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<document id="568F2051E5F2C787D015B44C9E126372" ID-CLB-Dataset="222445" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5227.2.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1b91e60d-db3d-4fbc-9d31-e21579428be3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518712" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1673310678968" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Matteo, Vecchi, Sara, Calhim &amp; Henry, Choong" docDate="2023" docId="03E4ED39CB4EFFBBFF4234A7FC1BF873" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5227.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5227 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Acanthechiniscus goedeni" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="298" masterDocId="FFDD9541CB4FFFB8FFD53523FF83FFA9" masterDocTitle="Larva description and phylogenetic position of the armoured tardigrade Acanthechiniscus goedeni (Grigarick, Mihelčič &amp; Schuster, 1964)" masterLastPageNumber="300" masterPageNumber="295" pageNumber="296" updateTime="1699473594149" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="482605AF2888AADFA2BD7721529D36BF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="CD16F13043436F7497250657F071DF93">
<mods:title id="97F0F701BFCDC35C7B10137B26E23B53">Larva description and phylogenetic position of the armoured tardigrade Acanthechiniscus goedeni (Grigarick, Mihelčič &amp; Schuster, 1964)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="5A022B291F528FAD13DC00503D5D69D5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FEEDA6EC82F4E4CA84B6B16C43BEDB6B">
<mods:roleTerm id="CF269064B72D284561085FE3111F4C79">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6084E74C10298E15448204AB0E3268D0">Matteo, Vecchi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="22876363756DB1EDD455D5CA7CB71078">Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, FI- 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland. Invertebrate Zoology Department, Royal BC Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, BC Canada. HChoong @ royalbcmuseum. bc. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6689 - 7533</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C1F32203B35D18F41F9A926DE9AC1E94" type="personal">
<mods:role id="95D439C5A9737F456EEC0877BC2E2278">
<mods:roleTerm id="C6368C45343C17D0B5AA53395F42B243">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E2F8576AC26350A1017DD04D58EEDD71">Sara, Calhim</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2F9518C65C6E40A07700ACCFBD64CD45" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9059-2641</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="FEDA4EE686E99F40A4B23A72D11DD00A">Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, FI- 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland. Invertebrate Zoology Department, Royal BC Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, BC Canada. HChoong @ royalbcmuseum. bc. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6689 - 7533 &amp; s. calhim @ gmail. com, sara. calhim @ jyu. fi; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9059 - 2641</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="17CB85B5CF2009BF378EF1215923E373" type="email">sara.calhim@jyu.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="433BE44402BE64F366F71F330CFD51AD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CFDC238F0AC95DADBFC9CF60D9E91BE3">
<mods:roleTerm id="10BE6F2522F4654350B958FA2B52BC47">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="988E31C0AE360ACA9C72641E38C540E3">Henry, Choong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3A0A392C3A063D001FF6E8DB6DC4DFC2" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6689-7533</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A47BEE1E59DCD403AE41D5855C33EC31" type="email">hoong@royalbcmuseum.bc.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="C91C95C3E4A6BD485C3E95B44E508431">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="14D7B437C66D47743A75A8A07968645A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="EFB3B02F08575706A417D2E006B60FB3">
<mods:title id="E1CFC971E9B1BFFC7D463CB9A426E05C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="33E54CFEE4C79BDD54BCFB8112EAA502">
<mods:date id="DF8EB2FC429F36C9FF3919CA360F266E">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="29D8FBC270EC198EED4B2F56778E4FBF" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="50E7329FA5C3C9D12E63FF04F680BB06">2023-01-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="4B9E762A7CEB14CFCE4F5E34D56F136D" type="volume">
<mods:number id="B8A5475222DC1C48FC7FDE672BF0150F">5227</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C035296151B7E89536B34F019300F225" type="issue">
<mods:number id="DA7ECEB0DCCBF60082F83274FFCD8C4F">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1CA5A43DECBDC6C9EDCC5AE9DDE7F70D">295</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9A5EF9220BEE17B5D4847890BE69D7F5">300</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="BB065B7CA999F2B82E59ED9CB8562BDD">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D57E1ABB90F21437739537C2F3290823" type="CLB-Dataset">222445</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7D26F1DCECB90C6B370B286158EADCA9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5227.2.9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B6850A57DDA13952A4EB04D7128548D4" type="GBIF-Dataset">1b91e60d-db3d-4fbc-9d31-e21579428be3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DFA2157D2CDE6242C0F0F10929197FEB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C5F73B26399AC07F3C183695464114EC" type="Zenodo-Dep">7518712</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E257DDC08873837FDC2F107619783D19" type="ZooBank">8A15E9F9-894D-4C37-A41D-A066AEE3E07C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03E4ED39CB4EFFBBFF4234A7FC1BF873" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7525214" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208788788" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7525214" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E4ED39CB4EFFBBFF4234A7FC1BF873" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4ED39CB4EFFBBFF4234A7FC1BF873" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<subSubSection id="C3570FA4CB4EFFB9FF4234A7FC43FE37" box="[151,960,388,415]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4EFFB9FF4234A7FC43FE37" blockId="1.[151,960,388,486]" box="[151,960,388,415]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<heading id="D0BAEB43CB4EFFB9FF4234A7FC43FE37" bold="true" box="[151,960,388,415]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4EFFB9FF4234A7FC43FE37" ID-CoL="f4640046-8547-4a05-bb92-3765dd1dadb4" authority="(Grigarick, Mihelcic &amp; Schuster, 1964)" baseAuthorityName="Grigarick, Mihelcic &amp; Schuster" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[151,960,388,415]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Acanthechiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="goedeni">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FF4234A7FC43FE37" bold="true" box="[151,960,388,415]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FF4234A7FE56FE36" bold="true" box="[151,469,388,415]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Acanthechiniscus goedeni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4EFFB9FE3634A7FC3BFE37" author="Grigarick, A. A. &amp; Mihelcic, F. &amp; Schuster, R. O." box="[483,952,388,414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" pagination="5 - 8" refId="ref2883" refString="Grigarick, A. A., Mihelcic, F. &amp; Schuster, R. O. (1964) New Tardigrada from western North America: I, Pseudechiniscus. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 77, 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="1964">Grigarick, Mihelčič &amp; Schuster, 1964</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3570FA4CB4EFFB9FF423489FF7FFE6B" box="[151,252,426,450]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4EFFB9FF423489FF7FFE6B" blockId="1.[151,960,388,486]" box="[151,252,426,450]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
(
<figureCitation id="137640AACB4EFFB9FF4A3489FF76FE6B" box="[159,245,426,450]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acanthechiniscus goedeni, habitus and dorsal plates ornamentation under LCM; A. Larva (S198_SL1_A) in ventral view; B. the same larva (S198_SL1_A) in dorsal view; C. Adult (S1913_SL1_A) in dorsal view; D. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the larva (S198_SL1_A). E. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the adult (S1904_SL1_A). Arrowheads indicate the lateral spines and filaments in positions B, C and D, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518714/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Figure1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3570FA4CB4EFFB9FF4234EDFB97FC63" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4EFFB9FF4234EDFD9FFE4F" blockId="1.[151,960,388,486]" box="[151,540,462,486]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FF4234EDFD9FFE4F" bold="true" box="[151,540,462,486]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Material examined and repository</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF320CA7CB4EFFB9FF4D372CFD55FD8E" ID-Table-UUID="DF320CA7CB4EFFB9FF4D372CFD55FD8E" box="[152,726,527,551]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF320CA7CB4EFFB9FF4D372CFD55FD8E" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" startId="1.[152,244,527,551]" targetBox="[166,1418,567,827]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4EFFB9FF4D372CFD55FD8E" blockId="1.[152,726,527,551]" box="[152,726,527,551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FF4D372CFE8CFD8E" bold="true" box="[152,271,527,551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Sampling data and number of individuals.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4EFFB9FF733714FA09FC91" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<table id="F94DAE8FCB4E0047FF733714FA09FC92" box="[166,1418,567,827]" gridcols="5" gridrows="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<tr id="357D5E6DCB4E0047FF733714FA09FDE6" box="[166,1418,567,591]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<th id="76AC3711CB4E0047FF733714FED5FDE6" box="[166,342,567,591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FF733714FEA9FDE6" bold="true" box="[166,298,567,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Coordinates</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76AC3711CB4E0047FEA73714FDBAFDE6" box="[370,569,567,591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FEA73714FE79FDE6" bold="true" box="[370,506,567,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Sample code</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76AC3711CB4E0047FD833714FD5FFDE6" box="[598,732,567,591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FD833714FD52FDE6" bold="true" box="[598,721,567,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Individuals</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76AC3711CB4E0047FCFB3714FC7DFDE6" box="[814,1022,567,591]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FCFB3714FC2AFDE6" bold="true" box="[814,937,567,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Individuals</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76AC3711CB4E0047FBC93714FA09FDE6" box="[1052,1418,567,591]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FBC93714FAB5FDE6" bold="true" box="[1052,1334,567,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Collection data—collector</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357D5E6DCB4E0047FF733778FA09FDDA" box="[166,1418,603,627]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76AC3711CB4E0047FD833778FD5FFDDA" box="[598,732,603,627]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FD833778FD5FFDDA" bold="true" box="[598,732,603,627]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">mounted for</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76AC3711CB4E0047FCFB3778FC7DFDDA" box="[814,1022,603,627]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FCFB3778FC7DFDDA" bold="true" box="[814,1022,603,627]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">for DNA extraction</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D5E6DCB4E0047FF73375CFA09FD3E" box="[166,1418,639,663]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76AC3711CB4E0047FD83375CFD5FFD3E" box="[598,732,639,663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FD83375CFD13FD3E" bold="true" box="[598,656,639,663]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">PCM</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D5E6DCB4E0047FF733784FA09FD6B" box="[166,1418,679,706]" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76AC3711CB4E0047FF733784FED5FD6B" box="[166,342,679,706]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">51° 39′ 4.11′′ N</th>
<td id="76AC3711CB4E0047FEA73784FDBAFD6B" box="[370,569,679,706]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">S198 HC2018-14-1</td>
<td id="76AC3711CB4E0047FD833784FD5FFD6B" box="[598,732,679,706]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">1 larva</td>
<td id="76AC3711CB4E0047FBC93784FA09FD6B" box="[1052,1418,679,706]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">16/06/2018—Henry Choong</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D5E6DCB4E0047FF7337EFFA09FD43" box="[166,1418,716,746]" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76AC3711CB4E0047FF7337EFFED5FD43" box="[166,342,716,746]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">128° 8′ 18.25″ W</th>
<td id="76AC3711CB4E0047FEA737EFFDBAFD43" box="[370,569,716,746]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">S1904 GSB-1c</td>
<td id="76AC3711CB4E0047FD8337EFFD5FFD43" box="[598,732,716,746]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">2 ♀ + 1 ♁</td>
<td id="76AC3711CB4E0047FBC937EFFA09FD43" box="[1052,1418,716,746]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">29/06/2021—Gillian Sadlier-Brown</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D5E6DCB4E0047FF7337DBFA09FCB9" box="[166,1418,760,784]" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
<td id="76AC3711CB4E0047FEA737DBFDBAFCB9" box="[370,569,760,784]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">S1910 GSB-4</td>
<td id="76AC3711CB4E0047FCFB37DBFC7DFCB9" box="[814,1022,760,784]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">1</td>
<td id="76AC3711CB4E0047FBC937DBFA09FCB9" box="[1052,1418,760,784]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">29/06/2021—Gillian Sadlier-Brown</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357D5E6DCB4E0047FF733603FA09FC92" box="[166,1418,800,827]" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="76AC3711CB4E0047FEA73603FDBAFC92" box="[370,569,800,827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">S1913 GSB-7</td>
<td id="76AC3711CB4E0047FD833603FD5FFC92" box="[598,732,800,827]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">1 ♁</td>
<td id="76AC3711CB4E0047FBC93603FA09FC92" box="[1052,1418,800,827]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">29/06/2021—Gillian Sadlier-Brown</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4EFFB9FF123649FB97FC63" blockId="1.[151,1437,873,1438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<materialsCitation id="3B255672CB4EFFB9FF123649FBC7FC0F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4012672302" collectingDate="2018-01-14" collectionCode="RBCM" country="Canada" location="Belleville Street" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" specimenCode="RBCM022-0030" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="26B839F9CB4EFFB9FF123649FE9CFC2B" box="[199,287,874,898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Voucher</collectorName>
specimens are deposited in the
<collectorName id="26B839F9CB4EFFB9FDA93649FC60FC2B" box="[636,995,874,898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Invertebrate Zoology Collections</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26B839F9CB4EFFB9FC3A3649FB43FC28" box="[1007,1216,874,898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Royal BC Museum</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5CC4EACB4EFFB9FB053649FAA3FC2B" box="[1232,1312,874,898]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="Museum">RBCM</collectionCode>
), 675
<location id="8E920AF4CB4EFFB9FABB3649FEA2FC0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E4ED39CB4EFFBBFF4234A7FC1BF873:8E920AF4CB4EFFB9FABB3649FEA2FC0F" country="Canada" name="Belleville Street" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Belleville Street</location>
,
<collectorName id="26B839F9CB4EFFB9FEFF36ADFE33FC0F" box="[298,432,910,934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Victoria, BC</collectorName>
<collectingCountry id="F35A1CBFCB4EFFB9FE6036ADFD86FC0F" box="[437,517,910,934]" name="Canada" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Canada</collectingCountry>
(sample code: S198 HC
<date id="FFF37AEFCB4EFFB9FCDE36ADFCFAFC0F" box="[779,889,910,934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" value="2018-01-14">
<collectingDate id="EFB78307CB4EFFB9FCDE36ADFCFAFC0F" box="[779,889,910,934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" value="2018-01-14">2018-14-1</collectingDate>
</date>
),
<specimenCode id="DBEBF454CB4EFFB9FC5E36ADFBC7FC0F" box="[907,1092,910,934]" collectionCode="RBCM" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="Museum">RBCM022-0030</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
-
<materialsCitation id="3B255672CB4EFFB9FB9E36ADFE26FC63" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4012672306" collectingDate="2018-01-14" collectionCode="RBCM" country="Canada" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Belleville Street" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" specimenCode="001" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBEBF454CB4EFFB9FB9E36ADFBF1FC0F" box="[1099,1138,910,934]" collectionCode="RBCM" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="Museum">001</specimenCode>
; (sample code: S1904 GSB-1c),
<specimenCode id="DBEBF454CB4EFFB9FF123691FE12FC63" box="[199,401,946,970]" collectionCode="RBCM" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="Museum">RBCM022-00031</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode id="DBEBF454CB4EFFB9FE4D3691FE23FC63" box="[408,416,946,970]" collectionCode="RBCM" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="Museum">1</specimenCode>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B255672CB4EFFB9FE7E3691FB8AFC63" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4012672303" box="[427,1033,946,970]" collectingDate="2018-01-14" collectionCode="RBCM" country="Canada" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Belleville Street" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" specimenCode="001" specimenCount="1">
and (sample code: S1913 GSB-7),
<specimenCode id="DBEBF454CB4EFFB9FCCA3691FC59FC63" box="[799,986,946,970]" collectionCode="RBCM" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="Museum">RBCM022-0032</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode id="DBEBF454CB4EFFB9FC343691FB8AFC63" box="[993,1033,946,970]" collectionCode="RBCM" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="Museum">001</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3570FA4CB4EFFBBFF1236F6FC1BF873" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4EFFB9FF1236F6FDF1FA37" blockId="1.[151,1437,873,1438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FF1236F6FE5CFC47" bold="true" box="[199,479,981,1006]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" reason="1">Description of the larva.</emphasis>
Length 230μm, body plump (
<figureCitation id="137640AACB4EFFB9FCF036F5FC18FC47" box="[805,923,982,1006]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acanthechiniscus goedeni, habitus and dorsal plates ornamentation under LCM; A. Larva (S198_SL1_A) in ventral view; B. the same larva (S198_SL1_A) in dorsal view; C. Adult (S1913_SL1_A) in dorsal view; D. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the larva (S198_SL1_A). E. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the adult (S1904_SL1_A). Arrowheads indicate the lateral spines and filaments in positions B, C and D, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518714/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
). Eyes not visible after mounting. On the head, a full set of appendages is present: cirrus internus (8.5 μm), cephalic papilla (7.0 μm), cirrus externus (10.8 μm). Dorsal plates as described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4EFFB9FE5A313DFCB5FB9F" author="Grigarick, A. A. &amp; Mihelcic, F. &amp; Schuster, R. O." box="[399,822,1054,1078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" pagination="5 - 8" refId="ref2883" refString="Grigarick, A. A., Mihelcic, F. &amp; Schuster, R. O. (1964) New Tardigrada from western North America: I, Pseudechiniscus. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 77, 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="1964">Grigarick, Mihelčič &amp; Schuster (1964)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4EFFB9FCB8313DFB1EFB9F" author="Kathman, R. D. &amp; Dastych, H." box="[877,1181,1054,1078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" pagination="699 - 706" refId="ref3058" refString="Kathman, R. D. &amp; Dastych, H. (1990) Some Echiniscidae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68 (4), 699 - 706. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 90 - 102" type="journal article" year="1990">Kathman &amp; Dastych (1990)</bibRefCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="137640AACB4EFFB9FB78313DFAAFFB9F" box="[1197,1324,1054,1078]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acanthechiniscus goedeni, habitus and dorsal plates ornamentation under LCM; A. Larva (S198_SL1_A) in ventral view; B. the same larva (S198_SL1_A) in dorsal view; C. Adult (S1913_SL1_A) in dorsal view; D. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the larva (S198_SL1_A). E. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the adult (S1904_SL1_A). Arrowheads indicate the lateral spines and filaments in positions B, C and D, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518714/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Fig. 1 B, C</figureCitation>
), but with fewer and less dense granules than the adult (
<figureCitation id="137640AACB4EFFB9FD5C3161FC83FBF3" box="[649,768,1090,1114]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acanthechiniscus goedeni, habitus and dorsal plates ornamentation under LCM; A. Larva (S198_SL1_A) in ventral view; B. the same larva (S198_SL1_A) in dorsal view; C. Adult (S1913_SL1_A) in dorsal view; D. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the larva (S198_SL1_A). E. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the adult (S1904_SL1_A). Arrowheads indicate the lateral spines and filaments in positions B, C and D, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518714/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Fig. 1D, E</figureCitation>
). Cirrus A present (64.4 μm) with clava (5.0 μm). Very small and stout lateral spines in B (7.3 μm), C (9.1 μm), and D (6.8 μm) (in the same positions that would be filaments in the adult) (
<figureCitation id="137640AACB4EFFB9FF3131A9FEBAFB0B" box="[228,313,1162,1186]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acanthechiniscus goedeni, habitus and dorsal plates ornamentation under LCM; A. Larva (S198_SL1_A) in ventral view; B. the same larva (S198_SL1_A) in dorsal view; C. Adult (S1913_SL1_A) in dorsal view; D. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the larva (S198_SL1_A). E. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the adult (S1904_SL1_A). Arrowheads indicate the lateral spines and filaments in positions B, C and D, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518714/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Small dorsolateral spinules are present above the spines in B, C, and D. In D, a pair of additional dorsal spinules are present, which are smaller than the ones in dorsolateral position D. On the pseudosegmental plate, two long spines (
<figureCitation id="137640AACB4EFFB9FF3C31F1FEE0FB43" box="[233,355,1234,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acanthechiniscus goedeni, habitus and dorsal plates ornamentation under LCM; A. Larva (S198_SL1_A) in ventral view; B. the same larva (S198_SL1_A) in dorsal view; C. Adult (S1913_SL1_A) in dorsal view; D. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the larva (S198_SL1_A). E. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the adult (S1904_SL1_A). Arrowheads indicate the lateral spines and filaments in positions B, C and D, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518714/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Fig. 1 B, D</figureCitation>
) (29.7 μm) are present in the dorsal position (similarly to the adult,
<figureCitation id="137640AACB4EFFB9FBEA31F1FB3BFB43" box="[1087,1208,1234,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acanthechiniscus goedeni, habitus and dorsal plates ornamentation under LCM; A. Larva (S198_SL1_A) in ventral view; B. the same larva (S198_SL1_A) in dorsal view; C. Adult (S1913_SL1_A) in dorsal view; D. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the larva (S198_SL1_A). E. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the adult (S1904_SL1_A). Arrowheads indicate the lateral spines and filaments in positions B, C and D, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518714/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Fig. 1 C, E</figureCitation>
), in addition to small dorsolateral small spinules and two spines in the lateral position. Two long spines (34.1 μm) on the caudal plate E are present. Leg I with small spine (1.8 μm), leg IV with papilla (5.3 μm) and dentate collar with 6 teeth present. Two claws present, both with spur oriented downward starting at about 30% of the claw length on each leg (
<figureCitation id="137640AACB4EFFB9FB42301DFB64FAFF" box="[1175,1255,1342,1366]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[164,1423,180,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acanthechiniscus goedeni, habitus and dorsal plates ornamentation under LCM; A. Larva (S198_SL1_A) in ventral view; B. the same larva (S198_SL1_A) in dorsal view; C. Adult (S1913_SL1_A) in dorsal view; D. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the larva (S198_SL1_A). E. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the adult (S1904_SL1_A). Arrowheads indicate the lateral spines and filaments in positions B, C and D, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518714/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) (adult with four claws and spur on the two internal claws). Lengths of claws from I to IV are: 11.6 μm, 9.5 μm, 10.2 μm, and 11.3 μm, respectively. No anus or gonopore observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4EFFB9FF4230EAFC80FA4B" blockId="1.[151,771,1481,1650]" box="[151,771,1481,1506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FF4230EAFF5BFA48" bold="true" box="[151,216,1481,1505]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">DNA.</emphasis>
Four sequences were obtained from one individual:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4EFFB9FF4230CDFE60F9AF" blockId="1.[151,771,1481,1650]" box="[151,483,1517,1542]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
•
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FF1230CEFF7BF9AC" bold="true" box="[199,248,1517,1541]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">SSU</emphasis>
: GenBank
<accessionNumber id="941EC1CCCB4EFFB9FEA730CDFE60F9AF" box="[370,483,1518,1542]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OP730698" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">OP730698</accessionNumber>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4EFFB9FF423331FE65F983" blockId="1.[151,771,1481,1650]" box="[151,486,1553,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<materialsCitation id="3B255672CB4EFFB9FF423331FE65F983" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4012672301" accessionNumber="OP730697" box="[151,486,1553,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" specimenCount="1">
•
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FF123332FF78F980" bold="true" box="[199,251,1553,1577]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">LSU</emphasis>
: GenBank
<accessionNumber id="941EC1CCCB4EFFB9FEA03331FE65F983" box="[373,486,1554,1578]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OP730697" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">OP730697</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4EFFB9FF423315FE65F9E7" blockId="1.[151,771,1481,1650]" box="[151,486,1589,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<materialsCitation id="3B255672CB4EFFB9FF423315FE65F9E7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4012672304" accessionNumber="OP729912" box="[151,486,1589,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" specimenCount="1">
•
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FF123316FF7AF9E4" bold="true" box="[199,249,1589,1613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">COI</emphasis>
: GenBank
<accessionNumber id="941EC1CCCB4EFFB9FEA63315FE65F9E7" box="[371,486,1590,1614]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OP729912" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">OP729912</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4EFFB9FF423379FE68F9DB" blockId="1.[151,771,1481,1650]" box="[151,491,1625,1650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<materialsCitation id="3B255672CB4EFFB9FF423379FE68F9DB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4012672305" accessionNumber="OP734819" box="[151,491,1625,1650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" specimenCount="1">
•
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FF12337AFE83F9D8" bold="true" box="[199,256,1625,1649]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">ITS2</emphasis>
: GenBank
<accessionNumber id="941EC1CCCB4EFFB9FEAC3379FE68F9DB" box="[377,491,1626,1650]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/OP734819" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">OP734819</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4EFFB9FF1233BEFB28F88B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1693,2042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FF1233BEFE47F91C" bold="true" box="[199,452,1693,1717]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" reason="1">Phylogenetic position.</emphasis>
The phylogenetic reconstruction (
<figureCitation id="137640AACB4EFFB9FCE833BDFC1FF91F" box="[829,924,1694,1718]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1266,1290]" captionTargetBox="[330,1303,185,1216]" captionTargetId="figure-349@3.[321,1303,185,1224]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic placement of Acanthechiniscus goedeni based on a Maximum Likelihood reconstruction of concatenated SSU and LSU fragments. GenBank accession numbers are indicated as (SSU + LSU). Numbers above branches represent ML bootstrap values. Nodes with bootstrap &lt;70% were collapsed. Scale bar indicates the number of substitutions/sites. In bold: newly sequenced taxa. Shadowed boxes highlight the three genera in the Cornechiniscus clade. The sequences downloaded from GenBank were produced by: Jørgensen &amp; Kristensen (2004), Jørgensen et al. (2011), Gąsiorek &amp; Michalczyk (2020) and Vončina et al. (2020)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518716/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Figure 2</figureCitation>
) recovered
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4EFFB9FBF533BDFB16F91F" baseAuthorityName="Grigarick, Mihelcic &amp; Schuster" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1056,1173,1694,1718]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Acanthechiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="goedeni">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FBF533BDFB16F91F" box="[1056,1173,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">A. goedeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4EFFB9FA5033BDFE80F973" baseAuthorityName="Richters" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Acanthechiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="islandicus">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FA5033BDFE80F973" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">A. islandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The relatedness of
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4EFFB9FE0E33E1FDCEF973" baseAuthorityName="Grigarick, Mihelcic &amp; Schuster" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[475,589,1730,1754]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Acanthechiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="goedeni">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FE0E33E1FDCEF973" box="[475,589,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">A. goedeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4EFFB9FDA533E1FD79F973" baseAuthorityName="Richters" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[624,762,1730,1754]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Acanthechiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="islandicus">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FDA533E1FD79F973" box="[624,762,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">A. islandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had already been indicated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4EFFB9FB9233E1FAB4F973" author="Grigarick, A. A. &amp; Mihelcic, F. &amp; Schuster, R. O." box="[1095,1335,1730,1754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" pagination="5 - 8" refId="ref2883" refString="Grigarick, A. A., Mihelcic, F. &amp; Schuster, R. O. (1964) New Tardigrada from western North America: I, Pseudechiniscus. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 77, 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="1964">
Grigarick
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FB6133E1FB69F973" box="[1204,1258,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">et al.</emphasis>
(1964)
</bibRefCitation>
based on some similarities in the chaetotaxy and in the plate ornamentation. The phylogenetic reconstruction supports the generic attribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4EFFB9FEFF3229FE18F88B" baseAuthorityName="Grigarick, Mihelcic &amp; Schuster" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[298,411,1802,1826]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Acanthechiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="goedeni">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FEFF3229FE18F88B" box="[298,411,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">A. goedeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4EFFB9FD9A3229FCA2F88B" author="Vecchi, M. &amp; Cesari, M. &amp; Bertolani, R. &amp; Jonsson, K. I. &amp; Rebecchi, L. &amp; Guidetti, R." box="[591,801,1802,1826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" pagination="521 - 521" refId="ref3735" refString="Vecchi, M., Cesari, M., Bertolani, R., Jonsson, K. I., Rebecchi, L. &amp; Guidetti, R. (2016) Integrative systematic studies on tardigrades from Antarctica identify new genera and new species within Macrobiotoidea and Echiniscoidea. Invertebrate Systematics, 30 (5), 521 - 521. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 15033 _ CO" type="journal article" year="2016">
Vecchi
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FD4A3229FD4EF88B" box="[671,717,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">et al</emphasis>
. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4EFFB9FC803229FB24F88B" author="Gasiorek, P. &amp; Michalczyk, L." box="[853,1191,1802,1826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" pagination="200581" refId="ref2769" refString="Gasiorek, P. &amp; Michalczyk, L. (2020) Revised Cornechiniscus (Heterotardigrada) and new phylogenetic analyses negate echiniscid subfamilies and tribes. Royal Society Open Science, 7 (6), 200581. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsos. 200581" type="journal article" year="2020">Gąsiorek &amp; Michalczyk (2020)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4EFFB9FF12320DFAE9F853" blockId="1.[151,1437,1693,2042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
The discovery of a new population of
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4EFFB9FDB7320DFD57F8EF" baseAuthorityName="Grigarick, Mihelcic &amp; Schuster" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[610,724,1838,1862]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Acanthechiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="goedeni">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FDB7320DFD57F8EF" box="[610,724,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">A. goedeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
expands the range of this species to the north in
<collectingRegion id="498992CDCB4EFFB9FB36320DFA1FF8EF" box="[1251,1436,1838,1862]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F35A1CBFCB4EFFB9FF4B3271FF72F8C3" box="[158,241,1874,1898]" name="Canada" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Canada</collectingCountry>
) by about
<quantity id="4CB5F1CACB4EFFB9FEB33272FE39F8C3" box="[358,442,1873,1898]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" unit="km" value="250.0">250 km</quantity>
, which is consistent with all the previous records that point to this species as being endemic to the north-west coast of North America. As pointed out by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4EFFB9FCCC3255FB84F827" author="Bertolani, R. &amp; De Zio, S. G. &amp; Gallo, M. D. A. &amp; Morone De Lucia, M. R." box="[793,1031,1910,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" pagination="307 - 320" refId="ref2392" refString="Bertolani, R., De Zio, S. G., Gallo, M. D. A. &amp; Morone De Lucia, M. R. (1984) Postembryonic development in heterotardigrades. Monitore Zoologico Italiano - Italian Journal of Zoology, 18 (4), 307 - 320." type="journal article" year="1984">
Bertolani
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FC563255FC32F827" box="[899,945,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">et al</emphasis>
. (1984)
</bibRefCitation>
, the ontogeny of echiniscid lateral appendages is variable between species and genera. In another
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4EFFB9FCCD32B9FBA6F81B" box="[792,1061,1946,1970]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FCCD32B9FC50F81B" box="[792,979,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Acanthechiniscus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4EFFB9FBE132B9FB0CF818" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[1076,1167,1946,1969]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Acanthechiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="victor">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FBE132B9FB0CF818" box="[1076,1167,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">A. victor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, synonym
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4EFFB9FAD132B9FA0EF81B" box="[1284,1421,1946,1970]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Acanthechiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="tridentifer">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FAD132B9FA0EF81B" box="[1284,1421,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">A. tridentifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4EFFB9FF42329DFE00F87F" author="Bertolani, R. &amp; De Zio, S. G. &amp; Gallo, M. D. A. &amp; Morone De Lucia, M. R." box="[151,387,1982,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" pagination="307 - 320" refId="ref2392" refString="Bertolani, R., De Zio, S. G., Gallo, M. D. A. &amp; Morone De Lucia, M. R. (1984) Postembryonic development in heterotardigrades. Monitore Zoologico Italiano - Italian Journal of Zoology, 18 (4), 307 - 320." type="journal article" year="1984">
Bertolani
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FED4329DFEACF87F" box="[257,303,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">et al</emphasis>
. (1984)
</bibRefCitation>
reported that the number of trunk appendages remained the same, but they increased in length during development. An identical developmental pattern was also found in
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4EFFB9FC4332C1FB9CF853" baseAuthorityName="Richters" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[918,1055,2018,2042]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Acanthechiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="islandicus">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4EFFB9FC4332C1FB9CF853" box="[918,1055,2018,2042]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">A. islandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Piotr Gąsiorek, pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF320CA7CB4DFFBAFF4D327FFBE8F848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518714" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518714/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" startId="2.[152,255,1884,1908]" targetBox="[164,1423,180,1859]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4DFFBAFF4D327FFBE8F848" blockId="2.[151,1437,1884,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4DFFBAFF4D327FFE9AF8DD" bold="true" box="[152,281,1884,1908]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4DFFBAFECA327FFDA4F8DD" baseAuthorityName="Grigarick, Mihelcic &amp; Schuster" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[287,551,1884,1908]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Acanthechiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="goedeni">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4DFFBAFECA327FFDA4F8DD" box="[287,551,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Acanthechiniscus goedeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, habitus and dorsal plates ornamentation under LCM; A. Larva (S198_SL1_A) in ventral view; B. the same larva (S198_SL1_A) in dorsal view; C. Adult (S1913_SL1_A) in dorsal view; D. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the larva (S198_SL1_A). E. Pseudosegmental and caudal plates of the adult (S1904_SL1_A). Arrowheads indicate the lateral spines and filaments in positions B, C and D, respectively. Scale bars: 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF320CA7CB4CFFBBFF4D31D1FEF7FA16" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7518716" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7518716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7518716/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" startId="3.[152,255,1266,1290]" targetBox="[330,1303,185,1216]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4CFFBBFF4D31D1FEF7FA16" blockId="3.[151,1437,1266,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4CFFBBFF4D31D1FE9BFAA3" bold="true" box="[152,280,1266,1290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic placement of
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4CFFBBFDE731D0FCBAFAA2" baseAuthorityName="Grigarick, Mihelcic &amp; Schuster" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[562,825,1267,1291]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Acanthechiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="goedeni">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4CFFBBFDE731D0FCBAFAA2" box="[562,825,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">Acanthechiniscus goedeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a Maximum Likelihood reconstruction of concatenated SSU and LSU fragments. GenBank accession numbers are indicated as (SSU + LSU). Numbers above branches represent ML bootstrap values. Nodes with bootstrap &lt;70% were collapsed. Scale bar indicates the number of substitutions/sites. In bold: newly sequenced taxa. Shadowed boxes highlight the three genera in the
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4CFFBBFC42307CFBB6FADE" authorityName="Maucci &amp; Ramazzotti" authorityYear="1981" box="[919,1077,1375,1399]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Cornechiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4CFFBBFC42307CFBB6FADE" box="[919,1077,1375,1399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">Cornechiniscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade. The sequences downloaded from GenBank were produced by:
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4CFFBBFE2D30A0FCB5FA32" author="Jorgensen, A. &amp; Kristensen, R. M." box="[504,822,1411,1435]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" pagination="666 - 670" refId="ref2929" refString="Jorgensen, A. &amp; Kristensen, R. M. (2004) Molecular phylogeny of Tardigrada - investigation of the monophyly of Heterotardigrada. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 32 (2), 666 - 670. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.04.017" type="journal article" year="2004">Jørgensen &amp; Kristensen (2004)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4CFFBBFC9530A0FBAAFA32" author="Jorgensen, A. &amp; Mobjerg, N. &amp; Kristensen, R. M." box="[832,1065,1411,1435]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" pagination="6 - 16" refId="ref2983" refString="Jorgensen, A., Mobjerg, N. &amp; Kristensen, R. M. (2011) Phylogeny and evolution of the Echiniscidae (Echiniscoidea, Tardigrada) - an investigation of the congruence between molecules and morphology. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 49 (S 1), 6 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.2010.00592. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
Jørgensen
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4CFFBBFC7E30A0FC5BFA32" box="[939,984,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">et al</emphasis>
. (2011)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4CFFBBFBE130A0FAF2FA32" author="Gasiorek, P. &amp; Michalczyk, L." box="[1076,1393,1411,1435]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" pagination="200581" refId="ref2769" refString="Gasiorek, P. &amp; Michalczyk, L. (2020) Revised Cornechiniscus (Heterotardigrada) and new phylogenetic analyses negate echiniscid subfamilies and tribes. Royal Society Open Science, 7 (6), 200581. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsos. 200581" type="journal article" year="2020">Gąsiorek &amp; Michalczyk (2020)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4CFFBBFF423084FEECFA16" author="Voncina, K. &amp; Kristensen, R. M. &amp; Gasiorek, P." box="[151,367,1447,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" pagination="527 - 536" refId="ref3812" refString="Voncina, K., Kristensen, R. M. &amp; Gasiorek, P. (2020) Pseudechiniscus in Japan: re-description of Pseudechiniscus asper Abe et al., 1998 and description of Pseudechiniscus shintai sp. nov. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 96 (2), 527 - 536. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 96.53324" type="journal article" year="2020">
Vončina
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4CFFBBFF253084FEA0FA16" box="[240,291,1447,1471]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4CFFBBFF1230CCFD22F912" blockId="3.[151,1437,1519,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">
A similar general pattern (increase in the number and size of trunk appendages during development) has been reported from different echiniscid taxa (see for example species in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4CFFBBFC1E3330FBBCF982" authorityName="C. A. S. Schultze" authorityYear="1840" box="[971,1087,1555,1579]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Echiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4CFFBBFC1E3330FBBCF982" box="[971,1087,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">Echiniscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4CFFBBFB9B3330FB69F983" author="Claxton, S. K." box="[1102,1258,1554,1579]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" pagination="13 - 33" refId="ref2517" refString="Claxton, S. K. (1996) Sexual dimorphism in Australian Echiniscus (Tardigrada, Echiniscidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 116, 13 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1996. tb 02330. x" type="journal article" year="1996">Claxton, 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4CFFBBFB233330FF52F9E6" author="Gasiorek, P. &amp; Voncina, K. &amp; Bochnak, M. &amp; Surmacz, B. &amp; Morek, W. &amp; Michalczyk, L." pageId="3" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 238" refId="ref2820" refString="Gasiorek, P., Voncina, K., Bochnak, M., Surmacz, B., Morek, W. &amp; Michalczyk, L. (2022) Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) of South Africa. Zootaxa, 5156 (1), 1 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5156.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Gąsiorek
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4CFFBBFA8A3330FA0CF982" box="[1375,1423,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">et al</emphasis>
., 2022
</bibRefCitation>
). Other developmental pathways found in echiniscids, but not observed in this study of
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4CFFBBFB4A3314FA90F9E6" baseAuthorityName="Grigarick, Mihelcic &amp; Schuster" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1183,1299,1591,1615]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Acanthechiniscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="goedeni">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4CFFBBFB4A3314FA90F9E6" box="[1183,1299,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">A. goedeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, include the blurred distinction between dorsal plates (in
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4CFFBBFDA73378FC8BF9DA" authorityName="Kristensen" authorityYear="1987" box="[626,776,1627,1651]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Proechiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4CFFBBFDA73378FC8BF9DA" box="[626,776,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">Proechiniscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4CFFBBFCE93378FC6FF9DA" authorityName="Thulin" authorityYear="1911" box="[828,1004,1627,1651]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Pseudechiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4CFFBBFCE93378FC6FF9DA" box="[828,1004,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">Pseudechiniscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4CFFBBFC2E3378FB31F9DA" author="Kristensen, R. M." box="[1019,1202,1627,1651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" pagination="261 - 335" refId="ref3163" refString="Kristensen, R. M. (1987) Generic revision of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada), with a discussion of the origin of the family. In: Bertolani, R. (Ed.), Biology of Tardigrades. Selected Symposia and Monographs U. Z. I., 1, pp. 261 - 335." type="journal article" year="1987">Kristensen, 1987</bibRefCitation>
; Gąsiorek et a., 2022) and a simultaneous increase in size in lateral trunk appendages with a reduction in both size and number of dorsal trunk appendages (in
<taxonomicName id="4C4D27ACCB4CFFBBFEEA3380FE6AF912" authorityName="Du Bois-Reymond Marcus" authorityYear="1944" box="[319,489,1699,1723]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Echiniscidae" genus="Mopsechiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echiniscoidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939803DCB4CFFBBFEEA3380FE6AF912" box="[319,489,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">Mopsechiniscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC21DECB4CFFBBFE223380FD15F912" author="Dastych, H." box="[503,662,1699,1723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" pagination="299 - 308" refId="ref2575" refString="Dastych, H. (2001) Notes on the revision of the genus Mopsechiniscus (Tardigrada). Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 240, 299 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1078 / 0044 - 5231 - 00037" type="journal article" year="2001">Dastych, 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF25C2FCB4CFFBBFF1233E4FC1BF873" blockId="3.[151,1437,1519,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">
We are grateful to the Hakai Institute, Tula Foundation- Eric Peterson and Christina Munck for making research on Calvert Island possible. We also wish to thank Gustav Paulay (University of Florida), Matt Lemay (Hakai), and Matt Whalen (UBC-Hakai) for facilitating collecting opportunities, Gillian Sadlier-Brown (Hakai) for collecting part of the samples used in this study, and Hugh MacIntosh (Royal BC Museum) for assistance with the processing of field samples. We are grateful to Daniel Stec (Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences) for acquiring microphotographs of the specimens belonging to the population examined in this study. We also wish to thank Piotr Gąsiorek and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments and suggestions. This study was supported by an Academy of
<collectingCountry id="F35A1CBFCB4CFFBBFEB432E0FE31F872" box="[353,434,1987,2011]" name="Finland" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">Finland</collectingCountry>
Fellowships to S.C. (#314219 and #335759).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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