279 lines
32 KiB
XML
279 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="CCE104A216DC2D584490F963D5C8315C" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2012.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e809cd3a-36bb-413d-9f19-70837d7db34b" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3715167" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1584542927971" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grootaert, Patrick & Shamshev, Igor V." docDate="2012" docId="03BC87A25D72FFA8FDB6BB0F330C8722" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2011-5.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Drapetis Meigen 1822" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="FF85FFDA5D46FF9DFFDEBF61367B815E" masterDocTitle="The fast-running flies (Diptera, Hybotidae, Tachydromiinae) of Singapore and adjacent regions" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1698729919212" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CC067E46E1996022EE30FD122A16A271">
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<mods:title id="33A9B559A555290B95742FA6C6DF3E5F">The fast-running flies (Diptera, Hybotidae, Tachydromiinae) of Singapore and adjacent regions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="614EBB3ACD0EE97D3E745BEB39FB84AC">Grootaert, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F96678FC43124F1F5CE7C2A273FDEDDA">Shamshev, Igor V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5620468DDC797DDF8C9C25A4A338ED7B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F4E2E82155FDFCE72AD62260542BC2BC">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AD0FEA9256742A14FBDC732A3BEA78D6">
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<mods:date id="1D0018FA85AED80A65918216041F7192">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D6E9F131A7E238464CB743C12C6E42AE">2012-01-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="599CB5794A3337A488CDB6D697C5E9A0">5</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B243F5D68AC6E51E8377C3AE2B672CAF">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="342B2C1115F996D2143E67DC839F0253">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CC0694E8E5C159B789893300968C9A74" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2012.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BC87A25D72FFA8FDB6BB0F330C8722" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3716666" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162630233" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3716666" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87A25D72FFA8FDB6BB0F330C8722" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A25D72FFA8FDB6BB0F330C8722" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection id="C30F653F5D72FFA9FDB6BB0F35B785D6" box="[616,972,1134,1160]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D72FFA9FDB6BB0F35B785D6" blockId="52.[616,972,1134,1160]" box="[616,972,1134,1160]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<heading id="D0E281D85D72FFA9FDB6BB0F35B785D6" box="[616,972,1134,1160]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D72FFA9FD64BB0F35B785D6" ID-CoL="486C" ID-ENA="369862" authority="Meigen, 1822" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" box="[698,972,1134,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D72FFA9FD64BB0F355A85D6" bold="true" box="[698,801,1134,1160]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Drapetis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D72FFA9FCF6BB0F35B785D6" author="Meigen" box="[808,972,1134,1160]" firstAuthor="Meigen" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref69849" refString="Meigen J. W. 1822. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Dritter Theil. Schulz-Wundermann, Hamm." type="book" year="1822">Meigen, 1822</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30F653F5D72FFA9FF63BBD0372884C2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D72FFA9FF63BBD032168595" blockId="52.[189,1398,1200,1370]" box="[189,1133,1200,1227]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB05119A5D72FFA9FF63BBD032168595" box="[189,1133,1200,1227]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB410A55D72FFA9FF63BBD037868594" author="Meigen J. W." box="[189,509,1200,1226]" page="91" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1822">
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D72FFA9FF63BBD037868594" ID-CoL="486C" authority="Meigen, 1822: 91" authorityName="Meigen" authorityPageNumber="91" authorityYear="1822" box="[189,509,1200,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D72FFA9FF63BBD0375F8594" box="[189,292,1201,1226]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Drapetis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D72FFA9FEF5BBD137868594" author="Meigen" box="[299,509,1200,1226]" firstAuthor="Meigen" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref69849" refString="Meigen J. W. 1822. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Dritter Theil. Schulz-Wundermann, Hamm." type="book" year="1822">Meigen, 1822: 91</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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. Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D72FFA9FD6FBBD035C48594" ID-CoL="8BVNB" authority="Meigen, 1822" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" box="[689,959,1200,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exilis">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D72FFA9FD6FBBD035688594" box="[689,787,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. exilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D72FFA9FCC4BBD135C48594" author="Meigen" box="[794,959,1200,1226]" firstAuthor="Meigen" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref69849" refString="Meigen J. W. 1822. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Dritter Theil. Schulz-Wundermann, Hamm." type="book" year="1822">Meigen, 1822</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D72FFA9FF63BBB537F9844C" blockId="52.[189,1398,1200,1370]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D72FFA9FF63BBB537D085B0" ID-CoL="62JG4" authority="Gistl, 1848" authorityName="Gistl" authorityYear="1848" box="[189,427,1236,1262]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Caecula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D72FFA9FF63BBB5376485B0" box="[189,287,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Caecula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D72FFA9FEFBBBB537D085B0" author="Gistl" box="[293,427,1236,1262]" firstAuthor="Gistl" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref68810" refString="Gistl J. N. F. X. 1848. Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs fur hohere Schulen. R. Hoffmann, Stuttgart. xvi + 216 + [4] pp., 32 pls" type="book" year="1848">Gistl, 1848</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: IX. An unnecessary new name for
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D72FFA9FC96BBB435D485B0" ID-CoL="486C" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" box="[840,943,1237,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D72FFA9FC96BBB435D485B0" box="[840,943,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Drapetis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D72FFA9FBBABBB43681844C" ID-CoL="8BVNB" authority="Meigen, 1822" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exilis">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D72FFA9FBBABBB4337485B0" box="[1124,1295,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Drapetis exilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D72FFA9FAC8BBB53681844C" author="Meigen" firstAuthor="Meigen" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref69849" refString="Meigen J. W. 1822. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Dritter Theil. Schulz-Wundermann, Hamm." type="book" year="1822">Meigen, 1822</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, automatic.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D72FFA9FF63BA7D37F98404" blockId="52.[189,1398,1200,1370]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB05119A5D72FFA9FF63BA7D37F98404" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB410A55D72FFA9FF63BA7D379D8469" author="Gistl J. N. F. X." box="[189,486,1308,1335]" page="152" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1848">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D72FFA9FF63BA7D379D8469" authority="Gistl, 1848: 152" authorityName="Gistl" authorityPageNumber="152" authorityYear="1848" box="[189,486,1308,1335]" class="Insecta" genus="Arbicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D72FFA9FF63BA7D375F8468" box="[189,292,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Arbicola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D72FFA9FEF7BA7D379D8469" author="Gistl" box="[297,486,1308,1335]" firstAuthor="Gistl" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref68810" refString="Gistl J. N. F. X. 1848. Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs fur hohere Schulen. R. Hoffmann, Stuttgart. xvi + 216 + [4] pp., 32 pls" type="book" year="1848">Gistl, 1848: 152</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. An unnecessary new name for
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D72FFA9FC90BA7C35CE8468" ID-CoL="486C" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" box="[846,949,1309,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D72FFA9FC90BA7C35CE8468" box="[846,949,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Drapetis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D72FFA9FBB8BA7C36818404" ID-CoL="8BVNB" authority="Meigen, 1822" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exilis">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D72FFA9FBB8BA7C336B8468" box="[1126,1296,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Drapetis exilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B455D72FFA9FAC8BA7D36818404" author="Meigen" firstAuthor="Meigen" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref69849" refString="Meigen J. W. 1822. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Dritter Theil. Schulz-Wundermann, Hamm." type="book" year="1822">Meigen, 1822</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, automatic.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D72FFA9FF63BAE3372884C2" blockId="52.[189,339,1410,1436]" box="[189,339,1410,1436]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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||
<heading id="D0E281D85D72FFA9FF63BAE3372884C2" bold="true" box="[189,339,1410,1436]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D72FFA9FF63BAE3372884C2" bold="true" box="[189,339,1410,1436]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Recognition</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30F653F5D72FFA9FF63BAD037BA8769" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D72FFA9FF63BAD037BA8769" blockId="52.[189,1399,1457,1591]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D72FFA9FEE7BAD337DB8495" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" box="[313,416,1458,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961EAA65D72FFA9FEE7BAD337DB8495" box="[313,416,1458,1483]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Drapetis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
can be distinguished from other genera of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D72FFA9FC70BAD032668495" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1961" box="[942,1053,1457,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drapetini">Drapetini</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of the characters: head close-set upon thorax, gena very narrow, antennae upturned, postpedicel more or less rounded ventrally; wing with Rs long, abdominal tergites with squamiform setae, intersegmental modifications present.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F653F5D72FFA8FF63B93E32EE80A1" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D72FFA9FF63B93E374D8727" blockId="52.[189,310,1631,1657]" box="[189,310,1631,1657]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<heading id="D0E281D85D72FFA9FF63B93E374D8727" bold="true" box="[189,310,1631,1657]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D72FFA9FF63B93E374D8727" bold="true" box="[189,310,1631,1657]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D72FFA8FF63B9EF32EE80A1" blockId="52.[189,1399,1678,2033]" lastBlockId="53.[189,1399,267,511]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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||
Small (about
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B515D72FFA9FE89B9EF37C987F6" box="[343,434,1678,1705]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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) shining black robust flies. Head closely set upon thorax. Frons with sides divergent above. Eyes contiguous on face. One pair of vertical bristles. Ocellar tubercle with 2 pairs of bristles. Antennae upturned, pedicel with circlet of subequally short setae; postpedicel usually short and rather ovate with lower margin convex; stylus arising apically, arista-like, long. Gena linear. Palpus small, with short subapical seta; lacking sensory pit. Thorax largely shining, anepisternum with small hairs or bristles at least in upper posterior corner or bare. Postpronotal bristle not prominent. Mesonotal bristles very prominent but acrostichals and dorsocentrals undifferentiated; no setae between mid and hind coxae. Legs short, robust, lacking prominent bristles. Wings normally developed; finely infuscate; Rs long, originating before midway of R
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<subScript id="179134F15D72FFA9FDFBB8DE34558693" attach="left" box="[549,558,1983,1997]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">1</subScript>
|
||
; R
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<subScript id="179134F15D72FFA9FD90B8DE342C8693" attach="left" box="[590,599,1983,1997]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">1</subScript>
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||
meeting costa at middle of wing; R
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||
<subScript id="179134F15D72FFA9FC38B8DE327A8693" attach="left" box="[998,1025,1983,1997]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">2+3</subScript>
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||
complete, meeting costa beyond middle of wing; R
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<subScript id="179134F15D72FFA9FE4EB88337D086AE" attach="left" box="[400,427,2018,2032]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">4+5</subScript>
|
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and M
|
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<subScript id="179134F15D72FFA9FE25B882346D86AF" attach="left" box="[507,534,2019,2033]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">1+2</subScript>
|
||
more or less parallel near wing margin; A
|
||
<subScript id="179134F15D72FFA9FC22B882327E86AF" attach="left" box="[1020,1029,2019,2033]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">1</subScript>
|
||
present as fold; crossvein CuA
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<subScript id="179134F15D72FFA9FAB0B882330C86AF" attach="right" box="[1390,1399,2019,2033]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">2</subScript>
|
||
absent; crossvein bm-cu somewhat oblique or transverse; cell br shorter than cell bm. Abdomen with some tergites modified or unmodified; squamiform setae present; gland-like intersegmental structures absent. Terminalia with epandrium completely divided; left epandrial lamella fused to hypandrium; left surstylus differentiated from epandrial lamella, divided; right surstylus differentiated from epandrial lamella; cerci separated; hypoproct unmodified; hypandrium setose subapically or bare; phallus short; usually two rod-shaped apodemes (i.e. ejaculatory and ventral apodemes) present. Female similar to male; terminalia elongate; tergite 8 separated from sternite 8; cercus elongate ovate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F653F5D73FFA8FF63BD46329082EB" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D73FFA8FF63BD463754831F" blockId="53.[189,303,551,577]" box="[189,303,551,577]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<heading id="D0E281D85D73FFA8FF63BD463754831F" bold="true" box="[189,303,551,577]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D73FFA8FF63BD463754831F" bold="true" box="[189,303,551,577]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D73FFA8FF63BD37329082EB" blockId="53.[189,1399,598,950]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Currently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D73FFA8FEE0BD3637DE832E" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" box="[318,421,599,624]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D73FFA8FEE0BD3637DE832E" box="[318,421,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Drapetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes about 80 species worldwide, with 18 species known from the Oriental Region. In contrast to its sister genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D73FFA8FD4CBD1B355C83CA" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1827" box="[658,807,634,660]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Elaphropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D73FFA8FD4CBD1B355C83CA" box="[658,807,634,660]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Elaphropeza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D73FFA8FCE7BD1A35DB83CA" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" box="[825,928,635,660]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D73FFA8FCE7BD1A35DB83CA" box="[825,928,635,660]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Drapetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not common in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30276245D73FFA8FB50BD1B337283CA" box="[1166,1289,634,660]" name="Singapore" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Locally, however, representatives of this genus can be very abundant and several species coexist. This is particularly true for the mangrove at Chek Jawa where wrack mainly composed of decomposing green algae is washed onto the shoreline and wild boars dig in the sand. At this site we found three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D73FFA8FF00BC6D373E827B" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" box="[222,325,780,805]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D73FFA8FF00BC6D373E827B" box="[222,325,780,805]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Drapetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together in large numbers. They were active on sand that was disturbed by the wild boars and that was enriched with pieces of decomposed wrack. Four of the five species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D73FFA8FB6EBC51336C8217" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" box="[1200,1303,816,841]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D73FFA8FB6EBC51336C8217" box="[1200,1303,816,841]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Drapetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that we recorded in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30276245D73FFA8FE93BC3237BF8233" box="[333,452,851,877]" name="Singapore" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
are mangrove species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D73FFA8FD03BC3535EB8233" authority="Grootaert & Shamshev, 2012" authorityName="Grootaert & Shamshev" authorityYear="2012" box="[733,912,851,877]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hutan" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D73FFA8FD03BC3535EB8233" box="[733,912,851,877]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Drapetis hutan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25257DD5D73FFA8FC46BC35358E8230" box="[920,1013,852,878]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is the single record of a species occurring in rain forest. This would suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D73FFA8FCC7BC1935FB82CF" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" box="[793,896,888,913]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D73FFA8FCC7BC1935FB82CF" box="[793,896,888,913]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Drapetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having a mainly Palaearctic distribution, radiated and thrived in mangroves in Southeast Asia and was less successful in rain forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F653F5D73FFA8FF63BCBF330C8722" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D73FFA8FF63BCBF34BD82A9" blockId="53.[189,710,989,1016]" box="[189,710,989,1016]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<heading id="D0E281D85D73FFA8FF63BCBF34BD82A9" bold="true" box="[189,710,989,1016]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D73FFA8FF63BCBF34BD82A9" bold="true" box="[189,710,989,1016]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Key to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D73FFA8FE4ABCBF378082A6" ID-CoL="486C" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" box="[404,507,990,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D73FFA8FE4ABCBF378082A6" bold="true" box="[404,507,990,1016]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Drapetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30276245D73FFA8FD99BCBC34BD82A9" box="[583,710,989,1015]" name="Singapore" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<key id="FF8461855D73FFA8FF63BB6C330C8722" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<keyStep id="30E12E115D73FFA8FF63BB6C330D85E6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D73FFA8FF63BB6C330C852E" blockId="53.[189,1399,1037,1660]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E495815D73FFA8FF63BB6C330C852E" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
1. Postpedicel ventrally rounded with dorsoapical stylus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A315D73FFA8FC56BB6C358F8576" box="[904,1012,1037,1064]" captionStart="Figs 105-107" captionStartId="64.[189,241,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[204,1384,1010,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[189,1398,988,1925]" captionText="Figs 105-107. Drapetis pantai sp. nov., ♂ terminalia. 105. right surstylus, dorsal view. 106. epandrium and cerci, dorsal view. 107. left surstylus, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3723724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3723724/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 105</figureCitation>
|
||
), at most 1.5 times as long as wide. Palpus and proboscis brownish yellow. Halter yellow. Hind femur brownish in apical 2/3, otherwise legs yellow............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D73FFA8FB58BB373371852E" ID-CoL="BCVHX" authority="Grootaert & Shamshev, 2012" authorityName="Grootaert & Shamshev" authorityYear="2012" box="[1158,1290,1109,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D73FFA8FB58BB373371852E" bold="true" box="[1158,1290,1109,1136]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">D. mandai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25257DD5D73FFA8FAC9BB37330C852E" box="[1303,1399,1110,1136]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D73FFA8FF1BBB1B330D85E6" blockId="53.[189,1399,1037,1660]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E495815D73FFA8FF1BBB1B330D85E6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
– Postpedicel elongate, almost conical, 2.5-3.0 times as long as wide with nearly apical stylus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A315D73FFA8FA99BB18368785E6" captionStart="Figs 92-93" captionStartId="55.[189,241,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[231,1332,876,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[189,1398,848,1962]" captionText="Figs 92-93. Hind leg of Drapetis, ♂, anterior view. 92. D. pantai sp. nov. 93. D. bakau sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3723716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3723716/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
|
||
). Different combination of characters...........................................................................................2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E12E115D73FFA8FF63BB81330C8440" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D73FFA8FF63BB81330C85A5" blockId="53.[189,1399,1037,1660]" box="[189,1399,1248,1275]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E495815D73FFA8FF63BB81330C85A5" box="[189,1399,1248,1275]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2. Palpus white (at most yellowish).........................................................................................................3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D73FFA8FF1BBA64330C8440" blockId="53.[189,1399,1037,1660]" box="[197,1399,1284,1311]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E495815D73FFA8FF1BBA64330C8440" box="[197,1399,1284,1311]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">– Palpus black..........................................................................................................................................4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E12E115D73FFA8FF63BA26330C8490" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D73FFA8FF63BA26330C84DB" blockId="53.[189,1399,1037,1660]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E495815D73FFA8FF63BA26330C84DB" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
3. Labrum brown. Hind femur swollen, with row of long pale brown anteroventral bristles on apical quarter........................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D73FFA8FB43BA0A328784DB" ID-CoL="BCVHW" authority="Grootaert & Shamshev, 2012" authorityName="Grootaert & Shamshev" authorityYear="2012" box="[1181,1276,1386,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laut" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D73FFA8FB43BA0A328784DB" bold="true" box="[1181,1276,1386,1413]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">D. laut</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25257DD5D73FFA8FACEBA0A330C84DB" box="[1296,1399,1387,1413]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D73FFA8FF1BBAEE330C8490" blockId="53.[189,1399,1037,1660]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E495815D73FFA8FF1BBAEE330C8490" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
– Labrum white. Hind femur slender, with only 2-3 dark subapical anteroventral bristles............. ..................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D73FFA8FB4BBAD233728490" ID-CoL="BCVHT" authority="Grootaert & Shamshev, 2012" authorityName="Grootaert & Shamshev" authorityYear="2012" box="[1173,1289,1459,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bakau" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D73FFA8FB4BBAD233728490" bold="true" box="[1173,1289,1459,1486]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">D. bakau</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25257DD5D73FFA8FAC8BAD5330C8490" box="[1302,1399,1460,1486]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E12E115D73FFA8FF63BA97330C8722" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D73FFA8FF63BA97330C876A" blockId="53.[189,1399,1037,1660]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E495815D73FFA8FF63BA97330C876A" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
4. Halter pale. Hind femur yellow in male; hind tibia weakly curved and as long as hind femur, hind tarsomere 1 with 2-3 black ventral spinules at base.........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D73FFA8FB4EB97B3373876A" ID-CoL="BDD7X" authority="Grootaert & Shamshev, 2012" authorityName="Grootaert & Shamshev" authorityYear="2012" box="[1168,1288,1562,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Pontodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D73FFA8FB4EB97B3373876A" bold="true" box="[1168,1288,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">D. pantai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25257DD5D73FFA8FAC8B97B330C876A" box="[1302,1399,1562,1588]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36B45D73FFA8FF1BB95F330C8722" blockId="53.[189,1399,1037,1660]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E495815D73FFA8FF1BB95F330C8722" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
– Halter with dark brown knob. Hind femur completely black; hind tibia strongly curved and much shorter than femur; hind tarsomere 1 without ventral spinules at base..................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D375D73FFA8FB7FB903336B8722" ID-CoL="BCVHV" authority="Grootaert & Shamshev, 2012" authorityName="Grootaert & Shamshev" authorityYear="2012" box="[1185,1296,1633,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Drapetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hutan" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAA65D73FFA8FB7FB903336B8722" bold="true" box="[1185,1296,1633,1660]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">D. hutan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25257DD5D73FFA8FAC4B903330C8722" box="[1306,1399,1634,1660]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |