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<document id="89344E18372A679E69308A61BA611C83" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7258597-fa96-4b98-a6f8-aecc1f8779d5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-ZooBank="C21A07A7-3AD9-4AA2-8426-EAB08BA396E6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1479454031938" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira Júnior 12,, Er Quiñones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, Tín Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Quíria B. &amp; Onio C. Marques 2,11" docDate="2016" docId="3F6387A9FF45E2E085D8FA1FDE1960B4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4194.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4194 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Obelia dichotoma Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="170" masterDocId="C35AFFD1FFEDE249854FFFD3DD0E6529" masterDocTitle="Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters" masterLastPageNumber="256" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1698394114374" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8C67D54BB38ED454E870056532397B43">Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0BBCF2898D95D9B15AD345BB50277E6A">Es W. Mianzan 10,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="18B54BC769026B462336DA41D3FD6145">Ro E. Migotto 11,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="21440327D843E9FB87A6F2AC9AC01B26">Eli Nogueira Júnior 12,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="28B558A3ADA77E201DC3DB60C0F36E9A">Er Quiñones 13,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C30D68943BC5B5D3A6A6C278063C0133">Izio Scarabino 14,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DB023CDC1EFC113EE56F6E045887DF3E">Tín Schiariti 10,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C06142DAA4A83929C02C0C8BB15E4D45">Io N. Stampar 15,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="54BE988D9C1CB058EAF2A392D8D784DA">, Quíria B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="440FAE42E49EF1F4D7B00C42F05C8551">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="46B9CF05345044A21518F9578B5EACB5">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E54B3083D9F73D20035F54BE66C0CF0A">2016-11-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0E99C8A3AF45A68E0931807F1AA1F9E4">4194</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="29EC44D37B3E7716D4625F9977E3D02B">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BAC2FEBD7CA88A431735D44E5BA4AF49" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E4683BF340C8971CA35B285A9E03C4D5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3F6387A9FF45E2E085D8FA1FDE1960B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4513210" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124787834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4513210" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F6387A9FF45E2E085D8FA1FDE1960B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F6387A9FF45E2E085D8FA1FDE1960B4" lastPageId="169" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<subSubSection id="FFD06534FF45E2E085D8FA1FDFD365D1" lastPageId="169" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B77536BFFF45E2E185D8FA1FDF3F60CC" blockId="168.[151,561,1484,1509]" box="[151,561,1484,1509]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<heading id="EC3D81D3FF45E2E185D8FA1FDF3F60CC" bold="true" box="[151,561,1484,1509]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E185D8FA1FDF3F60CC" ID-CoL="488XW" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,561,1484,1509]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E185D8FA1FDF3F60CC" bold="true" box="[151,561,1484,1509]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E185D8FA1FDC6A60CC" bold="true" box="[151,356,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Obelia dichotoma</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B77536BFFF45E2E085D8F9C7DFD365D1" blockId="168.[151,1436,1556,2013]" lastBlockId="169.[151,1436,151,1437]" lastPageId="169" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
Synonyms in the area:
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E184E6F9C7DE736305" authority="Meyen, 1834" authorityName="Meyen" authorityYear="1834" box="[425,893,1556,1581]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E184E6F9C7DFD76304" box="[425,729,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Campanularia brasiliensis</emphasis>
Meyen, 1834
</taxonomicName>
[polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E186A1F9C7DDD36379" authority="Jaderholm, 1904b" authorityName="Jaderholm" authorityYear="1904" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obtusidens">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E186A1F9C7D81B6304" box="[1006,1301,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Campanularia obtusidens</emphasis>
Jäderholm, 1904b
</taxonomicName>
p. 2 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E184CAF9E4DF4D6379" box="[389,579,1591,1616]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E184CAF9E4DF4D6379" box="[389,579,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Obelia angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Stechow 1914, 1919; Vannucci 1951a; Blanco 1968, 1994a; Genzano &amp; Zamponi 1997, 2003; Genzano
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E1874FF98EDF34635C" box="[512,570,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2009a [polyp];?
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E187B0F98FD92B635C" box="[767,1061,1628,1653]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obtusidens">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E187B0F98FD92B635C" box="[767,1061,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Campanularia obtusidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Nutting 1915 p. 44; Vannucci 1951a [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E1840DF9ACDF0E63B1" box="[322,512,1663,1688]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flabellata">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E1840DF9ACDF0E63B1" box="[322,512,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Obelia flabellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Nutting 1915 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E18658F9ACD91863B1" box="[791,1046,1663,1688]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Laomedea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longicyatha">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E18658F9ACD91863B1" box="[791,1046,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Laomedea longicyatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Leloup 1935 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E18068F9ACDDFD6395" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Laomedea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sargassi">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E18068F9ACDDFD6395" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Laomedea sargassi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Leloup 1935 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E1874BF977DFDD6394" box="[516,723,1700,1725]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longicyatha">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E1874BF977DFDD6394" box="[516,723,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Clytia longicyatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Fraser 1938a [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E186A7F977D9AC6394" box="[1000,1186,1700,1725]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternata">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E186A7F977D9AC6394" box="[1000,1186,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Obelia alternata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Fraser 1938a, 1948; Calder
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E185A2F91ADC2463C9" box="[237,298,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2003, 2009 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E18767F914D90E63C9" authority="Fraser, 1938a" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1938" box="[552,1024,1735,1760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="equilateralis">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E18767F914DE0063C9" box="[552,782,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Obelia equilateralis</emphasis>
Fraser, 1938a, 1948
</taxonomicName>
, Calder
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E1812CF91AD99063C9" box="[1123,1182,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2009 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E1801FF914DC01622C" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obtusidens">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E1801FF914DC01622C" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Obelia obtusidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Fraser 1938a, 1948 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E1873CF93FDE19622C" box="[627,791,1772,1797]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plicata">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E1873CF93FDE19622C" box="[627,791,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Obelia plicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Fraser 1938a, 1939, 1948; Calder
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E181F3F93ED9F9622C" box="[1212,1271,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2003 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E185D8F8DCDF236201" authority="Fraser, 1938a" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,557,1807,1832]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E185D8F8DCDC3E6201" box="[151,304,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Obelia tenuis</emphasis>
Fraser, 1938a, 1938b
</taxonomicName>
, 1939, 1948; Calder
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E1866FF8C2DE556201" box="[800,859,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2003, 2009 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E1811CF8DCD8246201" box="[1107,1322,1807,1832]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E1811CF8DCD8246201" box="[1107,1322,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Obelia braziliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Nutting 1915; Vannucci Mendes 1946; Vannucci 1951a [incorrect subsequent spelling] [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E18139F8E7D8166265" box="[1142,1304,1844,1869]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="griffini">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E18139F8E7D8166265" box="[1142,1304,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Obelia griffini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Vannucci Mendes 1946; Vannucci 1949, 1951a, 1954 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E187B3F884DED66259" box="[764,984,1879,1904]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brazilienses">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E187B3F884DED66259" box="[764,984,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Obelia brazilienses</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Vannucci 1949 [incorrect subsequent spelling] [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E1842FF8AFDF0862BC" box="[352,518,1916,1941]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E1842FF8AFDF0862BC" box="[352,518,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Obelia hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Vannucci 1949, 1951a; Blanco 1967b, 1994a; Genzano &amp; Zamponi 1997 [polyp]; Vannucci 1955 [polyp and medusa];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E1871DF873DE5E6290" box="[594,848,1952,1977]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="commissuralis">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E1871DF873DE5E6290" box="[594,848,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Obelia commissuralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Vannucci 1951a, 1951b, 1954 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF45E2E1801FF873DDE262F4" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E1801FF873DDE262F4" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Obelia gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Blanco 1967d, 1994a; Blanco &amp; Bellusci de Miralles 1972; Genzano
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF45E2E18151F816D95762F4" box="[1054,1113,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
1991; Genzano &amp; Zamponi 1997 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E08419FF44DFB66599" box="[342,696,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Laomedea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="congdoni" subGenus="Obelia">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08419FF44DFB66599" box="[342,696,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Laomedea (Obelia) congdoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Vervoort 1968; Mergner 1977, 1987 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E08065FF44DDF265FC" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Laomedea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="congdoni">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08065FF44DDF265FC" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Laomedea congdoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Wedler 1975 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E0875BFF6FDE0D65FC" box="[532,771,188,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Laomedea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E0875BFF6FDE0D65FC" box="[532,771,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Laomedea dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Wedler 1975 [polyp];
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E08155FF6FD9EA65FC" box="[1050,1252,188,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longissima">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08155FF6FD9EA65FC" box="[1050,1252,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Obelia longissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Milstein 1976 [part] [non
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E0845DFF0CDF7665D1" authority="Pallas, 1766" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" box="[274,632,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longissima">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E0845DFF0CDCD765D1" box="[274,473,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Obelia longissima</emphasis>
(Pallas, 1766)
</taxonomicName>
] [polyp].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FFD06534FF44E2E08588FED7DE1960B4" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B77536BFFF44E2E08588FED7DF706469" blockId="169.[151,1436,151,1437]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
Remarks:
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E08471FED7DF096434" box="[318,519,260,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08471FED7DF096434" box="[318,519,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Obelia dichotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E087ACFED7DEA16434" box="[739,943,260,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longissima">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E087ACFED7DEA16434" box="[739,943,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Obelia longissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, consequently, the distribution of both species is unclear (see
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E084C2FEFBDF2A6469" box="[397,548,295,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longissima">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E084C2FEFBDF2A6469" box="[397,548,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">O. longissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B77536BFFF44E2E08588FE9FD9C166C4" blockId="169.[151,1436,151,1437]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
Distribution in
<collectingRegion id="750EF85DFF44E2E0843AFE9FDCB9644C" box="[373,439,332,357]" country="Maldives" name="Dhekunu" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">South</collectingRegion>
America: polyp—Pacific Ocean,
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E08674FE9FDEA2644C" box="[827,940,332,357]" name="Colombia" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, at
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E08699FE9FD928644D" box="[982,1062,332,356]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="2.99">2.99°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E08160FE9FD9AC644D" box="[1071,1186,332,356]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="55" value="-78.199">78.199°W</geoCoordinate>
in Gorgona
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E0807BFE9FD875644C" box="[1332,1403,332,357]" name="Iceland" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Island</collectingCountry>
, at
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E085D8FEBCDDE964A1" box="[151,231,367,392]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="6.78">6.78°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E085BEFEBCDC5B64A1" box="[241,341,367,392]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-77.6">77.60°W</geoCoordinate>
in Octavia Bay, at
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E08775FEBCDF8564A1" box="[570,651,367,392]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="5.99">5.99°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E087DAFEBCDFF764A1" box="[661,761,367,392]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-77.36">77.36°W</geoCoordinate>
in Port Utria,
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E086E9FEBCD90B64A1" box="[934,1029,367,392]" name="Ecuador" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, from
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E0811CFEA3D99864A1" box="[1107,1174,368,392]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="5555" value="0.3">0.3°N</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E081F0FEBCD9F264A1" box="[1215,1276,367,392]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="5555" value="-1.5">1.5°S</geoCoordinate>
in
<collectingRegion id="750EF85DFF44E2E08069FEBCD89264A1" box="[1318,1436,367,392]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
Archipelago, at
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E08402FE47DC976485" box="[333,409,404,428]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-1.28">1.28°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E084EEFE47DF0B6485" box="[417,517,404,428]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-81.07">81.07°W</geoCoordinate>
in
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E08764FE47DF5A6484" box="[555,596,404,429]" name="Iceland" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Isla</collectingCountry>
La Plata, at
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E087AAFE47DE3F6485" box="[741,817,404,428]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-2.18">2.18°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E08676FE47DE906485" box="[825,926,404,428]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-80.9">80.90°W</geoCoordinate>
in
<collectingRegion id="750EF85DFF44E2E0868BFE46D9456484" box="[964,1099,404,429]" country="Peru" name="La Libertad" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">La Libertad</collectingRegion>
, at
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E0813BFE47D9B36484" box="[1140,1213,404,429]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-2.16">2.16ºS</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E0818AFE47D8266485" box="[1221,1320,404,428]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-80.94">80.94ºW</geoCoordinate>
, at
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E0801FFE47D8926485" box="[1360,1436,404,428]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-2.18">2.18°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E085D8FE6BDDF264F9" box="[151,252,440,464]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-80.93">80.93°W</geoCoordinate>
and at
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E08403FE6BDC9B64F9" box="[332,405,440,464]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-2.21">2.21ºS</geoCoordinate>
80ºW in
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E084B2FE6BDF8C64F9" box="[509,642,439,464]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<collectingRegion id="750EF85DFF44E2E084B2FE6BDF8C64F9" box="[509,642,439,464]" country="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" name="Saint Helena" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Santa Elena</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
Bay, at
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E08793FE64DE3B64F9" box="[732,821,439,464]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-15.25">15.25°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E08673FE64DEAE64F9" box="[828,928,439,464]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-75.24">75.24°W</geoCoordinate>
in
<collectingRegion id="750EF85DFF44E2E0868BFE64D90B64F9" box="[964,1029,439,464]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Bahia</collectingRegion>
San Nicolás,
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E081D0FE64D9D064F9" box="[1183,1246,439,464]" name="Chile" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Chile</collectingCountry>
, from
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E08069FE6BD88E64F9" box="[1318,1408,440,464]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-22.08">22.08°S</geoCoordinate>
to 54°S (Jäderholm 1904b p. 2; Nutting 1915 p. 44; Leloup, 1974 p. 18–19; Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1939, 1948; Galea 2007 p. 91–93; Calder
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E084EFFDD2DCD46731" box="[416,474,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2003, 2009; Galea
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E087F1FDD2DFF66731" box="[702,760,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2007a p. 161, 2007b p. 312, 2009a p. 322, 2009b p. 2, 4); Atlantic Ocean, at
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E08421FDF7DCB96714" box="[366,439,548,573]" name="Aruba" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Aruba</collectingCountry>
, at
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E084AFFDF7DF326714" box="[480,572,548,573]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E08707FDF7DFB76714" box="[584,697,548,573]" name="Colombia" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, at Santa Marta coast,
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E086F0FDF7D93B6714" box="[959,1077,548,573]" name="Venezuela" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, at La Guaira coast, at
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E08070FDF7D8926715" box="[1343,1436,548,572]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="11.13">11.13°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E085D8FD94DDF26749" box="[151,252,583,608]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-63.84">63.84°W</geoCoordinate>
in Margarita
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E084DBFD94DCD56749" box="[404,475,583,608]" name="Iceland" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Island</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E084A8FD94DF256749" box="[487,555,583,608]" name="Brazil" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Brazil</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E08700FD94DFCF6749" box="[591,705,583,608]" name="Argentina" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, from
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E08645FD94DE5B6749" box="[778,853,583,608]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-3.54">3.54°S</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E08636FD9BDEC96749" box="[889,967,584,608]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-4.12">4.12°S</geoCoordinate>
, from
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E0815EFD94D9526749" box="[1041,1116,583,608]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-8.05">8.05°S</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E081CFFD9BD9D36749" box="[1152,1245,584,608]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-13.2">13.20°S</geoCoordinate>
, from
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E08069FD94D8716749" box="[1318,1407,583,608]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-20.5">20.50°S</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E085D8FDBFDDFC67AD" box="[151,242,620,645]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-32.5">32.50°S</geoCoordinate>
, from 34°S to 53°S (Meyen 1834; Nutting 1915; Stechow 1914, 1919; Leloup 1935; Vannucci Mendes 1946; Vannucci 1949, 1951a, 1951b, 1954, 1955; Blanco 1967b, 1967d, 1968, 1994a; Blanco &amp; Bellusci de Miralles 1972; Wedler 1975; Milstein 1976; Bandel &amp; Wedler 1987; El Beshbeeshy 1991, 2011; Genzano
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08194FD66D81D67E4" box="[1243,1299,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
1991, 2002, 2009a; Haddad 1992; Genzano 1994a; Migotto 1996; Genzano &amp; Zamponi 1997, 2003; Grohmann 1997, 2006, 2007, abstract; Grohmann
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08483FD2EDF09663C" box="[460,519,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
1997, 2003; Nogueira
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08658FD2EDE5D663C" box="[791,851,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
1997; Rosso &amp; Marques 1997; Horta
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08058FD2ED85D663C" box="[1303,1363,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2001, abstract; Migotto
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08410FCF2DC996611" box="[351,407,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2001, 2002; Kelmo &amp; Attrill 2003; Marques &amp; Migotto 2003; Oliveira 2003; Bornancin
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E080C7FCF2DDBA6674" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2006, abstract; Marques
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E0849DFC96DF056674" box="[466,523,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2006;
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E08715FC97DFB76674" box="[602,697,836,861]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhodaliidae" genus="Rhodalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="169" pageNumber="176" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miranda">
<collectingRegion id="750EF85DFF44E2E08715FC97DFB76674" box="[602,697,836,861]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Miranda</collectingRegion>
</taxonomicName>
&amp; Marques 2006, abstract; Oliveira
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08117FC96D99F6674" box="[1112,1169,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2006; Bornancin 2008; Oliveira &amp; Marques 2007, 2011; Shimabukuro 2007; Bornancin &amp; Haddad 2008, abstract; Amaral
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08044FCBAD84B66A9" box="[1291,1349,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2010b; Cangussu
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08441FC5EDC47668C" box="[270,329,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2010;
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E084D2FC5FDCE8668C" box="[413,486,908,933]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Cunha</collectingCountry>
&amp; Jacobucci 2010; Genzano 2010; Kremer &amp;
<collectingRegion id="750EF85DFF44E2E08145FC5FD95F668C" box="[1034,1105,908,933]" country="Uruguay" name="Rocha" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Rocha</collectingRegion>
2011; Silveira &amp; Morandini 2011;
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E08591FC7CDC3366E1" box="[222,317,943,968]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhodaliidae" genus="Rhodalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="169" pageNumber="176" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miranda">
<collectingRegion id="750EF85DFF44E2E08591FC7CDC3366E1" box="[222,317,943,968]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Miranda</collectingRegion>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08409FC62DC8E66E1" box="[326,384,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2011, 2015; Bumbeer &amp;
<collectingRegion id="750EF85DFF44E2E087E8FC7CDFE066E1" box="[679,750,943,968]" country="Uruguay" name="Rocha" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Rocha</collectingRegion>
2012; Flynn &amp; Valèrio-Berardo 2012; Marques
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08056FC62D85A66E1" box="[1305,1364,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2013; Velásquez
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08440FC06DC4666C4" box="[271,328,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2013; Fernandez
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E0875EFC06DF4766C4" box="[529,585,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2014, 2015; Masi
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08654FC06DE5D66C4" box="[795,851,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2015; Meretta &amp; Genzano 2015);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B77536BFFF44E2E08588FC24DFD1611D" blockId="169.[151,1436,151,1437]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
medusa—Atlantic Ocean,
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E084A1FC24DF3B6139" box="[494,565,1015,1040]" name="Brazil" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, from 23°S to 25°S,
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E08654FC24DE836139" box="[795,909,1015,1040]" name="Argentina" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, at
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E086FDFC2BD9076139" box="[946,1033,1016,1040]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-38.08">38.08ºS</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D2FE5078FF44E2E0815FFC24D97C6139" box="[1040,1138,1015,1040]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" precision="555" value="-57.51">57.51ºW</geoCoordinate>
(Vannucci 1955; Zamponi &amp; Suarez 1991; Migotto 1996; Migotto
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08718FBCEDF81611C" box="[599,655,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2002).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B77536BFFF44E2E08588FBECDE1960B4" blockId="169.[151,1436,151,1437]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
Habitat: polyp—from intertidal zone to
<quantity id="70329B5AFF44E2E087E2FB93DFE16171" box="[685,751,1088,1112]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="128.0">128m</quantity>
, on algae,
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E08631FBECD9966171" box="[894,1176,1087,1112]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="galapagensis">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08631FBECD9966171" box="[894,1176,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Antipathes galapagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ascidians, barnacles, bryozoans, corals, mussels, decapods,
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E08715FBB6DE146155" box="[602,794,1125,1148]" class="Polychaeta" family="Onuphidae" genus="Diopatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Eunicida" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cuprea">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08715FBB6DE146155" box="[602,794,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Diopatra cuprea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E08662FBB7DE946154" box="[813,922,1124,1149]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Eucidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08662FBB7DE946154" box="[813,922,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Eucidaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., gastropods, gorgonians, hydroids (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E085D8FB54DCAC6189" box="[151,418,1159,1184]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Amphisbetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="operculata">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E085D8FB54DCAC6189" box="[151,418,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Amphisbetia operculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E084FFFB54D98D6189" box="[432,1155,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E084FFFB54DFAB6189" box="[432,677,1159,1184]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="muscus">Bougainvillia muscus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E087FFFB54DE936189" box="[688,925,1159,1184]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Hybocodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chilensis">Hybocodon chilensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E086E6FB54D98D6189" box="[937,1155,1159,1184]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="setacea">Plumularia setacea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E081DEFB54DC6D61EC" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E081DEFB54D89B6189" box="[1169,1429,1159,1184]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polyzonias">Sertularella polyzonias</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E085D8FB7FDC6D61EC" box="[151,355,1196,1221]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Symplectoscyphus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
sp.),
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E084E2FB7EDCFE61ED" box="[429,496,1197,1220]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lepadidae" genus="Lepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E084E2FB7EDCFE61ED" box="[429,496,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Lepas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E0877EFB7ED91561ED" box="[561,1051,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E0877EFB7EDE2C61ED" box="[561,802,1196,1220]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Macrocystis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pyrifera">Macrocystis pyrifera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E0867BFB7FD91561ED" box="[820,1051,1196,1221]" class="Malacostraca" family="Majidae" genus="Mithraculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forceps">Mithraculus forceps</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, polychaete tubes, rocks, shells, sponges, turtle carapaces, test panels, wood (Leloup 1935; Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1948; Vannucci Mendes 1946; Leloup 1974 p. 18–19; Wedler 1975; Bandel &amp; Wedler 1987; Haddad 1992; Migotto 1996; Migotto
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08056FB26D85A6024" box="[1305,1364,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2001; Calder
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E085A6FACADC2C6019" box="[233,290,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2003; Marques &amp; Migotto 2003; Oliveira 2003; Bornancin
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08688FACAD90E6019" box="[967,1024,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2006; Marques
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E081F6FACAD9FC6019" box="[1209,1266,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2006; Oliveira
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E085D8FAEEDDC1607C" box="[151,207,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2006; Bornancin 2008; Galea 2007 p. 91–93; Oliveira &amp; Marques 2007, 2011; Shimabukuro 2007; Calder
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E080C7FAEEDDBA6051" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2009;
<collectingCountry id="CFDD762FFF44E2E0844AFA8CDC406051" box="[261,334,1375,1400]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Cunha</collectingCountry>
&amp; Jacobucci 2010; Genzano 2010;
<taxonomicName id="70CA4D3CFF44E2E087A3FA8CDE456051" box="[748,843,1375,1400]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhodaliidae" genus="Rhodalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="169" pageNumber="176" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="miranda">
<collectingRegion id="750EF85DFF44E2E087A3FA8CDE456051" box="[748,843,1375,1400]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Miranda</collectingRegion>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E0861CFAB2DE836051" box="[851,909,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2011; Velásquez
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E08116FAB2D99D6051" box="[1113,1171,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2013; Fernandez
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E0802DFAB2D8926051" box="[1378,1436,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2014, 2015; Masi
<emphasis id="85BEEAADFF44E2E0842CFA56DC9560B4" box="[355,411,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2015; Meretta &amp; Genzano 2015).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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