380 lines
52 KiB
XML
380 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.38022" ID-GBIF-Dataset="088c8bf5-09d1-4863-b376-7407db93f7a3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160140711" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-2-147" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EF5776BCF202539AB883F064A271DC07" ID-ZooBank="1C96C480B8BA4D63BBF468566D57EA73" ModsDocID="1860-1324-2-147" checkinTime="1573015853547" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2019" docId="C699FF99D1EA52E8AF2D6FF70830BDC9" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 66(2): 147-177" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.38022" docTitle="Tropopterus Solier 1849" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="EF5776BCF202539AB883F064A271DC07" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="EF5776BCF202539AB883F064A271DC07" masterDocTitle="Revision of Tropopterus Solier: A disjunct South American component of the Australo-Pacific Moriomorphini (Coleoptera, Carabidae)" masterLastPageNumber="177" masterPageNumber="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1643452478361" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Tropopterus Solier: A disjunct South American component of the Australo-Pacific Moriomorphini (Coleoptera, Carabidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>66</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>147</mods:start>
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<mods:end>177</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.38022</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.38022</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-2-147</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1C96C480B8BA4D63BBF468566D57EA73</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">EF5776BCF202539AB883F064A271DC07</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160140711" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C699FF99D1EA52E8AF2D6FF70830BDC9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C699FF99D1EA52E8AF2D6FF70830BDC9" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="C699FF99-D1EA-52E8-AF2D-6FF70830BDC9" authority="Solier, 1849" authorityName="Solier" authorityYear="1849" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tropopterus Solier, 1849</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tropopterus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Solier, AJJ" editor="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="105 - 508" refId="B60" refString="Solier, AJJ, 1849. Orden III. Coleopteros. In: Gay, C, Ed.,. . Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile 4: 105 - 508" title="Orden III. Coleopteros." volume="4" volumeTitle="." year="1849">Solier 1849</bibRefCitation>
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: 211;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1874.tb02451.x" author="Reed, EC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="48 - 70" refId="B54" refString="Reed, EC, 1874. 7. On the ColeopteraGeodephaga of Chile. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1874: 48 - 70" title="7. On the ColeopteraGeodephaga of Chile." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1874.tb02451.x" volume="1874" year="1874">Reed 1874</bibRefCitation>
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: 58;
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<bibRefCitation author="Chaudoir, M de" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="105 - 124" refId="B13" refString="Chaudoir, M de, 1876. Notes et additions au memoire de M Reed sur les Carabiques du Chile insere dans les Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 19: 105 - 124" title="Notes et additions au memoire de M Reed sur les Carabiques du Chile insere dans les Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London." volume="19" year="1876">Chaudoir 1876</bibRefCitation>
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: 124;
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<bibRefCitation author="Sloane, TG" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="444 - 520" refId="B58" refString="Sloane, TG, 1898. On Carabidae from West Australia, sent by Mr A M Lea (with descriptions of new genera and species, synoptic tables, &c.). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 23: 444 - 520" title="On Carabidae from West Australia, sent by Mr A M Lea (with descriptions of new genera and species, synoptic tables, & c.)." volume="23" year="1898">Sloane 1898</bibRefCitation>
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: 471;
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<bibRefCitation author="Sloane, TG" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="566 - 642" refId="B59" refString="Sloane, TG, 1903. Studies in Australian Entomology. no. XII. New Carabidae (Panageini, Bembidiini, Pogonini, Platysmatini, Platynini, Lebiini, with revisional lists of genera and species, some notes on synonymy, &c.). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 28: 566 - 642" title="Studies in Australian Entomology. no. XII. New Carabidae (Panageini, Bembidiini, Pogonini, Platysmatini, Platynini, Lebiini, with revisional lists of genera and species, some notes on synonymy, & c.)." volume="28" year="1903">Sloane 1903</bibRefCitation>
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: 585.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName authority="Gemminger & Harold, 1868" authorityName="Gemminger & Harold" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropidopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropidopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tropidopterus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Gemminger, M" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B22" refString="Gemminger, M, Harold, B de, 1868. Cicindelidae- Carabidae. Catalogus Coleopterorum 1, 424 pp. [+ 8 pp index]" title="Cicindelidae- Carabidae. Catalogus Coleopterorum 1, 424 pp. [+ 8 pp index]" year="1868">Gemminger and Harold 1868</bibRefCitation>
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: 385 (unjustified emendation).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus giraudyi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giraudyi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus giraudyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Solier by subsequent designation (
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<bibRefCitation author="Enderlein, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B20" refString="Enderlein, G, 1909. 9. Des Insektenfauna der Insel Neu-Amsterdam. In Enderlein G (ed). Die Insekten des Antarktischen Gebietes, 10. Druck und Verlag von Georg Reimer, Berlin: 486-492." title="9. Des Insektenfauna der Insel Neu-Amsterdam. In Enderlein G (ed). Die Insekten des Antarktischen Gebietes, 10. Druck und Verlag von Georg Reimer, Berlin: 486 - 492." year="1909">Enderlein 1909</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may be placed in the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="tribe" tribe="Moriomorphini">Moriomorphini</taxonomicName>
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based on: presence of a seta in the mandibular scrobe; frontal grooves present mesad eyes and traversing the frons anteromedially to the frontoclypeal suture; clypeus narrower than distance between antennal insertions; penultimate maxillary palpomeres glabrous, not setose over the entire surface; apical palpomeres fusiform and as long and broad as penultimate palpomere; head with two pairs of supraorbital setae; procoxal cavities closed posteriorly; mesocoxal cavities conjunct; prothoracic leg bearing an antennal cleaner with a distal zone of short, separated setae, and a basal arc of confluent setae that performs the cleaning function (Grade C of
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1155/1971/927545" author="Hlavac, T F" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="51 - 66" refId="B26" refString="Hlavac, T F, 1971. Differentiation of the carabid antennal cleaner. Psyche 78: 51 - 66" title="Differentiation of the carabid antennal cleaner." url="https://doi.org/10.1155/1971/927545" volume="78" year="1971">Hlavac 1971</bibRefCitation>
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). The first eight characters will place
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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within
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="tribe" tribe="Psydrini">Psydrini</taxonomicName>
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in the system of
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-078X2001000300006" author="Roig-Junent, S" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Historia Natural" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="549 - 571" refId="B55" refString="Roig-Junent, S, Dominguez, MC, 2001. Diversidad de la familia Carabidae (Coleoptera) en Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 74: 549 - 571" title="Diversidad de la familia Carabidae (Coleoptera) en Chile." url="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-078X2001000300006" volume="74" year="2001">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Roig-Juñent">Roig-Junent</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Domínguez">Dominguez</normalizedToken>
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(2001)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. The last antennal cleaner character differentiates the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="tribe" tribe="Psydrini">Psydrini</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="tribe" tribe="Moriomorphini">Moriomorphini</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Baehr, M" editor="Ball, GE" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Historia Natural" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B3" refString="Baehr, M, Ball, GE, Casale, A, Vigna Taglianti, V, 1998. A preliminary survey of the classification of Psydrinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae). In: BallGECasaleAVigna TagliantiV (Eds) Phylogeny and classification of Caraboidea (Coleoptera: Adephaga).Atti Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 359-368." title="A preliminary survey of the classification of Psydrinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae). In: BallGECasaleAVigna TagliantiV (Eds) Phylogeny and classification of Caraboidea (Coleoptera: Adephaga). Atti Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 359 - 368." year="1998">Baehr 1998</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, JK" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B39" refString="Liebherr, JK, 2020. Phylogenetic placement of the Australian Pharetis, gen. nov. and Spherita, gen. nov., in a revised classification of the circum-Antarctic Moriomorphini (Coleoptera : Carabidae). Invertebrate Systematics. [in press]" title="Phylogenetic placement of the Australian Pharetis, gen. nov. and Spherita, gen. nov., in a revised classification of the circum-Antarctic Moriomorphini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Invertebrate Systematics. [in press]" year="2020">Liebherr 2020</bibRefCitation>
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), as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="tribe" tribe="Psydrini">Psydrini</taxonomicName>
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exhibit a shorter, less well-developed antennal cleaner (Grade B of
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1155/1971/927545" author="Hlavac, T F" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="51 - 66" refId="B26" refString="Hlavac, T F, 1971. Differentiation of the carabid antennal cleaner. Psyche 78: 51 - 66" title="Differentiation of the carabid antennal cleaner." url="https://doi.org/10.1155/1971/927545" volume="78" year="1971">Hlavac 1971</bibRefCitation>
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) versus that observed in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="tribe" tribe="Moriomorphini">Moriomorphini</taxonomicName>
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. The morphological results conform to phylogenetic hypotheses based on molecular sequence data (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1999.00088.x" author="Maddison, DR" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="103 - 138" refId="B44" refString="Maddison, DR, Baker, MD, Ober, KA, 1999. Phylogeny of carabid beetles as inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Systematic Entomology 24: 103 - 138" title="Phylogeny of carabid beetles as inferred from 18 S ribosomal DNA (Coleoptera: Carabidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1999.00088.x" volume="24" year="1999">Maddison et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.006" author="Maddison, DR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="151 - 176" refId="B45" refString="Maddison, DR, Kanda, K, Boyd, OF, Faille, A, Porch, N, Erwin, TL, Roig-Junent, S, 2019. Phylogeny of the beetle supertribe Trechitae (Coleoptera: Carabidae): unexpected clades, isolated lineages, and morphological convergence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 132: 151 - 176" title="Phylogeny of the beetle supertribe Trechitae (Coleoptera: Carabidae): unexpected clades, isolated lineages, and morphological convergence." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.006" volume="132" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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Within
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="tribe" tribe="Moriomorphini">Moriomorphini</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may be diagnosed by the inversion of the male aedeagus, a character observed in several other
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="tribe" tribe="Moriomorphini">Moriomorphini</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax storeyi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="storeyi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Mecyclothorax storeyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1963.tb00810.x" author="Moore, BP" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="277 - 290" refId="B48" refString="Moore, BP, 1963. Studies on Australian Carabidae (Coleoptera) - 3. The Psydrinae. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 115: 277 - 290" title="Studies on Australian Carabidae (Coleoptera) - 3. The Psydrinae." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1963.tb00810.x" volume="115" year="1963">Moore (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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of Queensland; and polymorphically within Western Australian populations of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax punctipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Mecyclothorax punctipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MacLeay) (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-45042124" author="Liebherr, JK" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics & Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="393 - 409" refId="B41" refString="Liebherr, JK, Will, KW, 2015. Antisymmetric male genitalia in Western Australian populations of Mecyclothoraxpunctipennis (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Moriomorphini). Insect Systematics & Evolution 46: 393 - 409" title="Antisymmetric male genitalia in Western Australian populations of Mecyclothoraxpunctipennis (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Moriomorphini)." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-45042124" volume="46" year="2015">Liebherr and Will 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). Nowhere else in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="tribe" tribe="Moriomorphini">Moriomorphini</taxonomicName>
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does this character define a monophyletic grouping of species. Other characters supporting monophyly of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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include deep, pitlike paramedial depressions of the mentum, also observed in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Meonis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meonis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Meonis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. of Australia (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1963.tb00810.x" author="Moore, BP" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="277 - 290" refId="B48" refString="Moore, BP, 1963. Studies on Australian Carabidae (Coleoptera) - 3. The Psydrinae. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 115: 277 - 290" title="Studies on Australian Carabidae (Coleoptera) - 3. The Psydrinae." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1963.tb00810.x" volume="115" year="1963">Moore 1963</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, JK" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B39" refString="Liebherr, JK, 2020. Phylogenetic placement of the Australian Pharetis, gen. nov. and Spherita, gen. nov., in a revised classification of the circum-Antarctic Moriomorphini (Coleoptera : Carabidae). Invertebrate Systematics. [in press]" title="Phylogenetic placement of the Australian Pharetis, gen. nov. and Spherita, gen. nov., in a revised classification of the circum-Antarctic Moriomorphini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Invertebrate Systematics. [in press]" year="2020">Liebherr 2020</bibRefCitation>
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). The metathoracic scutellum projects little onto the disc of the elytra, whereas it is more narrowly triangular and elongate in the sister group
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<taxonomicName authority="Liebherr, 2020" authorityName="Liebherr" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pharetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pharetis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Pharetis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, JK" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B39" refString="Liebherr, JK, 2020. Phylogenetic placement of the Australian Pharetis, gen. nov. and Spherita, gen. nov., in a revised classification of the circum-Antarctic Moriomorphini (Coleoptera : Carabidae). Invertebrate Systematics. [in press]" title="Phylogenetic placement of the Australian Pharetis, gen. nov. and Spherita, gen. nov., in a revised classification of the circum-Antarctic Moriomorphini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Invertebrate Systematics. [in press]" year="2020">Liebherr 2020</bibRefCitation>
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). The elytral basal groove (when present) meets the lateral marginal depression at a distinct angle, whereas this juncture is more rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Liebherr, 2020" authorityName="Liebherr" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pharetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pharetis thayerae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thayerae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Pharetis thayerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Liebherr, 2020" authorityName="Liebherr" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pharetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pharetis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Pharetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are characterized by a tooth along the dorsal margin of the humerus. Though the elytral striae vary in configuration among
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., their reduction is derived, and the presence of only the first, or sutural stria in a fully developed condition on the elytral apex is a synapomorphy. All species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are characterized by vestigial flight wings, and the metepisternum is correspondingly foreshortened. That
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="sclerite’s">sclerite's</normalizedToken>
|
||
dimensions range from length 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
breadth to length and breadth subequal; length measured along lateral margin and maximal breadth measured perpendicular to that line. Relative to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Liebherr, 2020" authorityName="Liebherr" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pharetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pharetis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Pharetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the fourth metatarsomere is more emarginate, with the outer, lateral lobe longer than the inner, mesal lobe. Finally, the setal configuration across the dorsal body is diagnostic, though not synapomorphic, with: presence of both anterior and posterior supraorbital setae; presence of both lateral and basal pronotal setae; presence of the parascutellar setae; absence of any dorsal elytral setae; and presence of both subapical and apical setae near the elytral apex. Consistent with most other moriomorphines there are seven (rarely eight) anterior lateral elytral setae bordering the eighth stria, and six posterior setae: though the posterior two setae of the anterior series, or the anterior two setae of the posterior series may be isolated from their respective
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="series’">series'</normalizedToken>
|
||
partners in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. robustus" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sp. nov. Also, males, where known for the various species, have two setae each side of the apical abdominal ventrite, representing a potential synapomorphy for the genus relative to its Australian adelphotaxon,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Liebherr, 2020" authorityName="Liebherr" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pharetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pharetis thayerae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thayerae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Pharetis thayerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, JK" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B39" refString="Liebherr, JK, 2020. Phylogenetic placement of the Australian Pharetis, gen. nov. and Spherita, gen. nov., in a revised classification of the circum-Antarctic Moriomorphini (Coleoptera : Carabidae). Invertebrate Systematics. [in press]" title="Phylogenetic placement of the Australian Pharetis, gen. nov. and Spherita, gen. nov., in a revised classification of the circum-Antarctic Moriomorphini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Invertebrate Systematics. [in press]" year="2020">Liebherr (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The male aedeagal median lobe is robust, i.e. broad dorsoventrally, with the internal sac flagellar apparatus also large (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta. A, B. (FMNH). C, D. (OSAC). E-G. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida. E. (NMNH). F-G. (MCZ). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354027" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The aedeagal median lobe of males, for all species so far examined, bears dense longitudinal pleating across the sclerotized surface surrounding the ostium (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta. A, B. (FMNH). C, D. (OSAC). E-G. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida. E. (NMNH). F-G. (MCZ). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354027" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure4">Fig. 4A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), with this pleating allowing broad extension of the aedeagal surface during eversion of the internal sac. Females also have two setae each side along the apical margin of ventrite 6 accompanied by four median setae of length subequal to the more lateral setae, these variously arranged in an apically broad trapezoid or in a straight line. The female reproductive tract is characterized by absence of a helminthoid sclerite; a sclerotized projection at the junction of the bursa copulatrix wall, common oviduct, and spermathecal duct (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, JK" editor="Ball, GE" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B40" refString="Liebherr, JK, Will, KW, Ball, GE, Casale, A, Vigna Taglianti, V, 1998. Inferring phylogenetic relationships within Carabidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) from characters of the female reproductive tract. In: BallGECasaleAVigna TagliantiV (Eds) Phylogeny and classification of Caraboidea (Coleoptera: Adephaga).Atti Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 107-170." title="Inferring phylogenetic relationships within Carabidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) from characters of the female reproductive tract. In: BallGECasaleAVigna TagliantiV (Eds) Phylogeny and classification of Caraboidea (Coleoptera: Adephaga). Atti Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 107 - 170." year="1998">Liebherr and Will 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The derived loss of the helminthoid sclerite, observed across many other moriomorphine taxa, is shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Raphetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphetis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Raphetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Moore of southeastern Australia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, JK" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B39" refString="Liebherr, JK, 2020. Phylogenetic placement of the Australian Pharetis, gen. nov. and Spherita, gen. nov., in a revised classification of the circum-Antarctic Moriomorphini (Coleoptera : Carabidae). Invertebrate Systematics. [in press]" title="Phylogenetic placement of the Australian Pharetis, gen. nov. and Spherita, gen. nov., in a revised classification of the circum-Antarctic Moriomorphini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Invertebrate Systematics. [in press]" year="2020">Liebherr 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclatural notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nomenclatural notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Solier, AJJ" editor="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="105 - 508" refId="B60" refString="Solier, AJJ, 1849. Orden III. Coleopteros. In: Gay, C, Ed.,. . Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile 4: 105 - 508" title="Orden III. Coleopteros." volume="4" volumeTitle="." year="1849">Solier (1849)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was used by major authorities throughout the 19th century (see synonymy above),
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gemminger, M" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B22" refString="Gemminger, M, Harold, B de, 1868. Cicindelidae- Carabidae. Catalogus Coleopterorum 1, 424 pp. [+ 8 pp index]" title="Cicindelidae- Carabidae. Catalogus Coleopterorum 1, 424 pp. [+ 8 pp index]" year="1868">
|
||
Gemminger and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Harold’s">Harold's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1868)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
unjustified emendation
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gemminger & Harold, 1868" authorityName="Gemminger & Harold" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropidopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropidopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropidopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was adopted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Enderlein, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B20" refString="Enderlein, G, 1909. 9. Des Insektenfauna der Insel Neu-Amsterdam. In Enderlein G (ed). Die Insekten des Antarktischen Gebietes, 10. Druck und Verlag von Georg Reimer, Berlin: 486-492." title="9. Des Insektenfauna der Insel Neu-Amsterdam. In Enderlein G (ed). Die Insekten des Antarktischen Gebietes, 10. Druck und Verlag von Georg Reimer, Berlin: 486 - 492." year="1909">Enderlein (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1963.tb00810.x" author="Moore, BP" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="277 - 290" refId="B48" refString="Moore, BP, 1963. Studies on Australian Carabidae (Coleoptera) - 3. The Psydrinae. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 115: 277 - 290" title="Studies on Australian Carabidae (Coleoptera) - 3. The Psydrinae." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1963.tb00810.x" volume="115" year="1963">Moore (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and subsequently followed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baehr, M" editor="Ball, GE" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Historia Natural" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B3" refString="Baehr, M, Ball, GE, Casale, A, Vigna Taglianti, V, 1998. A preliminary survey of the classification of Psydrinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae). In: BallGECasaleAVigna TagliantiV (Eds) Phylogeny and classification of Caraboidea (Coleoptera: Adephaga).Atti Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 359-368." title="A preliminary survey of the classification of Psydrinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae). In: BallGECasaleAVigna TagliantiV (Eds) Phylogeny and classification of Caraboidea (Coleoptera: Adephaga). Atti Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 359 - 368." year="1998">Baehr (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The original spelling of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been used more recently (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Straneo, SL" journalOrPublisher=") Beitraege zur Fauna-Perus, Jena" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="95 - 108" refId="B62" refString="Straneo, SL, 1954. Pterostichini e Tropopterini (Col. Carabidae). In: Titschack E (Ed.) Beitraege zur Fauna-Perus, Jena 4: 95 - 108" title="Pterostichini e Tropopterini (Col. Carabidae). In: Titschack E (Ed." volume="4" year="1954">Straneo 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-078X2001000300006" author="Roig-Junent, S" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Historia Natural" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="549 - 571" refId="B55" refString="Roig-Junent, S, Dominguez, MC, 2001. Diversidad de la familia Carabidae (Coleoptera) en Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 74: 549 - 571" title="Diversidad de la familia Carabidae (Coleoptera) en Chile." url="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-078X2001000300006" volume="74" year="2001">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Roig-Juñent">Roig-Junent</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Domínguez">Dominguez</normalizedToken>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1871" author="Maddison, DR" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="229 - 260" refId="B46" refString="Maddison, DR, Ober, KA, 2011. Phylogeny of minute carabid beetles and their relatives based upon DNA sequence data (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechitae). ZooKeys 47: 229 - 260" title="Phylogeny of minute carabid beetles and their relatives based upon DNA sequence data (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechitae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1871" volume="47" year="2011">Maddison and Ober 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Larochelle, A" journalOrPublisher="The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B32" refString="Larochelle, A, Lariviere, M-C, 2013. Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): synopsis of species, Cicindelinae to Trechinae (in part). Fauna of New Zealand / Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa 69: 193 pp." title="Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): synopsis of species, Cicindelinae to Trechinae (in part). Fauna of New Zealand / Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa 69: 193 pp." year="2013">
|
||
Larochelle and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Larivière">Lariviere</normalizedToken>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Though both variants have been used, the original spelling predominates and so the unjustified emendation
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gemminger & Harold, 1868" authorityName="Gemminger & Harold" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropidopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropidopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropidopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be considered "in prevailing usage" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Humphries, CJ" journalOrPublisher="The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" publicationUrl="http://iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp" refId="B29" refString="1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition." url="http://iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Article 33.2.3.1). Thus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gemminger & Harold, 1868" authorityName="Gemminger & Harold" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropidopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropidopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropidopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
must be rejected in favor of the original spelling.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
In addition to the three
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Solier, AJJ" editor="Gay, C" journalOrPublisher="Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="105 - 508" refId="B60" refString="Solier, AJJ, 1849. Orden III. Coleopteros. In: Gay, C, Ed.,. . Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile 4: 105 - 508" title="Orden III. Coleopteros." volume="4" volumeTitle="." year="1849">Solier (1849)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Germain, P" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="47 - 73" refId="B23" refString="Germain, P, 1911. Catalogo Coleopteros Chilenos del Museo Nacional. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile 3: 47 - 73" title="Catalogo Coleopteros Chilenos del Museo Nacional." volume="3" year="1911">Germain (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed "T. plicicollis" ms. name, as an undescribed species held in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile, assigning it his "N.os del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Catálogo">Catalogo</normalizedToken>
|
||
primitivo" entry 500. This combination was never validly described (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Published by the author, Tutzing, Germany" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B43" refString="Lorenz, W, 2005. Nomina Carabidarum, a directory of the scientific names of ground beetles. Published by the author, Tutzing, Germany" title="Nomina Carabidarum, a directory of the scientific names of ground beetles." year="2005">Lorenz 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However a specimen labelled as per
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Germain’s">Germain's</normalizedToken>
|
||
protocol ("459 / Catapilcanus / P. G. (ined.)") was described as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Merizodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Merizodus catipileanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catipileanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Merizodus catipileanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jeannel, R" editor="Deboutteville, CD" journalOrPublisher="The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B31" refString="Jeannel, R, Deboutteville, CD, Rapoport, E, 1962. Les trechides de la Paleantarctide occidentale. In: DebouttevilleCDRapoportE (Eds) Biologie de l'Amerique Australe I: Etudes sur la faune du sol.Editiones du Centre national de la Recherche scientifique, Paris, 527-655." title="Les trechides de la Paleantarctide occidentale. In: DebouttevilleCDRapoportE (Eds) Biologie de l'Amerique Australe I: Etudes sur la faune du sol. Editiones du Centre national de la Recherche scientifique, Paris, 527 - 655." year="1962">Jeannel (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. That name is synonymized below with
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. montagnei" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="montagnei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. montagnei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Solier.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Germain, P" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="47 - 73" refId="B23" refString="Germain, P, 1911. Catalogo Coleopteros Chilenos del Museo Nacional. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile 3: 47 - 73" title="Catalogo Coleopteros Chilenos del Museo Nacional." volume="3" year="1911">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Germain’s">Germain's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1911)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
list also includes undescribed specimens labelled with his catalog numbers 458 and 460, bracketing the number assigned to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Catapilcanus.”">"Catapilcanus."</normalizedToken>
|
||
Germain assigned those numbers to his manuscript names
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trechus ebeninus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ebeninus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Trechus ebeninus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trechus araucanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araucanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Trechus araucanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with Jeannel subsequently describing those specimens as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechisibus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trechisibus araucanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araucanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Trechisibus araucanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jeannel, R" editor="Deboutteville, CD" journalOrPublisher="The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B31" refString="Jeannel, R, Deboutteville, CD, Rapoport, E, 1962. Les trechides de la Paleantarctide occidentale. In: DebouttevilleCDRapoportE (Eds) Biologie de l'Amerique Australe I: Etudes sur la faune du sol.Editiones du Centre national de la Recherche scientifique, Paris, 527-655." title="Les trechides de la Paleantarctide occidentale. In: DebouttevilleCDRapoportE (Eds) Biologie de l'Amerique Australe I: Etudes sur la faune du sol. Editiones du Centre national de la Recherche scientifique, Paris, 527 - 655." year="1962">Jeannel 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 562) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechisibus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trechisibus ebeninus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ebeninus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Trechisibus ebeninus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jeannel, R" editor="Deboutteville, CD" journalOrPublisher="The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" refId="B31" refString="Jeannel, R, Deboutteville, CD, Rapoport, E, 1962. Les trechides de la Paleantarctide occidentale. In: DebouttevilleCDRapoportE (Eds) Biologie de l'Amerique Australe I: Etudes sur la faune du sol.Editiones du Centre national de la Recherche scientifique, Paris, 527-655." title="Les trechides de la Paleantarctide occidentale. In: DebouttevilleCDRapoportE (Eds) Biologie de l'Amerique Australe I: Etudes sur la faune du sol. Editiones du Centre national de la Recherche scientifique, Paris, 527 - 655." year="1962">Jeannel 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 577). Thus, some of the undescribed
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Germain, P" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="47 - 73" refId="B23" refString="Germain, P, 1911. Catalogo Coleopteros Chilenos del Museo Nacional. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile 3: 47 - 73" title="Catalogo Coleopteros Chilenos del Museo Nacional." volume="3" year="1911">Germain (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
material was used by Jeannel as the basis for new species he described in 1962, but there is no evidence that any specimens assigned to "T. plicicollis", catalog entry 500, were part of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jeannel’s">Jeannel's</normalizedToken>
|
||
working material, nor was
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Germain’s">Germain's</normalizedToken>
|
||
name validated in any subsequent publication. Thus
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Germain, P" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="47 - 73" refId="B23" refString="Germain, P, 1911. Catalogo Coleopteros Chilenos del Museo Nacional. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile 3: 47 - 73" title="Catalogo Coleopteros Chilenos del Museo Nacional." volume="3" year="1911">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Germain’s">Germain's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1911)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
"Tropopterus plicicollis (P. G. ined.)" has no nomenclatural standing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Straneo, SL" journalOrPublisher=") Beitraege zur Fauna-Perus, Jena" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="95 - 108" refId="B62" refString="Straneo, SL, 1954. Pterostichini e Tropopterini (Col. Carabidae). In: Titschack E (Ed.) Beitraege zur Fauna-Perus, Jena 4: 95 - 108" title="Pterostichini e Tropopterini (Col. Carabidae). In: Titschack E (Ed." volume="4" year="1954">Straneo (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus peruvianus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus peruvianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from two specimens (Sivia, Peru, 13-v-1936, 520 m el.) collected during the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Südperu-Expedition">Suedperu-Expedition</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the Naturhistorisches Museum, Hamburg. Although
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Straneo’s">Straneo's</normalizedToken>
|
||
description was published in 1954, the material had been originally described in 1942, with the specimens returned to the Hamburg museum and subsequently destroyed in the Allied firebombing of 1943. That the types of this species were lost in the destruction of the museum was documented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weidner, H" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="87 - 264" refId="B67" refString="Weidner, H, 1976. Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Instituts und Zoologischen Museums der Universitaet Hamburg, IX Teil, Insecta VI. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 73: 87 - 264" title="Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Instituts und Zoologischen Museums der Universitaet Hamburg, IX Teil, Insecta VI." volume="73" year="1976">Weidner (1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Dr. M. Husemann pers. comm.).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Straneo, SL" journalOrPublisher=") Beitraege zur Fauna-Perus, Jena" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="95 - 108" refId="B62" refString="Straneo, SL, 1954. Pterostichini e Tropopterini (Col. Carabidae). In: Titschack E (Ed.) Beitraege zur Fauna-Perus, Jena 4: 95 - 108" title="Pterostichini e Tropopterini (Col. Carabidae). In: Titschack E (Ed." volume="4" year="1954">Straneo (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded the female type used as the basis for the description as being of 8 mm body length. His diagnosis for
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. peruvianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. peruvianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, translated from the Italian, follows:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
"It differs from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. giraud[y]i</emphasis>
|
||
Sol. by the basally non-sinuate pronotum; it also has distinctly obtuse pronotal basal angles; the 1st stria is strongly impressed from approximately 1/6 of the elytra length, immediately commencing as a distinct impression and not with isolated punctures; the eighth stria is about as long as the 1st; the third interstria has a small puncture present the apical half; the two basal antennal articles extend beyond the pronotal base, etc. From
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. duponcheli</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">i</emphasis>
|
||
] Sol. it differs by the first and second striae stria reaching the elytral base, and because the lateral pronotal [margin] is very gradually enlarged from the anterior setal pore towards the base."
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
This diagnosis does not fit any of the species treated below. Indeed the presence of a puncture in the third interval does not fit the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting phylogenetic placement outside the presently treated taxa. Thus
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. peruvianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. peruvianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Straneo is to be treated as an available
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
with its identity to be stabilized through new collection and designation of a neotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |