491 lines
66 KiB
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491 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document id="529CF0FC6D281524C230AE9E9C5EC54E" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.186.3.5" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5147040" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627608761528" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Echternacht, Livia" docDate="2014" docId="03E7878AFFE9FFE1FF71FBCAFACD39D5" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.186.3.166-173.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 186 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.186.3.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Comanthera pignalii Echtern. 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="171" masterDocId="FFDEFFF2FFE8FFE4FFF9FFDEFFC13E31" masterDocTitle="A critically endangered new species of Comanthera from Bahia, Brazil (Paepalanthoideae, Eriocaulaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="173" masterPageNumber="166" pageNumber="167" updateTime="1699030727987" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="925821A1127B36A4BCD1AFFC10C9A4C1">A critically endangered new species of Comanthera from Bahia, Brazil (Paepalanthoideae, Eriocaulaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="56413EE2A235E619DCF9B04AFF36B8C5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A90CE82F8D3788A3C94060A977C23828">Echternacht, Livia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F9ABA41A20402CFC2E76A9007D9C182D">Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Biologia. Rua Ceará s / n Bloco 2 D sala 32, Campus Umuarama, CEP 38400 - 902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. livia. echter @ inbio. ufu. br</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="71FA3378FE62760CC646E5D79C14342E">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="73B8847FD648B08FCECDABB49ACB2898">
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<mods:date id="5D0BB49877E9BA87893EB2E38B0DE4F9">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D65FD28C0C8E9382756F9BFDC4E9EBEF">2014-11-27</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="03D091712CBEB9A7E81D4DA8EA16A0FD">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.186.3.5</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="3AD424FA01A268E6F0F107E9B30EA86D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFE9FFE5FF71FBCAFE203A1F" ID-CoL="XDNK" authority="Echtern." authorityName="Echtern." authorityYear="2014" box="[136,481,1044,1071]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFE9FFE5FF71FBCAFEB83A1E" bold="true" box="[136,377,1044,1071]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="167">Comanthera pignalii</emphasis>
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Echtern.
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,
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(
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<figureCitation id="13752A19FFE9FFE5FDA8FBCAFD7B3A1F" box="[593,698,1044,1070]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[136,245,1932,1958]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,243,1644,1670]" captionStartId-2="4.[136,245,2025,2051]" captionTargetBox-0="[274,1284,532,1881]" captionTargetBox-1="[246,1342,206,1620]" captionTargetBox-2="[161,1433,197,1999]" captionTargetId-0="figure-157@2.[246,1342,494,1908]" captionTargetId-1="figure-23@3.[246,1342,206,1620]" captionTargetId-2="figure-15@4.[152,1435,187,2001]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Comanthera pignalii. A. Habit. B. Scape and spathe, showing the lanose indument. C. Capitulum with flowers in early anthesis. D. External involucral bract. E. Internal involucral bract. F. Staminate flower. G. Staminate flower without pedicel and sepals. H. Pistillate flower. I. Gynoecium. Scale bar: A, 3 cm; B, D–I, 1 mm; C, 3 mm. (Drawn from the holotype by L. Echternacht)" captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Comanthera pignalii.A. Rosette of leaves, spathes and base of scapes, showing their whitish appearence due to the white lanose indument. B. Abaxial view ot the capitulum, with evenly cream involucral bracts. C. Young capitulum. D. Capitulum with the first staminate flowers at anthesis. E. Capitulum with developed fruits and dispersing seeds, which are visible amongst the mascescent pistillate flowers. F. Habit and habitat. G. Areia Branca, the white-sand site where C. pignalii occurs, near the town of Jacaraci, and the Serra Geral at the background. (Photos: L. Echternacht)" captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Map showing the occurrence point of Comanthera pignalii, provided by CNCFlora following the standards described in Martinelli & Moraes (2013)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5147042" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5147044" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5147046" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5147042/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5147044/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5147046/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="167">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
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)
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<collectionCode id="ED5FAE59FFE9FFE5FB89FB5AFB613AAB" box="[1136,1184,1156,1178]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15730" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15730" name="Universidade de São Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" type="Herbarium">SPF</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1369CFFE9FFE5FF71FB76FCEC3AD3" blockId="1.[136,1452,1120,1250]" pageId="1" pageNumber="167">Ab alteris speciebus, lanosis foliis spathisque, spathae lacerato apice, capitulis cum involucri cremeis adpressisque aequantibus flores bracteis, pistillatis floribus cum pilosis petalis, praecipue differt.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1369CFFE9FFE5FF71FACEFEF7362E" blockId="1.[136,1452,1296,2079]" pageId="1" pageNumber="167">
|
||
Perennial herbs,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FEBAFACEFE733B1A" box="[323,434,1296,1323]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="cm" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15–25 cm</quantity>
|
||
tall. Stem aerial,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FD81FACEFD0A3B1A" box="[632,715,1296,1323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, erect, unbranched. Leaves rosulate, erect to recurved, terete to semi-terete, lanceolate,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FE52FAEAFE3C3B7E" box="[427,509,1332,1359]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
|
||
×
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FDE1FAEAFD603B7E" box="[536,673,1332,1359]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; both surfaces and the margins lanose, with recurved, malpighiaceous, white trichomes; abaxial surface with a thickened central vein; apex round to obtuse. Spathes
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FB53FA86FB3C3B42" box="[1194,1277,1368,1395]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, lanose as the leaves, apex lacerate, membranaceous. Scapes 2–30 per individual,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FC4CFAA2FBE43BA6" box="[949,1061,1404,1431]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="cm" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">15–30 cm</quantity>
|
||
long at the flowering stage, erect, usually longer and decumbent after anthesis; densely pilose to lanose, with reclinate, malpighiaceous, white trichomes. Capitula
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FF08FA1AFE913BEE" box="[241,336,1476,1503]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
high ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FE57FA1AFDDD3BEE" box="[430,540,1476,1503]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="5.0">5–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, campanulate to radiate; involucral bracts in 7–9 series, appressed, equal to the flowers level, bracts cream, margins hyaline, straw-colored at the very base; external series circular to obovate, apex round, 0.8–1.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FE06F9D2FD4D3816" box="[511,652,1548,1575]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, pubescent to glabrescent on the abaxial surface, glabrous adaxially, bracts progressively longer and less pilose towards the inner series, internal series oblong to oblanceolate, apex round, 3.5–4.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FF06F98AFE4B385E" box="[255,394,1620,1647]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers 3-merous, 50–150 per capitulum; the staminate flowers maturing before the adjacent pistillate flowers, usually twice the number of pistillate than staminate flowers in mature capitula. Floral bracts absent. Staminate flowers 3.8–5.0 mm long, including the pedicel; pedicel 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FAEBF942FAA83886" box="[1298,1385,1692,1719]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; sepals slightly smaller than or equaling the petals; sepals fused at the very base, concave, elliptic,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FB1AF91EFAAA38EA" box="[1251,1387,1728,1755]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, glabrous, membranaceous, hyaline, apex round to obtuse; petals fused at the base, concave, elliptic,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FB1CF93AFAAD38CE" box="[1253,1388,1764,1791]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, glabrous, membranaceous, hyaline, apex round to obtuse; stamens free, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FC2EF8D6FBF53912" box="[983,1076,1800,1827]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, exserted; pistillodes ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FA71F8D6FF753976" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, connate in the base, papillose at the apex. Pistillate flowers
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FC6DF8F2FBDA3976" box="[916,1051,1836,1863]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="4.2" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="3.2">3.2–5.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, including the pedicel; pedicel ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FF49F88EFEC9395A" box="[176,264,1872,1899]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long at anthesis, elongating to ca. 2.0 mm during fruit maturation; sepals free, concave, elliptic, 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FA73F88EFF7539BE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, glabrous, membranaceous, hyaline, apex round to obtuse; petals fused at the middle, free at base and top, narrow-spathulate, 2.5–3.0 mm long, hairy on both surfaces at the middle portion, marcescent and glabrescent at fruiting, ascending trichomes ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FDFDF862FD9D39E6" box="[516,604,1980,2007]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, membranaceous, hyaline, apex round; gynoecium
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FB1BF862FAAB39E6" box="[1250,1386,1980,2007]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, stigmatic branches
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FE99F83EFE2639CA" box="[352,487,2016,2043]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, nectariferous branches ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FCAEF83EFC5939CA" box="[855,920,2016,2043]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, papillose at apex. Seeds ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFE9FFE5FAEFF83EFAAD39CA" box="[1302,1388,2016,2043]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, elliptic, rugose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1369CFFEAFFE6FF44FF40FDFD3FE9" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="168">
|
||
Distribution and habitat:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEAFFE6FE16FF40FD1A3E89" box="[495,731,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEAFFE6FE16FF40FD1A3E89" box="[495,731,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="168">Comanthera pignalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from a single population in Jacaraci municipality, in the locality of Areia Branca, at the border of the Serra Geral, which is an intermediate mountain range between the septentrional and meridional massifs of the Espinhaço range, in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF87EFFEAFFE6FC8AFF38FC753F31" box="[883,948,230,256]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="2" pageNumber="168">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF87EFFEAFFE6FC08FF38FB4B3F31" box="[1009,1162,230,256]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="2" pageNumber="168">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
states, respectively. This region is located in a transition zone between the Cerrado and the Caatinga biomes, characterized as humid to subhumid (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE59FFEAFFE6FF1BFEF0FF363F79" box="[226,247,302,328]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="2" pageNumber="168" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
2wB’3a’;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B6DFFEAFFE6FE9EFEF0FD7D3F78" author="Thornthwaite, C. W. & Mather, J. R." box="[359,700,302,329]" pageId="2" pageNumber="168" refId="ref4797" refString="Thornthwaite, C. W. & Mather, J. R. (1955) The water balance. Publications in Climatology. Drexel Institute of Technology, New Jersey, 104 pp." type="book" year="1955">Thornthwaite & Mather 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B6DFFEAFFE6FD30FEF0FCF93F79" author="SEI" box="[713,824,302,328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="168" refId="ref4704" refString="SEI. (1999) Balanco hidrico do estado da Bahia. Serie Estudos e Pesquisas, n. 45. SEI, Salvador, 250 pp." type="book" year="1999">SEI 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Jacaraci is poorly explored scientifically and the few botanical studies carried out there have revealed a new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEAFFE6FCF7FE8CFC693F5D" box="[782,936,338,364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B6DFFEAFFE6FBEDFE8CFB5B3F5D" author="Leme, E. M. C." box="[1044,1178,338,364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="168" pagination="129 - 146" refId="ref4400" refString="Leme, E. M. C. (2010) Miscellanous new species of brazilian Bromeliaceae. Selbyana 30: 129 - 146." type="journal article" year="2010">Leme 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in addition to the new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEAFFE6FF71FEA8FEE43FA1" box="[136,293,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Eriocaulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species described here. There are other probably new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEAFFE6FC73FEA8FBEB3FA1" box="[906,1066,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Eriocaulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, currently under investigation, not only from Jacaraci municipality but also from surrounding mountains. Botanists should feel encouraged to explore this region, as other new taxa are expected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF316614FFEAFFE6FF71F852FD443622" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5147042" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5147042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5147042/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="168" startId="2.[136,245,1932,1958]" targetBox="[274,1284,532,1881]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1369CFFEAFFE6FF71F852FD443622" blockId="2.[136,1452,1932,2067]" pageId="2" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEAFFE6FF71F852FED23997" bold="true" box="[136,275,1932,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="168">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEAFFE6FEE2F852FDCE3997" box="[283,527,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEAFFE6FEE2F852FDCA3997" box="[283,523,1932,1958]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">Comanthera pignalii</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. Habit. B. Scape and spathe, showing the lanose indument. C. Capitulum with flowers in early anthesis. D. External involucral bract. E. Internal involucral bract. F. Staminate flower. G. Staminate flower without pedicel and sepals. H. Pistillate flower. I. Gynoecium. Scale bar: A, 3 cm; B, D–I, 1 mm; C, 3 mm. (Drawn from the holotype by L. Echternacht)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF316614FFEBFFE7FF71F9B2FACF3926" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5147044" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5147044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5147044/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="169" startId="3.[136,243,1644,1670]" targetBox="[246,1342,206,1620]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1369CFFEBFFE7FF71F9B2FACF3926" blockId="3.[136,1452,1644,1815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEBFFE7FF71F9B2FECF38B7" bold="true" box="[136,270,1644,1670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="169">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEBFFE7FEEAF9B2FE3E38B7" box="[275,511,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEBFFE7FEEAF9B2FE3A38B7" box="[275,507,1644,1670]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="169" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">Comanthera pignalii</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. Rosette of leaves, spathes and base of scapes, showing their whitish appearence due to the white lanose indument. B. Abaxial view ot the capitulum, with evenly cream involucral bracts. C. Young capitulum. D. Capitulum with the first staminate flowers at anthesis. E. Capitulum with developed fruits and dispersing seeds, which are visible amongst the mascescent pistillate flowers. F. Habit and habitat. G. Areia Branca, the white-sand site where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEBFFE7FA6BF906FF1C3927" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="169" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEBFFE7FA6BF906FF1C3927" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="169">C. pignalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs, near the town of Jacaraci, and the Serra Geral at the background. (Photos: L. Echternacht)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1369CFFEBFFE7FF44F89AFED43623" blockId="3.[136,1452,1860,2066]" pageId="3" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEBFFE7FF44F89AFE69396F" box="[189,424,1860,1886]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="169" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEBFFE7FF44F89AFE69396F" box="[189,424,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="169">Comanthera pignalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in a white-sand environment, over sandy, well-drained soils derived from sandstone formations, amongst a shrubby to herbaceous vegetation. The phytophysiognomy evokes the Restinga, a coastal ecosystem composed by dunes. The white-sand open area is surrounded by dense Caatinga vegetation, shrubby to arborescent, forming a deciduous forest. Only one population was found, limited to this strictly sandy and open area, composed of ca. 100 individuals, in groups of three to four plants, usually separated by
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFEBFFE7FB95F80AFB1D39DF" box="[1132,1244,2004,2031]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 50 m</quantity>
|
||
, occupying a very narrow area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF316614FFECFFE0FF71F837FD993616" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5147046" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5147046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5147046/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="170" startId="4.[136,245,2025,2051]" targetBox="[161,1433,197,1999]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1369CFFECFFE0FF71F837FD993616" blockId="4.[136,1452,2025,2088]" pageId="4" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFECFFE0FF71F837FECE3632" bold="true" box="[136,271,2025,2051]" pageId="4" pageNumber="170">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing the occurrence point of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFECFFE0FD4BF837FC5B3632" box="[690,922,2025,2051]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="170" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFECFFE0FD4BF837FC5B3632" box="[690,922,2025,2051]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="170">Comanthera pignalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, provided by CNCFlora following the standards described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B6DFFECFFE0FEEEF7D3FD953616" author="Martinelli, G. & Moraes, M. A." box="[279,596,2061,2088]" pageId="4" pageNumber="170" refId="ref4425" refString="Martinelli, G. & Moraes, M. A. (2013) Livro Vermelho da Flora do Brasil. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro & Andrea Jakobson, Rio de Janeiro, 1100 pp." type="book" year="2013">Martinelli & Moraes (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1369CFFEDFFE1FF44FF40FC343F5D" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">
|
||
Etymology:—It is a great pleasure to dedicate this distinct species to Marc Pignal, the French botanist and excellent researcher, in honor of his important contribution to botany, especially in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359760CFFEDFFE1FC34FF1CFBD43EED" box="[973,1045,194,220]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE59FFEDFFE1FBD8FF1DFBFC3EEC" box="[1057,1085,195,221]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
|
||
. Pignal has worked intensely on the conservation of the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE59FFEDFFE1FE63FF39FE683F30" box="[410,425,231,257]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||
herbarium and integration of European herbaria. He also works with historical Brazilian collections, especially regarding August de Saint-Hilaire, favoring their inclusion in the Brazilian Virtual Herbarium. Without his curiosity, this new species would remain unknown to science, as he was the first to collect it. He is a true naturalist that inspires us all with his enthusiasm and great devotion to botany.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1369CFFEDFFE1FF44FEA8FDE33FE9" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">Phenology:—The population was found with flowers and fruits in April and May. The coexistence of old, mature and young inflorescences in the same individual suggest a continuous bloom, although further observations throughout the year are required to confirm this.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1369CFFEDFFE1FF44FE3CFC513DB9" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">
|
||
Conservation status:—This species is known from a single population and locality, which is not protected by any Conservation Unit. The area is under great human pressure as there are mining activities of sand extraction nearby (less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFEDFFE1FF39FDF4FEC63C74" box="[192,263,554,581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
away). In addition, its proximity to the town of Jacaraci imposes threats: the Areia Branca site is used for recreation and urban growth could suppress the native vegetation in the near future. The individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FAE6FD90FF1E3CBD" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FAE6FD90FF1E3CBD" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">Comanthera pignalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grow over the sand and are fragilely fixed to the soil. These tiny white plants are hardly visible, and people frequently walk through them. The propitious habitat for the species occurs only at this sandy spot, as there are no similar environments in the region (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A19FFEDFFE1FDABFD64FD6F3CE5" box="[594,686,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1644,1670]" captionTargetBox="[246,1342,206,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-23@3.[246,1342,206,1620]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Comanthera pignalii.A. Rosette of leaves, spathes and base of scapes, showing their whitish appearence due to the white lanose indument. B. Abaxial view ot the capitulum, with evenly cream involucral bracts. C. Young capitulum. D. Capitulum with the first staminate flowers at anthesis. E. Capitulum with developed fruits and dispersing seeds, which are visible amongst the mascescent pistillate flowers. F. Habit and habitat. G. Areia Branca, the white-sand site where C. pignalii occurs, near the town of Jacaraci, and the Serra Geral at the background. (Photos: L. Echternacht)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5147044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5147044/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||
), which means that possibly there is no other living population. In the white-sand area, the population is restricted to the borders, where the plants find open, sunny conditions, but are protected by the surrounding shrubby vegetation. The area of occupancy is four km
|
||
<superScript id="7C3B9BD4FFEDFFE1FBC8FCDCFBF83D21" attach="left" box="[1073,1081,770,784]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">2</superScript>
|
||
and tends to decrease, as well as the extent of occurrence, the quality of the habitat and the size of the population. According to criteria
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE59FFEDFFE1FAF8FCF8FAD23D71" box="[1281,1299,806,832]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
|
||
21ab (i, ii, iii, iv) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B6DFFEDFFE1FF4EFC94FE833D55" author="IUCN" box="[183,322,842,868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" refId="ref4325" refString="IUCN. (2014) IUCN Red List Threatened Species. Available from www. iucnredlist. org (accessed October 2014)." type="journal volume" year="2014">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE59FFEDFFE1FF4EFC94FF3C3D55" box="[183,253,842,868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), this species is considered critically endangered (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE59FFEDFFE1FC85FC94FC663D55" box="[892,935,842,868]" country="Costa Rica" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15652" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">CR</collectionCode>
|
||
). This evaluation was provided by CNCFlora following the methodology described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B6DFFEDFFE1FDB6FCB0FC4D3DB9" author="Martinelli, G. & Moraes, M. A." box="[591,908,878,905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" refId="ref4425" refString="Martinelli, G. & Moraes, M. A. (2013) Livro Vermelho da Flora do Brasil. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro & Andrea Jakobson, Rio de Janeiro, 1100 pp." type="book" year="2013">Martinelli & Moraes (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1369CFFEDFFE1FF44FC4CFDCC3A99" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">
|
||
Discussion:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FEA5FC4CFD863D9D" box="[348,583,914,940]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FEA5FC4CFD863D9D" box="[348,583,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">Comanthera pignalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily recognized by a whitish general look, due to a dense cover of white trichomes, leaves and spathes lanose, spathes lacerate at the apex, cream capitula, with appressed involucral bracts equaling to the flowers, and pilose petals of the pistillate flowers. The uniqueness of this species makes it difficult to determine its closest relatives, but the ones that show its most conspicuous features, i.e. a whitish cover of trichomes and woolly leaves, are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FE6BFBFDFBD53A0D" authority="(Giulietti 1996: 63) L. R. Parra & Giulietti" authorityName="L. R. Parra & Giulietti" baseAuthorityName="Giulietti" baseAuthorityPageNumber="63" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[402,1044,1058,1085]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FE6BFBFDFDE93A0D" box="[402,552,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">C. brasiliana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B6DFFEDFFE1FDC0FBFCFCC63A0C" author="Giulietti, A. M." box="[569,775,1058,1085]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref4145" refString="Giulietti, A. M. (1996) Novas especies no genero Syngonanthus Ruhl. (Eriocaulaceae) para o Brasil. Boletim de Botanica da Universidade de Sao Paulo 15: 63 - 72." type="journal article" year="1996">Giulietti 1996: 63</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) L.R. Parra & Giulietti
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B6DFFEDFFE1FBC4FBFDFA963A0D" author="Parra, L. R. & Giulietti, A. M. & Andrade, M. J. G. de & van den Berg, C." box="[1085,1367,1058,1085]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" pagination="1135 - 1146" refId="ref4613" refString="Parra, L. R., Giulietti, A. M., Andrade, M. J. G. de & van den Berg, C. (2010) Reestablishment and new circumscription of Comanthera (Eriocaulaceae). Taxon 59: 1135 - 1146." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Parra
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FB78FBFDFB7A3A0D" box="[1153,1211,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010: 1138)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FA6BFBFDFD3D3A51" authority="(Moldenke 1980: 478) L. R. Parra & Giulietti" authorityName="L. R. Parra & Giulietti" baseAuthorityName="Moldenke" baseAuthorityPageNumber="478" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floccosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FA6BFBFDFF243A51" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">C. floccosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B6DFFEDFFE1FF0EFB98FE2A3A51" author="Moldenke, H. N." box="[247,491,1094,1120]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" pagination="468 - 478" refId="ref4511" refString="Moldenke, H. N. (1980) Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CXXXVII. Phytologia 45: 468 - 478." type="journal article" year="1980">Moldenke 1980: 478</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) L.R. Parra & Giulietti
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B6DFFEDFFE1FCDFFB99FB893A51" author="Parra, L. R. & Giulietti, A. M. & Andrade, M. J. G. de & van den Berg, C." box="[806,1096,1094,1121]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" pagination="1135 - 1146" refId="ref4613" refString="Parra, L. R., Giulietti, A. M., Andrade, M. J. G. de & van den Berg, C. (2010) Reestablishment and new circumscription of Comanthera (Eriocaulaceae). Taxon 59: 1135 - 1146." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Parra
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FC95FB99FC663A51" box="[876,935,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010: 1144)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Another distinct feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FA6BFB99FF1E3AB5" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FA6BFB99FF1E3AB5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">C. pignalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is its evenly cream involucral bracts, a character shared only with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FC24FBB5FB9D3AB5" authorityName="L. R. Parra & Giulietti" baseAuthorityName="Moldenke" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[989,1116,1130,1157]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floccosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FC24FBB5FB9D3AB5" box="[989,1116,1130,1157]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">C. floccosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FB6FFBB5FDC93A99" authority="(Koernicke 1863: 438) Moldenke (1966: 218)" authorityName="Moldenke" authorityPageNumber="218" authorityYear="1966" baseAuthorityName="Koernicke" baseAuthorityPageNumber="438" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kegeliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FB6FFBB5FAE43AB5" box="[1174,1317,1130,1157]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">C. kegeliana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B6DFFEDFFE1FACCFBB4FF3A3A99" author="Koernicke, F." pageId="5" pageNumber="171" pagination="271 - 508" refId="ref4349" refString="Koernicke, F. (1863) Eriocaulaceae. In: Martius, K. F. P. & Eichler, A. W. (Eds.) Flora Brasiliensis, vol. 3 (1). Tipografia Regia, Munique, pp. 271 - 508." type="book chapter" year="1863">Koernicke 1863: 438</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B6DFFEDFFE1FEF0FB50FDC93A99" author="Moldenke, H. N." box="[265,520,1166,1192]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" pagination="218" refId="ref4489" refString="Moldenke, H. N. (1966) Notes on new and noteworthy plants XLIII. Phytologia 13: 218." type="journal article" year="1966">Moldenke (1966: 218)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1369CFFEDFFE1FF44FB6CFF263B95" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FF44FB6CFE053AFD" authorityName="L. R. Parra & Giulietti" baseAuthorityName="Giulietti" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[189,452,1202,1228]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FF44FB6CFE053AFD" box="[189,452,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">Comanthera brasiliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FDA8FB6DFD083AFD" box="[593,713,1202,1229]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FDA8FB6DFD083AFD" box="[593,713,1202,1229]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">C. pignalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lanose leaves and spathes and pilose involucral bracts, but can be easily distinguished by the form of the capitula, which has involucral bracts pale-brown at the base and middle and cream at the apex (vs. completely cream), that are lax and recurved (vs. appressed). In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FB53FB25FAFD3B25" authorityName="L. R. Parra & Giulietti" baseAuthorityName="Giulietti" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1194,1340,1274,1301]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FB53FB25FAFD3B25" box="[1194,1340,1274,1301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">C. brasiliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has much longer (5–8 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFEDFFE1FECEFAC0FE4B3B08" box="[311,394,1310,1337]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
|
||
long), flat to canaliculated leaves (vs. terete to semi-terete), an acute spathe apex (vs. lacerate) and glabrous petals of the pistillate flowers (vs. pilose). The species are allopatric, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FBC8FA9DFB053B6D" authorityName="L. R. Parra & Giulietti" baseAuthorityName="Giulietti" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1073,1220,1346,1373]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FBC8FA9DFB053B6D" box="[1073,1220,1346,1373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">C. brasiliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is narrowly endemic to Rio Vermelho municipality in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF87EFFEDFFE1FE04FAB8FD573BB1" box="[509,662,1382,1408]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
, around
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFEDFFE1FD01FAB8FC8C3BB1" box="[760,845,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" unit="km" value="250.0">250 km</quantity>
|
||
south of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FC41FAB9FBF03BB1" box="[952,1073,1382,1409]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FC41FAB9FBF03BB1" box="[952,1073,1382,1409]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">C. pignalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although they do occupy similar habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546517FFEDFFE1FF44FA70FD1839AC" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1369CFFEDFFE1FF44FA70FC8E393D" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FF44FA70FE6D3BF9" authorityName="L. R. Parra & Giulietti" baseAuthorityName="Moldenke" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[189,428,1454,1480]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floccosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FF44FA70FE6D3BF9" box="[189,428,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">Comanthera floccosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FDCCFA71FD6D3BF9" box="[565,684,1454,1481]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FDCCFA71FD6D3BF9" box="[565,684,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">C. pignalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a similar size, lanose leaves, a lacerate spathe apex, and capitula with appressed involucral bracts. It differs in a number of features, as it is morphologically isolated from all other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FF5FFA29FF013820" box="[166,192,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">C.</emphasis>
|
||
subg.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FEF1FA28FE553821" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" box="[264,404,1526,1552]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FEF1FA28FE553821" box="[264,404,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">Comanthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It can be easily told apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FD04FA29FCB53821" box="[765,884,1526,1553]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FD04FA29FCB53821" box="[765,884,1526,1553]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">C. pignalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its cespitose rhizome (vs. erect and unbranched aerial stem), which is very woolly, with long hairs completely covering and surpassing the leaves, leaves reduced to a lanceolate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FEF9F9E0FE433869" box="[256,386,1598,1624]" form="barely" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" rank="form">form barely</taxonomicName>
|
||
reaching
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFEDFFE1FE16F9E0FDEE3868" box="[495,559,1598,1625]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFEDFFE1FD62F9E0FCD93868" box="[667,792,1598,1625]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
), greenish scapes that are often glabrescent (vs. greyish and always pilose), glabrous involucral bracts (vs. pilose), glabrous petals of the pistillate flowers (vs. pilose) and unique staminate flowers, with petals fused in the middle and free at base and top, and pistillodes with yellowish appendages at the base, projecting between the petals (vs. petals fused at base and pistillodes without appendices). Both species are allopatric, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FED9F911FE5F38D9" authorityName="L. R. Parra & Giulietti" baseAuthorityName="Moldenke" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[288,414,1742,1769]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floccosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FED9F911FE5F38D9" box="[288,414,1742,1769]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">C. floccosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is narrowly endemic to Gentio do Ouro municipality and surroundings, in the northwestern Espinhaço Range in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF87EFFEDFFE1FE96F92CFE72393D" box="[367,435,1778,1804]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, around
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFEDFFE1FDEAF92CFDA9393D" box="[531,616,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" unit="km" value="350.0">350 km</quantity>
|
||
north of
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FD36F92DFC8E393D" box="[719,847,1778,1805]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FD36F92DFC8A393D" box="[719,843,1778,1805]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">C. pignalii</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1369CFFEDFFE1FF44F8C9FD1839AC" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">
|
||
In spite of the shared cream capitula,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FDADF8C8FC923901" authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1966" baseAuthorityName="Koernicke" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[596,851,1814,1840]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kegeliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FDADF8C8FC923901" box="[596,851,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">Comanthera kegeliana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is quite different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FBB4F8C9FB023901" box="[1101,1219,1814,1841]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FBB4F8C9FB023901" box="[1101,1219,1814,1841]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">C. pignalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, easily distinguished by its smaller size, usually not surpassing
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFEDFFE1FD9EF8E4FD713964" box="[615,688,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
, rosettes of greenish, pubescent leaves (vs. whitish and lanose) and spathes with acuminate apices (vs. lacerate). This species is the only one of the subgenus occurring in the Amazonian savannas, and is therefore allopatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FDA3F85DFD1039AD" box="[602,721,1922,1949]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Comanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pignalii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA8EFFEDFFE1FDA3F85DFD1039AD" box="[602,721,1922,1949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">C. pignalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3546517FFEDFFE1FF44F878FACD39D5" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1369CFFEDFFE1FF44F878FACD39D5" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B263CC1FFEDFFE1FF44F878FAC939D5" collectingDate="2011-05-05" collectionCode="M, R, HUESBVC" collectorName="M. Pignal & R. Reis Jr. & M. Pignal, R. Reis Jr. & Jr." country="Brazil" elevation="929" latitude="-14.834033" location="Areia Branca" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-42.42167" municipality="Jacaraci" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B263CC1FFEDFFE1FF44F878FDA539D4" collectingDate="2011-05-05" collectionCode="M" country="Brazil" elevation="929" latitude="-14.834033" location="Areia Branca" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-42.42167" municipality="Jacaraci" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
Additional specimens examined (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F5883EFFEDFFE1FD99F878FD1139F1" box="[608,720,1958,1984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
):—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F359760CFFEDFFE1FD00F878FCA239F1" box="[761,867,1958,1984]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AF87EFFEDFFE1FC84F878FC0239F1" box="[893,963,1958,1984]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B95ACE6FFEDFFE1FC25F878FBF839F1" box="[988,1081,1958,1984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">Jacaraci</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E916047FFEDFFE1FBA8F878FB3639F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E7878AFFE9FFE1FF71FBCAFACD39D5:8E916047FFEDFFE1FBA8F878FB3639F0" box="[1105,1271,1958,1985]" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.834033" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-42.42167" municipality="Jacaraci" name="Areia Branca" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Bahia">Areia Branca</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7A505BFFEDFFE1FAEBF878FA6D39F0" box="[1298,1452,1958,1985]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" precision="1" seconds="2.52" value="-14.834033">14°50’2.52”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7A505BFFEDFFE1FF71F814FED639D4" box="[136,279,1994,2021]" degrees="42" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-42.42167">42°25’18”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B79FFEDFFE1FEDAF814FEAB39D4" box="[291,362,1994,2021]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.29" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="929.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0063D1AFFFEDFFE1FEDAF814FEAB39D4" box="[291,362,1994,2021]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.29" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="929.0">929 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<date id="FFF0105CFFEDFFE1FE4AF814FDFC39D5" box="[435,573,1994,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" value="2011-05-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB4E9B4FFEDFFE1FE4AF814FDFC39D5" box="[435,573,1994,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" value="2011-05-05">5 May 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26BB534AFFEDFFE1FDB1F815FDA539D4" box="[584,612,1995,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE59FFEDFFE1FDB1F815FDA539D4" box="[584,612,1995,2021]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B263CC1FFEDFFE1FD96F814FD1A39D4" box="[623,731,1994,2021]" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" location="Pignal" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
|
||
<location id="8E916047FFEDFFE1FD96F814FD7B39D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E7878AFFE9FFE1FF71FBCAFACD39D5:8E916047FFEDFFE1FD96F814FD7B39D5" box="[623,698,1994,2020]" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.834033" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-42.42167" municipality="Jacaraci" name="Pignal" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Bahia">Pignal</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26BB534AFFEDFFE1FD3CF815FD1A39D4" box="[709,731,1995,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE59FFEDFFE1FD3CF815FD1A39D4" box="[709,731,1995,2021]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">R</collectionCode>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B263CC1FFEDFFE1FD1CF814FC5839D4" box="[741,921,1994,2021]" collectionCode="M, R" country="Brazil" location="Reis Jr." pageId="5" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
|
||
<location id="8E916047FFEDFFE1FD1CF814FCF839D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E7878AFFE9FFE1FF71FBCAFACD39D5:8E916047FFEDFFE1FD1CF814FCF839D4" box="[741,825,1994,2021]" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.834033" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-42.42167" municipality="Jacaraci" name="Reis Jr." pageId="5" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Bahia">Reis Jr.</location>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="26BB534AFFEDFFE1FCA5F815FC5839D4" box="[860,921,1995,2021]" name="M. Pignal, R. Reis Jr." pageId="5" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE59FFEDFFE1FCA5F815FCB939D4" box="[860,888,1995,2021]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE59FFEDFFE1FC7AF815FC5839D4" box="[899,921,1995,2021]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">R</collectionCode>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B263CC1FFEDFFE1FC5DF814FAC939D5" box="[932,1288,1994,2021]" collectionCode="HUESBVC" collectorName="Jr." country="Brazil" location="Jr." pageId="5" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
|
||
da
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D1FFFEDFFE1FC3CF814FC3E39D5" authority="Echternacht, 2014" authorityName="Echternacht" authorityYear="2014" box="[965,1023,1994,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Silva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Silva</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectorName id="26BB534AFFEDFFE1FBFFF815FBE139D4" box="[1030,1056,1995,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<location id="8E916047FFEDFFE1FBFFF815FBE139D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E7878AFFE9FFE1FF71FBCAFACD39D5:8E916047FFEDFFE1FBFFF815FBE139D4" box="[1030,1056,1995,2021]" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.834033" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-42.42167" municipality="Jacaraci" name="Jr." pageId="5" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Bahia">Jr.</location>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
3983 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE59FFEDFFE1FB97F814FB3C39D5" box="[1134,1277,1994,2020]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rigc-sv30" name="Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia-Vitória da Conquista" pageId="5" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">HUESBVC</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |