diameter; spathe bracts membranous, two, creamy or slightly yellowish, glabrous, eventually marcescent, surrounding the base of the flowers; pedicels slightly wider proximally, yellowish-green, succulent, glabrous, 2-edged, slightly curved towards the abaxial surface, 1-1.3 cm long by 0.4-0.5 cm in diameter. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, trimerous; perigone infundibular, succulent, 7-7.2 cm long, the tepals fused into a tube for 2/3 to 4/5 of the perigone length; tube RHS Green 143C green proximally, darkening in the inflated portion, then becoming Yellow-Green 145B to almost white at the throat, cylindrical for the proximal 1.2-1.5 cm and 2.5-3 mm diam., gradually dilated to 5 mm for the next 1-1.3 cm, then abruptly inflated to ca. 7 mm diam for ca. 1.3 cm, constricting distally to ca. 5 mm diam, the final 2 cm portion of the tube with 6 longitudinal channels; limb of six tepals in two series, spreading to 3.4-4.0 cm at anthesis at ca. 45°angle from the throat; outer tepals narrowly oblong, intensely red (RHS Red Group 40A to 40B) on both surfaces, with a conspicuous white, papillate apiculum at apex, glabrous on both surfaces, succulent, distinctly ribbed, 2.5-2.6 cm long by 1-1.2 cm wide; inner tepals broadly elliptic, same color and surface attributes as outer, obtuse at apex with a minute white apiculum, 2.2-2.3 cm long by 1.4-1.5 cm wide. Stamens six, connate proximally into a short, externally white 6-lobed staminal corona, stained yellowish-green internally towards the base, 5-6 mm long and 1.3-1.4 cm diam, the lobes deltoid with a mucronate apex, each 5-6 mm long and 5-6 mm wide; free portion of stamens filiform, inserted at the sinus between each lobe of the corona, incurved, white, 8-9 mm long; anthers narrowly oblong, sagittate at the base, introrse, 17-18 mm long and 2-2.1 mm wide, pollen bright yellow. Style exserted, filiform, creamy white, with translucent papillae distally, 80-83 mm long; stigma 3-lobed, white to slightly yellow, 1.5-1.6 mm wide. Ovary inferior, turbinate, 3-locular, 15-18 mm long, 6-7 mm wide; ovules numerous, superposed in two vertical rows in each locule. Capsule tricoccous, green
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="101" start="start">when</pageBreakToken>
|
||
young, becoming glaucous with age, 2.4-2.6 cm high 3.5-4 cm wide, loculicidally dehiscent; seeds 100-105, flattened, slightly polyhedral, narrowly winged on the edges, covered with a lustrous, brittle, black phytomelanous testa, 17 to 18 mm long, 7 to 7.3 mm wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="102" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="102" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and ecology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Leiva & Meerow" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus milagroanthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="milagroanthus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Clinanthus milagroanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from the local area of the type collection where it is moderately abundant. Despite having searched the surrounding area, it has so far been limited to the area of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muräne">Muraene</normalizedToken>
|
||
along the Salpo-Pagash road in the Department of La Libertad, Prov. Otuzco, District Salpo, ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="16.4" value="-8.021222">8°01'16.4"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="16.2" value="-78.554504">78°33'16.2"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, at 2824 m elevation, as a member of the grass and shrub vegetation on the edges of the road, preferring moist, black organic soil among rocks. Some associated species include
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mattf" authorityYear="1929" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Escalloniaceae" genus="Escallonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Escallonia micrantha" order="Escalloniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="micrantha">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Escallonia micrantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mattf. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Escalloniaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Escalloniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Escalloniaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens triplinervia" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triplinervia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Bidens triplinervia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kunth (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cactaceae" genus="Austrocyndropuntia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Austrocyndropuntia subulata subsp. exaltata" order="Cactales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="subSpecies" species="subulata" subSpecies="exaltata">Austrocyndropuntia subulata subsp. exaltata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A. Berger) D. R. Hunt (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cactaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Cactales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Cactaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vicia andicola" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Vicia andicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kunth (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Puya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Puya casmichensis" order="Bromeliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="casmichensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Puya casmichensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. B. Sm. (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Bromeliaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Bromeliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hook" authorityYear="1835" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Begoniaceae" genus="Begonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Begonia geraniifolia" order="Violales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="geraniifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Begonia geraniifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hook. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Begoniaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Violales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Begoniaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cav" authorityYear="1799" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Passiflora peduncularis" order="Violales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="peduncularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Passiflora peduncularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cav. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Passifloraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Violales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Passifloraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and unidentifed
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Smallanthu" lsidName="Smallanthu" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Smallanthu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s Mack.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Verbesina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Verbesina" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Verbesina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lupinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lupinus" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Lupinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Leiva & Meerow" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus milagroanthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="milagroanthus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Clinanthus milagroanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flowers with the first rains in November or December, continuing through fruit maturation until March or April.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="102" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Current conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
|
||
Using the criteria of the IUCN (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN Species Survival Commission" journalOrPublisher="International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" refId="B8" refString="IUCN Species Survival Commission, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria Version 3.1. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland" title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria Version 3.1" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Leiva & Meerow" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus milagroanthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="milagroanthus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Clinanthus milagroanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered critically endangered (CR). The extent of its range is less than 100 km2 around the type locality (Criterion B1), is known from a single population (Criterion B1a) with less than 100 mature individuals in the population, and is projected to decline further (Criterion B1b). It may have been impacted by construction of the road between Salpo to Pagash or Platanar. However, there has not been an assessment of whether it experienced a decline in its range from this event. The species requires a thorough study of ecology, population structure and distribution to clarify its status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="102" type="vernacular name">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Vernacular name.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
|
||
"cebolla de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="peña.”">pena."</normalizedToken>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="102" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
|
||
The specific epithet honors Ms. Milagros Leiva Salinas, a student of Human Medicine, who has been studying the phytochemistry of Peruvian genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="1821" family="Amaryllidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" rank="family">Amaryllidaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="102" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-04-01" collectorName="S. Leiva, M. Leiva" country="PERU" elevation="2824" latitude="-8.021222" location="Murane" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.554504" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="La Libertad">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="PERÚ">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Dpto.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="La Libertad">La Libertad</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Prov. Otuzco, Dist. Salpo, arriba del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Murañe">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F8291732AE052D8A2909A511B6CEF83:A230D029D5CCBEFF0243638AD6133BD7" country="PERU" latitude="-8.021222" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.554504" name="Murane" stateProvince="La Libertad">Murane</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
(ruta Salpo-Pagash),
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="16.4" value="-8.021222">8°01'16.4"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="16.2" value="-78.554504">78°33'16.2"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.824" unit="m" value="2824.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.824" unit="m" value="2824.0">2824 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2013-04-01">1 Apr 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<collectorName>S. Leiva</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>M. Leiva</collectorName>
|
||
5443
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(HAO)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">
|
||
We have used the original orthography for the names cited below. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Callithauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Callithauma" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Callithauma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Herbert was established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="James Ridgeway & Sons, London" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" refId="B5" refString="Herbert, W, 1837. Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway & Sons, London" title="Amaryllidaceae" year="1837">Herbert (1837)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to accommodate
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herb" authorityYear="1837" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pav." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Callithauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Callithauma viridiflorum" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="viridiflorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Callithauma viridiflorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(R. & P.) Herbert. He later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Curtis' Botanical Magazine" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" refId="B7" refString="Herbert, W, 1841. Callithauma viridiflorum. Curtis' Botanical Magazine 67" title="Callithauma viridiflorum." volume="67" year="1841">Herbert 1841</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described a second sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herb" authorityYear="1841" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Callithauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Callithauma angustifolium" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="angustifolium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Callithauma angustifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which he distinguished by its narrower leaves, smaller flowers, exserted style and 3-lobed stigma.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bentham, G" journalOrPublisher="Genera Plantarum" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" refId="B4" refString="Bentham, G, Hooker, JD, 1883. . Genera Plantarum 3, 733 pp." volume="3" year="1883">Bentham and Hooker (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
subsumed the genus under
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="1821" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Stenomesson</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baker, JG" journalOrPublisher="Saunders Refugium Botanicum" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" refId="B2" refString="Baker, JG, 1878. Callithauma viridiflorum var. elwesii Baker. In: Gardeners Chronicle., 77 pp." title="Callithauma viridiflorum var. elwesii Baker." volumeTitle="Gardeners Chronicle." year="1878">Baker (1878)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1888" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Callithauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Callithauma viridiflorum subsp. var. var. elwesii" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="variety" species="viridiflorum" subSpecies="var." variety="elwesii">Callithauma viridiflorum var. elwesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Macbride, F" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" pagination="3 - 35" refId="B10" refString="Macbride, F, 1931. Spermatophytes mostly Peruvian III. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 11: 3 - 35" title="Spermatophytes mostly Peruvian III." volume="11" year="1931">Macbride (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
raised to the rank of species in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="1821" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Stenomesson</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baker, JG" journalOrPublisher="George Bell & Sons, London" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.title.15516" refId="B3" refString="Baker, JG, 1888. Handbook of the Amaryllideae, including the Alstroemerieae and Agaveae. George Bell & Sons, London, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.15516" title="Handbook of the Amaryllideae, including the Alstroemerieae and Agaveae." url="10.5962/bhl.title.15516" year="1888">Baker (1888)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
appeared to reduce
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Curtis' Botanical Magazine" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" refId="B7" refString="Herbert, W, 1841. Callithauma viridiflorum. Curtis' Botanical Magazine 67" title="Callithauma viridiflorum." volume="67" year="1841">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Herbert’s">Herbert's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1841)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herb" authorityYear="1841" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Callithauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Callithauma angustifolium" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="angustifolium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Callithauma angustifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson viridiflorum" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Stenomesson viridiflorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ravenna, PF" journalOrPublisher="Plant Life" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" pagination="77 - 79" refId="B12" refString="Ravenna, PF, 1971. Stenomesson mirabile Rav. sp. nov. Plant Life 27: 77 - 79" title="Stenomesson mirabile Rav. sp. nov." volume="27" year="1971">Ravenna (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ravenna" authorityYear="1971" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson mirabile" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabile">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Stenomesson mirabile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and assigned it to subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Callithauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Callithauma" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Callithauma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(but
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="didn’t">didn't</normalizedToken>
|
||
formally validate the new subgenus). He later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ravenna, PF" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" pagination="215 - 218" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.part.16903" refId="B13" refString="Ravenna, PF, 1988. Anax and Callithauma, two genera of Amaryllidaceae - Eustephieae from Peru. Phytologia 64: 215 - 218, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.16903" title="Anax and Callithauma, two genera of Amaryllidaceae - Eustephieae from Peru." url="10.5962/bhl.part.16903" volume="64" year="1988">Ravenna 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) restablished the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Callithauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Callithauma" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Callithauma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with only
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herb" authorityYear="1837" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pav." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Callithauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Callithauma viridiflorum" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="viridiflorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Callithauma viridiflorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, noting its relationship to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Paramongaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paramongaia" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Paramongaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and erected a new genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Anax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anax" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Anax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ravenna, with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ravenna" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Baker" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Anax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anax elwesii" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elwesii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Anax elwesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Baker) Ravenna as the type species, and including
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ravenna" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Ravenna" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Anax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anax mirabilis" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="102">Anax mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ravenna) Ravenna.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ravenna, PF" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" pagination="215 - 218" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.part.16903" refId="B13" refString="Ravenna, PF, 1988. Anax and Callithauma, two genera of Amaryllidaceae - Eustephieae from Peru. Phytologia 64: 215 - 218, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.16903" title="Anax and Callithauma, two genera of Amaryllidaceae - Eustephieae from Peru." url="10.5962/bhl.part.16903" volume="64" year="1988">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ravenna’s">Ravenna's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1988)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
diagnostic
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="103" start="start">characters</pageBreakToken>
|
||
for distinguishing these two genera were somewhat ambiguous.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Meerow, AW" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="5" pageNumber="104" pagination="708 - 726" publicationUrl="10.2307/2666729" refId="B11" refString="Meerow, AW, Guy, CL, Li, Q-B, Yang, S-L, 2000. Phylogeny of the American Amaryllidaceae based on nrDNA ITS sequences. Systematic Botany 25: 708 - 726, DOI: 10.2307/2666729" title="Phylogeny of the American Amaryllidaceae based on nrDNA ITS sequences." url="10.2307/2666729" volume="25" year="2000">Meerow et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed clear molecular evidence that the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="1821" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="103">Stenomesson</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was polyphyletic, and established the new tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="1821" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Clinantheae">Clinantheae</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="1821" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="103">Clinanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stapf" authorityYear="1933" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Pamianthe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pamianthe" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="103">Pamianthe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sealy and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Paramongaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paramongaia" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="103">Paramongaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Velarde" authorityYear="1949" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Paramongaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paramongaia weberbaueri" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="weberbaueri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="103">Paramongaia weberbaueri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Velarde and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ravenna" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus mirabilis" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="103">Clinanthus mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were resolved as sister species, in a clade in turn sister to three other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="1821" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="103">Clinanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We are in the process and obtaining a larger number of DNA sequences of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="1821" family="Amaryllidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="103" rank="tribe" tribe="Clinantheae">Clinantheae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to better evaluate the generic limits within the tribe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |