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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748" ID-PMC="PMC9633978" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" ID-PubMed="36479134" ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1" checkinTime="1635480455043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. &amp; Lombard, Amanda T." docDate="2021" docId="5CA9095C509F241975895D920A9D0829" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066" docPubDate="2021-10-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" docTitle="Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) vanderhorsti Cairns 2001" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732486004380" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="ED74E8D024F454E509457231EF74F12F">Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="65A02566389BFB472D1D2154149AE7CB">Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="546C91953CABD5A8A40FBEC9661BF7E0">Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F59BCD4ED559E34474AA781A07383A41">Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B5FCD4CC39FF7E55DA725A4A40ACAFCB">Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil &amp; Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C7BCC25086CB0EFCF9EB1E7616661ECA">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9D130969620941829477731FA12892B7">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8E434819BC28D89DD0BD35AFBD31C73B">Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="906DC0A4FC75C1BA0682C2973986A204">South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="275D7E2AD87AD679D922AF416CFA7FD2">Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="5CA9095C509F241975895D920A9D0829" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189599946" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5CA9095C509F241975895D920A9D0829" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5CA9095C509F241975895D920A9D0829" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Dendrophylliidae" scope_order="Scleractinia" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subGenus="Balanophyllia">
<subSubSection id="23D3EBD097816A45B72D297E37D53C8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8FBF56F6664007469E5850BEBF7639F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="56B4D7055A81BA8B6DA864844B01735F" ID-CoL="KG3S" authority="Cairns, 2001" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2001" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Balanophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) vanderhorsti" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vanderhorsti" subGenus="Balanophyllia">Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) vanderhorsti Cairns, 2001</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="9DF05183A7E20A49748919D66253DA94" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DE2FF6E9540D8ABC9759AE258CDD719A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="2A738A2D3A52F77BD77F02C275AA1D94" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Balanophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balanophyllia ponderosa" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ponderosa">Balanophyllia ponderosa</taxonomicName>
van der Horst, 1926: 49-50, pl. 3, figs 6, 7. -
<bibRefCitation id="AC1AFEFAA37263E324A3A7D23B0B4627" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 274
<bibRefCitation id="40EE403BA13995C6EDA42D4517A82C44" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">. -Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 83, pl. 3A, B.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="90B7797D43DA7AA8F0B186E8144D81E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="E7026DE381843192EFCD12069AC2A130" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2001" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Balanophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) vanderhorsti" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vanderhorsti" subGenus="Balanophyllia">Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) vanderhorsti</taxonomicName>
Cairns, 2001: 16 (replacement name for junior homonym
<bibRefCitation id="815144D4BF43C6678538FCCA24D46FA6" author="Tachikawa, H" journalOrPublisher="Kuroshio Biosphere" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B275" refString="Tachikawa, H, 2005. Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Hexacorallia, Anthozoa, Cnidria) collected from Otsuki, Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Kuroshio Biosphere 2: 1 - 27" title="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Hexacorallia, Anthozoa, Cnidria) collected from Otsuki, Kochi Prefecture, Japan." volume="2" year="2005">). -Tachikawa 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 11, Pl. 4, figs I, J.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A3B589A5D48F8B3F4EDFEECF2E34DEE8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="0041304B57BC3AC0FDAB2FBDB5B64541" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DEC422706E9EA741BE84CB526EDD582E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Off the Maldives; 53 m (van der
<bibRefCitation id="5DDA7E437118487726CAA67A0873B941" author="Horst, van der C" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B132" refString="Horst, van der C, 1926. Madreporaria Eupsammidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Series 2, Zoology) 19(1): 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb00540.x" title="Madreporaria Eupsammidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Series 2, Zoology) 19 (1): 43 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1926. tb 00540. x" year="1926">Horst 1926</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="39DA2E8994F2094C1FC79363697DDABA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9BF51F6FB01D70FBE9F296837E8DE11D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The holotype is deposited at the NHMUK (
<bibRefCitation id="1B71528EA106EC7D67E3721375601280" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13564C3FEF94AEED46824A4A72B793FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="518BD0DE92C064CB295DA47A6746B177" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D1ADF4E94D06BF623CE04F0C772968BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4A62C97A08864246B3ED03E5C7A02D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B43ED97BC985F2833F4277B397588CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D74559E475BC55F086F49561B1D4A33D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Richards Bay; 51 m. Elsewhere: Seychelles (van der
<bibRefCitation id="DBA396EEB0775DFD4DDBCEBFAE433E42" author="Horst, van der C" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B132" refString="Horst, van der C, 1926. Madreporaria Eupsammidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Series 2, Zoology) 19(1): 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb00540.x" title="Madreporaria Eupsammidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Series 2, Zoology) 19 (1): 43 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1926. tb 00540. x" year="1926">Horst 1926</bibRefCitation>
); Maldives (van der
<bibRefCitation id="71F6E87BA65F89047EC57727E0241DC3" author="Horst, van der C" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B132" refString="Horst, van der C, 1926. Madreporaria Eupsammidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Series 2, Zoology) 19(1): 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb00540.x" title="Madreporaria Eupsammidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Series 2, Zoology) 19 (1): 43 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1926. tb 00540. x" year="1926">Horst 1926</bibRefCitation>
); off Sri Lanka (
<bibRefCitation id="A04D62F51445EEB0ADA1FFDFF70A6827" author="Alcock, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="138 - 149" refId="B4" refString="Alcock, A, 1893. On some newly-recorded corals from the Indian Seas. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 62 (2): 138 - 149" title="On some newly-recorded corals from the Indian Seas." volume="62" year="1893">Alcock 1893</bibRefCitation>
); Japan (
<bibRefCitation id="17E50D24AF823A3B121210437C880FD6" author="Eguchi, M" journalOrPublisher="JARE Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B85" refString="Eguchi, M, 1968. The Hydrocorals and Scleractinian Corals of Sagami Bay collected by his Majesty the Emperor of Japan. Maruzen Co., Ltd., Tokyo, [xv +] 221 pp." title="The Hydrocorals and Scleractinian Corals of Sagami Bay collected by his Majesty the Emperor of Japan. Maruzen Co., Ltd., Tokyo, [xv +] 221 pp." year="1968">Eguchi 1968</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="9A73957337B1886DE14E6CF3764DEE38" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">; Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="810B533F1957B0ABAC71EB4B41B65504" author="Tachikawa, H" journalOrPublisher="Kuroshio Biosphere" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B275" refString="Tachikawa, H, 2005. Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Hexacorallia, Anthozoa, Cnidria) collected from Otsuki, Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Kuroshio Biosphere 2: 1 - 27" title="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Hexacorallia, Anthozoa, Cnidria) collected from Otsuki, Kochi Prefecture, Japan." volume="2" year="2005">; Tachikawa 2005</bibRefCitation>
); 14-59 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="44D128DEDD50EA2A2D4C5F159737D502" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="F6EFFF4F90021C858C9998674746FBB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A9700C6E2A11131B61B78180DC0D35F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
No new records of
<taxonomicName id="B0F66B8808152998C022D94FCBDF03A6" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2001" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Balanophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balanophyllia (B.) vanderhorsti" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vanderhorsti" subGenus="B.">Balanophyllia (B.) vanderhorsti</taxonomicName>
were examined during the present study. Therefore, the occurrence of this species in South Africa is based solely on previous published records.
<bibRefCitation id="D365E3484DDD61444276C0CC3A143231" author="Boshoff, P" journalOrPublisher="Investigational Report" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 45" refId="B21" refString="Boshoff, P, 1981. An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban. Investigational Report 49: 1 - 45" title="An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban." volume="49" year="1981">
<normalizedToken id="F558A05DEBD1D02FA00D7BA70D46785D" originalValue="Boshoffs">Boshoff's</normalizedToken>
(1981)
</bibRefCitation>
record of
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<emphasis id="FA5B5106A98027E6DCFF0ADD217241A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. vanderhorsti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(reported as
<taxonomicName id="E9E88F52171C0A40B302317E18C34C2E" lsidName="B. ponderosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ponderosa">
<emphasis id="552C17C82E51098E0130E342F31B7210" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ponderosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(which is a junior homonym)) has basal stolons and therefore represents
<taxonomicName id="C76B519AC56CED291A3B0BD00616E687" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1870" class="Anthozoa" family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="Rhizopsammia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhizopsammia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BF01A70376F0397B4AE5934522E568FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhizopsammia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1870. To reiterate,
<bibRefCitation id="47B3BBFDA83D31FA26AB87D6F2C40F70" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller (1993)</bibRefCitation>
observed that this South African species closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="EB3FB8255C15FBE832CB30A06DC3022B" lsidName="B. regalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="regalis">
<emphasis id="5325F3640B90B4F8DA1EC683B1A53B55" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. regalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Alcock, 1893) in lacking an epitheca.
</paragraph>
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