338 lines
66 KiB
XML
338 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document id="D33BC1D03573F502246FDDB6B6CA58DB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5531757" ID-ZooBank="310C2BAC-958A-4F78-BF7C-5D60946721B2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1632750588380" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sankaran, Pradeep M. & Caleb, John T. D." docDate="2021" docId="1B3187DAFFBAFFA23FC9FE21FDBFFE70" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5040.4.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5040 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gaviphosa Sankaran & Caleb 2021, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="543" masterDocId="E708FFA2FFBBFFA63F5EFD6DFFD9FFDD" masterDocTitle="On the taxonomic validity of Indian ground spiders: V. Genera Megamyrmaekion Reuss, 1834, Sosticus Chamberlin, 1922 and Gaviphosa gen. nov. (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)" masterLastPageNumber="564" masterPageNumber="539" pageNumber="540" updateTime="1699415734194" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="ED2D0EC732494BE07EA652D64A68F22D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="D397E741FBBC036D109708484D027F8E">On the taxonomic validity of Indian ground spiders: V. Genera Megamyrmaekion Reuss, 1834, Sosticus Chamberlin, 1922 and Gaviphosa gen. nov. (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="4406183B045633BD33E8C16027F62E2B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="445487F9812744B7E2988207385DDC71">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E942E9E73F42E9E0A4E508F171BD3445">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0850F276575C8669483A840F7735EB72">Sankaran, Pradeep M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FFDA5F138A44A0D14C2326200F4C3ED3" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0884-5625</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="006D6173E8042B285F9383378DA192DE">Division of Arachnology, Department of Zoology, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Cochin, Kerala 682 013, India. pradeepmspala @ rediffmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0884 - 5625</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2E1CAAC2EB3A7F2BAF67E0712342A148" type="email">pradeepmspala@rediffmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="67DBEC66AFAC296FC0DB4941E08509E9">Caleb, John T. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4C1536ED7088056C7CF9C843183D0A3C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9471-9467</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="26C2953E11E7982FC8960EAAF1AD0F2A">Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 053, India. caleb 87 woodgate @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9471 - 9467</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8B379EAFD54352B0C6299CD4EBA78C95" type="email">caleb87woodgate@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B3DA251F1810E40A65FDD3FFD022D04F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7762764EE04D6218CAB2DEC4461284E9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8E24C62CEA1F91A11A5A3051C784DF20">
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<mods:date id="0C1A505C7AD3C3C169EFD893ECAFBBBB">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="75F8F0212CCD0310B4E28F2E29855C10">2021-09-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="8578AC9A0EA4C987FA74915DAED1A388" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="72D0FDBF7657BB0D50A55B0BC883A171">5040</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="55BA1A7D630CA0DB5E964936C2E833DC" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="32B724EEB41235619B52E1BD1FD87774">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="DEBD814F4DD40EC57775007BAEF382E4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3ABB30E14D8DF889907AFDA94A3D85B9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9C6392D330D6CCB3E607C1437A952714" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1B3187DAFFBAFFA23FC9FE21FDBFFE70" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531767" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5531767" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B3187DAFFBAFFA23FC9FE21FDBFFE70" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B3187DAFFBAFFA23FC9FE21FDBFFE70" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
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<subSubSection id="DB826547FFBAFFA73FC9FE21FD81FCBA" box="[151,600,844,871]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="932736CCFFBAFFA73FC9FE21FD81FCBA" blockId="1.[151,600,844,871]" box="[151,600,844,871]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
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<heading id="C86F81A0FFBAFFA73FC9FE21FD81FCBA" bold="true" box="[151,600,844,871]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73FC9FE21FD81FCBA" bold="true" box="[151,600,844,871]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
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<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBAFFA73FC9FE21FE3AFCBB" ID-CoL="99CBQ" authority="Sankaran, 2021" authorityName="Sankaran & Caleb" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,483,844,871]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gaviphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73FC9FE21FEC1FCBA" bold="true" box="[151,280,844,871]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Gaviphosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBAFFA73E41FE21FE3AFCBB" author="Sankaran, P. M. & Caleb, J. T. D. & Sebastian, P. A." box="[287,483,844,870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" pagination="2839 - 2857" refId="ref10548" refString="Sankaran, P. M., Caleb, J. T. D. & Sebastian, P. A. (2021) On the taxonomic validity of Indian ground spiders: IV. Genera Apodrassodes Vellard, 1924, Herpyllus Hentz, 1832 and Sergiolus Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Journal of Natural History, 54, 2839 - 2857. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2020.1871523" type="journal article" year="2021">Sankaran, 2021</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BADF57A5FFBAFFA73EB4FE20FD81FCBA" box="[490,600,845,871]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DB826547FFBAFFA73FC9FEE1FC75FC79" box="[151,940,907,932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="932736CCFFBAFFA73FC9FEE1FC75FC79" blockId="1.[151,940,907,932]" box="[151,940,907,932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73FC9FEE1FEFAFC7E" bold="true" box="[151,291,907,932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
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<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBAFFA73FC9FEE1FF15FC79" box="[151,204,908,932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBAFFA73E74FEE1FDB6FC79" ID-CoL="999SP" authority="Sankaran, 2021" authorityName="Sankaran & Caleb" authorityYear="2021" box="[298,623,908,932]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gaviphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kera" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73E74FEE1FE12FC79" box="[298,459,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Gaviphosa kera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBAFFA73E8FFEE1FDB6FC79" author="Sankaran, P. M. & Caleb, J. T. D. & Sebastian, P. A." box="[465,623,908,932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" pagination="2839 - 2857" refId="ref10548" refString="Sankaran, P. M., Caleb, J. T. D. & Sebastian, P. A. (2021) On the taxonomic validity of Indian ground spiders: IV. Genera Apodrassodes Vellard, 1924, Herpyllus Hentz, 1832 and Sergiolus Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Journal of Natural History, 54, 2839 - 2857. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2020.1871523" type="journal article" year="2021">Sankaran, 2021</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73D2BFEE1FCCBFC79" bold="true" box="[629,786,908,932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BADF57A5FFBAFFA73D2BFEE1FCCBFC79" box="[629,786,908,932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DB826547FFBAFFA73FC9FEA0FEDBFBF3" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="932736CCFFBAFFA73FC9FEA0FEDBFBF3" blockId="1.[151,1437,972,2043]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73FC9FEA0FEC7FC3A" bold="true" box="[151,286,973,999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The genus name refers to the name of the
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<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBAFFA73DA2FEA0FCF5FC3A" box="[764,812,973,999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">type</typeStatus>
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locality of the new species (Gavi), in combination with the terminal ‘-
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73E64FE9DFEA4FBD7" box="[314,381,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">phosa</emphasis>
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’ taken from
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<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBAFFA73D51FE9DFCEAFBD6" authority="Latreille, 1804" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[527,819,1008,1035]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73D51FE9DFD5BFBD7" box="[527,642,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Gnaphosa</emphasis>
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Latreille, 1804
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is the
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<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBAFFA73C8FFE9CFBD8FBD6" box="[977,1025,1009,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">type</typeStatus>
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species of the family. The gender is feminine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DB826547FFBAFFA73F99F955FD76FAAE" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="932736CCFFBAFFA73F99F955FAD6FAF6" blockId="1.[151,1437,972,2043]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73F99F955FE9BFB8F" bold="true" box="[199,322,1080,1106]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBAFFA73E14F955FE1AFB8F" authority="Sankaran & Caleb, 2021" authorityName="Sankaran & Caleb" authorityYear="2021" box="[330,451,1080,1106]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gaviphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73E14F955FE1AFB8F" box="[330,451,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Gaviphosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73E92F954FDEEFB8E" bold="true" box="[460,567,1081,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BADF57A5FFBAFFA73E92F954FDEEFB8E" box="[460,567,1081,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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is similar to the monotypic Asian genus
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<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBAFFA73B50F955FA9BFB8E" authority="Yin & Peng, 1998" authorityName="Yin & Peng" authorityYear="1998" box="[1038,1346,1080,1107]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Coillina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73B50F955FBB3FB8F" box="[1038,1130,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Coillina</emphasis>
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Yin & Peng, 1998
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</taxonomicName>
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as both share preening brush on metatarsus III, a very long and filiform embolus and tegulum without median apophysis and other sclerites, but can be separated from the latter by chelicerae without teeth (vs. teeth in
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<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBAFFA73BCFF9EDFB34FB47" authorityName="Yin & Peng" authorityYear="1998" box="[1169,1261,1152,1178]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Coillina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73BCFF9EDFB34FB47" box="[1169,1261,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Coillina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), long, pseudosegmented tarsi with ventral spinules (vs. absent in
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<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBAFFA73DB8F9C9FC9BFB63" authorityName="Yin & Peng" authorityYear="1998" box="[742,834,1188,1214]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Coillina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73DB8F9C9FC9BFB63" box="[742,834,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Coillina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), pedipalp femur without processes (vs. processes in
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<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBAFFA73FC9F9A5FF2AFB3F" authorityName="Yin & Peng" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,243,1224,1250]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Coillina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73FC9F9A5FF2AFB3F" box="[151,243,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Coillina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), a dorsal tibial apophysis (vs. absent in
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<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBAFFA73D98F9A5FCFBFB3F" authorityName="Yin & Peng" authorityYear="1998" box="[710,802,1224,1250]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Coillina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73D98F9A5FCFBFB3F" box="[710,802,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Coillina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), cymbium with longitudinally narrow distal half to accommodate the embolus (vs. cymbium broad along its entire length in
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<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBAFFA73CE5F981FBCEFADB" authorityName="Yin & Peng" authorityYear="1998" box="[955,1047,1260,1286]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Coillina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73CE5F981FBCEFADB" box="[955,1047,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Coillina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and embolus without coiling (vs. highly coiled in
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<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBAFFA73E10F87DFE73FAF7" authorityName="Yin & Peng" authorityYear="1998" box="[334,426,1296,1322]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Coillina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73E10F87DFE73FAF7" box="[334,426,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Coillina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) (compare
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<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73D75F87DFD38FAF6" box="[555,737,1296,1323]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Figs 8–9, 11–13</figureCitation>
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,
|
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<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73DB3F87DFCEAFAF7" box="[749,819,1296,1322]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 16–19" captionStart-1="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1408,866,1697]" captionTargetBox-1="[160,1426,467,1566]" captionTargetId-0="figure-49@3.[151,1436,854,1699]" captionTargetId-1="figure-157@4.[151,1436,453,1583]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 16–19. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., left pedipalp of holotype male. 16 prolateral view; 17 ventral view; 18 retrolateral view; 19 dorsal view. Scale bars: 16–19, 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 20–23. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., left pedipalp of holotype male. 20 prolateral view; 21 ventral view; 22 dorsal view; 23 retrolateral view.Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; CyD, cymbial depression; E, embolus; EB, embolic base; DTA, dorsal tibial apophysis; SD, sperm duct; ST subtegulum; T, tegulum. Arrow indicates baso-retrolateral lobe of tegulum. Scale bars: 20–23, 0.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531765" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531769" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5531765/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5531769/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">16–23</figureCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBAFFA73C2DF87DFBBDFAF6" author="Sankaran, P. M. & Caleb, J. T. D. & Sebastian, P. A." box="[883,1124,1296,1323]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" pagination="2839 - 2857" refId="ref10548" refString="Sankaran, P. M., Caleb, J. T. D. & Sebastian, P. A. (2021) On the taxonomic validity of Indian ground spiders: IV. Genera Apodrassodes Vellard, 1924, Herpyllus Hentz, 1832 and Sergiolus Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Journal of Natural History, 54, 2839 - 2857. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2020.1871523" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Sankaran
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73CBCF87CFBC3FAF7" box="[994,1050,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 1c, 2a–d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="932736CCFFBAFFA73F99F859FD76FAAE" blockId="1.[151,1437,972,2043]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73F99F859FE12FA92" bold="true" box="[199,459,1332,1359]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Subfamily placement.</emphasis>
|
||
Currently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBAFFA73D1CF859FD62FA93" authority="Sankaran & Caleb, 2021" authorityName="Sankaran & Caleb" authorityYear="2021" box="[578,699,1332,1358]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gaviphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73D1CF859FD62FA93" box="[578,699,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Gaviphosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73D9CF858FCF2FA92" bold="true" box="[706,811,1333,1359]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BADF57A5FFBAFFA73D9CF858FCF2FA92" box="[706,811,1333,1359]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is not assigned to any of the known subfamilies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBAFFA73A3AF858FF22FAAF" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1892" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gnaphosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBAFFA73E57F835FE29FAAE" author="Azevedo, G. H. & Griswold, C. E. & Santos, A. J." box="[265,496,1368,1395]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" pagination="579 - 626" refId="ref9381" refString="Azevedo, G. H. F, Griswold, C. E. & Santos, A. J. (2018) Systematics and evolution of ground spiders revisited (Araneae, Dionycha, Gnaphosidae). Cladistics, 34, 579 - 626. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12226" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Azevedo
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73E28F834FE77FAAF" box="[374,430,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBAFFA73EA5F835FD7AFAAE" author="Lin, Y. J. & Li, S. Q." box="[507,675,1368,1395]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" pagination="312 - 315" refId="ref10017" refString="Lin, Y. J. & Li, S. Q. (2020) Description on Solitudes dushengi gen. nov et sp. nov. from Xinjiang, China (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Zoological Systematics, 45, 312 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.11865 / zs. 202036" type="journal article" year="2020">Lin & Li 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB826547FFBAFFA23F99F811FDBFFE70" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="932736CCFFBAFFA43F99F811FE4FFE9C" blockId="1.[151,1437,972,2043]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="541" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73F99F811FE80FA4B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1404,1430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Small gnaphosid (body length 4.90). Carapace oval in dorsal view, strongly invaginated posteriorly, widest between coxae II and III, narrowed at level of pedipalp, covered with brown setae. Cephalic area slightly elevated over thoracic area; cephalic groove prominent. Thoracic area with yellowish-brown streaks, with a single row of brown marginal setae. Fovea longitudinal, marked as a straight, deep groove. From above, AER moderately procurved, PER strongly procurved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73D66FB61FDA7F9FA" box="[568,638,1548,1575]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); AME circular, dark, others irregularly rectangular, pearly white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73A31FB61FF71F996" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); AME largest, PME smallest; LEs subequal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73DF4FB5DFD36F996" box="[682,751,1584,1611]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); AME lying close to each other, almost touching ALE; PME separated slightly less their diameter from each other, separated by more their diameter from PLE; MOQ roughly squarish, slightly narrower in back than in front (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73D98FB15FCD4F94E" box="[710,781,1656,1683]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clypeus height moderate. Chilum present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73A54FB15FA96F94E" box="[1290,1359,1656,1683]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Boss prominent. Chelicerae lacking teeth, keel or lamina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73DB2FBF1FC8AF96A" box="[748,851,1692,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
|
||
); promargin bordered by a series of long setae with ventrally oriented tip and are of uniform size and shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73C50FBADFC88F906" box="[782,849,1728,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fangs short, less than half of the length of paturon, basally provided with elongated and strong setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73D9EFB89FCFAF922" box="[704,803,1764,1791]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow 1) resembling the shaggy/bent hairs of certain liocranid, lamponid and gallieniellid genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBAFFA73D2EFA65FC85F8FE" author="Sankaran, P. M. & Malamel, J. J. & Joseph, M. M. & Sebastian, P. A." box="[624,860,1800,1827]" pageId="1" pageNumber="540" pagination="139 - 144" refId="ref10626" refString="Sankaran, P. M., Malamel, J. J., Joseph, M. M. & Sebastian, P. A. (2017) A new species of Paratus Simon, 1898 (Araneae: Liocranidae, Paratinae) from India. Zootaxa, 4286, 139 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4286.1.12" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Sankaran
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBAFFA73DBEFA64FCC1F8FF" box="[736,792,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Endites convergent, with oblique depression, with weak distal scopula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73ED8FA41FE15F89A" box="[390,460,1836,1863]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
); labium short, less than half of the length of endite, tongue-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73BBFFA41FAFEF89A" box="[1249,1319,1836,1863]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternum broad medially, rebordered, with concave anterior margin, with tiny extensions to coxae, clothed with brown hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73FFEFA19FF3CF852" box="[160,229,1908,1935]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Leg segments less spinose, covered with normal and recumbent feathery setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73BD6FA19FB04F852" box="[1160,1245,1908,1935]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
); trochanters not notched; metatarsi III and IV with distal preening brush (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73C42FAF5FCB7F86E" box="[796,878,1944,1971]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow 2), those on IV reduced; tarsi long, nearly twice the length of patellae, slender, pseudo-segmented, with reduced claw tufts, with two dentate claws, ventrolaterally provided with paired rows of small spinules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBAFFA73C52FA8DFC48F826" box="[780,913,2016,2043]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="540">Figs 12–13</figureCitation>
|
||
); tibiae, metatrasi and tarsi dorsally provided with scattered short trichobothria. Leg formula: 4213. Opisthosoma oval, creamy-white, hirsute. Spinnerets hirsute, straw coloured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFB9FFA43E14FDD6FE4AFF08" box="[330,403,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFB9FFA43EC0FDD7FE31FF08" box="[414,488,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,770,794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,745]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,746]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 14–15. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., anterior lateral spinnerets of holotype male showing enlarged piriform gland spigots (arrows), oblique lateral views. Scale bars: 14–15, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531761/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">14–15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cymbium long, narrowing anteriorly with prominent cymbial depression to accommodate the long embolus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFB9FFA43EE3FDB2FD99FF27" box="[445,576,223,250]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 16–19" captionStart-1="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1408,866,1697]" captionTargetBox-1="[160,1426,467,1566]" captionTargetId-0="figure-49@3.[151,1436,854,1699]" captionTargetId-1="figure-157@4.[151,1436,453,1583]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 16–19. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., left pedipalp of holotype male. 16 prolateral view; 17 ventral view; 18 retrolateral view; 19 dorsal view. Scale bars: 16–19, 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 20–23. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., left pedipalp of holotype male. 20 prolateral view; 21 ventral view; 22 dorsal view; 23 retrolateral view.Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; CyD, cymbial depression; E, embolus; EB, embolic base; DTA, dorsal tibial apophysis; SD, sperm duct; ST subtegulum; T, tegulum. Arrow indicates baso-retrolateral lobe of tegulum. Scale bars: 20–23, 0.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531765" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531769" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5531765/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5531769/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Figs 16–23</figureCitation>
|
||
); subtegulum prominent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFB9FFA43C03FDB2FC04FF24" box="[861,989,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–19" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[152,1408,866,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-49@3.[151,1436,854,1699]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 16–19. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., left pedipalp of holotype male. 16 prolateral view; 17 ventral view; 18 retrolateral view; 19 dorsal view. Scale bars: 16–19, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531765/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFB9FFA43CB6FDB2FBEBFF24" box="[1000,1074,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,467,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-157@4.[151,1436,453,1583]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., left pedipalp of holotype male. 20 prolateral view; 21 ventral view; 22 dorsal view; 23 retrolateral view.Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; CyD, cymbial depression; E, embolus; EB, embolic base; DTA, dorsal tibial apophysis; SD, sperm duct; ST subtegulum; T, tegulum. Arrow indicates baso-retrolateral lobe of tegulum. Scale bars: 20–23, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531769/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">20–21</figureCitation>
|
||
); long, filiform embolus without loops (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFB9FFA43FBDFC6EFEBCFEC0" box="[227,357,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–19" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[152,1408,866,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-49@3.[151,1436,854,1699]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 16–19. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., left pedipalp of holotype male. 16 prolateral view; 17 ventral view; 18 retrolateral view; 19 dorsal view. Scale bars: 16–19, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531765/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFB9FFA43E2FFC6EFE65FEC0" box="[369,444,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,467,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-157@4.[151,1436,453,1583]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., left pedipalp of holotype male. 20 prolateral view; 21 ventral view; 22 dorsal view; 23 retrolateral view.Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; CyD, cymbial depression; E, embolus; EB, embolic base; DTA, dorsal tibial apophysis; SD, sperm duct; ST subtegulum; T, tegulum. Arrow indicates baso-retrolateral lobe of tegulum. Scale bars: 20–23, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531769/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">20–21</figureCitation>
|
||
); conductor and other sclerites absent; retrolateral tibial apophysis dorsally shifted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFB9FFA43A34FC6EFED0FE9C" captionStart="FIGURES 16–19" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionTargetBox="[152,1408,866,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-49@3.[151,1436,854,1699]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 16–19. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., left pedipalp of holotype male. 16 prolateral view; 17 ventral view; 18 retrolateral view; 19 dorsal view. Scale bars: 16–19, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531765/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Figs 16, 18–19</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFB9FFA43E4BFC4AFE53FE9C" box="[277,394,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,467,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-157@4.[151,1436,453,1583]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., left pedipalp of holotype male. 20 prolateral view; 21 ventral view; 22 dorsal view; 23 retrolateral view.Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; CyD, cymbial depression; E, embolus; EB, embolic base; DTA, dorsal tibial apophysis; SD, sperm duct; ST subtegulum; T, tegulum. Arrow indicates baso-retrolateral lobe of tegulum. Scale bars: 20–23, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531769/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">20, 22–23</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C7E76644FFB9FFA43FC9FA73FB1AF837" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" startId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" targetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="932736CCFFB9FFA43FC9FA73FB1AF837" blockId="2.[151,1437,1822,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFB9FFA43FC9FA73FE9EF8EB" bold="true" box="[151,327,1822,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">FIGURES 1–13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFB9FFA43E10FA72FE36F8EA" authority="Sankaran & Caleb, 2021" authorityName="Sankaran & Caleb" authorityYear="2021" box="[334,495,1823,1847]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gaviphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kera" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFB9FFA43E10FA72FE36F8EA" box="[334,495,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Gaviphosa kera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFB9FFA43EA8FA72FD4DF8EA" bold="true" box="[502,660,1823,1847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BADF57A5FFB9FFA43EA8FA72FD4DF8EA" box="[502,660,1823,1847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C7E76644FFB8FFA53FC9FE6FFCA5FCE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531761" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5531761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531761/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" startId="3.[151,264,770,794]" targetBox="[151,1436,182,745]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="932736CCFFB8FFA53FC9FE6FFCA5FCE0" blockId="3.[151,1436,770,830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFB8FFA53FC9FE6FFE8EFCC7" bold="true" box="[151,343,770,794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">FIGURES 14–15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFB8FFA53E01FE6FFDDAFCC7" authority="Sankaran & Caleb, 2021" authorityName="Sankaran & Caleb" authorityYear="2021" box="[351,515,770,794]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gaviphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kera" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFB8FFA53E01FE6FFDDAFCC7" box="[351,515,770,794]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Gaviphosa kera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFB8FFA53D52FE6FFD68FCC7" bold="true" box="[524,689,770,794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BADF57A5FFB8FFA53D52FE6FFD68FCC7" box="[524,689,770,794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior lateral spinnerets of holotype male showing enlarged piriform gland spigots (arrows), oblique lateral views. Scale bars: 14–15, 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C7E76644FFB8FFA53FC9FBD7FCD8F92B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5531765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531765/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" startId="3.[151,264,1722,1746]" targetBox="[152,1408,866,1697]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="932736CCFFB8FFA53FC9FBD7FCD8F92B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1722,1782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFB8FFA53FC9FBD7FE8FF90F" bold="true" box="[151,342,1722,1746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">FIGURES 16–19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFB8FFA53E00FBD7FDDBF90F" authority="Sankaran & Caleb, 2021" authorityName="Sankaran & Caleb" authorityYear="2021" box="[350,514,1722,1746]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gaviphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kera" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFB8FFA53E00FBD7FDDBF90F" box="[350,514,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Gaviphosa kera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFB8FFA53D54FBD7FD77F90F" bold="true" box="[522,686,1722,1746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BADF57A5FFB8FFA53D54FBD7FD77F90F" box="[522,686,1722,1746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, left pedipalp of holotype male. 16 prolateral view; 17 ventral view; 18 retrolateral view; 19 dorsal view. Scale bars: 16–19, 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="932736CCFFB8FFA23F99FA48FB60FE54" blockId="3.[151,1437,1828,2035]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFB8FFA53F99FA48FEDFF8E2" bold="true" box="[199,262,1829,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Note.</emphasis>
|
||
The features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFB8FFA53EE1FA49FDE1F8E3" authority="Sankaran & Caleb, 2021" authorityName="Sankaran & Caleb" authorityYear="2021" box="[447,568,1828,1854]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gaviphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFB8FFA53EE1FA49FDE1F8E3" box="[447,568,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Gaviphosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFB8FFA53D61FA48FD70F8E2" bold="true" box="[575,681,1829,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BADF57A5FFB8FFA53D61FA48FD70F8E2" box="[575,681,1829,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
such as tarsi with pseudosegmentation, lack of cheliceral teeth and a very long cymbium suggest a relationship with the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFB8FFA53C10FA25FB51F8BE" authority="Simon, 1893" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[846,1160,1864,1891]" class="Arachnida" family="Cithaeronidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cithaeronidae Simon, 1893</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, larger AMEs (vs. PMEs in cithaeronids), metatarsi with preening brush (vs. metatarsi lack preening brush or comb in cithaeronids), widely separated cylindrical ALSs (vs. conical and narrowly separated ALSs in cithaeronids), retrolateral tibial apophysis shifted dorsally (vs. retrolaterally placed in cithaeronids), bulb with small subtegulum (vs. large in cithaeronids) and lack of a median apophysis (vs. present in cithaeronids) clearly unfit this genus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFB8FFA53BA1FAB5FA45F82F" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[1279,1436,2008,2034]" class="Arachnida" family="Cithaeronidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cithaeronidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBFFFA23FC1FDFAFE99FF6C" author="Platnick, N. I." box="[159,320,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref10214" refString="Platnick, N. I. (1991) A revision of the ground spider family Cithaeronidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea). American Museum Novitates, 3018, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1991">Platnick 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBFFFA23E10FDFAFDE7FF6C" author="Sankaran, P. M. & Caleb, J. T. D. & Sebastian, P. A." box="[334,574,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" pagination="505 - 522" refId="ref10483" refString="Sankaran, P. M., Caleb, J. T. D. & Sebastian, P. A. (2020) A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa, 4896 (4), 505 - 522. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4896.4.3" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Sankaran
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBFFFA23EE1FDFAFE20FF6C" box="[447,505,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 10D; herein
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBFFFA23C54FDFAFC45FF6C" box="[778,924,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">Figs 4, 7, 11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBFFFA23CF4FDFAFC2CFF6F" box="[938,1013,151,178]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 16–19" captionStart-1="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1722,1746]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1408,866,1697]" captionTargetBox-1="[160,1426,467,1566]" captionTargetId-0="figure-49@3.[151,1436,854,1699]" captionTargetId-1="figure-157@4.[151,1436,453,1583]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 16–19. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., left pedipalp of holotype male. 16 prolateral view; 17 ventral view; 18 retrolateral view; 19 dorsal view. Scale bars: 16–19, 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 20–23. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., left pedipalp of holotype male. 20 prolateral view; 21 ventral view; 22 dorsal view; 23 retrolateral view.Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; CyD, cymbial depression; E, embolus; EB, embolic base; DTA, dorsal tibial apophysis; SD, sperm duct; ST subtegulum; T, tegulum. Arrow indicates baso-retrolateral lobe of tegulum. Scale bars: 20–23, 0.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531765" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531769" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5531765/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5531769/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">16–23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, a pseudosegmented tarsi can be seen in gnaphosid genera of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBFFFA23D83FDD6FBDAFF08" authority="Simon, 1893" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[733,1027,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Drassodinae">Drassodinae Simon, 1893</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBFFFA23B4AFDD6FADDFF08" author="Azevedo, G. H. & Griswold, C. E. & Santos, A. J." box="[1044,1284,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" pagination="579 - 626" refId="ref9381" refString="Azevedo, G. H. F, Griswold, C. E. & Santos, A. J. (2018) Systematics and evolution of ground spiders revisited (Araneae, Dionycha, Gnaphosidae). Cladistics, 34, 579 - 626. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12226" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Azevedo
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBFFFA23BDDFDD6FB67FF08" box="[1155,1214,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Instead, the widely separated cylindrical ALSs with enlarged piriform gland spigots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBFFFA23CBFFDB2FB83FF24" authority="Sankaran & Caleb, 2021" authorityName="Sankaran & Caleb" authorityYear="2021" box="[993,1114,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gaviphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBFFFA23CBFFDB2FB83FF24" box="[993,1114,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">Gaviphosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBFFFA23B3CFDB2FB12FF24" bold="true" box="[1122,1227,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BADF57A5FFBFFFA23B3CFDB2FB12FF24" box="[1122,1227,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clearly support its inclusion in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBFFFA23E7FFC6EFE6AFEC0" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1892" box="[289,435,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gnaphosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBFFFA23E9CFC6EFDD3FEC0" box="[450,522,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,346,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-90@2.[159,1428,345,1799]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., holotype male. 1 habitus, dorsal view; 2 same, lateral view; 3 same, frontal view; 4 eyes, dorsal view; 5 chilum, frontal view; 6 prosoma showing labium, endites, sternum, ventral view; 7 spinnerets, ventral view; 8 left chelicera, prolateral view; 9 same, retrolateral view; 10 left femur IV showing feathery setae, prolateral view; 11 left metatarsus III showing preening brush, prolateral view; 12 left tarsus I showing pseudo-segmentation, prolateral view; 13 left tarsus IV showing ventral spinules and absence of claw tuft, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate shaggy/bent hair-like setae (1) and preening brush (2). Scale bars: 1, 2 mm; 2, 1 mm; 3–4, 6–7, 11–12, 0.5 mm; 5, 8–10, 13, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531759/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBFFFA23D48FC6FFD87FEC0" box="[534,606,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,770,794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,745]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,746]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 14–15. Gaviphosa kera gen. et sp. nov., anterior lateral spinnerets of holotype male showing enlarged piriform gland spigots (arrows), oblique lateral views. Scale bars: 14–15, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531761/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">14–15</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrows). The characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBFFFA23CCBFC6EFBD7FEC0" authority="Sankaran & Caleb, 2021" authorityName="Sankaran & Caleb" authorityYear="2021" box="[917,1038,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gaviphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBFFFA23CCBFC6EFBD7FEC0" box="[917,1038,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">Gaviphosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBFFFA23B4BFC6EFBA4FEC0" bold="true" box="[1045,1149,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BADF57A5FFBFFFA23B4BFC6EFBA4FEC0" box="[1045,1149,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
shared with cithaeronids, as mentioned above indicate that the delimitation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBFFFA23DBDFC4AFCACFE9C" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1892" box="[739,885,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gnaphosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not well clear and more detailed studies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBFFFA23A26FC4AFEC3FEB8" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" class="Arachnida" family="Cithaeronidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cithaeronidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are required to get a clear picture of it. Female somatic and genitalic features are not included in both diagnostic and description parts as no female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBFFFA23DEAFC02FCBEFE54" authority="Sankaran & Caleb, 2021" authorityName="Sankaran & Caleb" authorityYear="2021" box="[692,871,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gaviphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kera" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBFFFA23DEAFC02FCBEFE54" box="[692,871,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">Gaviphosa kera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBFFFA23C33FC02FBC5FE54" bold="true" box="[877,1052,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BADF57A5FFBFFFA23C33FC02FBC5FE54" box="[877,1052,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is yet known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="932736CCFFBFFFA23F99FCFFFDBFFE70" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,614,402,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBFFFA23F99FCFFFEBEFE71" bold="true" box="[199,359,402,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">Composition.</emphasis>
|
||
Only the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBFFFA23E88FCFEFDDFFE70" box="[470,518,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |