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<mods:title id="4306535E4AF21CB7DCB59B489BC18C56">Multigene phylogeny and morphology of Alternaria reveal a novel species and a new record in China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B938701B1647120FC921A37F7A9F640B">Jia, Guo Geng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AE0308764B2B13C5ED95E7D96DDFCBB2">Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China;</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03BCAE0A4542FF94FB9791A8D2418047" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713383" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13713383" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BCAE0A4542FF94FB9791A8D2418047" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCAE0A4542FF94FB9791A8D2418047" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
<subSubSection id="C30F4C974542FF95FB9791A8D5E481DC" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAA1F1C4542FF95FB9791A8D21180D8" blockId="2.[136,1056,1739,1767]" box="[136,1056,1739,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
<heading id="D0E2A8704542FF95FB9791A8D21180D8" box="[136,1056,1739,1767]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" reason="3">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB4390D4542FF95FB9791A8D5A080D8" author="E. G. Simmons" box="[136,913,1739,1767]" journal="Mycotaxon" page="103" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" score="9.729594737742866" volume="55" year="1995">
<taxonomicName id="4C15649F4542FF95FB9791A8D4D680D8" ID-CoL="C9QC" authority="E. G. Simmons, Mycotaxon" authorityName="E. G. Simmons, Mycotaxon" box="[136,743,1739,1767]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Alternaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="carotiincultae">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4542FF95FB9791A8D79680D9" bold="true" box="[136,423,1739,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Alternaria carotiincultae</emphasis>
E. G. Simmons, Mycotaxon
</taxonomicName>
55:103 (1995)
</treatmentCitation>
.
<figureCitation id="132E03994542FF95F88491ADD21180D8" box="[923,1056,1742,1767]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1069,1090]" captionTargetBox="[385,1219,191,1018]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[368,1220,190,1044]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of Alternaria carotiincultae YZU 151039 from Ligusticum chuanxiong. A: colony on PDA. B–D: sporulations on PCA. E: conidia. Scale bars = 20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713381/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs. 2 A–E</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA1F1C4542FF95FB979191D5E481DC" blockId="2.[136,1452,1778,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4542FF95FB979191D7268134" box="[136,279,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Descriptions</emphasis>
:—
<emphasis id="B961C30E4542FF95FA249191D7CC8134" box="[315,509,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Colonies on PDA</emphasis>
white to buff at the edge, saffron near center; buff to salmon, gradually dark brick in centre of reverse; velvety, effuse,
<quantity id="4CEDB2F94542FF95F91F9075D4498110" box="[512,632,1814,1839]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="54.0" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="52.0">52‒56 mm</quantity>
diam. after 7 days at 25 ºC.
<emphasis id="B961C30E4542FF95F8AC9075D2698110" box="[947,1112,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Conidiophores</emphasis>
erecting solitary or terminally from fertile hyphae, straight or curved, pale brown to dark brown, with short side branches bearing a single conidium or small clumps of dark conidia, commonly 20‒50 × 4‒6 μm with 1‒3 septa, secondary conidiophores normally short fistulous.
<emphasis id="B961C30E4542FF95FBE890E1D76081A4" box="[247,337,1922,1947]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Conidia</emphasis>
35‒50 × 10‒20(‒24) μm (x = 36.7 × 16.4 μm, n =50) in size, solitary or
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a chain in conidial clump derived from one conidiophores, short or long ovoid, long ellipsoid, smooth wall, yellowish brown to dark brown, with 3‒6 transverse, and 0‒2 longitudinal or oblique between septa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6A4F944543FF94FB979309D6EC82F8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713379" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13713379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713379/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" startId="3.[136,229,1130,1151]" targetBox="[151,1436,191,1094]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAA1F1C4543FF94FB979309D6EC82F8" blockId="3.[136,1453,1130,1223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94FB979309D6CC8240" bold="true" box="[136,253,1130,1151]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
ML phylogram of the present
<taxonomicName id="4C15649F4543FF94F93F9309D4B58240" box="[544,644,1130,1151]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Alternaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94F93F9309D4B58240" box="[544,644,1130,1151]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Alternaria</emphasis>
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strains (in bold) based on combined ITS, EF-1α, RPB2 and ATPase gene sequences. Bootstrap support values above 70 % from 1000 replicates are shown at the nodes. The bar indicates the number of substitutions per position.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30F4C974543FF94FBA29394D2418047" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAA1F1C4543FF94FBA29394D5A28367" blockId="3.[136,1452,1271,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94FBA29394D7AC832F" box="[189,413,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Materials examined</emphasis>
:—
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94FADE9394D5AF832F" bold="true" box="[449,926,1271,1296]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">
<collectingCountry id="F3025F8C4543FF94FADE9394D43D832F" box="[449,524,1271,1296]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1D1FE4543FF94F9079394D4DA832F" box="[536,747,1271,1296]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Sichuan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D1D1FE4543FF94F9E89394D5AF832F" box="[759,926,1271,1296]" country="China" name="Chengdu City" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Chengdu City</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94F8B39394D2B0832F" bold="true" box="[940,1153,1271,1296]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">
<collectingRegion id="49D1D1FE4543FF94F8B39394D2B0832F" box="[940,1153,1271,1296]" country="China" name="Wenjiang District" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Wenjiang District</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, Herb Garden of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from leaf spot and blight of
<taxonomicName id="4C15649F4543FF94F8A49278D2F0830B" box="[955,1217,1307,1332]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Ligusticum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chuanxiong">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94F8A49278D2F0830B" box="[955,1217,1307,1332]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Ligusticum chuanxiong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFAB39DC4543FF94FFD09278D35C830B" box="[1231,1389,1307,1332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" value="2015-05-19">19 May. 2015</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0487D94543FF94FE669278D3BE830B" box="[1401,1423,1307,1332]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14273" name="Universidad Central" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" type="Herbarium">Q</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED0487D94543FF94FE8D9278D399830B" box="[1426,1448,1307,1332]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14792" name="Yale University" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" type="Herbarium">Y</collectionCode>
. Tao &amp;
<collectionCode id="ED0487D94543FF94FBCA925CD6D38367" box="[213,226,1343,1368]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.X. Deng, deposited by
<collectionCode id="ED0487D94543FF94FAF5925CD4318367" box="[490,512,1343,1368]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14273" name="Universidad Central" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" type="Herbarium">Q</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED0487D94543FF94F91C925CD4288367" box="[515,537,1343,1368]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14792" name="Yale University" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" type="Herbarium">Y</collectionCode>
. Tao, living culture
<collectionCode id="ED0487D94543FF94F9E9925CD5018367" box="[758,816,1343,1368]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14820" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14820" name="Yuzhou University" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" type="Herbarium">YZU</collectionCode>
151039.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA1F1C4543FF94FBA29200D2418047" blockId="3.[136,1452,1271,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94FBA29200D6CC8343" box="[189,253,1379,1404]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Notes</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="4C15649F4543FF94FA3E9200D4078343" box="[289,566,1379,1404]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Alternaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="carotiincultae">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94FA3E9200D4078343" box="[289,566,1379,1404]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Alternaria carotiincultae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been isolated from
<taxonomicName id="4C15649F4543FF94F8299200D5E98343" box="[822,984,1379,1404]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Daucus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carota">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94F8299200D5E98343" box="[822,984,1379,1404]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Daucus carota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3025F8C4543FF94F8EA9200D26E8343" box="[1013,1119,1379,1404]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3025F8C4543FF94FF779200D2928343" box="[1128,1187,1379,1404]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3025F8C4543FF94FFB49200D2DF8343" box="[1195,1262,1379,1404]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3025F8C4543FF94FFE89200D34F8343" box="[1271,1406,1379,1404]" name="Netherlands" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3025F8C4543FF94FB9792E4D72C839F" box="[136,285,1415,1440]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8462ED4543FF94FA3592E4D7EE839F" author="Park, M. S. &amp; Romanoski, C. E. &amp; Pryor, B. M." box="[298,479,1415,1440]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" pagination="511 - 527" refId="ref4429" refString="Park, M. S., Romanoski, C. E. &amp; Pryor, B. M. (2008) A re-examination of the phylogenetic relationship between the causal agents of carrot black rot, Alternaria radicina and A. carotiincultae. Mycologia 100: 511 - 527. https: // doi. org / 10.3852 / 07 - 186 r 1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Park
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94FA7A92E4D7AD839F" box="[357,412,1415,1440]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
). It is the first report of the species from
<taxonomicName id="4C15649F4543FF94F88492E4D291839F" box="[923,1184,1415,1440]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Ligusticum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chuanxiong">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94F88492E4D291839F" box="[923,1184,1415,1440]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Ligusticum chuanxiong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3025F8C4543FF94FFDE92E4D339839F" box="[1217,1288,1415,1440]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">China</collectingCountry>
. The species is distinct from
<taxonomicName id="4C15649F4543FF94FA0492C8D7A683FB" baseAuthorityName="Simmons" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[283,407,1451,1476]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Alternaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="radicina">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94FA0492C8D7A683FB" box="[283,407,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">A. radicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because there is no tendency to become obovoid which kind of conidia is popular in
<taxonomicName id="4C15649F4543FF94FE3092C8D77683D7" authority="(Simmons 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Simmons" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Alternaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="radicina">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94FE3092C8D39A83FB" box="[1327,1451,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">A. radicina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8462ED4543FF94FB8F92ACD70E83D7" author="Simmons, E. G." box="[144,319,1487,1512]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" refId="ref4788" refString="Simmons, E. G. (2007) Alternaria: An identification manual, CBS Biodiversity Series 6. Utrecht: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures." type="book" year="2007">Simmons 2007</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C15649F4543FF94FA4D92ACD43C83D7" box="[338,525,1487,1512]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Alternaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="carotiincultae">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94FA4D92ACD43C83D7" box="[338,525,1487,1512]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">A. carotiincultae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows more rapidly than
<taxonomicName id="4C15649F4543FF94F83092ACD59C83D7" baseAuthorityName="Simmons" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[815,941,1487,1512]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Alternaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="radicina">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94F83092ACD59C83D7" box="[815,941,1487,1512]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">A. radicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<collectionCode id="ED0487D94543FF94F8C892ACD23C83D7" box="[983,1037,1487,1512]" country="Sri Lanka" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13944" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13944" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" type="Herbarium">PDA</collectionCode>
or
<collectionCode id="ED0487D94543FF94FF2D92ACD24C83D7" box="[1074,1149,1487,1512]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">APDA</collectionCode>
and produces conidia with more transverse septa (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8462ED4543FF94FA959290D4758033" author="Park, M. S. &amp; Romanoski, C. E. &amp; Pryor, B. M." box="[394,580,1523,1548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" pagination="511 - 527" refId="ref4429" refString="Park, M. S., Romanoski, C. E. &amp; Pryor, B. M. (2008) A re-examination of the phylogenetic relationship between the causal agents of carrot black rot, Alternaria radicina and A. carotiincultae. Mycologia 100: 511 - 527. https: // doi. org / 10.3852 / 07 - 186 r 1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Park
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94FAD89290D4318033" box="[455,512,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, the two species are closely related could be differentiated based on phylogenetic analysis of EF-1a, β- tubulin, and Alt a1 gene (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8462ED4543FF94F8479174D224800F" author="Park, M. S. &amp; Romanoski, C. E. &amp; Pryor, B. M." box="[856,1045,1559,1584]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" pagination="511 - 527" refId="ref4429" refString="Park, M. S., Romanoski, C. E. &amp; Pryor, B. M. (2008) A re-examination of the phylogenetic relationship between the causal agents of carrot black rot, Alternaria radicina and A. carotiincultae. Mycologia 100: 511 - 527. https: // doi. org / 10.3852 / 07 - 186 r 1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Park
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94F8899174D5E1800F" box="[918,976,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
), but also ATPase gene (the present study).
<collectionCode id="ED0487D94543FF94FBC59158D6DC806B" box="[218,237,1595,1620]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
small-spored
<taxonomicName id="4C15649F4543FF94FA959158D7CE806B" box="[394,511,1595,1620]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Alternaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94FA959158D7CE806B" box="[394,511,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Alternaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C15649F4543FF94F9139158D4B5806B" box="[524,644,1595,1620]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Alternaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="ligustici">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94F9139158D4B5806B" box="[524,644,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">A. ligustici</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reported from the same host (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8462ED4543FF94F8F59158D246806B" author="Zhang, T. Y." box="[1002,1143,1595,1620]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" refId="ref5320" refString="Zhang, T. Y. (2003) Flora fungorum sinicorum, vol. 16 Alternaria. Beijing, China." type="book" year="2003">Zhang 2003</bibRefCitation>
). However, it is distint to
<taxonomicName id="4C15649F4543FF94FE8C9158D7158047" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Alternaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="carotiincultae">
<emphasis id="B961C30E4543FF94FE8C9158D7158047" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">A. carotiincultae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by producing catenulate obclavate conidia (2‒3 conidia per chain on host).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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