207 lines
21 KiB
XML
207 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.056.0102" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7649964" checkinTime="1676640476114" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Appleton, C. C. & Miranda, N. A. F." docDate="2015" docId="03BCAA78FF88FFCFFEE79A60FBAAB290" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.56.1.1-17.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 56 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0102" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0201127D758FBEB889983D376DC13FCB.2:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="0201127D758FBEB889983D376DC13FCB" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Gyraulus chinensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FF85D200FF8EFFC8FFF09E65FFBFB754" masterDocTitle="Two Asian freshwater snails newly introduced into South Africa and an analysis of alien species reported to date" masterLastPageNumber="1" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1677083510915" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Two Asian freshwater snails newly introduced into South Africa and an analysis of alien species reported to date</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Appleton, C. C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Miranda, N. A. F.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2015-01-21</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>56</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>1</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0102</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.056.0102</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7649964</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BCAA78FF88FFCFFEE79A60FBAAB290" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCAA78FF88FFCFFEE79A60FBAAB290" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<heading box="[279,1044,1029,1056]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" reason="3">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[279,673,1029,1055]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[279,1044,1029,1056]" box="[279,673,1029,1055]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6L7H3" ID-ENA="112529" authority="(Dunker, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Dunker" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[279,673,1029,1055]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[279,494,1029,1055]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Gyraulus chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Dunker, 1848)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[279,1044,1029,1056]" box="[680,1044,1029,1056]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
(Basommatophora:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[901,1037,1029,1056]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Planorbidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[181,1143,1069,1675]" box="[613,710,1069,1096]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[613,684,1069,1095]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[144,177,942,964]" captionTargetBox="[229,1055,205,903]" captionTargetId="figure-248@7.[213,1055,205,930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Gyraulus chinensis from Amatikulu. Live specimens (4A–B, photos: H. Madsen) and specimen preserved in 70% ethanol (4C, photo: N. Miranda). The shell of the specimen in 4B shows patches of erosion. Note the pigmented mantle in both live and preserved specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7649978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7649978/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[696,710,1069,1096]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[276,309,585,607]" captionTargetBox="[385,938,204,570]" captionTargetId="figure-316@8.[385,938,204,570]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Shell of G. chinensis from Amatikulu (photo: N. Miranda). Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7649980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7649980/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">5</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[181,1143,1069,1675]" box="[181,330,1109,1135]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis box="[181,330,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Identification</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[181,1143,1069,1675]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunker" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[208,414,1140,1166]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[208,414,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Gyraulus chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is readily distinguished from the two indigenous species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Charpentier" authorityYear="1837" box="[1041,1143,1140,1166]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1041,1143,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Gyraulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[212,359,1172,1198]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Brown & Van Eeden, 1969" authorityName="Brown & Van Eeden" authorityYear="1969" box="[372,831,1172,1199]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="connollyi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[372,512,1172,1199]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. connollyi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="BROWN, D. S. & VAN EEDEN, J. A." box="[521,831,1172,1199]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="305 - 331" refId="ref7597" refString="BROWN, D. S. & VAN EEDEN, J. A. 1969. The molluscan genus Gyraulus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in southern Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 48: 305 - 331." type="journal article" year="1969">Brown & Van Eeden, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Krauss, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="costulatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[889,1039,1172,1199]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. costulatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Krauss, 1848)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by means of the characteristic dark pigmentation on its mid-dorsal mantle, head and tentacles, and its flatter and smoother shell (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="BROWN, D. S. & GRACIO, M. A. A. & MEIER-BROOK, C." box="[730,940,1236,1262]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="203 - 213" refId="ref7545" refString="BROWN, D. S., GRACIO, M. A. A. & MEIER-BROOK, C. 1998. The Asian freshwater snail Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848) (Planorbidae) in West Africa and Europe. Journal of African Zoology 112: 203 - 213." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Brown
|
||
<emphasis box="[816,873,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Brown 2001). In addition the shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunker" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[419,559,1267,1294]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[419,559,1267,1294]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grows larger, to
|
||
<quantity box="[755,843,1267,1294]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="BROWN, D. S. & GRACIO, M. A. A. & MEIER-BROOK, C." box="[859,1071,1267,1294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="203 - 213" refId="ref7545" refString="BROWN, D. S., GRACIO, M. A. A. & MEIER-BROOK, C. 1998. The Asian freshwater snail Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848) (Planorbidae) in West Africa and Europe. Journal of African Zoology 112: 203 - 213." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Brown
|
||
<emphasis box="[946,1004,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), than either of the indigenous species, which rarely reach 5.0 mm (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="BROWN, D. S. & VAN EEDEN, J. A." box="[838,1129,1299,1326]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="305 - 331" refId="ref7597" refString="BROWN, D. S. & VAN EEDEN, J. A. 1969. The molluscan genus Gyraulus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in southern Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 48: 305 - 331." type="journal article" year="1969">Brown & Van Eeden 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is typically pale coloured with weak or no spiral sculpture and a rounded shoulder (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[189,260,1362,1389]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[144,177,942,964]" captionTargetBox="[229,1055,205,903]" captionTargetId="figure-248@7.[213,1055,205,930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Gyraulus chinensis from Amatikulu. Live specimens (4A–B, photos: H. Madsen) and specimen preserved in 70% ethanol (4C, photo: N. Miranda). The shell of the specimen in 4B shows patches of erosion. Note the pigmented mantle in both live and preserved specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7649978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7649978/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation box="[314,330,1362,1389]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[276,309,585,607]" captionTargetBox="[385,938,204,570]" captionTargetId="figure-316@8.[385,938,204,570]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Shell of G. chinensis from Amatikulu (photo: N. Miranda). Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7649980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7649980/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[181,1143,1069,1675]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The pigmentation is seen on the head, anterior mantle and tentacles in both live and preserved specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[419,485,1426,1452]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[144,177,942,964]" captionTargetBox="[229,1055,205,903]" captionTargetId="figure-248@7.[213,1055,205,930]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Gyraulus chinensis from Amatikulu. Live specimens (4A–B, photos: H. Madsen) and specimen preserved in 70% ethanol (4C, photo: N. Miranda). The shell of the specimen in 4B shows patches of erosion. Note the pigmented mantle in both live and preserved specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7649978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7649978/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ‘flatness index’ of a discoid shell was defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="BROWN, D. S. & VAN EEDEN, J. A." pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="305 - 331" refId="ref7597" refString="BROWN, D. S. & VAN EEDEN, J. A. 1969. The molluscan genus Gyraulus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in southern Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 48: 305 - 331." type="journal article" year="1969">Brown and Van Eeden (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="BROWN, D. S. & GRACIO, M. A. A. & MEIER-BROOK, C." box="[493,718,1458,1484]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="203 - 213" refId="ref7545" refString="BROWN, D. S., GRACIO, M. A. A. & MEIER-BROOK, C. 1998. The Asian freshwater snail Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848) (Planorbidae) in West Africa and Europe. Journal of African Zoology 112: 203 - 213." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Brown
|
||
<emphasis box="[577,635,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as the product of the whorl diameter from shoulder to the inside of the aperture and whorl height. The index increases with increasing whorl diameter. For
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunker" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[548,691,1521,1548]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[548,691,1521,1548]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Amatikulu it ranged from
|
||
<quantity box="[1074,1142,1521,1547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="1.9">1.9 in</quantity>
|
||
juveniles of
|
||
<quantity box="[324,391,1553,1579]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter to 4.0 in adults of
|
||
<quantity box="[720,808,1553,1580]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter (Fig. 6) whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown & Van Eeden" authorityYear="1969" box="[181,321,1585,1611]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="connollyi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[181,321,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. connollyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the closest indigenous species (see key below), the whorls were higher relative to width so that the index was consistently below 3.0 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="BROWN, D. S. & VAN EEDEN, J. A." pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="305 - 331" refId="ref7597" refString="BROWN, D. S. & VAN EEDEN, J. A. 1969. The molluscan genus Gyraulus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in southern Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 48: 305 - 331." type="journal article" year="1969">Brown & Van Eeden 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The two largest specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunker" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[574,708,1648,1674]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[574,708,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">G. chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
measured 5.65×1.4 and 5.75×
|
||
<quantity box="[1045,1141,1648,1675]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="1.35">1.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7649978" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7649978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7649978/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" startId="7.[144,177,942,964]" targetBox="[229,1055,205,903]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,1104,942,1012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Fig. 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunker" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[212,389,942,963]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[212,389,942,963]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Gyraulus chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Amatikulu. Live specimens (4A–B, photos: H. Madsen) and specimen preserved in 70% ethanol (4C, photo: N. Miranda). The shell of the specimen in 4B shows patches of erosion. Note the pigmented mantle in both live and preserved specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,1104,1066,1476]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
(Fig. 7). This figure shows that the number of whorls also increases with shell diameter from approximately 2.75 for shells less than
|
||
<quantity box="[662,729,1098,1124]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter to a maximum of 4.75 whorls for shells over
|
||
<quantity box="[394,480,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[144,1104,1066,1476]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The reproductive anatomy of the Amatikulu material conformed well to the descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunker" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[230,363,1194,1220]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[230,363,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">G. chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="BROWN, D. S. & GRACIO, M. A. A. & MEIER-BROOK, C." box="[467,678,1194,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="203 - 213" refId="ref7545" refString="BROWN, D. S., GRACIO, M. A. A. & MEIER-BROOK, C. 1998. The Asian freshwater snail Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848) (Planorbidae) in West Africa and Europe. Journal of African Zoology 112: 203 - 213." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Brown
|
||
<emphasis box="[547,600,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Pointier (2008). Important here are the number and arrangement of the lobes of the prostate gland (12–17 lobes of uniform length) and the relative lengths of the preputium and penis sheath (preputium slightly shorter than penis sheath but similar in width). This differs from the two indigenous
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[144,336,1322,1348]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis box="[144,248,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Gyraulus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Brown & Van Eeden 1969)" baseAuthorityName="Brown & Van Eeden" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[345,792,1322,1349]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="connollyi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[345,481,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">G. connollyi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="BROWN, D. S. & VAN EEDEN, J. A." box="[494,784,1322,1349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="305 - 331" refId="ref7597" refString="BROWN, D. S. & VAN EEDEN, J. A. 1969. The molluscan genus Gyraulus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in southern Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 48: 305 - 331." type="journal article" year="1969">Brown & Van Eeden 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Brown et al. 1998)" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="costulatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,988,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">G. costulatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="BROWN, D. S. & GRACIO, M. A. A. & MEIER-BROOK, C." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="203 - 213" refId="ref7545" refString="BROWN, D. S., GRACIO, M. A. A. & MEIER-BROOK, C. 1998. The Asian freshwater snail Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848) (Planorbidae) in West Africa and Europe. Journal of African Zoology 112: 203 - 213." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Brown
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These indigenous species are closely related and have a similar reproductive anatomy. They have fewer than 12 prostatic lobes, which are irregular in shape and arrangement. The preputium is usually longer than the penis sheath in both species though the widest part of the preputium is slightly broader than the penis sheath.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |