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<document id="32E689E46AA1C4B9366F9DA1704E8350" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3852.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2fb83006-f93c-4492-aed0-f5f0707f553e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286956" ID-ZooBank="7DE3BCBA-E5F0-4F0D-B2FD-B5B59E4DAE51" checkinTime="1460883007773" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R., Schories, Dirk, Försterra, Günter &amp; Häussermann, Verena" docDate="2014" docId="03D92A2C477BFFCDFF51801E5A96A498" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03852p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3852 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@4b05a9b1" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.journal_article" docTitle="Halecium maximum Galea &amp; Schories, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFE052544768FFD8FFC68437590FA657" masterDocTitle="New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698345302202" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="197C3107C40A4BBF74EF88E8002071D7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="150FC128621E3BB3A36E5E1E18AEE06A">
<mods:title id="BD73AE007F4645A436CCFEA10440711D">New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3CEE5444D4E768D42F9207D105518AAD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F839A65875D4061AF1B8F1F98CB80E06">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="29DF3C1DBD9B3655C62066D37EDC5D9B">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8CE5FDE2C54AFDB11229DF565C37C8E3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9ADE1E7949589776DEEEB2BB146F96AC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D254E173A8ABB27F45F2E471D1F51694">Schories, Dirk</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9910FD4B434448DBDCB7A6A146885EED" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5D03D1F3CB8F1E850273840A79F342AF">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="51CF96C91BA52DB755ACC7BE676A87FA">Försterra, Günter</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4A74C0645D74444784DDFAAA8BB21D17" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D3BEE9E55AB833399183BB0EFDED01FA">
<mods:roleTerm id="868389E90AC2E19E7620186808553C19">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CDE5A9AF54E93C2A95E94AD384025ADB">Häussermann, Verena</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="CDEB1074F14DDDB78011E6234153968B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5BA1894FD770C8C540EB198F95722BAA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FA47E73C8FBC0F163159B5AA10861DCD">
<mods:date id="9ED20F4FF117E83FC0975D4660D9FE7E">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="293224EFB7EBE95395E6394D6935F77B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D95D643F4935044F881ABA8E4D6A097F">3852</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A994C3A9D11E322E1208B629132C49F5">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="264A623678A6FE1D5CECDB181C268892">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4A216F0CD56161A1B7F90DDB83D80761" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3852.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5ADDED7E62ED52821829700008CC605E" type="GBIF-Dataset">2fb83006-f93c-4492-aed0-f5f0707f553e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7A3602DBC5FA68CE5FACDBA9F1BDA88F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CA7A51235D90F2C8D94BE02CDE04A6D8" type="Zenodo-Dep">286956</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="15B242B17C845D385733AE08DB37AD83" type="ZooBank">7DE3BCBA-E5F0-4F0D-B2FD-B5B59E4DAE51</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D92A2C477BFFCDFF51801E5A96A498" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6143175" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127669471" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6143175" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D92A2C477BFFCDFF51801E5A96A498" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D92A2C477BFFCDFF51801E5A96A498" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1477BFFCBFF51801E5B61A232" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477BFFCBFF51801E5BD2A213" blockId="19.[151,733,1065,1125]" box="[151,733,1065,1092]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0872C56477BFFCBFF51801E5BD2A213" bold="true" box="[151,733,1065,1092]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9044728477BFFCBFF51801E5BD2A213" bold="true" box="[151,733,1065,1092]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477BFFCBFF51801E5B7DA213" ID-CoL="3JB5H" authority="Galea &amp; Schories" authorityName="Galea &amp; Schories" box="[151,626,1065,1092]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9044728477BFFCBFF51801E5880A214" bold="true" box="[151,399,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Halecium maximum</emphasis>
Galea &amp; Schories
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA53477BFFCBFDB9801D5BD2A213" box="[639,733,1066,1092]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477BFFCBFF51807B5B61A232" blockId="19.[151,733,1065,1125]" box="[151,622,1100,1125]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
(Plate
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFF19807A59E0A232" box="[223,239,1101,1125]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2.0">2</number>
B;
<figureCitation id="134B87BF477BFFCBFEC8807B585CA232" box="[270,339,1100,1125]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Figs
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFE80807A585CA232" box="[326,339,1101,1125]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2.0">2</number>
</figureCitation>
G, H;
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFE50807A58ACA232" box="[406,419,1101,1125]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="3.0">3</number>
E, F;
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFE27807A58FFA232" box="[481,496,1101,1125]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="4.0">4</number>
D;
<tableCitation id="C6F2AE81477BFFCBFDD4807B5B69A232" box="[530,614,1100,1125]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[119,198,625,645]" captionTargetBox="[123,1651,795,1735]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphometrics of Halecium species discussed in the present study; dimensions in µm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0FCBB24778FFC8FFB186465D02A4D2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" tableUuid="DF0FCBB24778FFC8FFB186465D02A4D2">
Table
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFD91807A5B69A232" box="[599,614,1101,1125]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="4.0">4</number>
</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1477BFFCBFF5180A35896A36A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477BFFCBFF5180A35896A36A" blockId="19.[151,1437,1172,1848]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B9044728477BFFCBFF5180A35876A2FA" bold="true" box="[151,377,1172,1197]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material examined</emphasis>
. Corral, Chaihuin/Huiro, lat. -39.95000, long. -
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFC4A80A35AF5A2FA" box="[908,1018,1172,1197]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="73.61667">73.61667</number>
,
<date id="FFCEBDFA477BFFCBFBC380A35D71A2FA" box="[1029,1150,1172,1197]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2011-11-09">09.xi.2011</date>
, 10 m, sample 05: a
<quantity id="4C8836DF477BFFCBFAA380A25C93A2FB" box="[1381,1436,1173,1197]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
high, female colony (
<typeStatus id="54CB2598477BFFCBFE55808F58F4A286" box="[403,507,1208,1233]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">holotype</typeStatus>
: MHNG-INVE-
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFD7C808F5A0FA286" box="[698,768,1208,1233]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="86218.0">86218</number>
);
<date id="FFCEBDFA477BFFCBFCDE808F5A9FA286" box="[792,912,1208,1233]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2011-11-16">
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFCDE808F5A3BA286" box="[792,820,1208,1233]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="16.0">16</number>
.xi.2011
</date>
, 8‒
<quantity id="4C8836DF477BFFCBFC7B808E5AF3A287" box="[957,1020,1209,1233]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
, sample
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFBAE808E5D87A286" box="[1128,1160,1209,1233]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="18.0">18</number>
: a
<quantity id="4C8836DF477BFFCBFB69808F5C0FA287" box="[1199,1280,1208,1233]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="5.7">5.7 cm</quantity>
high, female colony (
<typeStatus id="54CB2598477BFFCBFF3380EA5854A2A2" box="[245,347,1245,1269]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">paratype</typeStatus>
: MHNG-INVE-
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFDDF80EB5B6FA2A2" box="[537,608,1244,1269]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="86220.0">86220</number>
);
<date id="FFCEBDFA477BFFCBFDB380EB5BE1A2A2" box="[629,750,1244,1269]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2011-11-30">
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFDB380EB5B9CA2A2" box="[629,659,1244,1269]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="30.0">30</number>
.xi.2011
</date>
, 8‒
<quantity id="4C8836DF477BFFCBFCDF80EA5A58A2A3" box="[793,855,1245,1269]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
, sample
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFC7980EA5AD0A2A2" box="[959,991,1245,1269]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="20.0">20</number>
: a
<quantity id="4C8836DF477BFFCBFBC580EA5D32A2A3" box="[1027,1085,1245,1269]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
high male colony and several fragments (
<typeStatus id="54CB2598477BFFCBFED181365872A34E" box="[279,381,1281,1305]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">paratype</typeStatus>
: MHNG-INVE-
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFDFC81375B70A34E" box="[570,639,1280,1305]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="86221.0">86221</number>
);
<date id="FFCEBDFA477BFFCBFD5581375A03A34E" box="[659,780,1280,1305]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2011-11-30">
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFD5581375BBEA34E" box="[659,689,1280,1305]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="30.0">30</number>
.xi.2011
</date>
, 8‒
<quantity id="4C8836DF477BFFCBFCF381365A7EA34F" box="[821,881,1281,1305]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
, sample
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFC1081375AF9A34E" box="[982,1014,1280,1305]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="56.0">56</number>
: a
<quantity id="4C8836DF477BFFCBFBD081365D41A34F" box="[1046,1102,1281,1305]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
high, male colony (
<typeStatus id="54CB2598477BFFCBFAF481365C97A34E" box="[1330,1432,1281,1305]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">paratype</typeStatus>
: MHNG-INVE-
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFE8181135881A36A" box="[327,398,1316,1341]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="86219.0">86219</number>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1477BFFCBFF01817F5BE4A0A7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477BFFCBFF01817F5BE4A0A7" blockId="19.[151,1437,1172,1848]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B9044728477BFFCBFF01817F585EA336" bold="true" box="[199,337,1352,1377]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description</emphasis>
. Colonies arising from a mass of loosely aggregated, creeping, branching stolonal fibers. Stems rather tall, up to
<quantity id="4C8836DF477BFFCBFE92815A5883A3D3" box="[340,396,1389,1413]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
high (Pl.
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFE3B815A5B03A3D2" box="[509,524,1389,1413]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2.0">2</number>
B), mostly monosiphonic, except for a short, basal portion invested by a reduced number of auxiliary tubes. Internodes geniculate, of moderate length, delimited by oblique nodes; there are slight bulges at both ends of each internode, as well as a well-developed, latero-distal hydrophore, greatly surpassing the level of distal node, and provided with a conspicuous pseudodiaphragm on its adaxial side (
<figureCitation id="134B87BF477BFFCBFB5881EF5DEDA3A6" box="[1182,1250,1496,1521]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFB1581EE5DEDA3A6" box="[1235,1250,1497,1521]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2.0">2</number>
</figureCitation>
G). Hydrothecae very deep, with everted margins; renovations present (
<figureCitation id="134B87BF477BFFCBFCEA81CB5A78A042" box="[812,887,1532,1557]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFCAE81CA5A78A042" box="[872,887,1533,1557]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2.0">2</number>
</figureCitation>
H). Branches arising singly from the primary hydrophores (
<figureCitation id="134B87BF477BFFCBFEF382175874A06E" box="[309,379,1568,1593]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, B" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1739,1761]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,200,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1713]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, B: Halecium flexile Allman, 1888 — portion of stem (A) compared with H. balei Fraser, 1911 (C); detail of hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (B), and comparison with H. balei (D). E, F: Halecium humeriformis sp. nov. — stem fragments (E); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (F). G, H: Halecium maximum sp. nov. — stem fragments (G); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (H). I ‒ L: Halecium modestum sp. nov. — stem fragments (I ‒ K); hydrophore with hydrotheca (L). M, N: Halecium platythecum sp. nov. — stem fragment (M); hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (N). Scale bars: 300 µm (B, D, F, H, L, N) and 1 mm (A, C, E, G, I ‒ K, M)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286958/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFEAA82165874A06E" box="[364,379,1569,1593]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2.0">2</number>
</figureCitation>
G). Largest branches given off irregularly and in all directions, while comparatively shorter branchlets, of no more than
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFE16827358F5A00A" box="[464,506,1604,1629]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5</number>
internodes, are given off from every single hydrophore, and appear arranged on all sides of the stem and branches. Gonothecae large, lenticular, tapering abruptly basally into short pedicels; male (Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFF1082A759ECA0FF" box="[214,227,1680,1704]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="3.0">3</number>
F) similar to female (Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFDD482A75B2FA0FF" box="[530,544,1680,1704]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="3.0">3</number>
E), both provided with an aperture, the latter notched in female (Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFA8582A75C40A0FF" box="[1347,1359,1680,1704]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="3.0">3</number>
E1, 3,
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFA4282BB5C83A0CD" box="[1412,1420,1676,1690]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="4.0">4</number>
). Cnidome (
<figureCitation id="134B87BF477BFFCBFEC882845866A09B" box="[270,361,1715,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A ‒ F, M" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,248,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,243,1755]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 4. A ‒ F, M: Cnidomes of some Halecium species discussed herein— H. flexile Allman, 1888 (A); H. balei (B); H. humeriformis sp. nov. (C); H. maximum sp. nov. (D); H. tristaniensis sp. nov. (E); H. modestum sp. nov. (F). G: Halecium pallens Jäderholm, 1904 — female gonotheca. H ‒ M: Halecium tehuelchum (d’Orbigny, 1842) — fragments of colonies (H), primary hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (I); female gonotheca (J) and shape variation (K); male gonothecae (L); cnidome (M). Scale bars: 10 µm (A ‒ F, M); 300 µm (I, J, L), 500 µm (G, K), 1 mm (H)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286959/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFE858283585CA09B" box="[323,339,1716,1740]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="4.0">4</number>
D
</figureCitation>
): small (
<emphasis id="B9044728477BFFCBFE0D828358EAA09C" box="[459,485,1716,1739]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ca</emphasis>
.
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFE3282845B18A09B" box="[500,535,1715,1740]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="4.6">4.6</number>
×
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFDF082835B56A09B" box="[566,601,1716,1740]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1.7">1.7</number>
µm) and large (
<emphasis id="B9044728477BFFCBFCD782835A23A09C" box="[785,812,1716,1739]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ca</emphasis>
.
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFCFC82835A52A09B" box="[826,861,1716,1740]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="8.3">8.3</number>
×
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFCBA82835A90A09B" box="[892,927,1716,1740]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2.9">2.9</number>
µm) heteronemes (none seen discharged), as well as microbasic mastigophores (
<emphasis id="B9044728477BFFCBFDE482EF5B33A0B8" box="[546,572,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ca</emphasis>
. 6.0 ×
<number id="3DB8891D477BFFCBFD4D82EF5BA1A0A7" box="[651,686,1752,1776]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1.7">1.7</number>
µm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1477BFFCDFF0182CC5810A434" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477BFFCBFF0182CC59D8A16F" blockId="19.[151,1437,1172,1848]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B9044728477BFFCBFF0182CC583BA143" bold="true" box="[199,308,1787,1812]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks</emphasis>
. This species superficially resembles the following one, and their differences are listed under the latter.
</paragraph>
<footnote id="E86B8734477BFFCBFF518348581FA1A6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477BFFCBFF518348581FA1A6" blockId="19.[151,1437,1919,2033]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
12. Millard (1957) accepted the synonymy between
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477BFFCBFD7C83B75A96A1C2" authority="Bale, 1888" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1888" box="[698,921,1919,1941]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
<emphasis id="B9044728477BFFCBFD7C83B75A2DA1C2" box="[698,802,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. gracile</emphasis>
Bale, 1888
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477BFFCBFC0A83B75DC8A1C2" authority="Bale, 1888" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1888" box="[972,1223,1919,1941]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parvulum">
<emphasis id="B9044728477BFFCBFC0A83B75D41A1C2" box="[972,1102,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. parvulum</emphasis>
Bale, 1888
</taxonomicName>
, and recognized that the name of the former was threatened by
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477BFFCBFD4883A85A86A1E4" authority="Verrill, 1874" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1874" box="[654,905,1949,1972]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracile">
<emphasis id="B9044728477BFFCBFD4883A85BF6A1E4" box="[654,761,1949,1972]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. gracile</emphasis>
Verrill, 1874
</taxonomicName>
. She thus used the second available name,
<emphasis id="B9044728477BFFCBFA9183A85827A185" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
viz.
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477BFFCBFA4583A85827A185" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parvulum">H. parvulum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, most probably ignoring that a substitution name for the former,
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477BFFCBFC24838A5D38A185" box="[994,1079,1980,2002]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balei">
<emphasis id="B9044728477BFFCBFC24838A5D38A185" box="[994,1079,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. balei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was introduced earlier by Fraser (1911).
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<caption id="DF0FCBB2477CFFCCFF51832C5D05A1FB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286959/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[154,1431,248,1754]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477CFFCCFF51832C5D05A1FB" blockId="20.[151,1437,1819,1964]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B9044728477CFFCCFF51832C5800A166" bold="true" box="[151,271,1819,1841]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. A‒F, M: Cnidomes of some
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477CFFCCFD81832C5BA5A166" box="[583,682,1819,1841]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9044728477CFFCCFD81832C5BA5A166" box="[583,682,1819,1841]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Halecium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species discussed herein—
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477CFFCCFC00832B5DB4A166" authority="Allman, 1888" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[966,1211,1819,1841]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flexile">
<emphasis id="B9044728477CFFCCFC00832B5D2AA166" box="[966,1061,1819,1841]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. flexile</emphasis>
Allman, 1888
</taxonomicName>
(A);
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477CFFCCFB30832B5C45A166" box="[1270,1354,1819,1841]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="balei">
<emphasis id="B9044728477CFFCCFB30832B5C45A166" box="[1270,1354,1819,1841]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. balei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B);
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477CFFCCFA45832B582FA107" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="humeriformis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9044728477CFFCCFA45832B582FA107" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. humeriformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA53477CFFCCFEEE830C5875A107" box="[296,378,1851,1872]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(C);
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477CFFCCFE72830C5B37A107" box="[436,568,1851,1872]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maximum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9044728477CFFCCFE72830C5B37A107" box="[436,568,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. maximum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA53477CFFCCFD87830C5B9DA107" box="[577,658,1851,1872]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(D);
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477CFFCCFD0B830C5A64A107" box="[717,875,1851,1872]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tristaniensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9044728477CFFCCFD0B830C5A64A107" box="[717,875,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. tristaniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA53477CFFCCFCB2830C5ACAA107" box="[884,965,1851,1872]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(E);
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477CFFCCFC38830C5D8AA107" box="[1022,1157,1850,1872]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="modestum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9044728477CFFCCFC38830C5D8AA107" box="[1022,1157,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. modestum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237FA53477CFFCCFB49830C5DEEA107" box="[1167,1249,1851,1872]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(F). G:
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477CFFCCFAFF830D589AA138" authority="Jaderholm, 1904" authorityName="Jaderholm" authorityYear="1904" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pallens">
<emphasis id="B9044728477CFFCCFAFF830D59EFA138" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Halecium pallens</emphasis>
Jäderholm, 1904
</taxonomicName>
—female gonotheca. H‒M:
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477CFFCCFD07836E5D68A138" authority="d'Orbigny, 1842" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1842" box="[705,1127,1881,1903]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tehuelchum">
<emphasis id="B9044728477CFFCCFD07836E5AADA138" box="[705,930,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Halecium tehuelchum</emphasis>
(d’Orbigny, 1842)
</taxonomicName>
—fragments of colonies (H), primary hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (I); female gonotheca (J) and shape variation (K); male gonothecae (L); cnidome (M). Scale bars: 10 µm (A‒F, M); 300 µm (I, J, L), 500 µm (G, K), 1 mm (H).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477DFFCDFF0184A05810A434" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,719]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Female gonothecae with a similar shape were found previously in specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA477DFFCDFBAE84A05C27A6E7" box="[1128,1320,151,176]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tristan da Cunha</collectingCountry>
examined by one of us (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB477DFFCDFEBA848B5B1BA682" author="Galea" box="[380,532,188,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Galea, H. R. (2010 b) Notes on a small collection of thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Tristan da Cunha, south Atlantic. Zootaxa, 2336, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">
Galea
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFE0A848B5B08A682" box="[460,519,188,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2010.0">2010</number>
b
</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477DFFCDFDE0848B5B9CA683" box="[550,659,188,212]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFDE0848B5B9CA683" box="[550,659,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Halecium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477DFFCDFD7D848B5D1FA682" authority="Coughtrey, 1876" authorityName="Coughtrey" authorityYear="1876" box="[699,1040,188,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicatulum">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFD7D848B5A30A683" box="[699,831,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">delicatulum</emphasis>
Coughtrey,
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFC13848B5D1FA682" box="[981,1040,188,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1876.0">1876</number>
</taxonomicName>
, morphotype
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFB71848B5DC7A683" box="[1207,1224,188,212]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2.0">2</number>
). Consequently, a comparison between the two sets of collection materials, as well as with the other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477DFFCDFB7D84D75C27A6AF" box="[1211,1320,224,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFB7D84D75C27A6AF" box="[1211,1320,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Halecium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
discussed herein, was found necessary. The
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA477DFFCDFDE785335BE8A74A" box="[545,743,260,285]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tristan da Cunha</collectingCountry>
specimens are mainly characterized by their nearly straight stems and side branches, with almost collinear internodes, and by their unusual, exceedingly long primary hydrophores. Although most of its hydranths were shed, a closer inspection of the available material (part of NHM
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFF51854759FBA7DF" box="[151,244,368,392]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2009.18">2009.18</number>
) revealed the remains of a couple of polyps. These were used to analyze the cnidome composition (
<figureCitation id="134B87BF477DFFCDFAA9855859B6A7FB" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A ‒ F, M" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,248,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,243,1755]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 4. A ‒ F, M: Cnidomes of some Halecium species discussed herein— H. flexile Allman, 1888 (A); H. balei (B); H. humeriformis sp. nov. (C); H. maximum sp. nov. (D); H. tristaniensis sp. nov. (E); H. modestum sp. nov. (F). G: Halecium pallens Jäderholm, 1904 — female gonotheca. H ‒ M: Halecium tehuelchum (d’Orbigny, 1842) — fragments of colonies (H), primary hydrophore and renovated hydrotheca (I); female gonotheca (J) and shape variation (K); male gonothecae (L); cnidome (M). Scale bars: 10 µm (A ‒ F, M); 300 µm (I, J, L), 500 µm (G, K), 1 mm (H)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286959/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFF5185A359A9A7FB" box="[151,166,404,428]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="4.0">4</number>
E
</figureCitation>
), which showed, besides the common spindle shaped microbasic mastigophores, the presence of a peculiar, large nematocyst [(
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFEAA858F58EEA787" box="[364,481,440,464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="11.600000000000001" valueMax="12.3" valueMin="10.9">10.9–12.3</number>
) × (
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFDD785805B67A787" box="[529,616,439,464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="5.6" valueMax="5.7" valueMin="5.5">5.5–5.7</number>
) µm] with a long, coiled shaft, apparently making more than a complete turn inside the capsule. The sole (partly?) discharged capsule exhibited a shaft whose length exceeded that of the capsule itself. Taken together, these differences with the related congeners prompted the first author of the present study to introduce the new name,
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9477DFFCDFDD286105A1DA469" box="[532,786,551,575]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tristaniensis">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFDD286105A1DA469" box="[532,786,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Halecium tristaniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<number id="3DB8891D477DFFCDFCD486145A2EA466" box="[786,801,547,561]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="13.0">13</number>
Galea, sp. nov., in order to distinguish this species from its relatives.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1477DFFCDFF01865958CAA4FC" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477DFFCDFF01865958CAA4FC" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,719]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFF0186595849A4D0" bold="true" box="[199,326,622,647]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Etymology</emphasis>
. From the Latin
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFDC486475BDFA4D1" box="[514,720,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">maximus (-a, -um)</emphasis>
, used with the meaning “the largest”, to show its size difference with the following species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1477DFFCDFF0186815A96A498" box="[199,921,694,719]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A477DFFCDFF0186815A96A498" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,719]" box="[199,921,694,719]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B9044728477DFFCDFF01868158B1A498" bold="true" box="[199,446,694,719]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA477DFFCDFEB8868158B1A498" box="[382,446,694,719]" name="Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Chile</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Only known from Corral (present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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