403 lines
45 KiB
XML
403 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="00D35C68CF9FB34020208A7AB8249A99" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3986.5.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c0709d6-a583-4253-b9b6-bcf5e5d3e8f9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="244398" ID-ZooBank="E348A984-7A2C-46D7-A2AD-2B0E89BF95AE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461264957410" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Maldaner, Maria E., Nunes, Rafael V. & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z." docDate="2015" docId="03D987CF547BFFBD7DBBFB93FA85FD6F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03986p560.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3986 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) malyi Maldaner, Nunes & Vaz-De-Mello, 2015, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="559" masterDocId="FFE0FFB7547CFFB77D2CFFACFFDEFFEA" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse, 1891) species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)" masterLastPageNumber="560" masterPageNumber="549" pageNumber="556" updateTime="1698610292206" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="02BE301E275B9541A38C4A99908708B2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A9998D93245E63BEDEB9EB78BF939D8F">
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<mods:title id="BF76470EFB66EC447032DB334C23E392">Taxonomic revision of the Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse, 1891) species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="172775836ED3B2CAE9482BCC9E7FC4BA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C0AF9F7DF42DA019270AD6BFBCEF2CBC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CC502A94E7970449FDC5E59E05ECE8A1">Maldaner, Maria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1F474FF0CF6878689D9D9659BBDA0D10">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F0E88A83C7E9B49DA3E34987BC17C7BF">Nunes, Rafael V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="022E9965614BC383D7B37AECE517CB32" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3199892A57EE478738CADDB32E91DC08">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DC87FFE6DA7389DC555CD53DD9D027A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D173BA92254DE294119CE9A7C6B25843">Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CE563C3D28C5D4234421CDC664213307">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3AA52BB68D4A5A2F3C21A9AD347CDC76">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="201FBF78A63F73B2E4CF524234298AB1">
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<mods:date id="6DFDA5351E391B3E52B33785785C5702">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4637A4E18E1EE09C8452285220FA9FDC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D69BAFC5E9F7DF94385509FE687C7823">3986</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AB2A7554E39D2465DD8870478C54B0AC">5</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A7C5BDF899A5DAAD5F23C41C0F8708CB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A3C0B2F59DE3FC1A77533232BEFF7DEB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3986.5.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D987CF547BFFBD7DBBFB93FA85FD6F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6109952" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119637726" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6109952" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D987CF547BFFBD7DBBFB93FA85FD6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D987CF547BFFBD7DBBFB93FA85FD6F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="559" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
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<subSubSection id="C36A6552547BFFB07DBBFB93FE63FB0D" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547BFFB07DBBFB93FD25FBB0" blockId="7.[151,763,1087,1147]" box="[151,763,1087,1114]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
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<heading id="D08781B5547BFFB07DBBFB93FD25FBB0" bold="true" box="[151,763,1087,1114]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07DBBFB93FD25FBB0" bold="true" box="[151,763,1087,1114]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547BFFB07DBBFB93FD82FBB3" ID-CoL="6CS37" box="[151,604,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malyi" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Luederwaldtinia">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07DBBFB93FD82FBB3" bold="true" box="[151,604,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) malyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23757B0547BFFB07F47FBECFD25FBB0" box="[619,763,1088,1114]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547BFFB07DBBFBCEFF35FB91" blockId="7.[151,763,1087,1147]" box="[151,235,1122,1147]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134B2A5C547BFFB07DB3FBCEFF3CFB91" box="[159,226,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1174,1196]" captionTargetBox="[226,1363,211,1142]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[216,1371,193,1152]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. (A) dorsal habitus of a male Dichotomius malyi n. sp. (B) Dorsal habitus of a female D. malyi n. sp. (C) Ventral view of a male paramera. (D) Lateral view of a male paramera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547BFFB07DBBFB06FE63FB0D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1194,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07DBBFB06FE24FB29" bold="true" box="[151,506,1194,1219]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
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Specimens studied.
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<typeStatus id="54CB887B547BFFB07CA8FB06FE2BFB29" box="[388,501,1194,1219]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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♂.
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<collectingCountry id="F3677649547BFFB07F0BFB07FD4FFB29" box="[551,657,1195,1219]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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: São Paulo, no additional locality data [CEMT].
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07993FB06FAEBFB29" bold="true" box="[1215,1333,1194,1219]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
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<typeStatus id="54CB887B547BFFB07993FB06FAEEFB29" box="[1215,1328,1194,1219]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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♀, same data as
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<typeStatus id="54CB887B547BFFB07DC7FB62FE93FB0D" box="[235,333,1230,1255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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[VMCP].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A6552547BFFB07DEBFB5EFD3DFA55" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547BFFB07DEBFB5EFD3DFA55" blockId="7.[151,1437,1194,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07DEBFB5EFE9FFAE1" bold="true" box="[199,321,1266,1291]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Within the group,
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547BFFB07F37FB5FFDA3FAE1" box="[539,637,1267,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malyi">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07F37FB5FFDA3FAE1" box="[539,637,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">D. malyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the only species that bears a single cephalic tubercle in both sexes, lacking carinae, horns, depressions, projections or other ornaments both on head and pronotum (
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<figureCitation id="134B2A5C547BFFB079F2FABAFAFFFAC5" box="[1246,1313,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1174,1196]" captionTargetBox="[226,1363,211,1142]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[216,1371,193,1152]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. (A) dorsal habitus of a male Dichotomius malyi n. sp. (B) Dorsal habitus of a female D. malyi n. sp. (C) Ventral view of a male paramera. (D) Lateral view of a male paramera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A, B). It is also the only species within the group bearing ocellate punctures on the pronotal disc, in a manner similar to that of the species assigned to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547BFFB07CFFFAF2FDC8FA9C" box="[467,534,1374,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesi">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07CFFFAF2FDC8FA9C" box="[467,534,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">batesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B28547BFFB07FE0FAF3FBC8FA9D" author="Nunes" box="[716,1046,1374,1399]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" refString="Nunes, R. V. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. (2013) New brachypterous species of Dichotomius Hope, with taxonomic notes in the subgenus Luederwaldtinia Martinez (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa, 3609 (4), 411 - 420. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3609.4.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Nunes &Vaz-de-Mello 2013</bibRefCitation>
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). To avoid misidentifications, one should consider the males fore calcar (
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<figureCitation id="134B2A5C547BFFB07F62FA2EFD44FA71" box="[590,666,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1624,1646]" captionTargetBox="[159,1424,436,1567]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[150,1436,425,1599]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagnostic characters of the Dichotomius speciosus species group. (A) Ventral view of a male Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse) from Campos do Jordão—SP. (B) Anterior falciform calcar of a male Dichotomius speciosus. (C) Anterior falciform calcar of a male Dichotomius malyi n. sp. (D) Curved cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus. (E) Straight cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus. (F) Curved cephalic carina of a female D. speciosus. (G) Straight cephalic carina of a female D. speciosus. (H) Frontal view of the cephalic carina of a male D. speciosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244399/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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B, 1C), which is falciform (simple in
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547BFFB07967FA2FFB50FA71" box="[1099,1166,1411,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesi">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07967FA2FFB50FA71" box="[1099,1166,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">batesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and its Atlantic Forest distribution (
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A547BFFB07C04FA0AFEB5FA54" box="[296,363,1446,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesi">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07C04FA0AFEB5FA54" box="[296,363,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">batesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group are all Amazonic).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A6552547BFFB07DEBFA66FAB7F831" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCF36D9547BFFB07DEBFA66FAB7F831" blockId="7.[151,1437,1194,2011]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07DEBFA66FEE5FA09" bold="true" box="[199,315,1482,1507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">
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<typeStatus id="54CB887B547BFFB07DEBFA66FEE8FA09" box="[199,310,1482,1507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Male: Length:
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<quantity id="4C889B3C547BFFB07CCBFA67FDECFA09" box="[487,562,1483,1507]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="12.0">12mm</quantity>
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. Width (pronotum):
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<quantity id="4C889B3C547BFFB07E3AFA66FC8DFA09" box="[790,851,1482,1507]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="6.0">6mm</quantity>
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. Dorsal and ventral surface barely shinny, dark blue.
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07DBBFA42FF3EF9ED" bold="true" box="[151,224,1518,1543]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Head:</emphasis>
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Clypeal surface almost entirely smooth, bearing punctures only on gena and near eyes. Cephalic process almost absent, consisting of single tubercle. Clypeo-genal junction rounded.
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07928F9BEFB58F9C1" bold="true" box="[1028,1158,1554,1579]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Pronotum:</emphasis>
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Simply convex, lacking knobs, anterior declivity or excavations. Pronotal disc with ocellate punctures evenly spaced, mainly concentrated at the center of it, anterior angles and along posterior pronotal border. Anterior angles rounded.
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB079EAF9F6FA80F999" bold="true" box="[1222,1374,1626,1651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Hypomeron:</emphasis>
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With dense lateral setae, similar to that found on metasternum and femora.
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07EB1F9D2FB97F97D" bold="true" box="[925,1097,1662,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Mesosternum:</emphasis>
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Smooth, shinny, lacking setae or punctures, expanded medially.
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07F23F90EFD64F951" bold="true" box="[527,698,1698,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Metasternum:</emphasis>
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Bearing dense setae at sides and near borders of the anterior lobe. Setae similar to those on hypomeron, femora and mesepisternum.
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07EF8F96AFBF4F935" bold="true" box="[980,1066,1734,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Elytra:</emphasis>
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Striae deeply impressed with conspicuous points. Punctures separated by their diameter. Interstriae smooth and lacking strong reflections, with very fine punctures (
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<date id="FFCE1019547BFFB07CA1F8A3FE62F8CD" box="[397,444,1807,1831]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556" value="1930-10">30x</date>
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).
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07CF8F8A2FDCBF8CD" bold="true" box="[468,533,1806,1831]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Legs:</emphasis>
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Ventral surface of anterior femur with strong ocellate punctures all over its extension. Middle and hind femora with few setigerous points. Anterior and posterior borders of all femora bearing dense setae, as those on the hypomeron, metasternum and mesepisternum. Middle tibiae with green sheen.
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07DBBF8D6FECBF879" bold="true" box="[151,277,1914,1939]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Abdomen:</emphasis>
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setae restricted to the sides of the abdominal ventrites, these with ocellate punctures following the anterior margin.
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07C78F832FE0EF85D" bold="true" box="[340,464,1950,1975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Pygidium:</emphasis>
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As long as wide and lacking punctures or reflections.
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<emphasis id="B904EACB547BFFB07917F832FB6DF85D" bold="true" box="[1083,1203,1950,1975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Paramera</emphasis>
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: dorsal view: with a rounded and divergent apexes. one lateral view, gradually tapering to apex, having an acute angle (
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<figureCitation id="134B2A5C547BFFB079C4F86EFAFAF831" box="[1256,1316,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1174,1196]" captionTargetBox="[226,1363,211,1142]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[216,1371,193,1152]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. (A) dorsal habitus of a male Dichotomius malyi n. sp. (B) Dorsal habitus of a female D. malyi n. sp. (C) Ventral view of a male paramera. (D) Lateral view of a male paramera." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244403/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="556">Fig 5</figureCitation>
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C, D).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF0F66515474FFBF7DBBFB3AFCC9FB20" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244403/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" targetBox="[226,1363,211,1142]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="8BCF36D95474FFBF7DBBFB3AFCC9FB20" blockId="8.[151,1436,1173,1227]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7DBBFB3AFEE0FB46" bold="true" box="[151,318,1173,1196]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">FIGURE 5. (A)</emphasis>
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dorsal habitus of a male
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<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5474FFBF7F6DFB3AFCDCFB46" box="[577,770,1174,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malyi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7F6DFB3AFCDCFB46" box="[577,770,1174,1196]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">Dichotomius malyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7E25FB3AFCB2FB46" bold="true" box="[777,876,1173,1196]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23757B05474FFBF7E25FB3AFC9DFB41" box="[777,835,1174,1195]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(B)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal habitus of a female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5474FFBF79A4FB3BFB3EFB46" box="[1160,1248,1174,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF79A4FB3BFB3EFB46" box="[1160,1248,1174,1196]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">D. malyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23757B05474FFBF79CBFB3AFAFFFB46" box="[1255,1313,1174,1196]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF79CBFB3AFAC5FB41" bold="true" box="[1255,1307,1174,1195]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">n. sp</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7804FB39FA95FB46" bold="true" box="[1320,1355,1173,1196]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">(C)</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of a male paramera.
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7CB1FB18FE1FFB21" bold="true" box="[413,449,1204,1227]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">(D)</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of a male paramera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A65525474FFBF7DEBFB5EFB7CFAC4" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95474FFBF7DEBFB5EFB7CFAC4" blockId="8.[151,1436,1266,1687]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7DEBFB5EFE76FAE1" bold="true" box="[199,424,1266,1291]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">Variation. Female:</emphasis>
|
||
Very similar to male. As in other species of the group, females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5474FFBF7986FB5FFAD2FAE0" box="[1194,1292,1266,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7986FB5FFAD2FAE0" box="[1194,1292,1266,1290]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">D. malyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear a plain straight fore calcar and their 6th abdominal ventrite has the same medial width as the others.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A65525474FFBF7DEBFA96FC8DFAB9" box="[199,851,1338,1363]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95474FFBF7DEBFA96FC8DFAB9" blockId="8.[151,1436,1266,1687]" box="[199,851,1338,1363]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7DEBFA96FEBEFAB9" bold="true" box="[199,352,1338,1363]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown, probably São Paulo state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36776495474FFBF7E2BFA96FC91FAB9" box="[775,847,1338,1363]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A65525474FFBF7DEBFAF1FEF4FA54" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95474FFBF7DEBFAF1FEF4FA54" blockId="8.[151,1436,1266,1687]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7DEBFAF1FE90FA9C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1373,1398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named after Vladislav
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36776495474FFBF7F42FAF1FD72FA9C" box="[622,684,1373,1398]" name="Serbia" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">Malý</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Czech scarabaeoidologist, in whose collection the only known specimens have been found, and who has been so kind to donate the only known male to CEMT to be designated as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB887B5474FFBF7DECFA09FEF8FA54" box="[192,294,1445,1470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A65525474FFBF7DEBFA66FEAAF97C" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95474FFBF7DEBFA66FEAAF97C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1266,1687]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7DEBFA66FEE5FA09" bold="true" box="[199,315,1482,1507]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
According to the key by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285474FFBF7F52FA67FC35FA08" author="Nunes" box="[638,1003,1482,1507]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" refString="Nunes, R. V. & Vaz-de-Mello, F. Z. (2013) New brachypterous species of Dichotomius Hope, with taxonomic notes in the subgenus Luederwaldtinia Martinez (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa, 3609 (4), 411 - 420. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3609.4.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this species could be diagnosed as belonging to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5474FFBF7C75FA42FDEAF9EC" box="[345,564,1518,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7C75FA42FDEAF9EC" box="[345,564,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">Dichotomius batesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, because it bears a knob/tubercle on the head and its pronotal disc bears ocellate setose punctures. However, unlike the species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5474FFBF7EFFF9BEFBC8F9C0" box="[979,1046,1554,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7EFFF9BEFBC8F9C0" box="[979,1046,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">batesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5474FFBF79F0F9BFFAE0F9C0" box="[1244,1342,1554,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF79F0F9BFFAE0F9C0" box="[1244,1342,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">D. malyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear an apically curved and falciform fore calcar, setae restricted to the sides of the abdominal ventrites and are blue on the ventral surface (some species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5474FFBF7F05F9F7FD50F998" box="[553,654,1626,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7F05F9F7FD50F998" box="[553,654,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">D. batesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex do have bluish reflections, but in that case, the integument is dark grey or black).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A65525474FFBE7DBBF946FABFFD6E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="558" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95474FFBF7DBBF946FDDDF8E8" blockId="8.[151,515,1770,1795]" box="[151,515,1770,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7DBBF946FE22F8E9" bold="true" box="[151,508,1770,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">Distribution and conservation</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95474FFBE7DBBF89EFA81FE8F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1842,2011]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,645]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="558" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">
|
||
Species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5474FFBF7C6EF89EFD9BF8A0" box="[322,581,1842,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7C6EF89EFD9BF8A0" box="[322,581,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">Dichotomius speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (locality data unknown for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5474FFBF7EFFF89FFBEBF8A0" box="[979,1077,1842,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7EFFF89FFBEBF8A0" box="[979,1077,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">D. malyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are restricted to the highlands (above
|
||
<quantity id="4C889B3C5474FFBF7DC1F8FAFE98F884" box="[237,326,1878,1902]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
) of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest domain. The group’s geographical distribution comprises three mountain ranges: Serra da Bocaina in São Paulo state (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5474FFBF7FD5F8D6FBD9F878" box="[761,1031,1914,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alvarengai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7FD5F8D6FBD9F878" box="[761,1031,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">Dichotomius alvarengai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Serra da Mantiqueira on the limits of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo states (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5474FFBF7E2FF832FBDAF85C" box="[771,1028,1950,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7E2FF832FBDAF85C" box="[771,1028,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">Dichotomius speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and Serra Geral including parts of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná states (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5474FFBF7FD5F86EFBD4F830" box="[761,1034,1986,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5474FFBF7FD5F86EFBD4F830" box="[761,1034,1986,2010]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">Dichotomius opalescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B2A5C5474FFBF790FF86EFBB9F830" box="[1059,1127,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1679,1701]" captionTargetBox="[155,1420,691,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,685,1667]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. distribution map of the Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse) species group, except for D. malyi, with uncertain locality. (A) Distribution of D. speciosus, D. opalescens (Felsche) and D. alvarengai n. sp. (B) detailed map of the distribution of D. speciosus and D. alvarengai n. sp. showing Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra da Boqueira Ranges. (C) Detailed distribution of D. opalescens showing the Serra Geral range." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244405/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="557">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Species with known localities are all allopatric, and their occurrence is limited by lower areas. Other Atlantic forest mountain ranges that reach similar altitudes are: the Caparaó range, on the border between Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo states; and the Serra dos Órgãos range, in Rio de Janeiro state. Both ranges (mainly Serra dos Órgãos) have been collected extensively and no specimens of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5475FFBE7F19FEA9FD7EFEF6" box="[565,672,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7F19FEA9FD7EFEF6" box="[565,672,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group have been found in either one so far. For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5475FFBE79ECFEA8FA4AFEF6" box="[1216,1428,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE79ECFEA8FA4AFEF6" box="[1216,1428,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">Dichotomius malyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, São Paulo is given as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB887B5475FFBE7C93FE84FE31FEAA" box="[447,495,296,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, which may refer to the state or not, unfortunately no more information is available; and no localities named São Paulo are known in the other two mountain ranges cited for the group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95475FFBE7DEBFEC3FABFFD6E" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">
|
||
The southeastern and southern regions of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36776495475FFBE7FB1FEC3FD3FFE62" box="[669,737,367,392]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
have the best known dung beetle faunas in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36776495475FFBE79E2FEC3FACCFE62" box="[1230,1298,367,392]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
because the earliest entomological collections were done in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states (Vaz-de-Mello 2000) and those areas thus have a long and extensive collection history. Therefore, we have long term records available for some species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5475FFBE7C15FE71FE7AFE1E" box="[313,420,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7C15FE71FE7AFE1E" box="[313,420,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, which allows us to draw some conclusions on their conservation. The conclusions are based mainly on distributional records, because natural history data are almost nonexistent. We base our conservation
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7C01FD89FEB0FDD6" box="[301,366,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">status</emphasis>
|
||
assessments on the extent of occurrence (B1 criteria), which is predicted by drawing a polygon using the points where the species were recorded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285475FFBE7FF0FDE4FCB6FD8A" author="IUCN" box="[732,872,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" refString="IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature (2015) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3. 1. 2 nd Edition. Available from: http: // jr. iucnredlist. org / documents / redlist _ cats _ crit _ en. pdf (accessed 30 March 2015)" type="journal article" year="2015">IUCN 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5475FFBE7E51FDE5FC01FD8A" box="[893,991,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7E51FDE5FC01FD8A" box="[893,991,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">D. malyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23757B05475FFBE7EC5FDEBFBF4FD8A" box="[1001,1066,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7EC5FDEBFBF4FD8A" bold="true" box="[1001,1066,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is promptly discarded from this analysis due to the lack of distributional information, thus we considered this species as Data Deficient (DD).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0F66515475FFBE7DBBF8E2FE83F82A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/244404/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" targetBox="[155,1425,709,1841]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95475FFBE7DBBF8E2FE83F82A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1869,1984]" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7DBBF8E2FECEF889" bold="true" box="[151,272,1870,1892]" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
. color variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5475FFBE7CF3F8E2FD15F88E" box="[479,715,1870,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7CF3F8E2FD15F88E" box="[479,715,1870,1892]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">Dichotomius speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7E2FF8E3FC45F88E" box="[771,923,1870,1892]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5475FFBE7E2FF8E3FC49F88E" box="[771,919,1870,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">D. opalescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7E88F8E1FC19F88E" bold="true" box="[932,967,1869,1892]" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">(A)</emphasis>
|
||
green-to-red female
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7989F8E3FAEEF88E" box="[1189,1328,1871,1892]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5475FFBE7989F8E3FAF5F88E" box="[1189,1323,1871,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">D. speciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7814F8E1FA84F88E" bold="true" box="[1336,1370,1869,1892]" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">(B)</emphasis>
|
||
green female
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7DC8F8C2FEB3F869" box="[228,365,1902,1923]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5475FFBE7DC8F8C2FEB7F869" box="[228,361,1902,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">D. speciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7C59F8C0FE46F869" bold="true" box="[373,408,1900,1923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">(C)</emphasis>
|
||
red female
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7F3AF8C2FD7EF869" box="[534,672,1902,1923]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5475FFBE7F3AF8C2FD45F869" box="[534,667,1902,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">D. speciosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7F8BF8C0FD15F869" bold="true" box="[679,715,1900,1923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">(D)</emphasis>
|
||
dark blue female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5475FFBE7EA5F8C2FBC7F868" box="[905,1049,1900,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7EA5F8C2FBC7F868" box="[905,1049,1900,1923]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">D. opalescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7904F8C0FB94F869" bold="true" box="[1064,1098,1900,1923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">(E)</emphasis>
|
||
female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5475FFBE79B3F8C2FAF1F868" box="[1183,1327,1900,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE79B3F8C2FAF1F868" box="[1183,1327,1900,1923]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">D. opalescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with light brown elytra. All specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5475FFBE7CCFF820FDBBF84B" box="[483,613,1932,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE7CCFF820FDBBF84B" box="[483,613,1932,1953]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">D. speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are from Campos do Jordão and all specimens of D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5475FFBE79B0F827FAD5F84B" box="[1180,1291,1931,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5475FFBE79B0F827FAD5F84B" box="[1180,1291,1931,1953]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="558">opalescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are from São Francisco de Paula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A65525476FFBD7DEBFF34FA85FD6F" pageId="10" pageNumber="559" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95476FFBD7DEBFF34FD32FE8F" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5476FFBD7DEBFF34FE0BFF5A" ID-CoL="6D3R6" box="[199,469,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alvarengai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5476FFBD7DEBFF34FE0BFF5A" box="[199,469,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="559">Dichotomius alvarengai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23757B05476FFBD7CF0FF3BFDC5FF45" box="[476,539,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="559" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5476FFBD7CF0FF3BFDCDFF5A" bold="true" box="[476,531,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="559">n. sp</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be classified as Critically Endangered (CR), criteria B1(a,b)—which means an occurrence extent (OE) of less than
|
||
<quantity id="4C889B3C5476FFBD7F64FF10FD41FF3F" box="[584,671,188,213]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="559" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
|
||
², its habitat is severely fragmented (Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5476FFBD79A2FF11FB60FF3E" box="[1166,1214,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="559">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000), and there is only one locality (nl) attributed to the species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285476FFBD7F9CFF4CFCE2FF12" author="IUCN" box="[688,828,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="559" refString="IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature (2015) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3. 1. 2 nd Edition. Available from: http: // jr. iucnredlist. org / documents / redlist _ cats _ crit _ en. pdf (accessed 30 March 2015)" type="journal article" year="2015">IUCN 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Following the same criteria,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5476FFBD79B5FF4CFA42FF1D" ID-CoL="35ND3" box="[1177,1436,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5476FFBD79B5FF4CFA42FF1D" box="[1177,1436,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="559">Dichotomius speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OE=
|
||
<quantity id="4C889B3C5476FFBD7DF1FEA8FE97FEF7" box="[221,329,260,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.398" pageId="10" pageNumber="559" unit="km" value="2.398">2,398 km</quantity>
|
||
², nl=
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5476FFBD7CA8FEA8FE4CFEF6" box="[388,402,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="559">4</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5476FFBD7CFEFEA9FDAEFEF6" ID-CoL="35NCN" box="[466,624,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5476FFBD7CFEFEA9FDAEFEF6" box="[466,624,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="559">D. opalescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OE=
|
||
<quantity id="4C889B3C5476FFBD7F9AFEA8FCFCFEF7" box="[694,802,260,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.965" pageId="10" pageNumber="559" unit="km" value="1.965">1,965 km</quantity>
|
||
², nl=5) shall be considered as Endangered (EN), as they have more recorded localities and consequently a wider OE. These three species join a vast list of Atlantic Forest species that are in danger of extinction (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285476FFBD7F7AFEE0FD3EFE8F" author="IUCN" box="[598,736,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="559" refString="IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature (2015) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3. 1. 2 nd Edition. Available from: http: // jr. iucnredlist. org / documents / redlist _ cats _ crit _ en. pdf (accessed 30 March 2015)" type="journal article" year="2015">IUCN 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF36D95476FFBD7DEBFEC3FA85FD6F" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="559">
|
||
Conservation of populations of the species treated here will require the conservation of their habitats. Because there is almost no recorded natural history data for these species, alternative conservation measures such as reintroduction or
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5476FFBD7C72FE14FE76FE25" box="[350,424,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="559">ex-situ</emphasis>
|
||
raising are not currently possible. Some of the higher altitude remnants of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest are protected by conservation units including Itatiaia National Park, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5476FFBD79B7FE70FA42FE1E" ID-CoL="35ND3" box="[1179,1436,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5476FFBD79B7FE70FA42FE1E" box="[1179,1436,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="559">Dichotomius speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs, São Joaquim National Park, Aparados da Serra National Park, and São Francisco de Paula National Forest, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5476FFBD7DCDFD89FEA2FDD6" ID-CoL="35NCN" box="[225,380,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5476FFBD7DCDFD89FEA2FDD6" box="[225,380,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="559">D. opalescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs. Outside of these reserves, despite protection measures, the higher areas of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest have been severely fragmented, which may have caused local extinctions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE14B285476FFBD79A7FDEBFABAFD8A" author="Ribeiro" box="[1163,1380,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="559" refString="Ribeiro, M. C., Metzger, J. P., Martensen, A. C., Ponzoni, F. J. & Hirota, M. M. (2009) The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation. Biological Conservation, 141 (6), 1141 - 1156. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocon. 2009.02.021" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5476FFBD79CBFDE5FAC7FD8A" box="[1255,1305,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="559">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We strongly hope an extant population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C704D5A5476FFBD7F10FDC1FD44FD6E" ID-CoL="6CS37" box="[572,666,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904EACB5476FFBD7F10FDC1FD44FD6E" box="[572,666,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="559">D. malyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be found somewhere, perhaps in some unexpected region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |