204 lines
19 KiB
XML
204 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="4AC389C0B2B0FEF0B8BA36BB0E965D5E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5744573" ID-ISSN="1895-4464" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" checkinTime="1693525871396" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Żóralski, Robert, Kowalczyk, Jan Krzysztof, Marynkiewicz, Zuzanna, Spychalski, Wojciech & Giłka, Wojciech" docDate="2021" docId="03B887B9FF98D505FE9B347DAAA53801" docLanguage="en" docName="Dipteron.37.436.473.pdf" docOrigin="Dipteron (Oxford, England) 37 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744572" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2BBE8A16A4901DE8471DC882B95E4495:Dipteron-Wroclaw.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="2BBE8A16A4901DE8471DC882B95E4495" docStyleName="Dipteron-Wroclaw.2017-.journal_article" docTitle="Laphria gibbosa" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="464" masterDocId="FF81FFC1FF83D519FF853721A9443C7F" masterDocTitle="Łowikowate (Diptera: Asilidae) wschodniego Pomorza Polski / Robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) of the east of Pomerania (Poland)" masterLastPageNumber="473" masterPageNumber="436" pageNumber="463" updateTime="1693525875421" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DADF4144CFBE137F9483E3C5DB83E894">
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<mods:title id="1F90FB88C5E008A740A639639B8186FB">Łowikowate (Diptera: Asilidae) wschodniego Pomorza Polski / Robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) of the east of Pomerania (Poland)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5CA0AF59BC7CE7C3B39207E53356535F">Żóralski, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="37952C6B89F4015BEB6BE7E3426F6480">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BC933A6DE11B06125734F1970DA784C2">Kowalczyk, Jan Krzysztof</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B505C62BAA30DC75E20A2D1E4D7B0F83">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F7E4B6905752508D745E31C81CA04338">Marynkiewicz, Zuzanna</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="DD7FB2E28EB9A14B36B579A732CB4E33" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="496431D8117A8B06F5DEBD3E673F98CA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2FFAB5A80A2E79104C7703268394D540">Spychalski, Wojciech</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8AD972EBC4A1716D2523C08E70816963" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="18D8EBAC81E7FFA90D6F51C84BEBBD5E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="968D122EEB789CC80E313950C02888D8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B64E972DAD25C95FF0B992DF750D5971">Giłka, Wojciech</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8180B13102D67275B9CC5E4665D54E45">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0C8722A61E074332E27888B681E39D1F">Dipteron</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9E0B9FE82E1C041029D0F164CF7A03BD">
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<mods:date id="C47FE311D623CD55490D2FCB50E02FA5">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="9D9FE722A7F38D40FC5CA420D94B9006">Oxford, England</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="FB151E057B756338E2907EB23D760D75">2021-12-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B006DFB1A7472D4824ADEE5EF9EAD4F8">37</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="113D7CD90817F0481226CA9FDC1AC283">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="10C0DCE10E928F19488D019453E4EF83">436</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="E55A7F8F1D1A9CEF3F6C850B7229070A">http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5744572</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F78C33324C85589F203DE4E75BF58E9D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E4E33BBF7712A2B32FF5D873EC50DA95" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5744573</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2BA380D63610BB21B6963FBBFFFFEA64" type="ISSN">1895-4464</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B887B9FF98D505FE9B347DAAA53801" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B887B9FF98D505FE9B347DAAA53801" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887B9FF98D505FE9B347DAAA53801" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">
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<subSubSection id="C30B6524FF98D502FE9B347DAC513F06" box="[286,1301,860,889]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36AFFF98D502FE9B347DAC513F06" blockId="27.[286,1301,860,889]" box="[286,1301,860,889]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">
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<heading id="D0E681C3FF98D502FE9B347DAC513F06" box="[286,1301,860,889]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B965EABDFF98D502FE9B347DAD793F06" bold="true" box="[286,1085,860,889]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D2CFF98D502FE9B347DABA63F06" ID-CoL="3S94V" ID-ENA="2882191" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[286,738,860,889]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Laphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
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<emphasis id="B965EABDFF98D502FE9B347DA8B23F06" bold="true" box="[286,502,860,889]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">Laphria gibbosa</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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- wierzchołówka garbata
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</emphasis>
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* (
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<figureCitation id="132A2A2AFF98D502FBE3347DAD993F06" box="[1126,1245,860,889]" captionStart="RYC" captionStartId="26.[189,210,1575,1601]" captionTargetBox="[190,1412,590,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-260@26.[193,1409,593,1541]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="RYC. 10 / FIG. 10. a - Laphria flava ♂, b - Laphria gibbosa ♂" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">Ryc. 10b</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132A2A2AFF98D502FB6F347DAC4E3F06" box="[1258,1290,860,889]" captionStart="RYC" captionStartId="28.[189,210,811,837]" captionTargetBox="[266,1245,190,763]" captionTargetId="figure-376@28.[269,1243,193,761]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="RYC. 11. Samiec wierzchołówki garbatej (Laphria gibbosa) z ofiarą - imago zmorsznika czerwonego [Stictoleptura rubra (Linnaeus, 1858)]; okolice Raciąża k. Tucholi, 1 VIII 1996 (fot. Zenit 12XP analog, WG)" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">11</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B6524FF98D505FF383491AAA53801" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36AFFF98D502FF383491ABCF3814" blockId="27.[189,1399,944,1131]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="B965EABDFF98D502FF383491A81A3FB5" bold="true" box="[189,350,944,970]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">MATERIAŁ</emphasis>
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- 8 osobników. Bory Tucholskie, Wysocki Młyn [XV85],
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<date id="FFAF106FFF98D502FBAB3491ADFC3FB4" box="[1070,1208,944,971]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" value="1995-07-06">6 VII 1995</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D17FD26FF98D502FB423491ADBC3FB4" box="[1223,1272,944,971]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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, leg. WG. Bory Tucholskie, Raciąski Młyn [XV85],
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<date id="FFAF106FFF98D502FD2A34F9AA053F8C" box="[687,833,984,1011]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" value="1996-07-28">28 VII 1996</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D17FD26FF98D502FCC834F9AA383F8C" box="[845,892,984,1011]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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, leg. WG. Bory Tucholskie, Kosowa Niwa [XV85],
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<date id="FFAF106FFF98D502FEAD3321A8F63864" box="[296,434,1024,1051]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" value="2007-06-20">
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20
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<collectionCode id="ED00AE6AFF98D502FEC83320A8283864" box="[333,364,1025,1051]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">VI</collectionCode>
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2007
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</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D17FD26FF98D502FE3A3321A8AA3864" box="[447,494,1024,1051]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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, leg. WG. Bory Tucholskie, Mrowiniec [XV85],
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<date id="FFAF106FFF98D502FBB23321AD863864" box="[1079,1218,1024,1051]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" value="2007-06-20">
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20
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<collectionCode id="ED00AE6AFF98D502FBD83320AD383864" box="[1117,1148,1025,1051]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">VI</collectionCode>
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2007
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</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D17FD26FF98D502FB4A3321ADB83864" box="[1231,1276,1024,1051]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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, leg. WG. Ogonki, wyręb [XA80],
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<date id="FFAF106FFF98D502FE683309ABCC383C" box="[493,648,1064,1091]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" value="2021-07-23">23 VII 2021</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D17FD26FF98D502FD1C3309AB8F383C" box="[665,715,1064,1091]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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, leg. WG;
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<date id="FFAF106FFF98D502FCDF3309AAB2383C" box="[858,1014,1064,1091]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" value="2021-07-28">28 VII 2021</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D17FD26FF98D502FB833309AD7D383C" box="[1030,1081,1064,1091]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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, leg. WG. Pustka, polana [XA80],
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<date id="FFAF106FFF98D502FEA23371A8873814" box="[295,451,1104,1131]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" value="2021-08-10">10 VIII 2021</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D17FD26FF98D502FE4B3371AB573814" box="[462,531,1104,1131]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
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, leg. WG.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE36AFFF98D502FF6633BFADF93B1C" blockId="27.[189,1399,1182,1891]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">
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Pod względem masy i wymiarów ciała to największa muchówka w Polsce (do ok.
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<quantity id="4CE99B4AFF98D502FA8F33BFAC2338C4" box="[1290,1383,1182,1211]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
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). Charakteryzuje się kontrastowym ubarwieniem. Jasne barwy obejmują tergity dystalnych segmentów odwłoka (białawe, przylegające gęste włoski), głowę oraz częściowo golenie; pozostałe części ciała, w tym masywny aparat genitalny samca, są czarne.
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D2CFF98D502FB1A3237AC33394C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1183,1399,1302,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Laphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
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<emphasis id="B965EABDFF98D502FB1A3237AC33394C" box="[1183,1399,1302,1331]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">Laphria gibbosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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jest gatunkiem wstępnie zdefiniowanym jako rzadki i nieliczny, choć prawdopodobnie pojawiającym się częściej na obecnie badanym obszarze, a lokalnie w liczebności wyższej niż wskazuje zbadany materiał (podczas obserwacji behawioru większości osobników nie odławiano). Na liczbę stwierdzeń rzutują stosowane metody zbioru, wybór miejsca i czasu pojawu tej muchówki. Imagines
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D2CFF98D502FD1532FEAA673984" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[656,803,1502,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Laphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
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<emphasis id="B965EABDFF98D502FD1532FEAA673984" box="[656,803,1502,1531]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">L. gibbosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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obserwowano na silnie nasłonecznionych, odsłoniętych stanowiskach, w godzinach okołopołudniowych, w najcieplejsze dni, od drugiej połowy czerwca do sierpnia. Czatownie w koronach drzew, na skraju polan/wyrębów i na wyróżniających się elementach otoczenia - markerach (elementy ogrodzeń, pniaki, kontrastujący z otoczeniem strój poławiającego). Ofiarami
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D2CFF98D502FC38315EAD023AE4" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[957,1094,1662,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Laphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
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<emphasis id="B965EABDFF98D502FC38315EAD023AE4" box="[957,1094,1662,1691]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">L. gibbosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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były m.in. stosunkowo duże chrząszcze i błonkówki (niektóre
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D2CFF98D502FD3E3187AA333ABC" box="[699,887,1702,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D2CFF98D502FC033187AD6B3ABC" box="[902,1071,1702,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B965EABDFF98D502FC033187AAA93ABC" box="[902,1005,1702,1731]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">Bombus</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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). Warto zauważyć, że na podwyższoną liczebność
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D2CFF98D502FD9631EEABE63A94" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[531,674,1742,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Laphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
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<emphasis id="B965EABDFF98D502FD9631EEABE63A94" box="[531,674,1742,1771]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">L. gibbosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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może wpływać gospodarka leśna i losowe zjawiska skutkujące zwiększeniem liczby siedlisk dogodnych do rozwoju larw i żerowania imagines (patrz - dyskusja podsumowująca rozdział). Na wschodnim Pomorzu,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D2CFF98D502FBE7303EADA93B44" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1122,1261,1822,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Laphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
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<emphasis id="B965EABDFF98D502FBE7303EADA93B44" box="[1122,1261,1822,1851]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">L. gibbosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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wcześniej notowano tylko w Borach Tucholskich (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF804B5EFF98D502FD3A3067AAE53B1C" author="Rubsaamen E. H." box="[703,929,1862,1891]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463" pagination="79 - 148" refId="ref19586" refString="Rubsaamen E. H. 1901. Bericht uber meine Reisen durch die Tucheler Heide in den Jahren 1896 und 1897. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig (Neue Folge) 10: 79 - 148." type="journal article" year="1901">Rübsaamen 1901</bibRefCitation>
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, Banaszak i in. 2002).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE36AFFF98D502FC843F0BAA76343B" blockId="27.[769,818,2090,2116]" box="[769,818,2090,2116]" pageId="27" pageNumber="463">463</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF6E6627FF9FD505FF38340AA8CD3FEF" pageId="28" pageNumber="464" startId="28.[189,210,811,837]" targetBox="[266,1245,190,763]" targetPageId="28" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36AFFF9FD505FF38340AA8CD3FEF" blockId="28.[189,1399,810,912]" pageId="28" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="B965EABDFF9FD505FF38340AA86C3F3A" bold="true" box="[189,296,811,837]" pageId="28" pageNumber="464">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D48A073FF9FD505FF38340AA9B13F3B" baselines="830,831" box="[189,245,811,837]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Ryc" pageId="28" pageNumber="464">RYC</smallCapsWord>
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. 11.
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</emphasis>
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Samiec wierzchołówki garbatej (
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D2CFF9FD505FD3F340BAA3A3F3A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[698,894,810,837]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Laphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
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|
<emphasis id="B965EABDFF9FD505FD3F340BAA3A3F3A" box="[698,894,810,837]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="464">Laphria gibbosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
) z ofiarą - imago zmorsznika czerwonego [
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D2CFF9FD505FF793471ABF63F14" authority="(Linnaeus, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[252,690,848,875]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stictoleptura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EABDFF9FD505FF793471A89B3F14" box="[252,479,848,875]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="464">Stictoleptura rubra</emphasis>
|
|
(Linnaeus, 1858)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
]; okolice Raciąża k. Tucholi, 1 VIII 1996 (fot. Zenit 12XP analog, WG)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF6E6627FF9FD505FF38348AAAE43F94" pageId="28" pageNumber="464" startId="28.[189,207,939,965]" targetType="figure">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE36AFFF9FD505FF38348AAAE43F94" blockId="28.[189,1399,938,1003]" pageId="28" pageNumber="464">
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EABDFF9FD505FF38348AA85A3FBA" bold="true" box="[189,286,939,965]" pageId="28" pageNumber="464">
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D48A073FF9FD505FF38348AA9AF3FBB" baselines="958,959" box="[189,235,939,965]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="28" pageNumber="464">FIG</smallCapsWord>
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|
. 11.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Male of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D2CFF9FD505FE08348BAB153FBA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[397,593,938,965]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Laphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosa">
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EABDFF9FD505FE08348BAB153FBA" box="[397,593,938,965]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="464">Laphria gibbosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with a prey [adult of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D2CFF9FD505FCD2348BAC543FBA" authority="(Linnaeus, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[855,1296,938,965]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Stictoleptura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EABDFF9FD505FCD2348BAD7E3FBA" box="[855,1082,938,965]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="464">Stictoleptura rubra</emphasis>
|
|
(Linnaeus, 1858)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
]; Raciąż near Tuchola, 1 VIII 1996 (phot. Zenit 12XP analog, WG)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAE36AFFF9FD505FDD73340AAA53801" blockId="28.[594,993,1121,1150]" box="[594,993,1121,1150]" pageId="28" pageNumber="464">
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EABDFF9FD505FDD73340AAA53801" bold="true" box="[594,993,1121,1150]" pageId="28" pageNumber="464">Leptogastrinae Schiner, 1862</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |