439 lines
39 KiB
XML
439 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5254.4.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7732141" ID-ZooBank="96609374-84D0-4032-A3F0-0B19DEAF4E03" approvalRequired="8" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="8" checkinTime="1678782987451" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chandramouli, S. R., Adhikari, Omkar D., Amarasinghe, A. A. Thasun & Abinawanto, A." docDate="2023" docId="1B6487E70F3E3716FF02FB8BEDE2F8A4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5254.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5254 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5254.4.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bronchocela nicobarica Chandramouli & Adhikari & Amarasinghe & Abinawanto 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="505" masterDocId="E75DFF9F0F35371AFF95FFC0EC41FFD6" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 (Reptilia: Agamidae) in the Nicobar Archipelago with the description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="516" masterPageNumber="493" pageNumber="504" updateTime="1678783464556" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of the genus Bronchocela Kaup, 1827 (Reptilia: Agamidae) in the Nicobar Archipelago with the description of two new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chandramouli, S. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-0626-0527</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India findthesnakeman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0626 - 0527</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">findthesnakeman@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Adhikari, Omkar D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-2921-5593</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Collections Department, Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opp. Lion Gate, S. B. S. Road, Fort, Mumbai 400001, India. proahaetulla @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2921 - 5593</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">proahaetulla@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Amarasinghe, A. A. Thasun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4151-1806</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia & Herpetology Lab, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Government of Indonesia, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia thasun. amarasinghe @ ui. ac. id; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4151 - 1806</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">thasun.amarasinghe@ui.ac.id</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Abinawanto, A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-0181-9336</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia & abinawanto. ms @ sci. ui. ac. id; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0181 - 9336</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">abinawanto.ms@sci.ui.ac.id</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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||
<mods:number>2023-03-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5254</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>493</mods:start>
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<mods:end>516</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5254.4.3</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5254.4.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7732141</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">96609374-84D0-4032-A3F0-0B19DEAF4E03</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B6487E70F3E3716FF02FB8BEDE2F8A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B6487E70F3E3716FF02FB8BEDE2F8A4" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">
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<subSubSection box="[151,543,1099,1126]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,543,1099,1162]" box="[151,543,1099,1126]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">
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||
<heading bold="true" box="[151,543,1099,1126]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,543,1099,1126]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">
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<taxonomicName authority="Chandramouli & Adhikari & Amarasinghe & Abinawanto, 2023" authorityName="Chandramouli & Adhikari & Amarasinghe & Abinawanto" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,442,1099,1126]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicobarica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,442,1099,1126]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Bronchocela nicobarica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[449,543,1100,1126]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="504" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[151,543,1099,1162]" box="[151,235,1136,1162]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[159,227,1136,1162]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bronchocela nicobarica sp. nov. (top: Holotype DOSMB 05070, middle: live male, below: live female)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7732155" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7732155/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[151,564,1204,1228]" box="[151,564,1204,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,332,1204,1228]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
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<emphasis box="[151,280,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Bronchocela</emphasis>
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sp. 2
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<bibRefCitation author="Vijayakumar, S. P." box="[358,564,1204,1228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" refId="ref11959" refString="Vijayakumar, S. P. (2005) Status and distribution of Amphibians and Reptiles of the Nicobar Islands, India. Final Report. Rufford Foundation / Madras Crocodile Bank / Wildlife Institute of India, 48 pp." type="book" year="2005">Vijayakumar (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="504" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1274,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-04" collectorName="S. R. Chandramouli" country="India" elevation="23" latitude="7.40637" location="Nicobar Islands" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="93.70894" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,269,1274,1300]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">
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<typeStatus box="[151,264,1274,1300]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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DOSMB 05070, an adult male, collected from Makachua, (
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<geoCoordinate box="[959,1083,1274,1300]" degrees="7.40637" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" precision="1" value="7.40637">7.40637ºN</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1097,1230,1274,1300]" degrees="93.70894" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" precision="1" value="93.70894">93.70894ºE</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation box="[1244,1348,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" unit="m" value="23.0">
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<quantity box="[1244,1303,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" unit="m" value="23.0">23 m</quantity>
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asl
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</elevation>
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.), Little Nicobar,
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<collectingCountry box="[254,433,1310,1336]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[445,503,1310,1336]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">India</collectingCountry>
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by
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<collectorName box="[544,760,1310,1336]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">S.R. Chandramouli</collectorName>
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in
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<date box="[794,920,1310,1336]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" value="2017-04">
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<collectingDate box="[794,920,1310,1336]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" value="2017-04">April 2017</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1274,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-04" county="Little Nicobar Island" elevation="36" latitude="7.29238" location="Makachua" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="93.68415" municipality="Pulo Ulon" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,328,1346,1372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">
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<typeStatus box="[199,323,1346,1372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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DOSMB 05055, an adult male, collected from
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B6487E70F3E3716FF02FB8BEDE2F8A4:9612602A0F3E3711FCFFFA82EFA3FA8A" box="[874,994,1346,1372]" county="Little Nicobar Island" latitude="7.29238" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="93.68415" municipality="Pulo Ulon" name="Makachua" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Makachua</location>
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||
,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B6487E70F3E3716FF02FB8BEDE2F8A4:9612602A0F3E3711FC7BFA82E89EFA8A" box="[1006,1247,1346,1372]" county="Little Nicobar Island" latitude="7.29238" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="93.68415" municipality="Pulo Ulon" name="Little Nicobar Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Little Nicobar Island</location>
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; DOSMB05056, an adult female collected from
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<collectingMunicipality box="[504,619,1382,1408]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Pulo Ulon</collectingMunicipality>
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||
(
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[634,758,1382,1408]" degrees="7.29238" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" precision="1" value="7.29238">7.29238ºN</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[770,904,1382,1409]" degrees="93.68415" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" precision="1" value="93.68415">93.68415ºE</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation box="[916,1017,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" unit="m" value="36.0">
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<quantity box="[916,974,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" unit="m" value="36.0">36 m</quantity>
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asl
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</elevation>
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.),
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<collectingCounty box="[1043,1277,1382,1408]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Little Nicobar Island</collectingCounty>
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in
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<date box="[1313,1436,1382,1408]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" value="2017-04">
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<collectingDate box="[1313,1436,1382,1408]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" value="2017-04">April 2017</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(coll. as above)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="504" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1274,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,338,1454,1480]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Etymology:</emphasis>
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The specific epithet is a toponym, in feminine gender, referring to the distribution (
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<collectingCountry box="[1250,1429,1454,1480]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
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) of the new species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="504" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1274,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,672,1526,1552]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Differential diagnosis and comparisons:</emphasis>
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A species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1827" box="[820,962,1526,1552]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[820,962,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Bronchocela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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endemic to the Southern group of
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<collectingCountry name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
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, excluding Great Nicobar, characterized by small body size (
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<quantity box="[941,1137,1562,1589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.368" metricValueMax="7.904" metricValueMin="6.831999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" unit="mm" value="73.68" valueMax="79.04" valueMin="68.32">68.32–79.04 mm</quantity>
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SVL); relative tail length comparatively shorter (319 % SVL in
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<taxonomicName authority="Chandramouli & Adhikari & Amarasinghe & Abinawanto, 2023" authorityName="Chandramouli & Adhikari & Amarasinghe & Abinawanto" authorityYear="2023" box="[585,738,1598,1624]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicobarica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[585,738,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">B. nicobarica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[746,837,1598,1624]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[746,837,1598,1624]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
<emphasis box="[845,917,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">versus</emphasis>
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331% in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tiwari & Biswas" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1027,1137,1598,1624]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danieli">
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||
<emphasis box="[1027,1137,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">B. danieli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
); 62–63 scalerows around mid-body (
|
||
<emphasis box="[275,347,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">versus</emphasis>
|
||
greater,
|
||
<quantity box="[441,538,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7271999999999998" metricValueMax="1.8034" metricValueMin="1.6509999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" unit="in" value="68.0" valueMax="71.0" valueMin="65.0">65–71 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tiwari & Biswas" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[543,651,1634,1660]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danieli">
|
||
<emphasis box="[543,651,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">B. danieli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
), of which, the first three rows on the dorsum oriented posterodorsally, the next two rows oriented posteriorly (
|
||
<emphasis box="[587,659,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">versus</emphasis>
|
||
four in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tiwari & Biswas" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[745,853,1670,1696]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danieli">
|
||
<emphasis box="[745,853,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">B. danieli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
), followed by 10–11 rows oriented posteroventrally; 10–12 slightly enlarged, relatively short scales forming the nuchal crest; dorsal crest rudimentary; three postmentals; eight supralabials; 7–9 infralabials; four canthals; 7–9 supraciliaries; 30–33 subdigital lamellae (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1229,1301,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">versus</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[1307,1406,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.604" metricValueMax="6.858" metricValueMin="6.35" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" unit="in" value="26.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="25.0">25–27 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tiwari & Biswas" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danieli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">B. danieli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
) under toe IV; 76–80 ventrals; pale green dorsal colouration with a black coloured ring around the eyes in males, but males lacking the characteristic dark patch behind the eye (
|
||
<emphasis box="[952,1024,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">versus</emphasis>
|
||
always present in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tiwari & Biswas" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1237,1348,1814,1840]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="danieli">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1237,1348,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">B. danieli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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) (
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,239,764,788]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of morphological characters of Bronchocela spp. of the Nicobar Islands and B. cristatella" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1274,2021]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,537,1886,1912]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[425,532,1886,1912]" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
An adult male, measuring
|
||
<quantity box="[850,966,1886,1913]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.904" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" unit="mm" value="79.04">79.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL; with a short, incomplete tail and a long and slender body (AG:SVL 0.45). Tail
|
||
<quantity box="[657,754,1922,1949]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="11" pageNumber="504" unit="mm" value="134.0">134 mm</quantity>
|
||
, broken and incomplete. Head large (HL:SVL 0.27); longer than broad (HL:HW 1.67) and broader than deep (HW:HD 1.21). Snout long (ES:HL 0.43) with a blunt, rounded tip. Canthus rostralis sharply defined, with four canthal scales. Eyes fairly large, more than 1/4
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1172,1185,1994,2008]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="504">th</superScript>
|
||
the length of the head (ED:HL 0.27); tympanum nearly triangular, relatively small, less than half as large as the eye (TYH:ED 0.46) and black in colour. Scales between the eye and tympanum slightly enlarged and keeled, in four rows. Nasal relatively large, with a pointed anterior and rounded posterior ends. Scales on the check below the tympanum elongated and feebly keeled. Mental triangular, bounded by three small postmentals; two larger ones on the sides with a small scale in between and seven infralabials on either sides. Rostrum with a small bulge above the rostral scale, bounded by eight supralabials on each side. Nostrils separated from each other by nine small internasals. Nuchal crest composed of twelve slightly enlarged, triangular scales projecting posterodorsally. Dorsal body scales relatively small, feebly keeled and homogeneous, in 62 rows around the mid-body. Of the dorsal scales, the first two rows on the dorsum on either sides oriented posteriorly; the next three rows of scales oriented posterodorsally, with the rest of the scales on the lateral body oriented posteroventrally. Ventrals
|
||
<quantity box="[778,838,475,501]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9304" pageId="12" pageNumber="505" unit="in" value="76.0">76 in</quantity>
|
||
a longitudinal series; much larger and broader than the dorsal scales, bearing a strong median keel, projecting posteriorly towards the lower vertex. Limbs relatively slender and elongate; upper arm long and slender (UAL:SVL 0.21); lower arm nearly as long as the upper arm (UAL:LAL 1.07); palm shorter than the lower arm (LAL:PAL 1.21). Fingers long and slender, relative length of fingers IV>III>V>II>I. Thigh long and slender (FEL:SVL 0.27); tibia nearly as long as the thighs (FEL:TBL 0.99); foot elongated, slightly longer than thigh (FEL:FOL 0.92). Hindlimbs much longer than half the body length (HLL: SVL 0.85). Relative lengths of toes IV>III>V>II>I; 30 subdigital lamellae under toe IV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption box="[151,1363,764,788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="505" startId="12.[151,239,764,788]">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1363,764,788]" box="[151,1363,764,788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,266,764,788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of morphological characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[745,931,764,788]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[745,880,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Bronchocela</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Nicobar Islands and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[1225,1363,764,788]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">B. cristatella</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<table box="[166,1391,805,1509]" gridcols="6" gridrows="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,805,865]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="505" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th box="[444,575,805,865]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[444,575,805,829]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[444,575,805,829]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">B. cristatella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[444,569,841,865]" pageId="12" pageNumber="505" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[633,813,805,865]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Chandramouli & Adhikari & Amarasinghe & Abinawanto, 2023" authorityName="Chandramouli & Adhikari & Amarasinghe & Abinawanto" authorityYear="2023" box="[633,813,805,829]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanopalpebra" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[633,813,805,829]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">B. cyanopalpebra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[633,713,841,865]" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[633,713,841,865]" pageId="12" pageNumber="505" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[871,1023,805,865]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hallermann" authorityYear="2009" box="[871,1023,805,829]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubrigularis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[871,1023,805,829]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">B. rubrigularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[1084,1222,805,865]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Chandramouli & Adhikari & Amarasinghe & Abinawanto, 2023" authorityName="Chandramouli & Adhikari & Amarasinghe & Abinawanto" authorityYear="2023" box="[1084,1222,805,829]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Bronchocela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicobarica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1084,1222,805,829]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">B. nicobarica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1084,1165,841,865]" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1084,1165,841,865]" pageId="12" pageNumber="505" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[1275,1391,805,865]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1275,1373,805,829]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">B. danieli</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,881,905]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,881,905]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Sample size</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,881,905]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">13</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,881,905]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">9</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,881,905]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">11</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,881,905]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,881,905]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,921,945]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,921,945]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">SVL</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,921,945]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">79.4–105.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,921,945]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">75.1–103.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,921,945]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">82.3–106.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,921,945]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">68.32–79.04</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,921,945]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">72.62–79.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,961,986]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,961,986]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Relative tail length</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,961,986]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">330–390 %</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,961,986]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">334 %</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,961,986]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">343 %</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,961,986]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">319 %</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,961,986]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">331–343 %</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,1001,1026]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,1001,1026]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Midbody scalerows</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,1001,1026]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">61–79</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,1001,1026]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">56–78</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,1001,1026]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">50–58</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,1001,1026]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">62–63</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,1001,1026]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">65–71</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,1042,1066]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,1042,1066]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Dsorsally oriented</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,1042,1066]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">1–2</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,1042,1066]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,1042,1066]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">2–3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,1042,1066]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,1042,1066]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,1082,1106]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,1082,1106]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Posteriorly oriented</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,1082,1106]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">3–7</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,1082,1106]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">1–3</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,1082,1106]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">4–5</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,1082,1106]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">2</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,1082,1106]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,1122,1147]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,1122,1147]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Ventrally oriented</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,1122,1147]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">24</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,1122,1147]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">14–22</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,1122,1147]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">10–11</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,1122,1147]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">10–11</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,1122,1147]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">12–13</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,1162,1187]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,1162,1187]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Crest scales</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,1162,1187]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">10–15</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,1162,1187]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">7–12</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,1162,1187]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">10–11</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,1162,1187]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">10–12</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,1162,1187]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,1203,1227]" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,1203,1227]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Postmentals</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,1203,1227]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,1203,1227]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,1203,1227]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,1203,1227]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">3</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,1203,1227]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,1243,1267]" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,1243,1267]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Supralabials</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,1243,1267]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">10</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,1243,1267]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">9–10</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,1243,1267]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">7–10</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,1243,1267]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">8</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,1243,1267]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">8–9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,1283,1307]" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,1283,1307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Infralabials</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,1283,1307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">9</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,1283,1307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">8–10</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,1283,1307]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">7–10</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,1283,1307]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">7–9</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,1283,1307]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">8–9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,1323,1348]" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,1323,1348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Canthals</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,1323,1348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">4–5</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,1323,1348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">5–6</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,1323,1348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,1323,1348]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,1323,1348]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">4–5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,1364,1388]" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,1364,1388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Toe IV lamellae</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,1364,1388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">31–34</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,1364,1388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">32–43</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,1364,1388]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">27–32</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,1364,1388]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">30–33</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,1364,1388]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">25–27</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,1404,1429]" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,1404,1429]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Eyelids</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,1404,1429]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">green</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,1404,1429]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">blue</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,1404,1429]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">yellow</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,1404,1429]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">grey</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,1404,1429]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">black</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,1444,1469]" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,1444,1469]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Eye patch in males</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,1444,1469]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">absent</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,1444,1469]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">absent</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,1444,1469]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">absent</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,1444,1469]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">absent</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,1444,1469]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">present</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[166,1391,1484,1509]" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<th box="[166,366,1484,1509]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Hindlimb L:SVL</th>
|
||
<td box="[444,575,1484,1509]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">0.95</td>
|
||
<td box="[633,813,1484,1509]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">0.86</td>
|
||
<td box="[871,1023,1484,1509]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">0.77–0.93</td>
|
||
<td box="[1084,1222,1484,1509]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">0.88</td>
|
||
<td box="[1275,1391,1484,1509]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">0.87–0.89</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1443,1556,1906]" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Dorsal coloration (in life) dull green throughout the body, head pale brown; tip of the tail brownish. Ventral side of the head and body of a lighter shade of green than the dorsum. Tympanum black, lacking a dark eye-patch. Upon preservation, much of the green body colouration decolorized to uniform grey on the head and body. Venter uniform pale white.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1443,1556,1906]" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,321,1700,1726]" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements and scale-counts of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[769,876,1701,1727]" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1072,1158,1700,1726]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="15.[144,232,466,492]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements and scale counts of Bronchocela spp. of the Nicobar Islands and B. criatatella" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
. Female slightly smaller than males, uniform green dorsally, lacking nuchal crest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="505" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1443,1556,1906]" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,599,1772,1798]" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Distribution and Natural history:</emphasis>
|
||
Recorded only on Little Nicobar during the present study. However, it has been reported from other smaller islands in the southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[797,974,1808,1834]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
such as Menchal, Kondul and Pilo Milo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vijayakumar, S. P." box="[158,380,1844,1871]" pageId="12" pageNumber="505" refId="ref11959" refString="Vijayakumar, S. P. (2005) Status and distribution of Amphibians and Reptiles of the Nicobar Islands, India. Final Report. Rufford Foundation / Madras Crocodile Bank / Wildlife Institute of India, 48 pp." type="book" year="2005">Vijayakumar, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is arboreal and diurnal in habit and is a fairly common species found in evergreen forests and plantations (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[337,405,1880,1906]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,210,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[179,1408,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Map, showing the distribution of the four Bronchocela species in the Nicobar Archipelago (red triangles indicate type localities)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7732157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7732157/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="505">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |